Re: disable GUI/X?

[Toni Mas Soler]

El Wed, 19 Jun 2024 08:47:58 +0200
 va escriure el següent:

> On Wed, Jun 19, 2024 at 04:39:50AM -, David Chmelik wrote:
> > On Tue, 18 Jun 2024 22:39:15 -0400, Felix Miata wrote:
> >   
> > > David Chmelik composed on 2024-06-19 02:24 (UTC):
> > >   
> > >> How can I disable GUI/X for next boot?  I just want to run it
> > >> when I decide as startx/startxfce/etc.  
> > > 
> > > # systemctl get-default [...]  
> 
> > What about in the case I use SysVInit so don't have systemctl?  
> 
> Then you have an /etc/init.d/xdm (or gdm, or..., depending on your
> display manager). And, if you don't feel like managing it manually,
> you have update-rc.d, which comes with a manual page.
> 
> Cheers

Just mv softlinks in /etc/rc*.d/ that begins with uppercase to
lowercase.

In my case, S04lightdm -> s04ligthdm.

But many time ago I removed completely lightdm and any session manager.
If I want X session, I start with xfce4-session, in my case. Thus, I
run X without root privileges.

Re: Having ten thousands of mount bind causes various processes to go into loops

[Toni Mas Soler]

El Fri, 14 Jun 2024 11:30:50 +0200
Julien Petit  va escriure el següent:

> > What processes are CPU hungry?  
> 
> On a vanilla debian 11 : udisksd, gvfs-udisks2-vo, (fstrim), find
> 
> > Perhaps it is not a Debian-specific bug, just more active usage of
> > sandboxing in systemd. If some applications have troubles parsing
> > /proc/mounts then bugs should be filed against them.  
> 
> It seems to happen with all processes accessing mounts. And since
> disabling sandboxing with php fixed the problem for the php process,
> it looks like it is linked to sandboxing.
> 
> > However do you need shared subtrees? It may cause exponential
> > growth of number of moutpoints, see  
> 
> We only use mount bind to share an initial folder with other users
> with different access rights (rw or ro). So we probably don't need
> shared subtrees (as long as mount bind doesn't rely on it). I'm not
> really familiar with subtrees though. In my understanding, it is used
> for chroot or containers and that's something we don't use. When i
> list our mounts, it seems they are by default in shared mode. If the
> default before was "private", it might be why it used to work and it
> stopped.
> I'm gonna test the effect of setting them to private.
> 
> Thanks for your help
> 

Just to learn about it.
What about using acl rather than bind mounts? What should be the
problem in this solution?

Thanks.

Re: NVidia 340 video driver in Bookworm?

[Toni Mas Soler]

El Fri, 07 Jun 2024 14:56:23 -0700
Van Snyder  va escriure el següent:

> On Fri, 2024-06-07 at 22:47 +0200, Hans wrote:
> > Just a hint: Sometimes the nvidia-config module says, you need
> > 340.xx, but this is not always true. My card (with th eolder
> > kernel) was running 390.xx, although th esystem told me, I have to
> > use 340.xx. 390.xx was running like a charm, 340.xx crashed. So it
> > lied.
> > 
> > Sorry, that I can help no further and for the bad news, but do not
> > try too much - I fear, you will fail!  
> 
> So far, this is the best advice, so don't apologize.
> 
> I had assumed that when NVidia said I need 340 that it is undoubtedly
> true. I'll try 390.
> 




Have you tried "nvidia-detect" package? This tells you what driver you
need.

In my machine, I installed nvdia-tesla-470-driver and it works fine.

Re: Boot Errors

[Toni Casueps]

When you get the "invalid argument" error do you see something in the output of 
"dmesg"?
Can you try to mount it from another distro live-USB or from the Debian 
installer rescue mode?

Enviado desde Outlook Mobile


From: Michael Lee 
Sent: Thursday, March 2, 2023 4:30:47 PM
To: debian-user@lists.debian.org 
Subject: Boot Errors

While running the stable branch of 64-bit Debian, rebooted into an
alternative OS, but forgot to unmount a USB device beforhand. Shutdown
was taking too long, so forced it anyway. Now when I try to start
Linux, I get these error messages:

[1.922640] platform gpio_ich.2.auto: failed to claim resource 0:[io
0x0480-0x04ff]
[8.934607] BTRFS error (device sdc2): parent transid verify faild on
176160768 wanted 680981 found 680979
[8.934649] BTRFS error (device sdc2): failed to read block groups 1 - 5
[8.935724] BTRFS error (device sdc2): open_ctree failed
mount: mounting /dev/sdc2 on /root failed: invalid argument
failed to mount /dev/sdc2 as root file system

Then the initramfs command prompt appears. A little hard to find much
on that.

Read in the btrfs wiki that <-o ro,usebackuproot> with the mount
command could help when the "wanted" and "found" numbers were not too
far apart.

mount -t btrfs -o ro,usebackuproot /dev/sdc2
TRIED with: /sysroot
GOT: mount: mounting /dev/sdc2 on /sysroot failed: invalid argument
TRIED with: /
GOT: mount: mounting /dev/sdc2 on / failed: invalid argument
TRIED with: /root
GOT: mount: mounting /dev/sdc2 on /root failed: invalid argument

Is this a GRUB issue, a btrfs issue, or must I reinstall the operating
system, and if so where can I find out which files must be preserved in
order to maintain continuity?

Re: Passwords

[Toni Mas Soler]

You don't need  a live-usb/cd.
If your boot system is grub you only have to change command to exec=/bin/bash

Once you are in your system you can change root password and others.


Toni Mas

Missatge de Stanislav Vlasov  del dia dt., 17
de gen. 2023 a les 7:15:
>
> вт, 17 янв. 2023 г. в 11:01, David :
>
> > I have forgotten my password to a Debian PC using an SD stick as it's
> > main drive.
>
> > Looking on the internet it says the passwords are stored in /etc/passwd
> > and /etc/shadow
>
>  In /etc/shadow only password's hashes, some data, one-way calculated
> from password string.
>
> > The password string in /etc/shadow looks as if it's encoded, how can I
> > read this string?
>
> You can't.
> But you can set new password, if you boot from live-usb/live-cd, mount
> your system to dir and run `chroot dir && passwd $user`
>
> --
> Stanislav
>

Re: update, reboot required?

[Toni Mas Soler]

I restart Dbus from time to time. Actually, I stop Dbus if i don't
need, that is when I do not use X (almost allways).
Do you mean my action is not effective?


