Github user liancheng commented on a diff in the pull request:
https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/10377#discussion_r48390319
--- Diff:
sql/hive/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/orc/OrcFilters.scala ---
@@ -26,15 +26,47 @@ import org.apache.spark.Logging
import org.apache.spark.sql.sources._
/**
- * It may be optimized by push down partial filters. But we are
conservative here.
- * Because if some filters fail to be parsed, the tree may be corrupted,
- * and cannot be used anymore.
+ * Helper object for building ORC `SearchArgument`s, which are used for
ORC predicate push-down.
+ *
+ * Due to limitation of ORC `SearchArgument` builder, we had to end up
with a pretty weird double-
+ * checking pattern when converting `And`/`Or`/`Not` filters.
+ *
+ * An ORC `SearchArgument` must be built in one pass using a single
builder. For example, you can't
+ * build `a = 1` and `b = 2` first, and then combine them into `a = 1 AND
b = 2`. This is quite
+ * different from the cases in Spark SQL or Parquet, where complex filters
can be easily built using
+ * existing simpler ones.
+ *
+ * The annoying part is that, `SearchArgument` builder methods like
`startAnd()`, `startOr()`, and
+ * `startNot()` mutate internal state of the builder instance. This
forces us to translate all
+ * convertible filters with a single builder instance. However, before
actually converting a filter,
+ * we've no idea whether it can be recognized by ORC or not. Thus, when an
inconvertible filter is
+ * found, we may already end up with a builder whose internal state is
inconsistent.
+ *
+ * For example, to convert an `And` filter with builder `b`, we call
`b.startAnd()` first, and then
+ * try to convert its children. Say we convert `left` child successfully,
but find that `right`
+ * child is inconvertible. Alas, `b.startAnd()` call can't be rolled
back, and `b` is inconsistent
+ * now.
+ *
+ * The workaround employed here is that, for `And`/`Or`/`Not`, we first
try to convert their
--- End diff --
`buildSearchArgument` is recursive, so nested `And`/`Or`/`Not` within top
level filters are also covered.
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