> For those Unix people with now NT knowledge: (I think this is all correct)
> NT runs diffrent process at different ring levels. This is suppose

The rings are a feature designed into the microprocessor by Intel.  They
are not a feature provided by micro$oft's NT.

> however only has one kernel model. (Linux to be exact.) root is the
> kernel and vice versa. for example root can write to

"root" refers access rights to files and the file system in linux and
unix.  A program running as "root" does not run at ring-0, but at the same
ring as other user programs.  It just has more access rights to files.

Something at ring-0 (the kernel) can execute priviledged
processor instructions which, for example, manipulate the processor memory
management tables, io ports, and other things like that.  When a user
program call the kernel to do something, the internal kernel code switches
to ring-0.  It's not the same as root.


> /dev/mem which is the device for the physical memory. The only unix
> base exception I know of for this is mach with nextstep and AFS which creates
> a super root.


:-) Wayne


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