cloud-fan commented on code in PR #56603:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/56603#discussion_r3457126558


##########
sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/dynamicpruning/PartitionPruning.scala:
##########
@@ -134,45 +134,63 @@ object PartitionPruning extends Rule[LogicalPlan] with 
PredicateHelper with Join
    * in bytes of the plan on the other side of the join. We estimate the 
filtering ratio
    * using column statistics if they are available, otherwise we use the 
config value of
    * `spark.sql.optimizer.dynamicPartitionPruning.fallbackFilterRatio`.
+   *
+   * The fallback ratio is only meaningful "when CBO stats are missing, but 
there is a predicate
+   * that is likely to be selective" -- so it is used only when 
`hasSelectivePredicate` is true. A
+   * filtering side that is eligible only because it is already materialized 
(a LocalRelation or a
+   * checkpoint-derived LogicalRDD, SPARK-54593) carries no such predicate; 
for it we rely solely on
+   * the statistics-based ratio and report no benefit when statistics are 
unavailable, so it is not
+   * injected as a standalone always-applied subquery on a guessed ratio. A 
statistics-based ratio,
+   * when available, is always honored regardless of `hasSelectivePredicate`.
    */
   private def pruningHasBenefit(
       partExpr: Expression,
       partPlan: LogicalPlan,
       otherExpr: Expression,
-      otherPlan: LogicalPlan): Boolean = {
+      otherPlan: LogicalPlan,
+      hasSelectivePredicate: Boolean): Boolean = {
 
     // get the distinct counts of an attribute for a given table
     def distinctCounts(attr: Attribute, plan: LogicalPlan): Option[BigInt] = {
       plan.stats.attributeStats.get(attr).flatMap(_.distinctCount)
     }
 
-    // the default filtering ratio when CBO stats are missing, but there is a
-    // predicate that is likely to be selective
-    val fallbackRatio = conf.dynamicPartitionPruningFallbackFilterRatio
-    // the filtering ratio based on the type of the join condition and on the 
column statistics
-    val filterRatio = (partExpr.references.toList, 
otherExpr.references.toList) match {
-      // filter out expressions with more than one attribute on any side of 
the operator
-      case (leftAttr :: Nil, rightAttr :: Nil)
-        if conf.dynamicPartitionPruningUseStats =>
-          // get the CBO stats for each attribute in the join condition
-          val partDistinctCount = distinctCounts(leftAttr, partPlan)
-          val otherDistinctCount = distinctCounts(rightAttr, otherPlan)
-          val availableStats = partDistinctCount.isDefined && 
partDistinctCount.get > 0 &&
-            otherDistinctCount.isDefined
-          if (!availableStats) {
-            fallbackRatio
-          } else if (partDistinctCount.get.toDouble <= 
otherDistinctCount.get.toDouble) {
-            // there is likely an estimation error, so we fallback
-            fallbackRatio
-          } else {
-            1 - otherDistinctCount.get.toDouble / 
partDistinctCount.get.toDouble
-          }
-      case _ => fallbackRatio
+    // the filtering ratio derived from column statistics, when reliable stats 
are available
+    val statsBasedRatio: Option[Double] =
+      (partExpr.references.toList, otherExpr.references.toList) match {
+        // filter out expressions with more than one attribute on any side of 
the operator
+        case (leftAttr :: Nil, rightAttr :: Nil)
+          if conf.dynamicPartitionPruningUseStats =>
+            // get the CBO stats for each attribute in the join condition
+            val partDistinctCount = distinctCounts(leftAttr, partPlan)
+            // A materialized filtering side (e.g. a LocalRelation) may carry 
no column statistics
+            // but an exact `maxRows`, which is a conservative upper bound on 
its join-key NDV. Use
+            // it when the column statistic is missing so a small, selective 
materialized side still
+            // yields a statistics-based ratio rather than falling through to 
the gated fallback.
+            val otherDistinctCount =
+              distinctCounts(rightAttr, 
otherPlan).orElse(otherPlan.maxRows.map(BigInt(_)))
+            val availableStats = partDistinctCount.isDefined && 
partDistinctCount.get > 0 &&
+              otherDistinctCount.isDefined
+            if (!availableStats) {
+              None
+            } else if (partDistinctCount.get.toDouble <= 
otherDistinctCount.get.toDouble) {
+              // there is likely an estimation error, so there is no reliable 
stats-based ratio
+              None
+            } else {
+              Some(1 - otherDistinctCount.get.toDouble / 
partDistinctCount.get.toDouble)

Review Comment:
   Agreed it over-estimates when the key is a transformation like `p % 2`, and 
as you note it predates this PR -- it's a pre-existing imprecision in 
`statsBasedRatio` that the selective-predicate path shares. The effect is a 
no-benefit subquery (wasted work), not a wrong result. It's really a general 
benefit-estimation refinement (use the column NDV only when the resolved key is 
itself an `Attribute`, or use expression-level NDV), orthogonal to this PR, so 
I'd like to leave it out of here and handle it separately along with the 
lineage lookup above.



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