Re: [CentOS-docs] Nagios
On Mon, Sep 3, 2012 at 1:58 PM, Karanbir Singh mail-li...@karan.org wrote: On 08/30/2012 04:58 PM, Mauricio Tavares wrote: I would like to help the documentation project by editing/adding to http://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/Nagios. Hopefully that means I can have a development area I can do my stuff before it becomes approved and goes into production. =) I've setup a homepage at : http://wiki.centos.org/MauricioTavares you should be able to add content under there. Embarrassingly stupid question: how do I copy the current nagios page so I can edit it? -- Karanbir Singh +44-207-0999389 | http://www.karan.org/ | twitter.com/kbsingh ICQ: 2522219| Yahoo IM: z00dax | Gtalk: z00dax GnuPG Key : http://www.karan.org/publickey.asc ___ CentOS-docs mailing list CentOS-docs@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos-docs ___ CentOS-docs mailing list CentOS-docs@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos-docs
Re: [CentOS-docs] Nagios
On Tue, Sep 4, 2012 at 5:56 AM, Mauricio Tavares raubvo...@gmail.com wrote: On Mon, Sep 3, 2012 at 1:58 PM, Karanbir Singh mail-li...@karan.org wrote: On 08/30/2012 04:58 PM, Mauricio Tavares wrote: I would like to help the documentation project by editing/adding to http://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/Nagios. Hopefully that means I can have a development area I can do my stuff before it becomes approved and goes into production. =) I've setup a homepage at : http://wiki.centos.org/MauricioTavares you should be able to add content under there. Embarrassingly stupid question: how do I copy the current nagios page so I can edit it? You can get the original text by adding a ?action=raw to the URL like so: http://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/Nagios?action=raw Akemi ___ CentOS-docs mailing list CentOS-docs@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos-docs
Re: [CentOS-docs] Translation of centos-art.sh script
Am 02.09.2012 18:24, schrieb Alain Reguera Delgado: Hi, Could any of you help me to localize the `centos-art.sh' script into different languages? The infrastructure for doing it is already in place and quite automated. All we need is that you translate strings from English to your own language in an interface like the following: #: trunk/Scripts/Bash/Functions/Render/Svg/svg.sh:54 msgid Saved as msgstr In this interface, `msgid' contains the English message we need to translate and `msgstr` is where you put your translation. The line beginning with # is a comment specifying the location of the English string you are translating. Thank you very much. Alain, I've been trying to follow your second post to the list re translating the artwork to - in my case - german. However I seem to fail at it. The questions that come to mind are: - Do I need to run centos-art.sh prepare? Do you have some details on how long that script should take to run? I stoped it after 10 mins or something like that. - I did set LANG to de_DE.UTF-8 to reflect the new language and started centos-art.sh locale. However I did not get a new folder with de_DE under trunk/Locales/Scripts/Bash/. I only found es_ES there, and that one seems to come from the downloaded tree. Did I do something wrong? - Also, some estimation on how long centos-art.sh locale is going to run would be appreciated? and finally, once I finish a translation, how do I commit the changes with svn to the server? Thanks and cheers Christoph ___ CentOS-docs mailing list CentOS-docs@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos-docs
Re: [CentOS-docs] Translation of centos-art.sh script
Christoph Galuschka wrote: - Do I need to run centos-art.sh prepare? Yes. This is the first thing you need to do after downloading the working copy. See http://wiki.centos.org/ArtWork#head-4333cf1e4c01592360ea1a849bc937487f6c9cd4 - Do I need to run centos-art.sh prepare? Do you have some details on how long that script should take to run? I stoped it after 10 mins or something like that. Yes. The whole preparation process can take more than 10 minutes certainly. For example, in a test I just made, it took near to 25 minutes to complete, this without counting the installation or actualization of packages that you might need. The time consuming task here is the image rendition process which creates near to 687 images. Nevertheless, to reduce the preparation time you need to start translating, you can skip the image rendition process all over by running the following command instead: ~/artwork/trunk/Scripts/Bash/centos-art.sh prepare --set-environment --packages --links --locales --manuals and later doing: centos-art locale trunk/Scripts/Bash --edit --dont-commit-changes - I did set LANG to de_DE.UTF-8 to reflect the new language and started centos-art.sh locale. However I did not get a new folder with de_DE under trunk/Locales/Scripts/Bash/. Yes. That's very probable when centos-art.sh is not run correctly. I only found es_ES there, and that one seems to come from the downloaded tree. Did I do something wrong? - Also, some estimation on how long centos-art.sh locale is going to run would be appreciated? Here is the script output and the time it consumes to finish the task in my workstation: [al@orion ~]$ time centos-art locale trunk/Scripts/Bash --dont-commit-changes --update -- Actualizando trunk/Locales/Scripts/Bash/es_ES/Functions/Commons/messages.pot Actualizando trunk/Locales/Scripts/Bash/es_ES/Functions/Commons/messages.po Actualizandotrunk/Locales/Scripts/Bash/es_ES/Functions/Help/messages.pot Actualizandotrunk/Locales/Scripts/Bash/es_ES/Functions/Help/messages.po Actualizando trunk/Locales/Scripts/Bash/es_ES/Functions/Locale/messages.pot Actualizando trunk/Locales/Scripts/Bash/es_ES/Functions/Locale/messages.po Actualizando trunk/Locales/Scripts/Bash/es_ES/Functions/Prepare/messages.pot Actualizando trunk/Locales/Scripts/Bash/es_ES/Functions/Prepare/messages.po Actualizando trunk/Locales/Scripts/Bash/es_ES/Functions/Render/messages.pot Actualizando trunk/Locales/Scripts/Bash/es_ES/Functions/Render/messages.po Actualizando trunk/Locales/Scripts/Bash/es_ES/Functions/Tuneup/messages.pot Actualizando trunk/Locales/Scripts/Bash/es_ES/Functions/Tuneup/messages.po Actualizandotrunk/Locales/Scripts/Bash/es_ES/centos-art.sh.po Actualizando trunk/Locales/Scripts/Bash/es_ES/LC_MESSAGES/centos-art.sh.mo real0m8.296s user0m2.197s sys 0m5.453s Note that I didn't pass the --edit option here. This option opens a text editor for you to make translations and it will delay the whole process, based on how much translation you need do. and finally, once I finish a translation, how do I commit the changes with svn to the server? To commit your changes up to the central repository you need to register a subversion account in https://projects.centos.org/trac/artwork and request commit permission on `trunk/Locales' directory structure to Ralph, he is the repository administrator. TIP: If you want to save yourself some time, be sure that the username you use in your workstation be the same you use to create your subversion account. This way subversion won't ask for your username each time you commit a change. Once you have the commit access to the central repository it should be possible for you to share your changes. Best regards, -- Alain Reguera Delgado alain.regu...@gmail.com ___ CentOS-docs mailing list CentOS-docs@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos-docs
Re: [CentOS-es] Iptables+cluster
