yaooqinn opened a new pull request #26640: [SPARK-30000][SQL] Trim the string 
when cast string type to decimals
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/26640
 
 
   ### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
   
   https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8170259
   https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8170563
   
   When we cast string type to decimal type, we rely on java.math. BigDecimal. 
It can't accept leading and training spaces, as you can see in the above links. 
This behavior is not consistent with other numeric types now. we need to fix it 
and keep consistency.
   
   ### Why are the changes needed?
   
   make string to numeric types be consistent
   
   ### Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?
   
   yes, string removed trailing or leading white spaces will be able to convert 
to decimal if the trimmed is valid
   
   ### How was this patch tested?
   <!--
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   1. modify ut
   
   #### Benchmark
   ```scala
   /*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    *
    * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    * limitations under the License.
    */
   
   package org.apache.spark.sql.execution.benchmark
   
   import org.apache.spark.benchmark.Benchmark
   
   /**
    * Benchmark trim the string when casting string type to Boolean/Numeric 
types.
    * To run this benchmark:
    * {{{
    *   1. without sbt:
    *      bin/spark-submit --class <this class> --jars <spark core test jar> 
<spark sql test jar>
    *   2. build/sbt "sql/test:runMain <this class>"
    *   3. generate result: SPARK_GENERATE_BENCHMARK_FILES=1 build/sbt 
"sql/test:runMain <this class>"
    *      Results will be written to "benchmarks/CastBenchmark-results.txt".
    * }}}
    */
   object CastBenchmark extends SqlBasedBenchmark {
   
     override def runBenchmarkSuite(mainArgs: Array[String]): Unit = {
       val title = "Cast String to Integral"
       runBenchmark(title) {
         withTempPath { dir =>
           val N = 500L << 14
           val df = spark.range(N)
           val types = Seq("decimal")
           (1 to 5).by(2).foreach { i =>
             df.selectExpr(s"concat(id, '${" " * i}') as str")
               .write.mode("overwrite").parquet(dir + i.toString)
           }
   
           val benchmark = new Benchmark(title, N, minNumIters = 5, output = 
output)
           Seq(true, false).foreach { trim =>
             types.foreach { t =>
               val str = if (trim) "trim(str)" else "str"
               val expr = s"cast($str as $t) as c_$t"
               (1 to 5).by(2).foreach { i =>
                 benchmark.addCase(expr + s" - with $i spaces") { _ =>
                   spark.read.parquet(dir + 
i.toString).selectExpr(expr).collect()
                 }
               }
             }
           }
           benchmark.run()
         }
       }
     }
   }
   
   ```
   
   #### string trim vs not trim
   ```java
   [info] Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 1.8.0_231-b11 on Mac OS X 10.15.1
   [info] Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9980HK CPU @ 2.40GHz
   [info] Cast String to Integral:                  Best Time(ms)   Avg 
Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
   [info] 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   [info] cast(trim(str) as decimal) as c_decimal - with 1 spaces           
3362           5486         NaN          2.4         410.4       1.0X
   [info] cast(trim(str) as decimal) as c_decimal - with 3 spaces           
3251           5655         NaN          2.5         396.8       1.0X
   [info] cast(trim(str) as decimal) as c_decimal - with 5 spaces           
3208           5725         NaN          2.6         391.7       1.0X
   [info] cast(str as decimal) as c_decimal - with 1 spaces          13962      
    16233        1354          0.6        1704.3       0.2X
   [info] cast(str as decimal) as c_decimal - with 3 spaces          14273      
    14444         179          0.6        1742.4       0.2X
   [info] cast(str as decimal) as c_decimal - with 5 spaces          14318      
    14535         125          0.6        1747.8       0.2X
   ```
   #### string trim vs this fix
   ```java
   [info] Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 1.8.0_231-b11 on Mac OS X 10.15.1
   [info] Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9980HK CPU @ 2.40GHz
   [info] Cast String to Integral:                  Best Time(ms)   Avg 
Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
   [info] 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   [info] cast(trim(str) as decimal) as c_decimal - with 1 spaces           
3265           6299         NaN          2.5         398.6       1.0X
   [info] cast(trim(str) as decimal) as c_decimal - with 3 spaces           
3183           6241         693          2.6         388.5       1.0X
   [info] cast(trim(str) as decimal) as c_decimal - with 5 spaces           
3167           5923        1151          2.6         386.7       1.0X
   [info] cast(str as decimal) as c_decimal - with 1 spaces           3161      
     5838        1126          2.6         385.9       1.0X
   [info] cast(str as decimal) as c_decimal - with 3 spaces           3046      
     3457         837          2.7         371.8       1.1X
   [info] cast(str as decimal) as c_decimal - with 5 spaces           3053      
     4445         NaN          2.7         372.7       1.1X
   [info]
   ```

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