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Today's Topics:
1. loT meaning: bhajata, pashyata, tyjata (Jay Vaidya)
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Message: 1
Date: Mon, 13 Dec 2004 10:55:07 -0800 (PST)
From: Jay Vaidya <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: [Sanskrit] loT meaning: bhajata, pashyata, tyjata
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
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rAmo.alikhat
> Of course it is madhyama loT bahuvacanaM. But I
> think it is used in the Rigvedic sense here
> (injunctive) Though the use is common with the
> proscriptive 'maa', is it also used in a sort of
> benedictory sense (but not the aashiirli^N).
>
> > What is the grammatical form of the verbs:
> > bhajata, pashyata, tyajata ?
Correct, loT madhyama bahuvachanam is the form. But
why not interpret it as the regular loT meaning of
imperative (order/strong request/formal request, more
urgent than liN^)?
--
satyaM nu imAni loT-lakAre madhyama-bahuvachanAni |
kiM na khalU tAni loT-lakArasya sAmAnye arthe
adhigachAma ?
--
The AchArya probably knew that the verse would be
addressed to many listeners, so he used bahuvachana.
In the taittarIya upanishhad, the teacher tells (one)
student:
"satyaM vada | dharmaM chara | ..." etc.
Here the singular is used, and the sense of the loT is
similar -- an advice/order to the student:
"Speak the truth. Live righteously..." etc.
Similarly the Acharya tells his (many) listeners:
> ...Atmavad eva parAnnapi pashyata |
> yudhham tyajata... etc
"...Regard others just as yourselves, give up war..."
etc
loT is very often used without the negative "mA". In
fact, it is never used with 'mA' in ancient
literature, but may be by more modern saMskR^ita
writers (I think that there is a "mA kuru yatnam..."
in the "bhaja govindam" by shaMkara).
loT is urgent and peremptory, but actually, loT has
all of the same meanings as liN^, namely:
1. vidhi = preraNa = exhortation, e.g., kaTaM kuru
"make the mat"
2. nimantraNa = niyogakaraNa = stipulation, e.g.,
amutra tishhTha "stand there"
AmantraNa = kAmachArakaraNam = expression of desired
action, e.g., Astu iha bhavAn "(I wish that) you sit
here"
3. prArthanam = yAchJNA = prayer, begging, e.g.,
bhavati me prArthana vyAkaraNam adhyayai "It is my
prayer that I study grammar."
4. saMprashnaH = saMpradhAraNam = question regarding
possible future action, e.g., kiM na khalu vyAkaraNam
adhyayai "Why not, indeed, should I study grammar?"
5. adhIshhTa = satkArapUrvako vyApAraH = respectful
use, e.g., adhIchchAmo bhavantaM, mANavakaM bhavAn
AdhApayatu = "We pray to you that you teach the boy."
6. preshyaH = preshhaNam = purpose, e.g., kaTaM kuru
iti tvam iha prashhitiaH "you have been sent here to
make a mat."
7. atisargaH = kAmAchara-abhyanyGYAnam = order, e.g.,
kaTaM kuru "make a mat!"
8. prAptakAlaH = nimittabhUtasya kAlasya avasaraH =
being the time tfor action, e.g., kaTaM kuru iti tvaM
prAptakAlaH, "It is time for you to make the mat."
9. AshIH = aprAptasya ishhTasya prAptum ichchhA = wish
for an as-yet-unattained good, = benediction, e.g.,
chiraM jIvatu bhavAn "live long!"
6,7,8. Note: loT is urgent, premptory, liN^ or loT can
be used if the action can be delayed for a while.
5,6,7,8 note: only loT may be used if the particle
"sma" is used. e.g., UrdhvaM muhUrtAt kaTaM kuru,
"After a while, make the mat!" etc.
dhana.njayaH
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End of sanskrit Digest, Vol 21, Issue 10
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