Lorenzo, es lo que necesito, muchas gracias. El 29 de agosto de 2012 15:38, Lorenzo Perez jloren...@gmail.com escribió: Estimado, Quizás esto es lo que estas buscando: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/10964 http://conntrack-tools.netfilter.org/ Saludos., El día 29 de agosto de 2012 14:27, Héctor Herrera hherre...@gmail.com escribió: Cómo veo este problema: Tienes que hacer que al menos 2 firewall trabajen de forma sincronizada e inteligente, resolviendo las peticiones que lleguen a tu sistema. Eso significa que *ambos deben estar activos, pero sólo 1 de ellos debe resolver las peticiones, mientras que el otro está inactivo, a la espera que el primero falle*. Si lo miramos en un diagrama, podría ser de la siguiente forma (a ver si con esto me explico más): Nube -- *Firewall 1* --- *Firewall 2* -- Red interna El Firewall 1 debería hacer el filtro de tu red, mientras que el firewall 2 debería aceptar todas las conexiones entrantes. Y los roles deberían invertirse para cuando falle el firewall 1. En este caso, debes decidir cómo monitorizar ambos firewall, y es aquí donde entran las categorías que te mencioné anteriormente: filtrar por cantidad de conexiones, por carga en la tarjeta de red, por cantidad de RAM utilizada por el dispositivo, etc. Si preguntas en la lista de CentOS, asumo que tienes 2 computadores, ambos con CentOS, haciendo el trabajo de firewall, cierto? Si este es el caso, puedes revisar los archivos de sistema y generar tranquilamente tu propia aplicación que controle esto, vale decir, que levante el firewall 2 como firewall maestro cuando el firewall 1 caiga, o por X motivo deje de responder peticiones. Ahora, si la arquitectura es distinta, creo que vale la pena mencionarlo, para poder ayudarte con más exactitud... El 29 de agosto de 2012 14:17, Hector Martínez Romo pela...@gmail.com escribió: Gracias por contestar, no entiendo tu planteamiento, mi problema principal en este momento es como implementar un servicio de firewall en alta disponibilidad,el monitoreo no lo directamente relacionado con mi problema. El 29 de agosto de 2012 13:01, Héctor Herrera hherre...@gmail.com escribió: Yo creo que lo primero es definir cómo va a ser tu monitoreo de los firewall. Vale decir, qué vas a revisar: carga del procesador, conexiones que está resolviendo, carga de la tarjeta de red, cantidad de RAM ocupada en la máquina, etc. Una vez definido eso, ahí podríamos darte ideas (según cómo lo veo), porque incluso podrías generar tus propios scripts para mantener el sistema funcionando, en vez de implementar soluciones como HeartBeat y/o demases... 2012/8/29 Hector Martínez Romo pela...@gmail.com Estimados necesito hacer una implementacion de firewall en HA ¿alguna sugerencia o howto? saludos a la lista. ___ CentOS-es mailing list CentOS-es@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos-es -- Saludos *Héctor Herrera Anabalón* Egresado ICCI UNAP Servicio Arquitectura y Oficina Técnica Galatea - http://www.galatea.cl Miembro USoLIX Victoria Registered User #548600 (LinuxCounter.net) +56983118902 ___ CentOS-es mailing list CentOS-es@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos-es ___ CentOS-es mailing list CentOS-es@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos-es -- Saludos *Héctor Herrera Anabalón* Egresado ICCI UNAP Servicio Arquitectura y Oficina Técnica Galatea - http://www.galatea.cl Miembro USoLIX Victoria Registered User #548600 (LinuxCounter.net) +56983118902 ___ CentOS-es mailing list CentOS-es@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos-es -- Se despide atte., Lorenzo Pérez A. ___ CentOS-es mailing list CentOS-es@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos-es ___ CentOS-es mailing list CentOS-es@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos-es
[CentOS-es] Servidor de Email
Buenas Tardes, Tengo q hacer una instalacion de un servidor CentOS 6.0 con Correo Electronico Si alguien tiene algun manual de instalacion y configuracion a la mano Gracias Roberto ___ CentOS-es mailing list CentOS-es@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos-es
[CentOS-es] IpTables y reglas
Hola Amigos. Por favor alguien me podria decir de donde puedo comenzar para aprender a manejar las Tablas y reglas.de antemano gracias. ___ CentOS-es mailing list CentOS-es@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos-es
Re: [CentOS-es] IpTables y reglas
http://pello.info/filez/firewall/iptables.html No sé si te servirá de algo más adelante, pero para comenzar a entender, a mí me sirvió bastante. El 4 de septiembre de 2012 18:49, Fernanda Juares fernanda_jua...@yahoo.esescribió: Hola Amigos. Por favor alguien me podria decir de donde puedo comenzar para aprender a manejar las Tablas y reglas.de antemano gracias. ___ CentOS-es mailing list CentOS-es@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos-es -- Saludos *Héctor Herrera Anabalón* Egresado ICCI UNAP Servicio Arquitectura y Oficina Técnica Galatea - http://www.galatea.cl Miembro USoLIX Victoria Registered User #548600 (LinuxCounter.net) +56983118902 ___ CentOS-es mailing list CentOS-es@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos-es
Re: [CentOS-es] Servidor de Email
Un poco de Google no le hace mal a nadie... http://www.alcancelibre.org/staticpages/index.php/15-como-sendmail-apendice-02 El 4 de septiembre de 2012 16:21, tit...@gmail.com tit...@gmail.comescribió: Buenas Tardes, Tengo q hacer una instalacion de un servidor CentOS 6.0 con Correo Electronico Si alguien tiene algun manual de instalacion y configuracion a la mano Gracias Roberto ___ CentOS-es mailing list CentOS-es@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos-es -- Saludos *Héctor Herrera Anabalón* Egresado ICCI UNAP Servicio Arquitectura y Oficina Técnica Galatea - http://www.galatea.cl Miembro USoLIX Victoria Registered User #548600 (LinuxCounter.net) +56983118902 ___ CentOS-es mailing list CentOS-es@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos-es
[CentOS-es] IPTables y Reglas
Hola Amigos. Por favor alguien me podria decir de donde puedo comenzar para aprender a manejar las Tablas y reglas.de antemano muchas gracias. ___ CentOS-es mailing list CentOS-es@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos-es
Re: [CentOS] NTP server problem behind firewall
On Mon, Sep 3, 2012 at 4:32 PM, Giles Coochey gi...@coochey.net wrote: On 03/09/2012 15:18, Artifex Maximus wrote: On Mon, Sep 3, 2012 at 11:15 AM, Leonard den Ottolander leon...@den.ottolander.nl wrote: On Sun, 2012-09-02 at 07:46 +, Artifex Maximus wrote: Any idea what is wrong? The iptables rules you specify only allow clients from your local network access to your proxy ntp server. However, you do not specify any rules for eth1 to allow that ntp server to synchronise with the remote servers it is using. So unless you are using a local time source that might be your problem. Btw, when specifying rules for the external ntp servers you might want to specify IPs as well to restrict access. Thanks. You are right ntp proxy is absolutely what I want. Mine description was not clean probably. So this is the setup: GPSNTP(10.0.1.99/24) - eth1 myserver eth0 - clients(10.0.0.0/24) Because GPSNTP is on a physically separated network I need this proxy for my clients. My server is able to synchronize with GPSNTP so rules are fine for that (because my output chain is ACCEPT per default). My clients whom are cannot synchronize with my server even if I allow NTP port which I do not understand. So at this stage, doing a tcpdump -i eth0 -s 0 -w capture.cap and getting one of your clients to try to sync time with your server and then repeating this with the firewall turned off (when it purportedly works) ought to give you enough information to be able to view the packet capture and see what is going wrong. Thanks for the answer. I did tcpdump with turned on firewall but not exactly what you suggest. The command was: tcpdump -i eth0 -c 50 -nn -N -s 0 -vv port 123 and the result is: tcpdump: listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 16:39:13.653674 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 128, id 23478, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 76) 