Toni Mas

Missatge de piorunz  del dia ds., 19 de març 2022 a les 5:55:
>
> On 19/03/2022 02:32, Lee wrote:
> > How to tell if I need to reboot the machine after updating the software?
>
> install "needrestart" package.
>
> Description: needrestart checks which daemons need to be restarted after
> library upgrades.
>   It is inspired by checkrestart from the debian-goodies package.
>
>   Features:
>- supports (but does not require) systemd
>- binary blacklisting (i.e. display managers)
>- tries to detect required restarts of interpreter based daemons
>  (supports Java, Perl, Python, Ruby)
>- tries to detect required restarts of containers (docker, LXC)
>- tries to detect pending kernel upgrades
>- tries to detect pending microcode upgrades for Intel CPUs
>- could be used as nagios check_command
>- fully integrated into apt/dpkg using hooks
>
> --
> With kindest regards, Piotr.
>
> ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀
> ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system
> ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org/
> ⠈⠳⣄
>

Re: User group "users"

[Toni Mas Soler]

Please, note that's my own criteria.
- Each new user must have their own group to prevent security issues.
- Most of users are per-app users, following (more or less Android methods). So 
only real (login) users are added manually in the GID=100. Thus they can share 
what they want only who then want with no acl complexity.

Toni Mas
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‐‐‐ Original Message ‐‐‐

El divendres, 21 de gener 2022 a les 18:51, Thomas Hochstein  va 
escriure:

> Roberto C. Sánchez schrieb:
> 

> > > > New users have gid 100 set as their primary group by default. So, new
> > > > 

> > > > users are members of the group without having to be added to the group
> > > > 

> > > > in /etc/groups.
> 

> That depends on your configuration.
> 

> | # /etc/adduser.conf: `adduser' configuration. | # See adduser(8) and 
> adduser.conf(5) for full documentation. [...] | # The USERGROUPS variable can 
> be either "yes" or "no". If "yes" each | # created user will be given their 
> own group to use as a default. If | # "no", each created user will be placed 
> in the group whose gid is | # USERS_GID (see below). | USERGROUPS=yes | | # 
> If USERGROUPS is "no", then USERS_GID should be the GID of the group | #` 
> users' (or the equivalent group) on your system.
> 

> | USERS_GID=100
> 

> > Quite right. It seems that I probably made that change a very long time
> > 

> > ago, long enough ago so that it just seemed like the standard
> > 

> > configuration to me.
> 

> > From https://wiki.debian.org/UserPrivateGroups:
> 

> | Debian has been using (creating) user private groups by default almost
> 

> | from the beginning. However, UPGs where not fully enabled on newly
> 

> | installed systems since release 2.2., because the central umask
> 

> | adjustment for UPGs, as configured in /etc/login.defs, was broken with
> 

> | the inclusion of PAM. This feature was only reintroduced with
> 

> | libpam-umask in release 6.0 (Squeeze).
> 

> -thh

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Re: write only storage.

[Toni Mas Soler]

I use to backup my iPhone's photo library using a stfp connection (all in the 
same directory in my PC). Thus, I can chattr +i the only directory needed and 
nobody can remove. 

I cannot understand why chattr does not achieve you.

Toni Mas
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Sent with ProtonMail Secure Email.

‐‐‐ Original Message ‐‐‐

El dimarts, 21 de setembre 2021 a les 17:53, Tim Woodall 
 va escriure:

> I would like to have some WORM memory for my backups. At the moment
> 

> they're copied to an archive machine using a chrooted unprivileged user
> 

> and then moved via a cron job so that that user cannot delete them
> 

> (other than during a short window).
> 

> My though was to use a raspberry-pi4 to provide a USB mass storage
> 

> device that is modified to not permit deleting. If the pi4 is not
> 

> accessible via the network then other than bugs in the mass storage API
> 

> it should be impossible to delete things without physical access to the
> 

> pi.
> 

> Before I start reinventing the wheel, does anyone know of anything
> 

> similar to this already in existence?
> 

> Things like chattr don't achieve what I want as root can still override
> 

> that. I'm looking for something that requires physical access to delete.

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Re: sources.list 's security line

[Toni Mas Soler]

I use de 2n one with no problems.

My sources.list:
deb http://security.debian.org/ stable-security main non-free contrib
deb http://security.debian.org/ oldstable/updates main non-free contrib

Since in http://security.debian.org/dists/stable-security/ there is non-free 
floder, I keep it in my sources.list

Regards,

Toni Mas
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‐‐‐ Original Message ‐‐‐

El dilluns, 6 de setembre 2021 a les 12:42, Brian  va 
escriure:

> On Mon 06 Sep 2021 at 06:53:25 -0300, riveravaldez wrote:
> 

> > Hi,
> > 

> > after reading the various sources of documentation (handbook,
> > 

> > wiki, FAQs, Release Notes, etc.) I think I'm finding myself with
> > 

> > kinda four options for the security line in /etc/apt/sources.list
> > 

> > Those being:
> > 

> > deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main
> > 

> > deb http://security.debian.org bullseye-security main
> > 

> > deb https://deb.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main
> > 

> > deb http://security.debian.org testing/updates main
> 

> The first and the third are legitimate lines. I am unsure about the
> 

> other two, particulary the last one.
> 

> 
> 

> Brian.

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RE: partial freeze when playing 3D games

[Toni Casueps]

I discarded LXDE as a problem as the same happens with KDE

De: Toni Casueps
Enviado: viernes, 23 de julio de 2021 8:39
Para: debian-user@lists.debian.org 
Asunto: partial freeze when playing 3D games


Hi all,


When running 3D games (video players or 2D games work fine), at a random moment 
the image freezes. If I Alt-Tab out of the game window, as shown in the linked 
video below, the Alt-Tab dialog works and it actually switches to the other 
applications but they can't be seen, only their window borders. I can even do 
Alt+F2, type xterm, the application opens and I can type exit and xterm is 
closed. The only thing I can do is go back to text mode with Ctrl+Alt+F1, log 
in and kill the game process, then go back to Alt-F7 and everything works fine 
with the remaining open applications.


I checked Xorg.0.log and other files in /var/log and dmesg, but there is 
nothing there related to the freeze. How can I further debug this?


System: Debian 11 + LXDE, all updates applied


Linux 5.10.0-8-amd64 SMP


VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation TigerLake GT2 [Iris Xe Graphics] 
(rev 01)


https://drive.google.com/file/d/164KJ1zUIgI7oNwIC5V1yhigyLcG1GLA2/view?usp=sharing

RE: partial freeze when playing 3D games

[Toni Casueps]

Hi all,


When running 3D games (video players or 2D games work fine), at a random moment 
the image freezes. If I Alt-Tab out of the game window, as shown in the linked 
video below, the Alt-Tab dialog works and it actually switches to the other 
applications but they can't be seen, only their window borders. I can even do 
Alt+F2, type xterm, the application opens and I can type exit and xterm is 
closed. The only thing I can do is go back to text mode with Ctrl+Alt+F1, log 
in and kill the game process, then go back to Alt-F7 and everything works fine 
with the remaining open applications.


