Github user manishamde commented on a diff in the pull request:

    https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/2125#discussion_r16865813
  
    --- Diff: 
mllib/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/mllib/tree/impl/DecisionTreeMetadata.scala
 ---
    @@ -70,32 +83,48 @@ private[tree] object DecisionTreeMetadata {
           case Regression => 0
         }
     
    -    val maxBins = math.min(strategy.maxBins, numExamples).toInt
    -    val log2MaxBinsp1 = math.log(maxBins + 1) / math.log(2.0)
    +    val maxPossibleBins = math.min(strategy.maxBins, numExamples).toInt
    +    val log2MaxPossibleBinsp1 = math.log(maxPossibleBins + 1) / 
math.log(2.0)
     
    +    // We check the number of bins here against maxPossibleBins.
    +    // This needs to be checked here instead of in Strategy since 
maxPossibleBins can be modified
    +    // based on the number of training examples.
         val unorderedFeatures = new mutable.HashSet[Int]()
    +    val numBins = Array.fill[Int](numFeatures)(maxPossibleBins)
         if (numClasses > 2) {
           strategy.categoricalFeaturesInfo.foreach { case (f, k) =>
    -        if (k - 1 < log2MaxBinsp1) {
    +        if (k - 1 < log2MaxPossibleBinsp1) {
               // Note: The above check is equivalent to checking:
               //       numUnorderedBins = (1 << k - 1) - 1 < maxBins
               unorderedFeatures.add(f)
    +          numBins(f) = numUnorderedBins(k)
             } else {
    -          // TODO: Allow this case, where we simply will know nothing 
about some categories?
    -          require(k < maxBins, s"maxBins (= $maxBins) should be greater 
than max categories " +
    +          require(k <= maxPossibleBins,
    +            s"maxBins (= $maxPossibleBins) should be greater than max 
categories " +
                 s"in categorical features (>= $k)")
    +          numBins(f) = k
             }
           }
         } else {
           strategy.categoricalFeaturesInfo.foreach { case (f, k) =>
    -        require(k < maxBins, s"maxBins (= $maxBins) should be greater than 
max categories " +
    -          s"in categorical features (>= $k)")
    +        require(k <= maxPossibleBins,
    +          s"DecisionTree requires maxBins (= $maxPossibleBins) >= max 
categories " +
    +          s"in categorical features (= 
${strategy.categoricalFeaturesInfo.values.max})")
    +        numBins(f) = k
           }
         }
     
    -    new DecisionTreeMetadata(numFeatures, numExamples, numClasses, maxBins,
    -      strategy.categoricalFeaturesInfo, unorderedFeatures.toSet,
    +    new DecisionTreeMetadata(numFeatures, numExamples, numClasses, 
numBins.max,
    +      strategy.categoricalFeaturesInfo, unorderedFeatures.toSet, numBins,
           strategy.impurity, strategy.quantileCalculationStrategy)
       }
     
    +  /**
    +   * Given the arity of a categorical feature (arity = number of 
categories),
    +   * return the number of bins for the feature if it is to be treated as 
an unordered feature.
    +   */
    +  def numUnorderedBins(arity: Int): Int = {
    +    (1 << arity - 1) - 1
    --- End diff --
    
    It might be obvious but a comment explaining the bit shift operations will 
be helpful.


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