10.0.1.178.123 10.0.0.99.123: [udp sum ok] NTPv3, length 48 symmetric active, Leap indicator: clock unsynchronized (192), Stratum 0 (unspecified), poll 4s, precision -6 Root Delay: 0.000610, Root dispersion: 9.049407, Reference-ID: (unspec) Reference Timestamp: 3555678802.057624999 (2012/09/03 16:33:22) Originator Timestamp: 0.0 Receive Timestamp:0.0 Transmit Timestamp: 3555679152.63075 (2012/09/03 16:39:12) Originator - Receive Timestamp: 0.0 Originator - Transmit Timestamp: 3555679152.63075 (2012/09/03 16:39:12) 16:39:43.145984 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 128, id 24616, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 76) 10.0.0.150.123 10.0.0.99.123: [udp sum ok] NTPv3, length 48 symmetric active, Leap indicator: clock unsynchronized (192), Stratum 0 (unspecified), poll 4s, precision -6 Root Delay: 0.000610, Root dispersion: 9.049407, Reference-ID: (unspec) Reference Timestamp: 3555678802.057624999 (2012/09/03 16:33:22) Originator Timestamp: 0.0 Receive Timestamp:0.0 Transmit Timestamp: 3555679182.13075 (2012/09/03 16:39:42) Originator - Receive Timestamp: 0.0 Originator - Transmit Timestamp: 3555679182.13075 (2012/09/03 16:39:42) 16:39:43.145991 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 128, id 24617, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 76) 10.0.1.178.123 10.0.0.99.123: [udp sum ok] NTPv3, length 48 symmetric active, Leap indicator: clock unsynchronized (192), Stratum 0 (unspecified), poll 4s, precision -6 Root Delay: 0.000610, Root dispersion: 9.049407, Reference-ID: (unspec) Reference Timestamp: 3555678802.057624999 (2012/09/03 16:33:22) Originator Timestamp: 0.0 Receive Timestamp:0.0 Transmit Timestamp: 3555679182.13075 (2012/09/03 16:39:42) Originator - Receive Timestamp: 0.0 Originator - Transmit Timestamp: 3555679182.13075 (2012/09/03 16:39:42) 16:39:43.146020 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto UDP (17), length 76) 10.0.0.99.123 10.0.0.150.123: [bad udp cksum 9133!] NTPv3, length 48 symmetric active, Leap indicator: (0), Stratum 2 (secondary reference), poll 4s, precision -23 Root Delay: 0.000625, Root dispersion: 0.043029, Reference-ID: 10.0.1.99 Reference Timestamp: 3555677676.775420963 (2012/09/03 16:14:36) Originator Timestamp: 3555679182.13075 (2012/09/03 16:39:42) Receive Timestamp:3555679183.145983964 (2012/09/03 16:39:43) Transmit Timestamp: 3555679183.146011888 (2012/09/03 16:39:43) Originator - Receive Timestamp: +1.015233964 Originator - Transmit Timestamp: +1.015261886 The first time (16:39:13.653674) client cannot sync to the server but second time (16:39:43.145984) that was successful even if there is a 'bad udp cksum'. BTW, is it normal?
[CentOS] suggestion for filesystem or general performance optimization
Hi, recently I noticed, that we have some performance issues regarding our central samba fileserver. Red Hat EL 5.8, samba3x-3.5.10-0.109. Doing a rsync, scp or accessing a share from a client and copy large files (e.g. 3 GB ISO), I do get a read / write average about 60 to 90 MB/sec. So LAN and general hardware can work at max. lan speed. But copying or syncing small files, e.g. user profiles etc. or doing a backup of the smaller files lets drop the average performance to 10 MB/Sec or less :( We use ext3 (noatime), the storage is connected by iscsi, it is a sun storage with sas harddisk. All suggestions so far: migrate to ext4 and good luck :) I read a couple of filesystem comparisons and ext4 looks like the best option, but what else could I do or expect? Locking? Limits ... blocksizes, more RAM (4GB installed), we have about 600GB of user data. so not really much... Thanks for any suggestion or hint . Regards . Götz -- Götz Reinicke IT-Koordinator Filmakademie Baden-Württemberg GmbH ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
[CentOS] yum repository for development series explicitly
Dear Friends, When I am running this command yum install --enablerepo=milter-manager-development -y milter-manager * So I am getting this error Message . * milter-manager/primary | 7.0 kB 00:01 milter-manager 40/40 http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/milter-manager/centos/6/development/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 22 - The requested URL returned error: 404 Trying other mirror. Error: Cannot retrieve repository metadata (repomd.xml) for repository: milter-manager-development. Please verify its path and try again I have done. yum clean all and yum update also. I search on google but not getting any answer. Please help me to solve this problem. -- Thanks Regards Jitendra Jha +91-7498370550 ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] yum repository for development series explicitly
Hello Jiten, On Tue, 2012-09-04 at 12:37 +0530, jiten jha wrote: yum install --enablerepo=milter-manager-development -y milter-manager You should probably inform the owner of that particular repository about your issues. As this is an external repo there is nothing the CentOS crew can do to help you in this matter. Regards, Leonard. -- mount -t life -o ro /dev/dna /genetic/research ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] NTP server problem behind firewall
On 04/09/2012 07:31, Artifex Maximus wrote: The first time (16:39:13.653674) client cannot sync to the server but second time (16:39:43.145984) that was successful even if there is a 'bad udp cksum'. BTW, is it normal? Tcpdump says there was traffic and sync happened later so rule is OK I think. When tried later sync needs three tries for success. Other time needs only one. Might depend on Moon phase. It looks like I have some network equipment related problem as well. Therefore I have to talk with some Cisco expert. At the moment I have problem with rsyslogd because there is no log of denied packets but that is another story. :-) Thanks for all of your help! Without seeing the full timeline of events, you should bear in mind that there will be a gap between the time that an NTP server is started before other clocks are allowed to sync to it. This makes sense as you wouldn't want to sync time to a source that itself isn't reliable. Once the NTP server fulfils some criteria and believes it's clock to be reliable, it will allow other systems to sync to it. -- Regards, Giles Coochey, CCNA, CCNAS NetSecSpec Ltd +44 (0) 7983 877438 http://www.coochey.net http://www.netsecspec.co.uk gi...@coochey.net ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] svn: Authorization failed
From: Michael Hennebry henne...@web.cs.ndsu.nodak.edu How do I set up a subversion repository so that svn can use an svnserve running locally? I own the repository. svnserve -d -r ... runs as me. svn mkdir -m 'make trunk' svn://localhost/redeye/trunk fails with svn: Authorization failed There is no request for credentials. When I google: svnserve svn: Authorization failed the first answer says to: - edit svnserve.conf (password-db and auth-access) - add users to password-db Or you can have a look at the documentation... http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.0/ch06s03.html#svn-ch-6-sect-3.2 JD ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] NTP server problem behind firewall