I checked Xorg.0.log and other files in /var/log and dmesg, but there is 
nothing there related to the freeze. How can I further debug this?


System: Debian 11 + LXDE, all updates applied


Linux 5.10.0-8-amd64 SMP


VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation TigerLake GT2 [Iris Xe Graphics] 
(rev 01)


https://drive.google.com/file/d/164KJ1zUIgI7oNwIC5V1yhigyLcG1GLA2/view?usp=sharing

partial freeze when playing 3D games

[Toni Casueps]

Hi all,


When running 3D games (video players or 2D games work fine), at a random moment 
the image freezes. If I Alt-Tab out of the game window, as shown in the linked 
video below, the Alt-Tab dialog works and it actually switches to the other 
applications but they can't be seen, only their window borders. I can even do 
Alt+F2, type xterm, the application opens and I can type exit and xterm is 
closed. The only thing I can do is go back to text mode with Ctrl+Alt+F1, log 
in and kill the game process, then go back to Alt-F7 and everything works fine 
with the remaining open applications.


I checked Xorg.0.log and other files in /var/log and dmesg, but there is 
nothing there related to the freeze. How can I further debug this?


System: Debian 11 + LXDE, all updates applied


Linux 5.10.0-8-amd64 SMP


VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation TigerLake GT2 [Iris Xe Graphics] 
(rev 01)


https://drive.google.com/file/d/164KJ1zUIgI7oNwIC5V1yhigyLcG1GLA2/view?usp=sharing

Re: kernel: perf: interrupt took too long

[Toni Mas Soler]

This is usual on my machine after reboot.
It could be an alert if after some time doing same work you see this message 
again.

https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=187636

Toni Mas
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‐‐‐ Original Message ‐‐‐
En dimarts 25 de maig de 2021 a les 11:17, john doe  va 
escriure:

> On 5/24/2021 5:55 AM, Richard Hector wrote:
> 

> > Hi all,
> > I see messages like this frequently for a day or two after rebooting a
> > particularly slow old machine (Atom-based HP thin client, running as an
> > OpenVPN endpoint):
> > May 23 05:36:37 ovpn kernel: [14268.392418] perf: interrupt took too
> > long (4020 > 3996), lowering kernel.perf_event_max_sample_rate to 49750
> > Would it be a good idea to set this value at boot time, rather than
> > waiting for it to auto-adjust down till it settles?
> > Actually I don't know if it's because the machine is slow; it's just the
> > only machine I see this on.
> 

> At the time I've looked at this, I came to the conclusion that a cure
> was worse than the illness.
> 

> 
> 

> John Doe



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Re: rsync to NAS for backup

[Toni Mas Soler]

Is there an alternative if you want an incremental backup?

Obviously you could use tar-ed archives with unprivileged permissions. If you 
did, you would get a huge network overhead.

thks


Toni Mas
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Sent with ProtonMail Secure Email.

‐‐‐ Original Message ‐‐‐
En dissabte 13 de febrer de 2021 a les 13:50, didier gaumet 
 va escriure:

> Hello,
> 

> Disclaimer: I do not use and am not familiar with Sinology hardware and
> software and generally speaking, I am not knowledgeable in networking
> 

> I would say that:
> 

> -   the owner:group names of a file on the PC you backup and the
> owner:group names of the backup files on the synology files might be
> different, even if you try to maintain ownership and rights. What really
> counts here are owner:group identifiers (UID:GID). Bob_user:Bob_group on
> your PC might equate to Alice_user:John_group on your NAS. Upon
> restoration that would be reversed to Bob_user:Bob_group.
> That would be typical without something like a LDAP server.
> 

> -   SSH root login seems to be discouraged for security reasons. Sinology
> probably adhere to this principle and the appropriate way to do what you
> want would probably be to access a shell on the Synology software to
> issue a sudo or su -c command.
> 

> -   editing /etc/sudoers is generally done via the visudo command
> -   if that is of interest to you, there is a way to install Debian in
> chroot on your NAS
>



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Re: Allow only selected USB

[Toni Mas Soler]

Alternatively, if you run udev, you can add new rule.
Fixed: /etc/udev/rules.d
Volatile: /run/udev/rules.d

I believe this example is autoexplained:
  8 # Do not use this rule if I'm not a USB
  9 SUBSYSTEM!="usb", GOTO="usbgend"
 10 # Only verify on plugin
 11 ACTION=="remove", GOTO="usbgend"
 12
 13 # Select what you want accept by one attributes
 22 SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ACTION=="add", ATTRS{manufacturer}=="PixArt", 
ATTRS{product}=="USB Optical Mouse", \
 23   ATTRS{idVendor}=="0AEa", ATTRS{idProduct}=="2EE0", 
ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="00", ATTR{authorized}="1", GOTO="usbgend"
 24
 25 # Select what you want accept by other attributes
 30 ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0124", 
ATTRS{idProduct}=="4312", ATTR{authorized}="1", GOTO="usbgend"
 31
 35 # Deactivate other USBs
 36 SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ACTION=="add", ATTR{authorized}="0"
 37
 38 LABEL="usbgend"

 Regards,

Toni Mas
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‐‐‐ Original Message ‐‐‐
En dimarts 9 de febrer de 2021 a les 23:31, Bhasker C V  
va escriure:

> Fantastic ! thanks a ton ! thanks !  exactly what i was looking for
> 

> On Tue, Feb 9, 2021 at 7:43 PM  wrote:
> 

> > Hi,
> > 

> > 9 févr. 2021, 19:44 de mailingl...@darac.org.uk:
> > 

> > > Certainly. > https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/usb/authorization.html
> > >
> > + https://usbguard.github.io based on it.
> > 

> > Best regards,
> > l0f4r0

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Re: RAID installation at boot questions

[Toni Mas Soler]

I have more or less the same configuration. I am a no-systemd user
(yet?) so I cannot show you the full example.
You could verify:
- Is there a mdraid1x module  in your grub menu entry?
- If I not wrong you made your RAID by mdadm metadata version 1.2. I
think in this version metadata is located at first blocks, on the
other hand, version 1.0 places at the end blocks. Somewhere out there
I read blootable partitions could not use 1.2 metadata version. Thus,
for a bootable (and EFI, if exists) partition must be build in
metadata version 1.0. I did and it works. This you could solve your
problem.

