[apple-crop-2] Scaffolds 7/23

[Arthur M. Agnello]

A new issue of Scaffolds for the week of 7/23 has been posted and is available 
at:
http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/2018/SCAFFOLDS-7-23-18.pdf

A version compatible with mobile devices is available at:
http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/2018/SCAFFOLDSMD-7-23-18.pdf

This week's issue contains the following items:
INSECTS
- Midsummer insect update
- SWD tart cherry update
CHEM NEWS
- Bifenthrin Section 18 for BMSB
GENERAL INFO
- BMSB Management Survey
- Nut production survey
- NextGen Young Fruit Grower Study Tour
ORCHARD RADAR DIGEST
UPCOMING PEST EVENTS
TRAP CATCHES

Arthur M. Agnello
Professor and Extension Tree Fruit Entomologist
Department of Entomology
314 Barton Laboratory
NYS Agricultural Experiment Station
630 W. North St., Geneva, NY  14456-1371

College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
Cornell University
Office 315-787-2341  |  Cell 315-719-4623
a...@cornell.edu  |  Fax 315-787-2326
http://blogs.cornell.edu/agnello
Scaffolds Fruit Journal online:
http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu

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Re: [apple-crop-2] Photos of dying trees-fireblight- Doug

[Randy Steffens Jr]

Phytophthora is what I thought when I saw those pictures, although I’ve also 
had fireblight infect susceptible rootstocks with similar appearance.  I had 
big problems with Phytophthora in my orchard in Tennessee.  Particularly in wet 
years.  It also got better when we stopped using overhead sprinkler irrigation 
(horrible irrigation decision for middle TN climate).  Virtually everything I 
planted on M26 and MM106 died over a stretch of years.  I ended up converting 
entirely to resistant Geneva rootstocks.  Inspecting/peeling the bark at the 
bottom of the trunk and the roots roots helped me differentiate between 
fireblight and cold injury as outlined here: 
http://treefruit.wsu.edu/crop-protection/disease-management/phytophthora/ 
 and 
here https://ipm.illinois.edu/diseases/rpds/812.pdf 
 .

Randy Steffens
Shepherd’s Valley Orchard and Farms (past manager)
Tennessee





> On Jul 23, 2018, at 6:02 AM, Kari Peter  wrote:
> 
> I’m not sure if this fire blight or Phytophthora – this problem and the 
> pictures look very familiar to what I’ve been observing the last 5 years in 
> PA (this is my frame of reference since I started in 2013).
>  
> Another pathogen to keep in mind that is often linked to this sort of mystery 
> tree death/decline is Botryosphaeria spp., either B. dothidea or B. obtusa, – 
> white rot or black rot.  However, this pathogen is not THE cause of the 
> decline.  These fungi are everywhere and typically don’t create any hassle 
> for the tree: These are relatively weak fungal pathogens and they will not 
> cause tree death when the tree is healthy.  They take advantage of weakened, 
> stressed trees – this is when you have tree death. What I have observed is 
> something is going on in the graft union area.  We have been isolating Bot 
> pathogens fire blight and Phytophthora have been ruled out.  The next 
> question is: what ultimately weakened/stressed the tree to make it 
> susceptible to these weak pathogens. 
>  
> We have been studying this rapid decline problem in PA since 2013ish…and 
> there are (still) more questions than answers, I’m afraid.  I wrote about 
> this late 2016:
> https://extension.psu.edu/apple-disease-rapid-apple-decline-rad-or-sudden-apple-decline-sad
>  
> 
>  
> There is not much to add to the above other than we discovered a previously 
> undescribed virus.  However, we do not know what connection, IF ANY, this 
> virus has to the decline issue.  It is very difficult to prove cause and 
> effect with a virus that infects a woody plant; however, we’re trying.  I 
> believe the decline issue is a complex of things occurring (Winter injury? 
> Drought? Herbicide? Rootstocks prone to stress (ie M9)?Etc.), not just one 
> issue.
>  
>  
> Kari Peter, Ph.D.
> Assistant Research Professor - Tree Fruit Pathology
> Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology
> Penn State Fruit Research and Extension Center
> 290 University Dr., P.O. Box 330
> Biglerville, PA 17307-0330
> 
> Office: 717-677-6116 Ext. 223
> Fax: 717-677-4112
> E-mail: ka...@psu.edu 
> 
> Twitter: https://twitter.com/drtreefruit 
>  
>  
>  
>  
> From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.com 
>  
> [mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.com 
> ] On Behalf Of 
> wincowg...@centurylink.net 
> Sent: Sunday, July 22, 2018 10:09 PM
> To: Apple-crop discussion list
> Subject: [apple-crop-2] Photos of dying trees-fireblight- Doug
>  
> Doug-I looked at the photos you attached and the last photo, #22301at the 
> base just above the rootstock- has long verticle cankers (sunken areas in the 
> bark) and verticle cracking in the bark.  Combined with the tree colapsing it 
> sure appears to be fireblight.
>  
> However you also appear to have significant damage to the rootstock just 
> belowe the graft union when you blow the picture up. Its weedy and from the 
> angle cannot see how much is comprimised.
>  
> I had emailed you a list of questions on this list but I didnt get a 
> response. The purpose was to try and narrow down whats going on.
> You have had much advice, from many on the list.
>  
> The main question is what rootstock is your planting on? If is a suceptable 
> stock with a suceptable root then you have double trouble.The fireblight can 
> run right to the root causing tree colapse. With those cankers visible in the 
> lower  trunk this looks like what you have.
>  
> My guidance to growers with this combination, suceptable stock with 
> suceptable root is take the tree(s) out.
>  
> You also indicated these were in clusters, again sounds 