On Tue, Sep 4, 2012 at 10:36 AM, Giles Coochey gi...@coochey.net wrote: On 04/09/2012 07:31, Artifex Maximus wrote: The first time (16:39:13.653674) client cannot sync to the server but second time (16:39:43.145984) that was successful even if there is a 'bad udp cksum'. BTW, is it normal? Tcpdump says there was traffic and sync happened later so rule is OK I think. When tried later sync needs three tries for success. Other time needs only one. Might depend on Moon phase. It looks like I have some network equipment related problem as well. Therefore I have to talk with some Cisco expert. At the moment I have problem with rsyslogd because there is no log of denied packets but that is another story. :-) Thanks for all of your help! Without seeing the full timeline of events, you should bear in mind that there will be a gap between the time that an NTP server is started before other clocks are allowed to sync to it. This makes sense as you wouldn't want to sync time to a source that itself isn't reliable. Once the NTP server fulfils some criteria and believes it's clock to be reliable, it will allow other systems to sync to it. I know and respect that. I tried only after my NTP was synchronized and declared as reliable. Otherwise I get some stratum error on client which is normal I think. Bye, a ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
[CentOS] Advice on partitioning a Dell MD1200 disk array
Hi, I've just got possession of a Dell PE R720 with 2 MD1200 disk enclosures. Both MD1200 are fully populated with 12 x 3 TB disks The system will basically be a student file-server running CentOS 6.x serving various size files from small c programs to multi gigabyte audio and video files over GB ethernet. The first MD1200 will be configured as the NFS disk. The requirements are for 6 fixed equally sized partitions, one for each cohort of students. For this I was thinking of splitting the MD1200 into 2 RAID5 arrays with a hot spare each. Then partitioning each into 3 ext4 partitions. The second MD1200 will be used to backup the first, using BackupPC and for other storage purposes. As I won't know the storage requirements for the backup partition and they will probably change over time anyway. I was thinking of using LVM for it. So how to partition the MD1200 for LVM. I don't want to put all 12 disks in a RAID5 and put a LVM volume on it. Can I split it into 2 RAID5 and have a LVM volume spanning both. Any suggestions. Just remember I'm due to retire at the end of this month so this will be my last big job for the Dept. And due to financial constraints I will not be replaced. So I will be handing this machine over to a co- worker who is basically a Windoze admin with only a basic knowledge of Linux so nothing too fancy. ;-) Thanks, Tony -- Tony Molloy CTO, Dept. of Comp. Sci. University of Limerick Limerick. Ireland ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Advice on partitioning a Dell MD1200 disk array
Hi Tony, because I suggest just something very general I post off list :) From my POV as I'm currently facing similar setups with different hardware rolling back from fine granular setups to simple 'bigger' less complex configurations. (we do have 6 iscsi storages from 2TB (sun ZFS) up to 32 TB) keep it small and simple! :) I think you are very familiar with the general problems of big HW raids and big filesystems like rebuild or check times, but splitting up and adding more complex layers like multiple raids joining in lvm etc. makes debugging and general handling very hard. On the other hand, I checked and read a lot about filesystems the last days being faced with serving user windows samba profiles with lot of small files and big video/audio data etc. Long story short: I usually do one raidvolume per hardware raid box; e.g. we use 16*1TB drives. Raid6 or Raid5 with spare. I did not notice big performance differences. I use LVM to make partitions or I prefer using just one big partition. I tried xfs and ext4 and will go with ext4 as some test went better for my setup and from what I read it looks not bad :) I think you can combine block level devices (like multiple raid boxes) by LVM into one bigger LV. And last but not least: The CPU/RAM/Network of the host serving the files is also very important! :) I noticed, that the same iscsi storage got about 70MB/s on a new server (xeon multicore), while on the old fileserver it just got up to 40MB/s. my2cents :) regards . Götz May be worth reading: http://www.techforce.com.br/news/linux_blog/lvm_raid_xfs_ext3_tuning_for_small_files_parallel_i_o_on_debian#.UEPSI1RqYso http://monolight.cc/2011/02/linux-filesystems-small-file-performance-on-hdds/ http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/28756/what-is-the-most-high-performance-linux-filesystem-for-storing-a-lot-of-small-fi https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Ext3 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Ext4#Tips_and_tricks Am 04.09.12 13:10, schrieb Tony Molloy: Hi, I've just got possession of a Dell PE R720 with 2 MD1200 disk enclosures. Both MD1200 are fully populated with 12 x 3 TB disks The system will basically be a student file-server running CentOS 6.x serving various size files from small c programs to multi gigabyte audio and video files over GB ethernet. The first MD1200 will be configured as the NFS disk. The requirements are for 6 fixed equally sized partitions, one for each cohort of students. For this I was thinking of splitting the MD1200 into 2 RAID5 arrays with a hot spare each. Then partitioning each into 3 ext4 partitions. The second MD1200 will be used to backup the first, using BackupPC and for other storage purposes. As I won't know the storage requirements for the backup partition and they will probably change over time anyway. I was thinking of using LVM for it. So how to partition the MD1200 for LVM. I don't want to put all 12 disks in a RAID5 and put a LVM volume on it. Can I split it into 2 RAID5 and have a LVM volume spanning both. Any suggestions. Just remember I'm due to retire at the end of this month so this will be my last big job for the Dept. And due to financial constraints I will not be replaced. So I will be handing this machine over to a co- worker who is basically a Windoze admin with only a basic knowledge of Linux so nothing too fancy. ;-) Thanks, Tony -- Tony Molloy CTO, Dept. of Comp. Sci. University of Limerick Limerick. Ireland ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos -- Götz Reinicke IT-Koordinator Tel. +49 7141 969 82 420 Fax +49 7141 969 55 420 E-Mail goetz.reini...@filmakademie.de Filmakademie Baden-Württemberg GmbH Akademiehof 10 71638 Ludwigsburg www.filmakademie.de Eintragung Amtsgericht Stuttgart HRB 205016 Vorsitzender des Aufsichtsrats: Jürgen Walter MdL Staatssekretär im Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg Geschäftsführer: Prof. Thomas Schadt ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] suggestion for filesystem or general performance optimization
On 09/04/2012 09:06 AM, Götz Reinicke wrote: Hi, recently I noticed, that we have some performance issues regarding our central samba fileserver. Red Hat EL 5.8, samba3x-3.5.10-0.109. Doing a rsync, scp or accessing a share from a client and copy large files (e.g. 3 GB ISO), I do get a read / write average about 60 to 90 MB/sec. So LAN and general hardware can work at max. lan speed. But copying or syncing small files, e.g. user profiles etc. or doing a backup of the smaller files lets drop the average performance to 10 MB/Sec or less :( We use ext3 (noatime), the storage is connected by iscsi, it is a sun storage with sas harddisk. All suggestions so far: migrate to ext4 and good luck :) I read a couple of filesystem comparisons and ext4 looks like the best option, but what else could I do or expect? Locking? Limits ... blocksizes, more RAM (4GB installed), we have about 600GB of user data. so not really much... Thanks for any suggestion or hint . Regards . Götz I recognize this. Also using 5.8. Simply removing a few hundred GB of small files can take half an hour. Removing the same amount of data consumed by a couple of big files is less than a minute (even that is slow, why not remove the index somewhere in the file system?) One thing that did speed up things was using a solid stated disk because of the much lower random access time. That's most likely not an option for you... So I am also interested in any answer. ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Advice on partitioning a Dell MD1200 disk array