To force a specific metadata version, I used:
mdadm --create --metadata=1.0 --verbose /dev/md2

Toni Mas

Missatge de Charles Curley  del dia
ds., 14 de nov. 2020 a les 20:40:
>
> On Sat, 14 Nov 2020 08:12:41 +0100
> john doe  wrote:
>
> > >
> > > What do I do to automate that?
> > >
> >
> >
> >
> > Is your '/etc/crypttab' file properly populated?
>
> Well, I thought it was
>
> At first I got the UUID for the RAID device, /dev/md0:
>
> root@hawk:~# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
> /dev/md0:
>Version : 1.2
>  Creation Time : Thu Nov 12 12:06:28 2020
> Raid Level : raid1
> Array Size : 3906884416 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
>  Used Dev Size : 3906884416 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
>   Raid Devices : 2
>  Total Devices : 2
>Persistence : Superblock is persistent
>
>  Intent Bitmap : Internal
>
>Update Time : Sat Nov 14 11:52:39 2020
>  State : clean
> Active Devices : 2
>Working Devices : 2
> Failed Devices : 0
>  Spare Devices : 0
>
> Consistency Policy : bitmap
>
>   Name : hawk:0  (local to host hawk)
>   UUID : 0d3ec9c1:2bc5b3e8:24a27283:c0cad01b
> Events : 12270
>
> Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
>0   8   330  active sync   /dev/sdc1
>1   8   491  active sync   /dev/sdd1
> root@hawk:~#
>
> and set that up as a line in /etc/crypttab:
>
> encryptedRaid UUID=0d3ec9c1-2bc5-b3e8-24a2-7283c0cad01b none luks
>
> Didn't work, and gave a 90 second timeout.
>
> Note that the UUID in crypttab is re-formatted to agree with the other
> UUIDs in that file, dashes rather than colons. Is that relevant?
>
> Or (afterthought here) did I give it the wrong UUID?
>
> root@hawk:~# ll /dev/disk/by-uuid/
> total 0
> drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 300 Nov 14 11:52 ./
> drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 160 Nov 14 11:51 ../
> lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  10 Nov 14 11:52 343ed59e-ae41-4733-8277-f1b77de67479 
> -> ../../sda5
> lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  10 Nov 14 11:52 52be92ca-795f-46ef-9c52-074fceedc53c 
> -> ../../dm-1
> lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   9 Nov 14 11:52 57de8169-da6c-4952-b6ac-25e6c87dbf1a 
> -> ../../md0
> ...
> root@hawk:~#
>
> Anyway, I tried it by device name, and that worked.
>
> encryptedRaid /dev/md0 none luks
>
> Useful tip: that worked without a prompt because I gave /dev/md0's
> encryption the same passphrase I gave the other encrypted partitions.
>
> This also works:
>
> encryptedRaid /dev/md0 /root/raid.encrypt.password.txt luks
>
>
> --
> Does anybody read signatures any more?
>
> https://charlescurley.com
> https://charlescurley.com/blog/
>

Re: ssh session times out annoyingly fast, why?

[Toni Mas Soler]

First, you should be sure it is not a network issue.
You could open a terminal and run, for example, top program. This
avoid any timeout configured. If this does not work, you should follow
for a network issue, otherwise we can see sshd's config file.

Toni Mas

Missatge de Britton Kerin  del dia dt., 22 de
set. 2020 a les 1:38:
>
> I'm using ssh from a debian box to a rasberry pi (sorta debian also :).
>
> For some reason ssh sessions seem to time out pretty quickly.  I've
> tried setting ClientAliveInterval and ClientAliveCountMax and also
> ServerAliveInterval  and ServerAliveCountMax, but it doesn't seem to
> make any difference.  Is there some other setting somewhere that
> affects this?
>
> Thanks,
> Britton
>

Re: Question on 'dpkg --get-selections'

[Toni Mas Soler]

I do this job using aptitude instead apt:
/usr/bin/aptitude search '~i !~M' -F '%p' --disable-columns

Toni Mas

Missatge de Sven Joachim  del dia ds., 12 de set.
2020 a les 9:29:
>
> On 2020-09-11 22:03 -0700, Marc Shapiro wrote:
>
> > Is there any option to have 'dpkg --get-selections' NOT include
> > automatically installed packages?
>
> No, dpkg has no notion of automatically installed packages, that is an
> apt concept.
>
> > Otherwise, all packages show as manually installed, including those
> > that would otherwise have been automatically installed.
>
> You can obtain a list of automatically installed packages with
> apt-mark(1):
>
> $ apt-mark showauto > automatically-installed-packages
>
> Then, on the replicated system where you presumably had used
> "dpkg --set-selections" to install the same set of packages:
>
> # apt-mark auto $(cat automatically-installed-packages)
>
> HTH,
> Sven
>

Multiple issues with LXDE/LightDM after upgrading to Debian 10

[Toni Casueps]

None of these issues happened on Debian 9, and they seem related, so I'm 
thinking that they may be caused by some single change or misconfiguration. 
Graphics drivers seem to be fine, as 2D and 3D acceleration both work perfectly:

  *   When the PC is at sleep state, after waking up, the monitor shows "no 
signal", and moving the mouse or pressing keys does not work. Only Ctrl+Alt+F1 
works, it goes to text mode where the monitor gets signal, and then Ctrl+Alt+F7 
works fine and shows the graphical session. This does not happen with normal 
boot from shutdown
  *   Sometimes (very randomly) after correctly logging in and the desktop 
shows up, after 1 second or so it goes back to the login screen, I log in again 
and then it works fine (the session is not lost in this case, programs are 
still there)
  *   If there is a TV connected to the HDMI port, after waking up from 
suspend, the session is lost, it creates a new desktop session with no 
programs, and after opening those programs they report they crashed and prompt 
the user to try to recover documents or browser tabs
  *   If the laptop display is turned off so as to only use the external one, 
then I shut down or suspend the PC, disconnect the external display and try to 
use the laptop somewhere else without an external monitor, the laptop display 
is blank for X sessions, only text mode works. I managed to turn the laptop 
display on with xrandr, but I think it should fallback to the internal display 
when it's the only one available

Are these related to Debian, LXDE, Openbox or LightDM?
Thanks

Re: add 2FA to ssh

[Toni Mas Soler]

I think 2FA first is better. Thus you don't have to type your password
if you have a wrong 2FA.

Toni Mas

Missatge de Pòl Hallen  del dia dj., 13 d’ag.
2020 a les 13:38:
>
> Hi folks :)
>
>
> what it better with 2FA: at ssh login request first 2FA authentication
> next ssh password or viceversa?
>
> thanks!
>
> Pol
>

Re: copy/paste in vim (in terminal)

[Toni Mas Soler]

Open your file using vi -C <>
That works fine for me.

