Github user frreiss commented on a diff in the pull request:

    https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/13155#discussion_r63933593
  
    --- Diff: 
sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/Optimizer.scala
 ---
    @@ -1648,16 +1648,56 @@ object RewriteCorrelatedScalarSubquery extends 
Rule[LogicalPlan] {
       }
     
       /**
    +   * Statically evaluate an expression containing one or more aggregates 
on an empty input.
    +   */
    +  private def evalOnZeroTups(expr : Expression) : Option[Any] = {
    +    // AggregateExpressions are Unevaluable, so we need to replace all 
aggregates
    +    // in the expression with the value they would return for zero input 
tuples.
    +    val rewrittenExpr = expr transform {
    +      case a @ AggregateExpression(aggFunc, _, _, resultId) =>
    +        val resultLit = aggFunc.defaultResult match {
    +          case Some(lit) => lit
    +          case None => Literal.default(NullType)
    +        }
    +        Alias(resultLit, "aggVal") (exprId = resultId)
    +    }
    +    Option(rewrittenExpr.eval())
    +  }
    +
    +  /**
        * Construct a new child plan by left joining the given subqueries to a 
base plan.
        */
       private def constructLeftJoins(
           child: LogicalPlan,
           subqueries: ArrayBuffer[ScalarSubquery]): LogicalPlan = {
         subqueries.foldLeft(child) {
           case (currentChild, ScalarSubquery(query, conditions, _)) =>
    +        val aggOutputExpr = 
query.asInstanceOf[Aggregate].aggregateExpressions.head
    --- End diff --
    
    Upon further reflection, a Filter node above the Aggregate creates 
additional issues. If you rewrite the subquery into an outer join above the 
Filter, it may be impossible to distinguish between two cases:
    - The original subquery returns null because an aggregate value did not 
pass the HAVING clause
    - The aggregate in the original subquery is evaluated over zero tuples
    
    In both cases, the outer join will return a tuple containing nulls.
    For example, the query:
    ```sql
    select * from l where (select count(*) cnt from r where l.a = r.c having 
cnt = 0) = 0
    ```
    would turn into
    ```sql
    select * 
    from l left outer join (select c, count(*) cnt from r group by c having cnt 
= 0) sq
        on l.a = sq.c 
    where sq.cnt = 0
    ```
    Note how the rewritten subquery `select c, count(*) cnt from r group by c 
having cnt = 0` always returns zero tuples.
    
    I'm working through a few possible solutions, trying to see if one of them 
is guaranteed to be correct.


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