Tony Molloy wrote the following on 9/4/2012 6:10 AM: Hi, I've just got possession of a Dell PE R720 with 2 MD1200 disk enclosures. Both MD1200 are fully populated with 12 x 3 TB disks The system will basically be a student file-server running CentOS 6.x serving various size files from small c programs to multi gigabyte audio and video files over GB ethernet. The first MD1200 will be configured as the NFS disk. The requirements are for 6 fixed equally sized partitions, one for each cohort of students. For this I was thinking of splitting the MD1200 into 2 RAID5 arrays with a hot spare each. Then partitioning each into 3 ext4 partitions. I think that sounds like a balanced approach. With 12 SATA drives you're bound to run into failures during the life of these devices (3-5 yrs). By splitting the disks into 2 arrays, a failure of one disk will only degrade 1 array, affecting less users. Rebuild times will be reduced if there is a failure and performance for multi-user workloads should be increased by separating into multiple arrays. The second MD1200 will be used to backup the first, using BackupPC and for other storage purposes. As I won't know the storage requirements for the backup partition and they will probably change over time anyway. I was thinking of using LVM for it. So how to partition the MD1200 for LVM. I don't want to put all 12 disks in a RAID5 and put a LVM volume on it. Can I split it into 2 RAID5 and have a LVM volume spanning both. I've never found any value in LVM. To me, it adds another layer of complexity or room for bugs to creep in. Arrays can be resized, GPT or MSDOS partitions can be resized, file systems can be resized, your hardware can do the spanning that LVM provides, why would you want to add another layer of abstraction? For similar reasons, I would stick to a file system that comes stock with your OS, ext4 or XFS should be fine, as they are both well supported in CentOS. Any suggestions. Just remember I'm due to retire at the end of this month so this will be my last big job for the Dept. And due to financial constraints I will not be replaced. So I will be handing this machine over to a co- worker who is basically a Windoze admin with only a basic knowledge of Linux so nothing too fancy. ;-) At first, I was going to recommend 1 hot spare, but if you think the new admin may not have as much time, or you want things a little more simple, then making two identical arrays is probably going to be easier. If he's not as familiar with your hardware, then I would print out a cheat sheet on how to rebuild the array, check the status (MegaCLI?, OpenManage?), etc. As always, document what you have, how you put it together, and who to call or where to look if he's stuck. --Blake ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Advice on partitioning a Dell MD1200 disk array
The second MD1200 will be used to backup the first, using BackupPC and for other storage purposes. As I won't know the storage requirements for the backup partition and they will probably change over time anyway. I was thinking of using LVM for it. So how to partition the MD1200 for LVM. I don't want to put all 12 disks in a RAID5 and put a LVM volume on it. Can I split it into 2 RAID5 and have a LVM volume spanning both. Just a thought about the backup volume. Because it going to be used for backups and your retirement (congrats!) I would configure one partition and no volume management on top. Why? Because backups are like insurance policies. That are not fun and no one reviews them, but when you need them, you really hope that everything is in order. So you don't want the next admin to find out several months or years down the road that the backup software ran out of space and has been failing to back anything up for the previous few months. ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
[CentOS] lscfg and vpdupdate om CentOS-6
Are these packages still available for RHEL6/CentOS6? If so then where does one get them? If not then have they been replaced with something else? There does not seem to be a listing for them at epel. -- *** E-Mail is NOT a SECURE channel *** James B. Byrnemailto:byrn...@harte-lyne.ca Harte Lyne Limited http://www.harte-lyne.ca 9 Brockley Drive vox: +1 905 561 1241 Hamilton, Ontario fax: +1 905 561 0757 Canada L8E 3C3 ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] svn: Authorization failed
On Tue, 4 Sep 2012, John Doe wrote: From: Michael Hennebry henne...@web.cs.ndsu.nodak.edu How do I set up a subversion repository so that svn can use an svnserve running locally? I own the repository. svnserve -d -r ... runs as me. svn mkdir -m 'make trunk' svn://localhost/redeye/trunk fails with svn: Authorization failed There is no request for credentials. When I google: svnserve svn: Authorization failed the first answer says to: - edit svnserve.conf (password-db and auth-access) - add users to password-db Or you can have a look at the documentation... http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.0/ch06s03.html#svn-ch-6-sect-3.2 Been there done that. Forgot to save the new improved svnserve.conf . 'Twas using the old lousy version. -- Michael henne...@web.cs.ndsu.nodak.edu On Monday, I'm gonna have to tell my kindergarten class, whom I teach not to run with scissors, that my fiance ran me through with a broadsword. -- Lily ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] lscfg and vpdupdate om CentOS-6
From: James B. Byrne byrn...@harte-lyne.ca Are these packages still available for RHEL6/CentOS6? RH only or just missing? You can grab the source maybe: http://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/6Server/en/os/SRPMS/lsvpd-1.6.7-3.el6.src.rpm JD ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
[CentOS] Gradually adjust NTP sync over time?
Suppose you have server A and server B. Server B is running 60 seconds too fast, while server A is accurate. Is there a way to gradually move server B's time back into sync with server A, without making a drastic, immediate change to the clock? In other words, we would like to 'smear' the difference across several hours or days to ensure there are no drastic changes in timestamps, etc. ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Gradually adjust NTP sync over time?
On Tue, Sep 4, 2012 at 12:17 PM, Sean Carolan scaro...@gmail.com wrote: Suppose you have server A and server B. Server B is running 60 seconds too fast, while server A is accurate. Is there a way to gradually move server B's time back into sync with server A, without making a drastic, immediate change to the clock? In other words, we would like to 'smear' the difference across several hours or days to ensure there are no drastic changes in timestamps, etc. This is already how ntpd works. When you first start the service (usually upon reboot), it will use 'ntpdate' to do a hard set of the clock, then ntpd picks up and adjusts the clock back and forth to keep it correct. ❧ Brian Mathis ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Gradually adjust NTP sync over time?
This is already how ntpd works. When you first start the service (usually upon reboot), it will use 'ntpdate' to do a hard set of the clock, then ntpd picks up and adjusts the clock back and forth to keep it correct. My understanding was that ntpd will use slewing for adjustments of less than ~120ms or so, but for adjustments between 120ms and 17 minutes it will use stepping instead, making an abrupt and immediate adjustment of the entire delta. What I'm trying to avoid is abruptly resetting the clock from 12:06 to 12:05 all at once. Instead we want to slowly turn the clock back that one minute, but spread the changes across several hours or days. ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Gradually adjust NTP sync over time?