Then you can alias vi as vi -C using "alias vi='vi -C'"

Toni Mas

Missatge de Greg Wooledge  del dia dt., 11 d’ag.
2020 a les 13:57:
>
> On Tue, Aug 11, 2020 at 09:05:06AM +0200, Miguel A. Vallejo wrote:
> > Richard Hector () wrote
> >
> > I used to be able to use my mouse to select/paste 'normally' (for X),
> > > when using vim in a terminal. More recently (a few years?), it doesn't
> > > seem to work.
> >
> > Yes, since a few years(?) you must use shift and the mouse for copy / paste
> > in vim using Debian's default configuration.
>
> This changed in stretch, and I've documented it on the wiki, although I
> was a bit late in doing so.
>
> https://wiki.debian.org/NewInStretch#Changes
>

Chromium randomly crashes

[Toni Casueps]

Not sure if I should report this to Chromium or to Debian, but I guess that 
packaging a new Chromium version could fix the problem
I updated (on Debian 10) to 83.0.4103.116-1~deb10u2 and after some minutes it 
crashes giving this log. It's difficult to tell when it happens as it's really 
random, just reading a page and scrolling down, the window disappears and the 
process ends, it could be after 2, 5, 10 minutes... totally random:


Received signal 11 SEGV_MAPERR 7f018c158b47
#0 0x56027fcbe469 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x51f9468)
#1 0x56027fc1c193 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x5157192)
#2 0x56027fcbdff1 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x51f8ff0)
#3 0x7ff8b3e48730 (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.28.so+0x1272f)
#4 0x7ff8add51d48 (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.28.so+0x7fd47)
#5 0x7ff8add54a58 (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.28.so+0x82a57)
#6 0x7ff8add5656a __libc_malloc
#7 0x56027fcd5bee operator new()
#8 0x7ff8adfcb3cd std::__cxx11::basic_string<>::reserve()
#9 0x7ff8adfbf845 std::__cxx11::basic_stringbuf<>::overflow()
#10 0x7ff8adfc99cb std::basic_streambuf<>::xsputn()
#11 0x7ff8adfbab34 std::__ostream_insert<>()
#12 0x56027fcbe7b9 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x51f97b8)
#13 0x56027fcbe844 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x51f9843)
#14 0x56027fc2e9d2 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x51699d1)
#15 0x56027fc30b1e (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x516bb1d)
#16 0x56027e39962a (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x38d4629)
#17 0x56027e39967e (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x38d467d)
#18 0x56027da3f98f (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x2f7a98e)
#19 0x56027e353559 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x388e558)
#20 0x56027e35379e (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x388e79d)
#21 0x56027e39ce67 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x38d7e66)
#22 0x56027e3c8ac2 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x3903ac1)
#23 0x56027e3c8d7e (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x3903d7d)
#24 0x56027e39963f (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x38d463e)
#25 0x56027e39967e (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x38d467d)
#26 0x56027da3f98f (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x2f7a98e)
#27 0x56027dcf6f53 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x3231f52)
#28 0x56027e021e22 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x355ce21)
#29 0x56027fdf1aff (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x532cafe)
#30 0x56027fdf8274 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x5333273)
#31 0x56027fdf616d (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x533116c)
#32 0x56027fdf4e2c (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x532fe2b)
#33 0x56027fded913 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x5328912)
#34 0x56027fe0977b (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x534477a)
#35 0x56027fe09a41 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x5344a40)
#36 0x56027fe09040 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x534403f)
#37 0x56027dcdfe26 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x321ae25)
#38 0x56027dcdf94c (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x321a94b)
#39 0x56027dcdbd51 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x3216d50)
#40 0x56027dcd261b (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x320d61a)
#41 0x56027dcc4f1b (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x31fff1a)
#42 0x56027dcc4c03 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x31ffc02)
#43 0x56027dce39a6 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x321e9a5)
#44 0x56027fcdb28a (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x5216289)
#45 0x7ff8b22619ba (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libevent-2.1.so.6.0.2+0x229b9)
#46 0x7ff8b2262537 event_base_loop
#47 0x56027fcdb510 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x521650f)
#48 0x56027fc7ac05 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x51b5c04)
#49 0x56027fc52a1d (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x518da1c)
#50 0x56027dfbdd93 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x34f8d92)
#51 0x56027fc913f7 (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x51cc3f6)
#52 0x56027fcce0ce (/usr/lib/chromium/chromium+0x52090cd)
#53 0x7ff8b3e3dfa3 start_thread
#54 0x7ff8addcb4cf clone
  r8: 0041  r9: 7ff88c30 r10: 7ff88cd991a0 r11: 
7ff88c80
 r12: 7ff88ce1dc20 r13: 0021 r14: 7ff88c20 r15: 
0041
  di: 7ff88c20  si: 0081  bp: 7f018c158b3f  bx: 

  dx: 0080  ax: 7f018c158b3f  cx: 7ff88cfe0770  sp: 
7ff896ff98c0
  ip: 7ff8add51d48 efl: 00010206 cgf: 002b0033 erf: 
0004
 trp: 000e msk:  cr2: 7f018c158b47
[end of stack trace]
Calling _exit(1). Core file will not be generated.

Re: Buster without systemd?

[Toni Mas]

I did. I just did not use "full-upgrade" option. I upgraded package by
package resolving all dependencies and I had to install elogind but it
is not needed to start X system. It was just for dependencies.

Please, could you explain the race of conditions risk race?

Thanks.

Toni Mas

Missatge de Renato Gallo  del dia dl., 23 de
març 2020 a les 9:06:
>
>
> linux without systemd = race condition risks = why in hell anyone would want 
> to do it ?
>
> - Messaggio originale -
> Da: "Felix Miata" 
> A: "debian-user" 
> Inviato: Lunedì, 23 marzo 2020 8:08:28
> Oggetto: Re: Buster without systemd?
>
> Marc Shapiro composed on 2020-03-22 18:21 (UTC-0700):
>
> > after 21 to 22 years of using
> > Debian (since Bo), do I have to switch to another linux distro?
>
> AFAIK, no one has ever died as a consequence of using an OS with systemd. So, 
> no,
> you don't "have to" switch to another distro. You can do as most have done, 
> fondly
> or not so fondly remember sysvinit, and accept the change, whether for better 
> or
> worse.
>
> OTOH, would switching to Devuan really be "switching" to another distro? 
> That's
> like "switching" to any of the zillion distros based on Debian that include 
> Debian
> repos in sources.list. They're mostly Debian but with different defaults,
> different far more the interface than the guts that make Debian debian.
> --
> Evolution as taught in public schools is religion, not science.
>
>  Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks!
>
> Felix Miata  ***  http://fm.no-ip.com/
>

