szehon-ho commented on code in PR #58223:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/58223#discussion_r3836399504


##########
sql/pipelines/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/pipelines/util/InferSchemaFromFlowsSuite.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.pipelines.util
+
+import scala.util.Success
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.{QueryTest, Row}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.TableIdentifier
+import org.apache.spark.sql.pipelines.graph.{
+  FlowFunction,
+  FlowFunctionResult,
+  Input,
+  QueryContext,
+  QueryOrigin,
+  ResolvedFlow,
+  StreamingFlow,
+  UntypedFlow
+}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.test.SharedSparkSession
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.{IntegerType, StringType, StructType}
+
+/** Tests for the flow ordering used by 
[[SchemaInferenceUtils.inferSchemaFromFlows]]. */
+class InferSchemaFromFlowsSuite extends QueryTest with SharedSparkSession {
+
+  /** A [[FlowFunction]] that throws if invoked; these tests build 
already-resolved flows. */
+  private val noOpFlowFunction: FlowFunction = new FlowFunction {
+    override def call(
+        allInputs: Set[TableIdentifier],
+        availableInputs: Seq[Input],
+        configuration: Map[String, String],
+        queryContext: QueryContext,
+        queryOrigin: QueryOrigin): FlowFunctionResult =
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+        "noOpFlowFunction.call should not be invoked from 
InferSchemaFromFlowsSuite tests")
+  }
+
+  private val queryContext = QueryContext(currentCatalog = Some("c"), 
currentDatabase = Some("d"))
+
+  /** A resolved flow with the given identifier and output schema, writing to 
`destination`. */
+  private def resolvedFlow(
+      identifier: TableIdentifier,
+      destination: TableIdentifier,
+      schema: StructType): ResolvedFlow = {
+    val df = spark.createDataFrame(spark.sparkContext.emptyRDD[Row], schema)
+    val flow = UntypedFlow(
+      identifier = identifier,
+      destinationIdentifier = destination,
+      func = noOpFlowFunction,
+      queryContext = queryContext,
+      sqlConf = Map.empty,
+      once = false,
+      origin = QueryOrigin.empty)
+    new StreamingFlow(
+      flow,
+      FlowFunctionResult(
+        requestedInputs = Set.empty,
+        batchInputs = Set.empty,
+        streamingInputs = Set.empty,
+        usedExternalInputs = Set.empty,
+        dataFrame = Success(df),
+        sqlConf = Map.empty))
+  }
+
+  test("inferSchemaFromFlows merges deterministically for identifiers that 
collide under " +
+    "unquotedString") {
+    // The merge order decides which spelling of a case-only-differing column 
survives, so it has to
+    // be deterministic and independent of the incoming flow order (which is 
the nondeterministic
+    // flow-resolution completion order). inferSchemaFromFlows sorts on the 
identifier's
+    // `quotedString`. Sorting on `unquotedString` would collapse these two 
DISTINCT identifiers to

Review Comment:
   nit: there's a lot of comment about unquoted string in this test, can we 
remove them as they are a bit repetitive and not that relevant as we now use 
'quotedString'



##########
sql/pipelines/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/pipelines/util/InferSchemaFromFlowsSuite.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.pipelines.util
+
+import scala.util.Success
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.{QueryTest, Row}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.TableIdentifier
+import org.apache.spark.sql.pipelines.graph.{
+  FlowFunction,
+  FlowFunctionResult,
+  Input,
+  QueryContext,
+  QueryOrigin,
+  ResolvedFlow,
+  StreamingFlow,
+  UntypedFlow
+}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.test.SharedSparkSession
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.{IntegerType, StringType, StructType}
+
+/** Tests for the flow ordering used by 
[[SchemaInferenceUtils.inferSchemaFromFlows]]. */
+class InferSchemaFromFlowsSuite extends QueryTest with SharedSparkSession {

Review Comment:
   can we put this in an existing suite rather than a suite just for one test?