What I'm trying to avoid is abruptly resetting the clock from 12:06 to 12:05 all at once. Instead we want to slowly turn the clock back that one minute, but spread the changes across several hours or days. I think the -x option may be our solution; I R'd the FM and it says: ...If the -x option is included on the command line, the clock will never be stepped and only slew corrections will be used. ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Advice on partitioning a Dell MD1200 disk array
On Tuesday 04 September 2012 12:44:26 Götz Reinicke wrote: Hi Tony, because I suggest just something very general I post off list :) From my POV as I'm currently facing similar setups with different hardware rolling back from fine granular setups to simple 'bigger' less complex configurations. (we do have 6 iscsi storages from 2TB (sun ZFS) up to 32 TB) keep it small and simple! :) I think you are very familiar with the general problems of big HW raids and big filesystems like rebuild or check times, but splitting up and adding more complex layers like multiple raids joining in lvm etc. makes debugging and general handling very hard. On the other hand, I checked and read a lot about filesystems the last days being faced with serving user windows samba profiles with lot of small files and big video/audio data etc. Long story short: I usually do one raidvolume per hardware raid box; e.g. we use 16*1TB drives. Raid6 or Raid5 with spare. I did not notice big performance differences. I use LVM to make partitions or I prefer using just one big partition. I tried xfs and ext4 and will go with ext4 as some test went better for my setup and from what I read it looks not bad :) I think you can combine block level devices (like multiple raid boxes) by LVM into one bigger LV. And last but not least: The CPU/RAM/Network of the host serving the files is also very important! :) I noticed, that the same iscsi storage got about 70MB/s on a new server (xeon multicore), while on the old fileserver it just got up to 40MB/s. my2cents :) regards . Götz May be worth reading: http://www.techforce.com.br/news/linux_blog/lvm_raid_xfs_ext3_tunin g_for_small_files_parallel_i_o_on_debian#.UEPSI1RqYso http://monolight.cc/2011/02/linux-filesystems-small-file-performanc e-on-hdds/ http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/28756/what-is-the-most-high -performance-linux-filesystem-for-storing-a-lot-of-small-fi https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Ext3 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Ext4#Tips_and_tricks Am 04.09.12 13:10, schrieb Tony Molloy: Hi, I've just got possession of a Dell PE R720 with 2 MD1200 disk enclosures. Both MD1200 are fully populated with 12 x 3 TB disks The system will basically be a student file-server running CentOS 6.x serving various size files from small c programs to multi gigabyte audio and video files over GB ethernet. The first MD1200 will be configured as the NFS disk. The requirements are for 6 fixed equally sized partitions, one for each cohort of students. For this I was thinking of splitting the MD1200 into 2 RAID5 arrays with a hot spare each. Then partitioning each into 3 ext4 partitions. The second MD1200 will be used to backup the first, using BackupPC and for other storage purposes. As I won't know the storage requirements for the backup partition and they will probably change over time anyway. I was thinking of using LVM for it. So how to partition the MD1200 for LVM. I don't want to put all 12 disks in a RAID5 and put a LVM volume on it. Can I split it into 2 RAID5 and have a LVM volume spanning both. Any suggestions. Just remember I'm due to retire at the end of this month so this will be my last big job for the Dept. And due to financial constraints I will not be replaced. So I will be handing this machine over to a co- worker who is basically a Windoze admin with only a basic knowledge of Linux so nothing too fancy. ;-) Thanks, Tony -- Tony Molloy CTO, Dept. of Comp. Sci. University of Limerick Limerick. Ireland ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Advice on partitioning a Dell MD1200 disk array
On Sep 4, 2012, at 5:10 AM, Tony Molloy tony.mol...@ul.ie wrote: Just remember I'm due to retire at the end of this month so this will be my last big job for the Dept. And due to financial constraints I will not be replaced. So I will be handing this machine over to a co- worker who is basically a Windoze admin with only a basic knowledge of Linux so nothing too fancy. ;-) Hand him the machine and tell him to load Windows on it or whatever he wants to maintain for the next X years, relax for 30 days and enjoy retirement. It's his problem now. :-) :-) ;-) Nate ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
[CentOS] Simple routing question
We use a dual homed CentOS-6.3 host for our Internet gateway router. Its internal nic (eth1) is configured such that the address 192.168.0.1 is one of its aliases. # cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1:192BOOTPROTO=none BROADCAST=192.168.255.255 DEVICE=eth1:192 IPADDR=192.168.0.1 IPV6INIT=no MTU= NAME=LAN - Non-routable NETMASK=255.255.0.0 NETWORK=192.168.0.0 ONBOOT=yes ONPARENT=yes Internal packets routed to 192.168.209.41 are passing through this router out onto the network. I am afraid that the reason is not evident to me and I have been unable to locate an answer. The primary address for eth1 has the following configuration: # cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 BOOTPROTO=none BROADCAST= DEFROUTE=yes DEVICE=eth1 DOMAIN=hamilton.harte-lyne.ca harte-lyne.ca GATEWAY=216.xxx.yyy.53 HWADDR=00:25:90:60:11:8D IPADDR=216.xxx.xxx.1 IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_PEERDNS=yes IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes MACADDR= MTU= NAME=LAN Link - eth1 NETMASK= NETWORK= NM_CONTROLLED=no ONBOOT=yes PREFIX=24 TYPE=Ethernet UUID=9c92fad9-6ecb-3e6c-eb4d-8a47c6f50c04 What configuration setting am I missing that will cause packets to 192.168.ccc.ddd to stay on the LAN and not try and pass though the WAN interface? -- *** E-Mail is NOT a SECURE channel *** James B. Byrnemailto:byrn...@harte-lyne.ca Harte Lyne Limited http://www.harte-lyne.ca 9 Brockley Drive vox: +1 905 561 1241 Hamilton, Ontario fax: +1 905 561 0757 Canada L8E 3C3 ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Advice on partitioning a Dell MD1200 disk array
On Tuesday 04 September 2012 19:25:05 Nate Duehr wrote: On Sep 4, 2012, at 5:10 AM, Tony Molloy tony.mol...@ul.ie wrote: Just remember I'm due to retire at the end of this month so this will be my last big job for the Dept. And due to financial constraints I will not be replaced. So I will be handing this machine over to a co- worker who is basically a Windoze admin with only a basic knowledge of Linux so nothing too fancy. ;-) Hand him the machine and tell him to load Windows on it or whatever he wants to maintain for the next X years, relax for 30 days and enjoy retirement. It's his problem now. :-) :-) ;-) Nate Sounds good but it's not the Linux way is it ;-) Anyway I want to force him to become a better person, to grow and expand his knowledge and in the end maybe drag him away from the evil empire to the land of the free ! LOL Tony ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Simple routing question
On Tue, Sep 4, 2012 at 1:34 PM, James B. Byrne byrn...@harte-lyne.ca wrote: We use a dual homed CentOS-6.3 host for our Internet gateway router. Its internal nic (eth1) is configured such that the address 192.168.0.1 is one of its aliases. # cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1:192BOOTPROTO=none DEVICE=eth1:192 IPADDR=192.168.0.1 NETMASK=255.255.0.0 Internal packets routed to 192.168.209.41 are passing through this router out onto the network. I am afraid that the reason is not evident to me and I have been unable to locate an answer. That netmask says the interface handles the range from 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255. Maybe you meant 255.255.255.0? -- Les Mikesell lesmikes...@gmail.com ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Simple routing question