Debian installer puts GRUB on main disk without asking

[Toni Casueps]

Hi all,

I wanted to install a Debian Linux system (with LUKS) on the remaining space 
left by a Windows 10 install (with BitLocker and Secure Boot), without messing 
with the Windows boot or the main disk (nvme0n1 below) boot sector . As I 
needed an unencrypted filesystem to put the Linux kernel+initrd and also the 
boot loader, I decided to use a 1 GB pendrive (sda below) for both things

This is how the Debian partition manager looked like (I guess that 'B' means 
boot, but I don't know if that implies that GRUB is going to be installed to 
the main disk...):

Encrypted volume (nvm0n1p4_crypt) - 104.8 GB Linux device-mapper (crypt)
#1  104.8 GBf   ext4/
/dev/nvme0n1 - 512.1 GB
1.0 MB  FREE SPACE
#1  536.9 MB   BK   ESP EFI system partition
#2  134.2 MBMicrosoft reserved partition
#3  406.6 GBBasic data partition
#4  104.9 GBK   crypto  d10root (nvme0n1p4_crypt)
335.4 KBFREE SPACE
SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda) - 1.0 GB Mass Storage Device
#1 primary  1.0 GB BF   ext4/boot


Later at the boot loader part, it didn't ask if/where to install GRUB. There 
was some message about probing or detecting partitions and at Alt+F4 screen I 
saw something like "grub dummy" but I can't remember exactly what the command 
was. Then it started installing packages

After completing the installation and rebooting, if the pendrive is not 
inserted I see a GRUB screen, which is what I was trying to avoid, and also it 
can't boot Windows or Linux ("minimal BASH like line editing is supported" 
message). If the pendrive is inserted GRUB works fine.

Linux boots fine but Windows' BitLocker didn't like it and wouldn't boot, it 
asked for the BitLocker recovery key, then it "fixed" the boot. After that fix, 
and rebooting, both Linux and Windows boot fine.

For the next time, what would be the correct settings to install both GRUB+boot 
files on the pendrive and not touching the main disk boot at all, or as an 
alternative, install both GRUB+boot files on the main disk and not need the 
pendrive to boot? Or even not using GRUB and just using EFI boot manager?

Thanks

Re: hdd partition alignment parted vs fdisk, partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary, parted bug?

[Toni Mas]

I could be an offset defined.
Could you post following files?

/sys/block/sdd/queue/optimal_io_size
/sys/block/sdd/queue/minimum_io_size
/sys/block/sdd/alignment_offset
/sys/block/sdd/queue/physical_block_size
/sys/block/sdd/queue/logical_block_size






Toni Mas

Missatge de Sergey Spiridonov  del dia dc., 4 de des.
2019 a les 13:30:
>
> Hi all
>
> I am trying to partition 14TB HDD and get the following problem with an
> alignment:
>
> # hdparam -I /dev/sdd tells that
>
> Logical  Sector size:   512 bytes
> Physical Sector size:  4096 bytes
>
>
> # parted -a opt /dev/sdd
>
> (parted) mkpart primary 0% 100%
> ...
>
> (parted) print
>
> Number  Start   End SizeFile system  Name Flags
>  1  33,6MB  14,0TB  14,0TB   primary
>
> Now checking alignment:
>
> (parted) align-check opt
> 1 1 aligned
>
>
> So far, so good. Now let's look at the same disk with fdisk:
>
> # fdisk /dev/sdd
>
> : p
>
> Disk /dev/sdd: 12,8 TiB, 14000519643136 bytes, 27344764928 sectors
> Disk model: IB-366StU3+B
> Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
> Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
> I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 33553920 bytes
> Disklabel type: gpt
> Disk identifier: 82DD924B-BF0E-40FF-9037-1FD4E7307D26
>
> Device Start End Sectors  Size Type
> /dev/sdd1  65535 27344740889 27344675355 12,8T Linux filesystem
>
> Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
>
>
> What? Why?
>
>
> man parted tells that
>
>optimal
>   Use optimum alignment as given by the disk
>   topology  in‐ formation.  This  aligns  to  a
>   multiple of the physical block size in a way that
>   guarantees optimal performance
>
>
> 1. Probably parted detected physical sector size as 512
> instead of 4096? Why?
>
> 2. Even if parted thinks that physical sector is 512 instead of
> 4096, why start from 65535 and not from 65536? What is the logic
> behind? How using odd multiplier can improve performance?
>
> Is it a bug in parted or I am missing something?
> --
> Best regards, Sergey Spiridonov
>
>
>

Re: apt pinning: find out from which system version is a package

[Toni Mas]

apt-show-versions script are useful as well.
apt-show-versions is a package itself.


Toni Mas

Missatge de Francisco M Neto  del dia dl., 29
d’abr. 2019 a les 23:10:
>
> Greetings!
>
>
> On Mon, 2019-04-29 at 05:30 +0200, Emanuel Berg wrote:
> > But is there a way to find out/confirm from
> > which release is a certain pack?
>
> You're looking for apt-cache policy.
>
> Example:
>
> ==
>
> $ apt-cache policy gnome-core
> gnome-core:
>   Installed: 1:3.30+1
>   Candidate: 1:3.30+1
>   Version table:
>  *** 1:3.30+1 900
> 900 http://sft.if.usp.br/debian buster/main amd64 Packages
> 800 http://sft.if.usp.br/debian sid/main amd64 Packages
> 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
>  1:3.22+3 400
> 400 http://sft.if.usp.br/debian stretch/main amd64 Packages
>
> ==
>
>
> --
> []'s,
>
> Francisco M Neto 
>
> GPG: 4096R/D692FBF0

Re: USB hard drives -- recommendations?

[Toni Mas i Soler]

I bought "Seagate Expansion STEA3000400" to plug in to a Raspberry PI 3. It
don't need extra power suply. I use to backup my data.

Toni Mas


Missatge de local10  del dia dg., 3 de febr. 2019 a
les 1:20:

> On 1/25/19 9:24 AM, James H. H. Lampert wrote:
>
> >> Fellow List members:
> >>
> >> Would anybody care to voice an opinion on USB external hard drives in
> the 2 terabyte size range, for automated backup purposes?
> >>
>
>
> You may want to consider buying an USB HDD enclosure/cradle, like this
> one[1] for example, they are cheap and would allow you to use a regular
> internal HDD as a USB drive. I use similar scheme for my own backups, it
> works reasonably well.
>
> Regards,
>
>
> [1] - https://www.ebay.com/itm/253631205544 <
> https://www.ebay.com/itm/253631205544>
>
>

Re: gnats user

[Toni Mas i Soler]

I removed it yesterday, too.

