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Today's Topics:
1. Re: rAmAyanaM - gAyatri shlokas (P.K.Ramakrishnan)
2. Re: What is the etymology of the word agrahaara?
(Lakshmi Srinivas)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message: 1
Date: Fri, 25 Feb 2005 19:21:55 -0800 (PST)
From: "P.K.Ramakrishnan" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: [Sanskrit] rAmAyanaM - gAyatri shlokas
To: sanskrit digest <[email protected]>
Message-ID: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
The 22nd , 23rd and 24th verses of Gayatri Ramayana are from Uttara Kanda.
There is
a widespread belief that Uttara Kanda is a later addition and it is not
composed by
Valmiki. But if Gayatri Rmayana was thought of by the authour then it must
fulfil the
following conditions. The letters of Gayatri viz. ta, sa, vi, etc. should be
the first
letters of the 1st shloka, 1001st shloka, 2001 st shloka and so on, making the
total
number as 24,000. This including the uttara kanda. Someone has to work out if
this
condition has been adhered to in the Gyatri Ramayana. There are various
versions
of Valmiki Ramayana, some with intrepolations.
I invite comments on this from the learned members.
PKR
Ambujam Raman <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:dhrji:
where is the endnote located? (chapter ?)
I have appended the chapter/verse references to PKR. Ref: Srimad Valmiki
Ramayana Gita Press Gorakhpur.
Needless to say that these shlokas do not summarize Ramayana in any order. It
may be possible to produce hundreds of such combinations using computer search.
rAmaH
----- Original Message -----
From: P.K.Ramakrishnan
To: sanskrit digest
Sent: Friday, February 25, 2005 5:23 AM
Subject: Re: [Sanskrit] rAmAyanaM - gAyatri shlokas
Vikram Santurkar <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: Namaste,
There is a often quoted claim that the letters of gAyatri mantra are embedded
in the first letters of certain chapters in the vAlmIki rAmAyanaM.
Has anyone verified this and if so, post the relevant shlokas?
thanks,
Vikram
As found in the internet.
Gayatri Ramayana
The Valmiki Ramayana contains 24,000 verses. Sage Valmiki has hidden the 24
Beejaaksharas (seed letters) of the sacred Gayatri Mantra in these 24000 verses
(one Beejaakshara per thousand verses). The above collection of 24 verses which
carry the 24 Beejaaksharas is called as Gayatri Ramayana. It is said that by
chanting this everyday, one will acquire the same merit as one acquires by
chanting the entire Ramayana.
Tapassvaadhyaaya niratam tapasvee vaagvidaam varam
Naaradam paripaprachcha vaalmeekir muni pungavam 1 (Bal 1.1)
Sa hatvaa raakshasaan sarvaan yajnaghnaan raghu nandana
Rishibhih poojitah samyak yathendro vijayaa puraa 2 (Bal 30.24)
Vishvaamitrah sa dharmaatmaa shrutvaa janaka bhaashitam
Vatsa raama dhanuh pashya iti raaghavamabraveet 3 (Bal 67.12)
Tushtaavaasya tadaa vamsham pravishya sa vishaam pateh
Shayaneeyam narendrasya tadaasaadya vyatishthata 4 (Ayo 15.19)
Vana vaasam hi sanjaaya vaassamsi aabharanaani cha
Bhartaaram anugachchantyai seetayai shwashuro dadou 5 (Ayo 40.14)
Raajaa satyam cha dharmashcha raajaa kulavataam kulam
Raajaa maataa pitaa chaiva raajaa hitakaro nrinaam 6 (Ayo 67.34)
Nireekshya sa muhoortam tu dadarsha bharato gurum
Utaje raamam aaseenam jataa valkala dhaarinam 7 (Ayo 99.25)
Yadi buddhih kritaa drashtum agastyam tam mahaa munim
Adyaiva gamane buddhim rochayasva mahaa yashah 8 (Ara 11.43)