On Tue, September 4, 2012 14:34, James B. Byrne wrote: We use a dual homed CentOS-6.3 host for our Internet gateway router. Its internal nic (eth1) is configured such that the address 192.168.0.1 is one of its aliases. per: Les Mikesell lesmikesell at gmail.com Tue Sep 4 15:01:18 EDT 2012 # cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1:192BOOTPROTO=none DEVICE=eth1:192 IPADDR=192.168.0.1 NETMASK=255.255.0.0 Internal packets routed to 192.168.209.41 are passing through this router out onto the network. I am afraid that the reason is not evident to me and I have been unable to locate an answer. That netmask says the interface handles the range from 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255. Maybe you meant 255.255.255.0? There are presently two subnets on the lan, 192.168.209.0 and 192.168.209.0. I believe that the present netmask is correct in these circumstances. -- *** E-Mail is NOT a SECURE channel *** James B. Byrnemailto:byrn...@harte-lyne.ca Harte Lyne Limited http://www.harte-lyne.ca 9 Brockley Drive vox: +1 905 561 1241 Hamilton, Ontario fax: +1 905 561 0757 Canada L8E 3C3 ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
[CentOS] Recover software raid 10 on CentOS 6.3
The setup is 4 1TB drives running RAID10. I was using the Gnome Disk Utility to verify the integrity of the array (which is a 500MB mirrored md0 and the rest a R10 md1). I believe one of the drives is bad but prior to the system going offline it showed that 2 drives were detached from the array but healthy. A reboot results in a panic complaining that not enough mirrors are available. Is there a method to mount this array from a live CD so I can export the VM images. I have backups of the important ones but I'd lose 18 hours of data and a new PBX VM that was just finished but not backed up yet. I've been reading and testing various suggestions from the web but until I get this unit back up all phones and E-Mail are down, which leads to a slight panic, which makes it difficult to read and understand :) The backup server is at another location so I'm trying to recover first. Any direction would be appreciated. Thanks, Jacob ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Simple routing question
On Tue, Sep 4, 2012 at 2:18 PM, James B. Byrne byrn...@harte-lyne.ca wrote: On Tue, September 4, 2012 14:34, James B. Byrne wrote: We use a dual homed CentOS-6.3 host for our Internet gateway router. Its internal nic (eth1) is configured such that the address 192.168.0.1 is one of its aliases. per: Les Mikesell lesmikesell at gmail.com Tue Sep 4 15:01:18 EDT 2012 # cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1:192BOOTPROTO=none DEVICE=eth1:192 IPADDR=192.168.0.1 NETMASK=255.255.0.0 Internal packets routed to 192.168.209.41 are passing through this router out onto the network. I am afraid that the reason is not evident to me and I have been unable to locate an answer. That netmask says the interface handles the range from 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255. Maybe you meant 255.255.255.0? There are presently two subnets on the lan, 192.168.209.0 and 192.168.209.0. I believe that the present netmask is correct in these circumstances. If the 192.168.209.x range is connected to this interface, then I don't think I understand the problem. I thought you were saying those addresses should not go out this interface. -- Les Mikesell lesmikes...@gmail.com ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Simple routing question
On 09/04/12 12:18 PM, James B. Byrne wrote: There are presently two subnets on the lan, 192.168.209.0 and 192.168.209.0. I believe that the present netmask is correct in these circumstances. um, those are both the same? I assume you meant one of them to be different? when you say therre are two subnets, whats the mask for those two 'subnets' ? if its /24 (255.255.255.0) then those subnets would not be able to reach the gateway at 192.168.0.1 without additional routing information. -- john r pierceN 37, W 122 santa cruz ca mid-left coast ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Simple routing question
On 09/04/12 12:18 PM, James B. Byrne wrote: There are presently two subnets on the lan, 192.168.209.0 and 192.168.209.0. I believe that the present netmask is correct in these circumstances. um, those are both the same? I assume you meant one of them to be different? You are correct. I mistyped. I have host A with eth0[aaa.bbb.ccc.A] and eth1[192.168.216.A] I have host B with eth0[aaa.bbb.ccc.B] and eth1[192.168.209.B] and I have host C as the gateway with eth0 being the WAN and eth1 being the LAN. Eth1 on C has the address [aaa.bbb.ccc.1] assigned to it and has the alias [192.168.0.1] as well. I want traffic from 192.168.216.A addressed to 192.168.209.B to go to eth1 on B. Instead it goes to Eth0 on C where it dies as one would expect. I am not terribly familiar with routing so I expect that I am doing something wrong that is obvious yet invisible to me. This is an experimental set up so that I can explore these issues before inflicting them on my unsuspecting users. -- *** E-Mail is NOT a SECURE channel *** James B. Byrnemailto:byrn...@harte-lyne.ca Harte Lyne Limited http://www.harte-lyne.ca 9 Brockley Drive vox: +1 905 561 1241 Hamilton, Ontario fax: +1 905 561 0757 Canada L8E 3C3 ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Simple routing question
James B. Byrne wrote: On 09/04/12 12:18 PM, James B. Byrne wrote: There are presently two subnets on the lan, 192.168.209.0 and 192.168.209.0. I believe that the present netmask is correct in these circumstances. um, those are both the same? I assume you meant one of them to be different? You are correct. I mistyped. I have host A with eth0[aaa.bbb.ccc.A] and eth1[192.168.216.A] I have host B with eth0[aaa.bbb.ccc.B] and eth1[192.168.209.B] and I have host C as the gateway with eth0 being the WAN and eth1 being the LAN. Eth1 on C has the address [aaa.bbb.ccc.1] assigned to it and has the alias [192.168.0.1] as well. I want traffic from 192.168.216.A addressed to 192.168.209.B to go to eth1 on B. Instead it goes to Eth0 on C where it dies as one would expect. I am not terribly familiar with routing so I expect that I am doing something wrong that is obvious yet invisible to me. This is an experimental set up so that I can explore these issues before inflicting them on my unsuspecting users. could you show the result of the route command on host C? ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Simple routing question
On Tue, Sep 4, 2012 at 3:25 PM, James B. Byrne byrn...@harte-lyne.ca wrote: On 09/04/12 12:18 PM, James B. Byrne wrote: There are presently two subnets on the lan, 192.168.209.0 and 192.168.209.0. I believe that the present netmask is correct in these circumstances. um, those are both the same? I assume you meant one of them to be different? You are correct. I mistyped. I have host A with eth0[aaa.bbb.ccc.A] and eth1[192.168.216.A] I have host B with eth0[aaa.bbb.ccc.B] and eth1[192.168.209.B] and I have host C as the gateway with eth0 being the WAN and eth1 being the LAN. Eth1 on C has the address [aaa.bbb.ccc.1] assigned to it and has the alias [192.168.0.1] as well. I want traffic from 192.168.216.A addressed to 192.168.209.B to go to eth1 on B. That should happen directly without C's involvement if the netmask is 255.255.0.0 on A and B's eth1 interfaces. Instead it goes to Eth0 on C where it dies as one would expect. Why does C have both internet and LAN addresses on the same interfaces? -- Les Mikesell lesmikes...@gmail.com ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Simple routing question