No problems at the moment.

Toni Mas

2018-03-07 20:13 GMT+01:00 :

> On Wednesday, March 07, 2018 01:16:06 AM Reco wrote:
> > Along with other uid<100 users, 'gnats' is there for a long time,
> > nobody's sure what will break if it's removed from passwd(5),
>
> Wow!  (I am not the OP, but that is disappointing (but not surprising, I
> suspect the same or similar about other things buried in Linux one place or
> another) and scary.
>
> > and it's
> > not that someone will use uid=41 for anything else.
>
>

Re: Q: RAID1 and chunk size

[Toni Mas i Soler]

I think it has no mean in RAID1 mode. It is used in RAID0,4,5,6,10 modes.

You can see in man mdadm.



Toni Mas

2018-03-07 23:06 GMT+01:00 Darac Marjal :

>
>
> On 07/03/18 21:13, Steve Keller wrote:
> > I have a RAID1 array with 2 disks (/dev/sda1 and /dev/sdb1) of 2 TB
> > each.  By running mdadm -X /dev/sda1 I see that the chunk size is 64 MB:
> >
> > # mdadm -X /dev/sda1
> > Filename : /dev/sda1
> > Magic : 6d746962
> > Version : 4
> > UUID : 300551ed:f6690dfb:1c939898:af5509c6
> > Events : 257
> > Events Cleared : 257
> > State : OK
> > Chunksize : 64 MB
> > Daemon : 5s flush period
> > Write Mode : Normal
> > Sync Size : 1953381376 (1862.89 GiB 2000.26 GB)
> > Bitmap : 29807 bits (chunks), 2 dirty (0.0%)
> >
> > What exactly does the chunk sized mean?  My question is how reads and
> > writes on an array are done.  Will the kernel always read or write a
> > complete chunk?  If so, does that mean that writing a single 4 KB
> > block to a file system will cause a 64 MB read, i.e one chunk, change
> > the 4 KB block in that chunk and write back the 64 MB chunk?
>
> Yes, my understanding is that chunk size is the size of area upon which
> parity is calculated, or the size of data which is allocated before
> moving onto the next drive etc.
>
> My guess, though, is that there is a balance to be struck. Yes, if the
> chunk size is small, then there is very little write amplification. But
> if the chunk size is too small, then you need to wait for that chunk to
> pass the read-write head again, you need to be switching between sectors
> very often etc. With a bigger chunk, you can take better advantage of
> caching. These days, 64Mb is a relatively small amount to pull into a
> buffer, it can be pulled in, modified and rewritten virtually
> instantanously.
>
> There's a nice article on the effect of different chunk sizes here:
> http://louwrentius.com/linux-raid-level-and-chunk-size-the-benchmarks.html
>
> >
> > Wouldn't that mean a massive performance problem?
> >
> > Steve
> >
>
>
>

Anyone ever tried a downgrade?

[Toni S]

Hi folks,

I have lenny running on a headless virtual server being hosted by a
small hosting provider and now I'd like to upgrade to squeeze. The box
does not serve any commercial purpose, but it does handle a portion of
my private email traffic. So I'd like the system not being down for
more than 12 hours.

In case of any service failures after doing 'sudo aptitude safe-
upgrade' I'd like to know some methods to smoothly revert to my
current installation.
Best would probably be to ask my hosting provider to make a disk
snapshot / disk image, but I'd like to know if there are other
possibilities. What's your experience? Did you try out something of
these:

- Using undo mechanism of aptitude (how does this work?)
- using 'dpkg-get-selections >currentstate.txt' and 'dpkg-set-
selections http://lists.debian.org/60845c41-9e71-4249-8cfa-4192e5be7...@i3g2000vby.googlegroups.com

Looking for a watchdog for background processes and files

[Toni S]

Hi all,

I am looking for a debian package, which can do the following:

- supervision of other background processes
- taking actions when the other background process dies (i.e.
restarting, starting recovery procedures, sending email, etc ... )

Is there another package doing similar things for files:
- supervising whether a specific file exists
- taking action when file is deleted

I know all this can be solved by writing small (or large)
shellscripts, but I'd like to know whether there are useful existing
packages.

Thanks for any help


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Re: Intel policy wrt OSS [was: Re: cvs.openbsd.org: src]

[Toni Mueller]

Hi,

On Sat, 30.09.2006 at 12:43:00 +0200, Maxim Bourmistrov <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 
wrote:
> Why don't ignore them and don't buy their products?

this is easier said than done.

> I have already a list of vendors I'm not buying products from anymore,
> like Adaptec.

I also have such a list which eg. includes D-Link.

Wasn't there a site that named no-go vendors? Is it feasible to have
such a site w/o being buried in cease-and-desist letters (and
lawsuits)?

> I'm also encouraging people to buy products from OpenSource-friendly
> vendors, like RaLink.

That's also what I do, but this doesn't extend well into corporate
usage where people often purchase quantities of higher-priced hardware
and then realize only afterwards that the stuff doesn't work correctly.
OTOH, they want some vendor who can "support" their products, not Joe's
Garage who might go bust the next week, or hit a roadside tree.

I already had such a case where the planned OpenBSD usage had to be
changed to Linux because of hardware support. In the future, if this
trend continues, this might mean only
some-corporate-non-open-linux-with-binaries (NVidia, Intel, ATI, IBM
and some others come to mind), not to speak of *BSD.

So, we still need to convince more vendors to do the right thing, and
support things like opencores.org or the F-CPU project, if possible.

> > These issues affects ALL open operating systems, tell Intel you want
> > them to  change their policies, tell them you aren't happy.  It's your
> > money why should they get to screw you around by not supporting their
> > products?

Fully agreed!


Best,
--Toni++


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Apache default install not enough for multiple domains/users

[Toni Agudo]

I want to enable some friends of mine to host their web pages on my
woody server. It has Apache LAMP running in great shape and it suits my
Web page just fine. The Problem that I have now is, that the apache user
is www-data. Well, I guessed I could just change the user permissions on
the /var/www/ directories to the respective user names,
but that doesnt do the trick, because then, all write permissions for
cgi scripts for these diretories are gone, as they no longer belong to
www-data.

Nevertheless I just want my friends to stop go poking around in foreign
web sites, and at the same time have access to perl/php scripting.Where
do I go from here? I am not a particularly guru-like administrator, so I
am a bit afraid of using setuid. After all I do not even know, if that
would do the trick.

All help is appreciated.