Bharatasya aarya putrasya shwashroonaam mama cha prabho
Mriga roopam idam vyaktam vismayam janayishyati 9 (Ara 43.18)
Gachcha sheeghram ito rama sugreevam tam mahaa balam
Vayasyam tam kuru kshipramito gatvaadya raaghava 10 (Ara 72.17)
Desha kalou prateekshyasya kshama maamanah priyaa priye
Sukha duhkha sahah kaale sugreeva vashago bhava 11 (Kis 22.20)
Vandyaaste tu tapassidhaah tapanaa veeta kalmashaah
Prashtavyaah chaapi seetaayaah pravrittim vinayaanvitaih 12 (Kis 43.32)
Sa nirjitya pureem shreshthaam lankaam taam kaama roopineem
Vikramena mahaa tejaa hanoomaan maarutaatmajah 13 (Sun 4.1)
Dhanyaa devaah sa gandharvaah siddhaashcha paramarshayah
Mama pashyanti naatham raamam raajeeva lochanam 14 (Sun 26.39)
Mangaalaabhi mukhee tasya saa tadaaseen mahaa kapeh
Upatasthe vishaalaakshee prayataa havya vaahanam 15 (Sun 53.26)
Hitam mahaartham mritu poorva samhitam
Vyateeta kaalaayati sampratikshamama
Vishamya tadvaakyam upasthita jvarah
Prasangavaan uttaram etadabraveet 16 (Yud 10.27)
Dharmaatmaa rakshasaam shreshthah sampraaptoyam vibheeshanah
Lankaishvaryam dhruvam shreemaan ayam praapnotyakantakam 17
(Yud 41.68)
Yo vajrapaataashani sannipaataa-
Nna chukshubhe naapi chachaala raajaa
Sa raama baanaabhihato bhrishaartha-
Shchachaala chaapam muhocha veerah 18 (Yud 59.139)
Yasya vikramamaasaadya raakshasaa nidhanam gataah
Tam manye raaghavam veeram naaraayanam anaamayam 19 (Yud 72.11)
Na te dadrishire raamam dahantam ari vaahineem
Mohitaah paramaastrena gaandharvena mahaatmanaa 20 (Yud 93.26)
Pranamya devataabhyashcha braahmanebhyashcha maithilee
Baddhaanjali putaa chedam uvaachaagni sameepatah 21 (Yud 116.24)
Chalannat parvatendrasya ganaa devaashcha kampitaah
Chachaala paarvatee chaapi tadaashlishtaa maheshvaram 22 (Ut 16.26)
Daaraah putraah puram raashtram bhogaachchaadana bhojanam
Sarvamevaa vibhaktam no bhavishyati hareeshvara 23 (Ut 34.41)
Yaameva raatrim shatrughnah parnashaalaam samaavishat
Taameva raatreem seetaapi prasootaa daaraka dvayam 24 (Ut 66.1)
Idam raamaayanam kritsnam gaayatree beeja samyutam
Trishandhyam yah pathennityam sarva paapaih pramuchyate.
---------------------------------
I have yet to find the sarga, chapter and shloka number of theee verses.
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Message: 2
Date: Sat, 26 Feb 2005 04:34:49 -0800 (PST)
From: Lakshmi Srinivas <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: [Sanskrit] What is the etymology of the word agrahaara?
To: Ambujam Raman <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, "P.K.Ramakrishnan"
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, sanskrit digest <[email protected]>
Message-ID: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
I have been considering this word for a week now. Here are my preliminary
remarks:
Firstly agaram does not seem to mean 'house', 'settlement'. The Madras Tamil
Lexicon glosses it as 'brahman street'. Its first attestation seems to be in
the IDu commentary to the tiruvaymozhi of nammAzvAr (10.9.4) where there is a
statement 'miLagAzvAn2 paTai vITTilE agarattukkuc cella' (ITTin tamizAkkam, vol
10, p. 313). The meaning is unambiguous - it means a street. It does not mean
'important collection of houses'. The further explanation that the temple was
the centrepoint etc is simply not relevant. The proposal from Raman is a deft
handling of the current sense of the word without any reference to the
historical usage of the term. 'Garland of houses' etc is, I'm afraid, simply
fanciful.