##########
sql/pipelines/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/pipelines/util/InferSchemaFromFlowsSuite.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.pipelines.util
+
+import scala.util.Success
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.{QueryTest, Row}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.TableIdentifier
+import org.apache.spark.sql.pipelines.graph.{
+  FlowFunction,
+  FlowFunctionResult,
+  Input,
+  QueryContext,
+  QueryOrigin,
+  ResolvedFlow,
+  StreamingFlow,
+  UntypedFlow
+}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.test.SharedSparkSession
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.{IntegerType, StringType, StructType}
+
+/** Tests for the flow ordering used by 
[[SchemaInferenceUtils.inferSchemaFromFlows]]. */
+class InferSchemaFromFlowsSuite extends QueryTest with SharedSparkSession {
+
+  /** A [[FlowFunction]] that throws if invoked; these tests build 
already-resolved flows. */
+  private val noOpFlowFunction: FlowFunction = new FlowFunction {
+    override def call(
+        allInputs: Set[TableIdentifier],
+        availableInputs: Seq[Input],
+        configuration: Map[String, String],
+        queryContext: QueryContext,
+        queryOrigin: QueryOrigin): FlowFunctionResult =
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+        "noOpFlowFunction.call should not be invoked from 
InferSchemaFromFlowsSuite tests")
+  }
+
+  private val queryContext = QueryContext(currentCatalog = Some("c"), 
currentDatabase = Some("d"))
+
+  /** A resolved flow with the given identifier and output schema, writing to 
`destination`. */
+  private def resolvedFlow(
+      identifier: TableIdentifier,
+      destination: TableIdentifier,
+      schema: StructType): ResolvedFlow = {
+    val df = spark.createDataFrame(spark.sparkContext.emptyRDD[Row], schema)
+    val flow = UntypedFlow(
+      identifier = identifier,
+      destinationIdentifier = destination,
+      func = noOpFlowFunction,
+      queryContext = queryContext,
+      sqlConf = Map.empty,
+      once = false,
+      origin = QueryOrigin.empty)
+    new StreamingFlow(
+      flow,
+      FlowFunctionResult(
+        requestedInputs = Set.empty,
+        batchInputs = Set.empty,
+        streamingInputs = Set.empty,
+        usedExternalInputs = Set.empty,
+        dataFrame = Success(df),
+        sqlConf = Map.empty))
+  }
+
+  test("inferSchemaFromFlows merges deterministically for identifiers that 
collide under " +

Review Comment:
   optional: maybe dotted-name collision describes it better?  again unquoted 
string is a bit specific to be persisted as comment, as its not used anymore.



##########
sql/pipelines/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/pipelines/util/InferSchemaFromFlowsSuite.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.pipelines.util
+
+import scala.util.Success
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.{QueryTest, Row}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.TableIdentifier
+import org.apache.spark.sql.pipelines.graph.{
+  FlowFunction,
+  FlowFunctionResult,
+  Input,
+  QueryContext,
+  QueryOrigin,
+  ResolvedFlow,
+  StreamingFlow,
+  UntypedFlow
+}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.test.SharedSparkSession
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.{IntegerType, StringType, StructType}
+
+/** Tests for the flow ordering used by 
[[SchemaInferenceUtils.inferSchemaFromFlows]]. */
+class InferSchemaFromFlowsSuite extends QueryTest with SharedSparkSession {
+
+  /** A [[FlowFunction]] that throws if invoked; these tests build 
already-resolved flows. */
+  private val noOpFlowFunction: FlowFunction = new FlowFunction {
+    override def call(
+        allInputs: Set[TableIdentifier],
+        availableInputs: Seq[Input],
+        configuration: Map[String, String],
+        queryContext: QueryContext,
+        queryOrigin: QueryOrigin): FlowFunctionResult =
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+        "noOpFlowFunction.call should not be invoked from 
InferSchemaFromFlowsSuite tests")
+  }
+
+  private val queryContext = QueryContext(currentCatalog = Some("c"), 
currentDatabase = Some("d"))
+
+  /** A resolved flow with the given identifier and output schema, writing to 
`destination`. */
+  private def resolvedFlow(
+      identifier: TableIdentifier,
+      destination: TableIdentifier,
+      schema: StructType): ResolvedFlow = {
+    val df = spark.createDataFrame(spark.sparkContext.emptyRDD[Row], schema)
+    val flow = UntypedFlow(
+      identifier = identifier,
+      destinationIdentifier = destination,
+      func = noOpFlowFunction,
+      queryContext = queryContext,
+      sqlConf = Map.empty,
+      once = false,
+      origin = QueryOrigin.empty)
+    new StreamingFlow(
+      flow,
+      FlowFunctionResult(
+        requestedInputs = Set.empty,
+        batchInputs = Set.empty,
+        streamingInputs = Set.empty,
+        usedExternalInputs = Set.empty,
+        dataFrame = Success(df),
+        sqlConf = Map.empty))
+  }
+
+  test("inferSchemaFromFlows merges deterministically for identifiers that 
collide under " +
+    "unquotedString") {
+    // The merge order decides which spelling of a case-only-differing column 
survives, so it has to
+    // be deterministic and independent of the incoming flow order (which is 
the nondeterministic
+    // flow-resolution completion order). inferSchemaFromFlows sorts on the 
identifier's
+    // `quotedString`. Sorting on `unquotedString` would collapse these two 
DISTINCT identifiers to
+    // the same key ("c.a.b.x"), and a stable sort would then fall back to the 
incoming order --
+    // flipping the surviving column casing when the flows happen to arrive 
swapped.
+    val destination = TableIdentifier("t", Some("d"), Some("c"))
+    // Both identifiers render to "c.a.b.x" under unquotedString, but differ 
under quotedString.

Review Comment:
   like this one (we can maybe keep one version of them?)



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