P.S.: I googled quite thoroughly, but couldn't get anywhere near my
problem. Maybe I just used the wrong words, because I can't believe I am
the only one with this problem ;-)

Yours Truly,
Toni


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Re: VMWare

[Toni Agudo]

> I have a problem about Debian in VMware,
> graphical sytem does not run. I tried a lot of screen config on
> XF86Config file but noting change. 

That sounds like you need to install the VMWare Drivers for Linux. I
don't know how VMWare accomplishes that, as it has been a long time
since I have touched VMWare, but I remember that you have to insert a
virtual disk (This is perfectly documented in the manual BTW) and
perform some steps to install a virtual driver for VMWare. HTH

Yours Truly,
Toni


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Suppress "You have new email."

[Toni Agudo]

How do I suppress these ubiquitous messages that pop up on my
shell,saying "You have new email." everytime exim receives a new email?
I will check my emails later anyway, so all this message does is unnerve
me. I am subscribed to a good dozen lists, so I get this message every
two seconds. Please, don't tell me I have to recompile half of my system
for that ;-)

Your help would be greatly appreciated.

Yours Truly,
Toni



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Re: Please Help Pass W3C Patent Policy

[Toni Mueller]

Hi,

On Tue, Dec 31, 2002 at 04:09:32PM +0100, Marcelo E. Magallon wrote:
> With respect to a Recommendation developed under this policy, a W3C
> Royalty-Free license shall mean a non-assignable, non-sublicensable
> license to make, have made, use, sell, have sold, offer to sell,
> import, and distribute and dispose of implementations of the
> Recommendation that:
> 
> [...]
> 
> 3. may be limited to implementations of the Recommendation, and
>to what is required by the Recommendation;

before having read the whole draft:

To me this passage implies that the new policy allows for patents
to go into a standard that would only shift the battlefield by
restricting Open Source implementations of those standards to the
required parts while being forced to leave out the optional parts
a standard may have unless you want to fall under those royalty
claims.

Is this an oversight, am I just reading it wrong, or what the heck
should agreeing to such a clause buy us? I just expect new standards
under this rule to have lots of optional features and a two class
system of applications which only conform to the minimal set, and
those which implement the "full" standard.


Best,
--Toni++


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where would cu be?

[Toni Janz]

Anyone know what package contains the 'cu' utility?
as in the 'cu -l /dev/ttyS1 -s 19200 -e' command.

I have been having the damndest time finding it.

thanks in advance.
Toni


pgpehub5FhN5P.pgp
Description: PGP signature

Soundconfig and a mixed up user.

[Toni Janz]

I downloaded the files for esdxxx2.22-2 and installed them replacing my
2.17-7 stuff because I wanted the latest release. But every time i try
and play something with xmms (using the esd plugin) I get pops and
clicks and no music. I think its a irq conflict or something similar but
I know not how to define the irq/interrupts when loading the kernel
modules.

Note: I did not have the 2.17-7 drivers working before.

Here is what the modules look like: 

sb 33428   1 (autoclean)
uart401 6128   1 (autoclean) [sb]
softoss2   56856   1
sound  57528   0 [sb uart401 softoss2]
soundcore   2628   5 [sb sound]
soundlow 416   0 [sound]
lockd  31112   1 (autoclean)
sunrpc 52388   1 (autoclean) [lockd]
serial 19532   0 (autoclean)
3c59x  19584   1
st 24200   0 (unused)
sg 15288   0 (unused)
unix   10180  39 (autoclean)

Interrupts:

   CPU0   
  0: 417539  XT-PIC  timer
  1:   7782  XT-PIC  keyboard
  2:  0  XT-PIC  cascade
  3:  30960  XT-PIC  aic7xxx
  4:   1295  XT-PIC  eth0
  5:  0  XT-PIC  soundblaster
  8:  1  XT-PIC  rtc
 12:  49916  XT-PIC  PS/2 Mouse
 13:  1  XT-PIC  fpu
 14:  6  XT-PIC  ide0
NMI:  0

Irq's:
   CPU0   
  0: 421252  XT-PIC  timer
  1:   8015  XT-PIC  keyboard
  2:  0  XT-PIC  cascade
  3:  30976  XT-PIC  aic7xxx
  4:   1295  XT-PIC  eth0
  5:  0  XT-PIC  soundblaster
  8:  1  XT-PIC  rtc
 12:  50040  XT-PIC  PS/2 Mouse
 13:  1  XT-PIC  fpu
 14:  6  XT-PIC  ide0
NMI:  0

catting /proc/sound yields:

OSS/Free:3.8s2++-971130
Load type: Driver loaded as a module
Kernel: Linux Shag-Tobacco 2.2.17 #1 Sat Sep 9 12:42:22 EST 2000 i686
Config options: 0

Installed drivers: 

Card config: 

Audio devices:
0: Sound Blaster 16 (4.16) (DUPLEX)

Synth devices:
0: SoftOSS

Midi devices:

Timers:
0: System clock
1: SoftOSS

Mixers:
0: Sound Blaster

FYI:
Soundcard=SoundBlaster AWE 64
Kernel=2.2.17
Debian Release=testing/woody

Thanks in advance
Egg


pgpzHaISzW6cq.pgp
Description: PGP signature

How to interrupt the boot process?

[Toni Mueller]

Hello all,

I just made a *BIG* mistake on my Debian Linux box resulting in not being
able to boot that machine anymore... Some problems with lilo and a custom
kernel not finding his modules (that also claim to have unresolved symbols).
The machine boots until it hangs when trying to access non-existent devices,
but after starting some user level daemons already. Falling back to
a working kernel doesn't work since I made an error configuring lilo.
Booting from the custom floppy resulted in going to the hard disk and then
continuing with the normal boot process. Booting the stock installation
floppy and getting a root shell didn't help since then I was unable to remount
the hard disk as / where it should have been (e.g. to manipulate files
with programs relying on shared libraries).


Now I have some questions:

- How can I stop the boot process half-way to get a single-user root shell?

  All I did in terms of ^C, ^Q@(#*$& and Alt-any-key didn't help, regardless
  of where in the boot process I press them.

- Is there an equivalent to chroot in Debian Linux (I only can compare to
  BSD* here).

- When having a set of kernels how do I manage to get them all have their
  individual System.map?

- As a quick fix, could somebody of you please point me to a dpkg working
  under BSD*?

  I didn't manage to make the port yet, but that would enable
  me to read further documentation on the CD.


Thank you!


Regards,

Toni.


Oeko.neT Mueller & Brandt GbR   email: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
v: +49 2261 979364 f: +49 2261 979366
Unix, networking, administration, consulting, programming, Internet services

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