There is strong evidence that agaram stems from the same sense as used in the
Mahabharatham viz., that which has "first" obligation to brahmanas. Indeed
literature attests to this usage. For example, cf ARE (Annual Report of
Epigraphy) 267 of 1943-44 has this paragraph
QUOTE
'Inability of the KuDimakkaL (tenants and cultivators) of vAlikaNDapuram to pay
agara viniyogam (the dues distributed among and demanded by the brahmin
landholders) has hindered the worship in the temple and one ilakkaNan took
steps to restore the worship in the 28th year of Rajaraja III (AD 1224).
UNQUOTE
(R. Tirumalai, from Land Grants and Agrarian reactions during Cola and Pandya
times, Madras Univ Publ., p. 135)
Epigraphic evidence also points to usage of a term called 'agara brahmadeya'
(SII Vol XXII - 46) which seems to be a special kind of brahmadeya, i.e., our
'agaram'. Available literature however does not analyze this term in any
detail.
It is significant that the period above matches with that of the IDu commentary
( which was a culmination of a series of commentaries started during Srimad
Ramanujacharya's life). The IDU commentator is said to have lived around
1250-1320 timeframe.
In the old days, there were a variety of land grants to brahmins, not all of
which operated in the same way. For example, devadana grant was one where the
temple owned the land and the brahmins as officers of the temple lived off the
dues to the temple; brahmadeya grants were ones where brahmins owned the land
(having been granted it for proficiency in some treatises and/or scriptures)
which were ekabhoga or not depending on circumstances etc.
Similarly, the agaram village was one where the Brahmins did not own the entire
land in the village but had 'first' right over a portion of the land dues (of
the land they did not own). In this sense it seems identical to the sense of
agrahara in Mahabharatham, as per Sri Ramakrishnan's quote
> The word in the text is "Agrahara," which, as Nilakantha explains, means
> here, "That which
> is first taken from a heap after the dedication of a portion to the
> "Viswadevas." What
> Draupadi means to say is, that she always took care to feed those Brahmanas
> with food
> "first" taken from the stores, without, in fact, having taken anything there
> from the use of
> anybody else."
>From the above, it is evident that an old term was revived to describe a land
>tenurial practice.
Thus the term 'agaram' seems to stem from late Chola land tenure practice. KA
Nilakanta Sastri's monumental treatise Colas, which focuses mostly on the
Imperial Cholas, mentions it only in passing.
Agaram seems to derive from 'agrahara' but the Tamil inscriptions of Cholas do
not use the word 'agraharam'. Only 'agaram' is used. It is possible that
inscriptions in Kerala, Andhra and Karnataka (where the detail part of
inscriptions are sometimes in Sanskrit unlike in Tamilnadu where it is always
in Tamil) use the term 'agrahara'.
Hope this helps,
Lakshmi Srinivas
Ambujam Raman <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
I believe 'agrahAram' is a portmanteau word of mixed origin viz., sanskrit and
tamil. The sanskrit part 'agra' (a^Ng raN (Un 2.28) means first,
foremost,pre-eminent, best etc, the tamil part is 'akaraM' which means house,
settlement etc. Collectively the word means the foremost or important
collection of houses or community. In the olden structure of a village (grAmaH)
in India the temple was the centerpoint and the agraharam was around the temple
literally the first segment.
There is a 'ha' to 'ka' tranformation when words are transcribed from sanskrit
to tamil. In this case the transformation is reverse.
One may also derive the word entirely in sanskrit as 'agra+hAram' meaning the
foremost garland (of houses), but I believe my former derivation makes more
sense since agraharam is a south indian concept.
rAmaH
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