Re: [apple-crop-2] Photos of dying trees-fireblight- Doug

[Kari Peter]

I’m not sure if this fire blight or Phytophthora – this problem and the 
pictures look very familiar to what I’ve been observing the last 5 years in PA 
(this is my frame of reference since I started in 2013).

Another pathogen to keep in mind that is often linked to this sort of mystery 
tree death/decline is Botryosphaeria spp., either B. dothidea or B. obtusa, – 
white rot or black rot.  However, this pathogen is not THE cause of the 
decline.  These fungi are everywhere and typically don’t create any hassle for 
the tree: These are relatively weak fungal pathogens and they will not cause 
tree death when the tree is healthy.  They take advantage of weakened, stressed 
trees – this is when you have tree death. What I have observed is something is 
going on in the graft union area.  We have been isolating Bot pathogens fire 
blight and Phytophthora have been ruled out.  The next question is: what 
ultimately weakened/stressed the tree to make it susceptible to these weak 
pathogens.

We have been studying this rapid decline problem in PA since 2013ish…and there 
are (still) more questions than answers, I’m afraid.  I wrote about this late 
2016:
https://extension.psu.edu/apple-disease-rapid-apple-decline-rad-or-sudden-apple-decline-sad

There is not much to add to the above other than we discovered a previously 
undescribed virus.  However, we do not know what connection, IF ANY, this virus 
has to the decline issue.  It is very difficult to prove cause and effect with 
a virus that infects a woody plant; however, we’re trying.  I believe the 
decline issue is a complex of things occurring (Winter injury? Drought? 
Herbicide? Rootstocks prone to stress (ie M9)?Etc.), not just one issue.


Kari Peter, Ph.D.
Assistant Research Professor - Tree Fruit Pathology
Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology
Penn State Fruit Research and Extension Center
290 University Dr., P.O. Box 330
Biglerville, PA 17307-0330

Office: 717-677-6116 Ext. 223
Fax: 717-677-4112
E-mail: 
ka...@psu.edu
Twitter: https://twitter.com/drtreefruit




From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.com 
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.com] On Behalf Of 
wincowg...@centurylink.net
Sent: Sunday, July 22, 2018 10:09 PM
To: Apple-crop discussion list
Subject: [apple-crop-2] Photos of dying trees-fireblight- Doug

Doug-I looked at the photos you attached and the last photo, #22301at the base 
just above the rootstock- has long verticle cankers (sunken areas in the bark) 
and verticle cracking in the bark.  Combined with the tree colapsing it sure 
appears to be fireblight.

However you also appear to have significant damage to the rootstock just belowe 
the graft union when you blow the picture up. Its weedy and from the angle 
cannot see how much is comprimised.

I had emailed you a list of questions on this list but I didnt get a response. 
The purpose was to try and narrow down whats going on.
You have had much advice, from many on the list.

The main question is what rootstock is your planting on? If is a suceptable 
stock with a suceptable root then you have double trouble.The fireblight can 
run right to the root causing tree colapse. With those cankers visible in the 
lower trunk this looks like what you have.

My guidance to growers with this combination, suceptable stock with suceptable 
root is take the tree(s) out.

You also indicated these were in clusters, again sounds like fireblight, the 
inoculumn moves to the trees next door and take it out.

The soil born disease phytophora can cause a similar looking tree colapse, but 
will not have the cankers in the trunk. Also is is born in the soil water and 
usually runs down a row if there is any slope.

There are many good labs, both univ and private that can id both fireblight and 
phytophora if the get live tissue samples. You need to confirm what you have so 
you can plan control programs.



I would certain







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