Thanks Darrell, I will be working on the barrel project next week. Anyone
with any other input, requests or suggestions please get them to me soon.
We hope to have several barrels in S scale soon.
Also, check out our web page for new metal castings and structures. New
products, planned items and some coming soon. We are getting a lot of new
stuff ready for the Sn3 Symposium in Seattle this coming February.
Pat Turner
www.turnermodelworks.com
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Date: Sat, 19 Nov 2005 07:40:37 -0000
> From: "Darrell Smith" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> Subject: Barrels
>
> I've recently been in touch with Pat Turner of Turner Model Works /
> Finestkind Models about the need for decent S scale barrel models.
> Here's my research:
>
> Pat,
>
> I've been doing some research online since getting your response,
> hoping to make some sense of the barrel industry. The more I
> research, the more confused I become. Let me explain.
>
> The basic construct known as a barrel has been around since the middle
> ages. It is not known when or where the first was built. The
> structure of a barrel has several advantages. For holding liquids,
> since the wood swells when wet, a barrel becomes leakproof after it's
> initial wetting. The shape helps handling. A barrel tipped on its
> side does not land flat, but rocks, distributing the force of impact
> to a large surface area. Due to the bulge shape, one man can roll a
> barrel on a flat surface, steering it by tipping the barrel to one
> side or the other. Large heavy barrels can be rolled up ramps by one
> or two men by employing ropes with one end attached at the top of the
> ramp, looped around the barrel, and pulled up by the men. By rocking
> the barrel, one or two men can lift the barrel on end with "minimal"
> effort.
>
> Barrels come in a large variety of sizes, and with a large variety of
> names. Kegs, Rundlets, Firkins, Kilderkins, Barrels, Casks, Tierces,
> Hogsheads, Puncheons, and Tuns are all barrels by other names. Some
> of these are specific to particular commodoties.
>
> Size is another mish mash. I have discovered a history of "barrels"
> by whatever name in sizes of 5, 7, 10, 13, 15, and 20 gallon sizes for
> what I will call "kegs"; 30, 31 1/2, 32, 36, 40, 42, 53, 59, and 65
> gallon "barrel" sizes; a "Tierce" is either 42 or 65 gallons depending
> on the commodity; a "Hogshead" is either 63 or 256 gallons depending
> on the commodity; a "Tun" is almost always 252 gallons. These volumes
> can also be translated into a variety of dimensional variations again
> depending on commodity. A 42 gallon "Tierce" of wine will be shorter
> and fatter than a 42 gallon "Barrel" of oil.
>
> Official United States barrel sizes as per commodity are as follows:
>
> Dry goods, 7,056 cu. in.
> Cranberries, 5,826 cu. in.
> Wine, 31.5 gal.
> Ale & Beer, 36 gal.
> Proof Spirits, 40 gal.
> Petroleum, 42 gal.
> Fish, beef, pork: 200 lb.
> Cement barrel: 375 lb.
>
> All that said, I am still trying to locate, so far without success,
> the general dimensions of a 42 gallon standard "Barrel" of oil. I may
> be able to extrapolate, but first:
>
> 5 gallon keg: 9 3/4" head diameter, 12" belly diameter, 18 1/2" height
>
> 10 gallon keg: 12 3/4" head, 15" belly diameter, 21" height
>
> Barrels for fruits, vegetables, and other dry commodities other than
> cranberries:
> * Full Barrel, 17 1/8" head, 20 1/4" diam. bulge, 28 1/2" height
> Half Barrel, 13 1/8" head, 16 1/4" diam. bulge, 23" height
> 1/4 Barrel and 3/4 Barrel sizes also made
>
> Barrels for Cranberies:
> Full Barrel, 16 1/4" head, 18 1/2" bulge, 28 1/2" height
> Half Barrel, 12 5/8" head, 14" bulge, 22 1/2" height
> 1/4 Barrel and 3/4 Barrel sizes also made
>
> * this size barrel also corresponds to the American and Canadian
> flat-hooped flour barrel
>
> 42 gallon oil barrel:
> head diameter unknown, bulge unknown, height MAY be 32" as per one
> source
>
> 53 gallon wine barrel:
> 21 1/4" head diameter, 25 3/4" bulge, 34 7/8" height
>
> 59 gallon wine barrel:
> 22 5/8" head, 27 1/2" bulge, 34 7/8" height
>
> 63 gallon wine barrel:
> 22 5/8" head diameter, 28" bulge diameter, 34 7/8" height
>
> 70 gallon "Bordeaux Plus" wine barrel:
> 24" head, 29" bulge, 37 1/4" height
>
> Tobacco Hogshead:
> 46" diameter head maximim, 54" long staves maximum, bulge unknown.
> These are filled with "dry" tobacco leaves to a weight of 1100
> pounds. Under that weight is charged a penalty, and over that weight
> is charged additional shipping fee.
>
> Almost all of these various sizes will have a standard six hoops of
> iron. Larger sizes, like hogsheads, will still probably have only six
> hoops, but they may be wider bands. The smallest kegs may only have
> four hoops. Of particular note, flour barrels were made with bands of
> hickory. Flour mills were notoriously dusty and prone to explosion,
> so it was important to prevent an iron band from hitting a floor nail
> which could cause a spark, hence the wood hoops. Another exception
> seems to be the larger (French?) wine barrels which often have eight
> hoops.
>
> By extrapolating from other representative barrel sizes, I come up
> with the following approximation:
>
> 42 gallon oil barrel: 17 5/8" head diameter, 22" bulge, 32" height
> THIS IS ONLY AN APPROXIMATION, but is probably close enough for most
> people.
>
> As you see, "barrels" come in all sizes. Any particular modeler's
> needs will vary considerably. I am interested in a whole roadside
> amassment of tobacco hogsheads. Most anybody else would not even
> care. I am interested in nail kegs, flour barrels, apple barrels,
> beer barrels, and maybe an oil barrel or two. No, I don't want a cask
> of amontillado, thank you.
>
> I hope this gives you some idea of the possible scope of the project.
> Barrels are definitely a thing of the past, but, for those of us
> modeling the earlier years, are much needed.
>
> By the way, did you know that pallets were invented for the military
> during WWI? There shouldn't be a single one on a 1910 layout.
>
> Darrell
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