On 09/04/12 1:25 PM, James B. Byrne wrote: I have host A with eth0[aaa.bbb.ccc.A] and eth1[192.168.216.A] I have host B with eth0[aaa.bbb.ccc.B] and eth1[192.168.209.B] what are the subnet masks defined on 192.168.216.A and 192.168.209.B ? and I have host C as the gateway with eth0 being the WAN and eth1 being the LAN. Eth1 on C has the address [aaa.bbb.ccc.1] assigned to it and has the alias [192.168.0.1] as well. assuming the answer to my above question is 255.255.255.0, then noone has a route to this 192.168.0.1 as its in an entirely different subnet. you can't overlap subnets with different size masks without creating some serious messes. I want traffic from 192.168.216.A addressed to 192.168.209.B to go to eth1 on B. Instead it goes to Eth0 on C where it dies as one would expect. there's no route defined to do that, since 192.168.209.B is not in any network that A has knowlege of. A would need an IP in the B subnet, and B would need an IP in the A subnet for this to work. why do you have two seperate LAN subnets? are you running two seperate LANs ? there have to be some really good reasons before I create anything this messy. for instance... host A with eth0[aaa.bbb.ccc.A] and eth1[192.168.216.A] and eth1[192.168.209.A] host B with eth0[aaa.bbb.ccc.B] and eth1[192.168.209.B] and eth1[192.168.216.B] now A can reach B via its eth1 as it now has a route to 192.168.216/24 -- john r pierceN 37, W 122 santa cruz ca mid-left coast ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Simple routing question
per: Nicolas Thierry-Mieg Nicolas.Thierry-Mieg at imag.fr Tue Sep 4 16:42:57 EDT 2012 could you show the result of the route command on host C? [root@gway01 ~]# ip route 216.185.64.52/30 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 216.185.64.54 10.0.0.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 10.0.0.1 172.16.0.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.0.1 169.254.0.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 169.254.0.1 192.168.0.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.1 192.0.0.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.0.0.1 216.185.71.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 216.185.71.1 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link metric 1002 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth1 scope link metric 1003 default via 216.185.64.53 dev eth0 192.168.0.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.1 is wrong I think, but I cannot figure out what in the configuration file is causing it. # cat /etc/sysconfig/networking/devices/ifcfg-eth1:192 BOOTPROTO=none NAME= MACADDR= IPV6INIT=no DEVICE=eth1:192 MTU= NETMASK=255.255.0.0 ONPARENT=yes BROADCAST=192.168.255.255 IPADDR=192.168.0.1 NETWORK=192.168.0.0 ONBOOT=yes -- *** E-Mail is NOT a SECURE channel *** James B. Byrnemailto:byrn...@harte-lyne.ca Harte Lyne Limited http://www.harte-lyne.ca 9 Brockley Drive vox: +1 905 561 1241 Hamilton, Ontario fax: +1 905 561 0757 Canada L8E 3C3 ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Simple routing question
On Tue, September 4, 2012 16:51, Les Mikesell wrote: That should happen directly without C's involvement if the netmask is 255.255.0.0 on A and B's eth1 interfaces. It is not. The netmask on those interfaces is 255.255.255.0. Instead it goes to Eth0 on C where it dies as one would expect. Why does C have both internet and LAN addresses on the same interfaces? I am experimenting to see if this arrangement is workable. I want to know if it is possible to have two separate 192.168.x subnets on the same network. Why? I do not have a purpose in mind. I am just checking out whether it can work or not. If it is impossible then then I will discover why that is so, which I think will be useful in itself. -- *** E-Mail is NOT a SECURE channel *** James B. Byrnemailto:byrn...@harte-lyne.ca Harte Lyne Limited http://www.harte-lyne.ca 9 Brockley Drive vox: +1 905 561 1241 Hamilton, Ontario fax: +1 905 561 0757 Canada L8E 3C3 ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Simple routing question
On 09/04/12 2:00 PM, James B. Byrne wrote: I am experimenting to see if this arrangement is workable. I want to know if it is possible to have two separate 192.168.x subnets on the same network. Why? I do not have a purpose in mind. I am just checking out whether it can work or not. If it is impossible then then I will discover why that is so, which I think will be useful in itself. its possible, but its excessively complicated, and there had better be a darn good reason why to justify the complexity.. -- john r pierceN 37, W 122 santa cruz ca mid-left coast ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Simple routing question
On Wed, Sep 5, 2012 at 9:00 AM, James B. Byrne byrn...@harte-lyne.ca wrote: On Tue, September 4, 2012 16:51, Les Mikesell wrote: That should happen directly without C's involvement if the netmask is 255.255.0.0 on A and B's eth1 interfaces. It is not. The netmask on those interfaces is 255.255.255.0. Instead it goes to Eth0 on C where it dies as one would expect. Why does C have both internet and LAN addresses on the same interfaces? I am experimenting to see if this arrangement is workable. I want to know if it is possible to have two separate 192.168.x subnets on the same network. Why? I do not have a purpose in mind. I am just checking out whether it can work or not. If it is impossible then then I will discover why that is so, which I think will be useful in itself. IMO you need to configure the two subnets separately and set the netmask to 255.255.255.0. Then route traffic between the LANs via either the firewall or another routing device on the shared network. I've done similar in the past to migrate from one IP range to another. Having both networks connect to the firewall router is risky in case of a misconfiguration. Cheers, Cliff ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Simple routing question
On Tue, Sep 4, 2012 at 4:00 PM, James B. Byrne byrn...@harte-lyne.ca wrote: That should happen directly without C's involvement if the netmask is 255.255.0.0 on A and B's eth1 interfaces. It is not. The netmask on those interfaces is 255.255.255.0. Netmasks apply to (and describe) connected subnets, not individual interfaces. Linux will sort-of sometimes work with mismatched subnet masks but some things won't see arp broadcasts with the wrong broadcast address (which again is for the whole subnet). Instead it goes to Eth0 on C where it dies as one would expect. Why does C have both internet and LAN addresses on the same interfaces? I am experimenting to see if this arrangement is workable. I want to know if it is possible to have two separate 192.168.x subnets on the same network. Some things might work sometimes. You can overlay separate subnets on the same wire, each with a correct subnet mask, and a designated router between them, but random things will happen with mixed netmasks. Why? I do not have a purpose in mind. I am just checking out whether it can work or not. You would probably be better off using VLANs than overlays in any case. If it is impossible then then I will discover why that is so, which I think will be useful in itself. The broadcast address for a subnet is tied to the bits in the subnet mask, and ethernets need arp broadcasts to work. -- Les Mikesell lesmikes...@gmail.com ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Simple routing question
Am 04.09.2012 um 20:34 schrieb James B. Byrne: We use a dual homed CentOS-6.3 host for our Internet gateway router. Its internal nic (eth1) is configured such that the address 192.168.0.1 is one of its aliases. # cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1:192BOOTPROTO=none BROADCAST=192.168.255.255 DEVICE=eth1:192 IPADDR=192.168.0.1 IPV6INIT=no MTU= NAME=LAN - Non-routable NETMASK=255.255.0.0 NETWORK=192.168.0.0 ONBOOT=yes ONPARENT=yes Internal packets routed to 192.168.209.41 are passing through this router out onto the network. I am afraid that the reason is not evident to me and I have been unable to locate an answer. The primary address for eth1 has the following configuration: # cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 BOOTPROTO=none BROADCAST= DEFROUTE=yes DEVICE=eth1 ^ DOMAIN=hamilton.harte-lyne.ca harte-lyne.ca GATEWAY=216.xxx.yyy.53 HWADDR=00:25:90:60:11:8D IPADDR=216.xxx.xxx.1 IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_PEERDNS=yes IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes MACADDR= MTU= NAME=LAN Link - eth1 NETMASK= NETWORK= NM_CONTROLLED=no ONBOOT=yes PREFIX=24 TYPE=Ethernet UUID=9c92fad9-6ecb-3e6c-eb4d-8a47c6f50c04 What configuration setting am I missing that will cause packets to 192.168.ccc.ddd to stay on the LAN and not try and pass though the WAN interface? Is it correct to set the internal net as alias on the public interface (216.xxx.xxx.1) - both via eth1? This is for sure not your intention. Maybe a typo ... -- LF ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
[CentOS] 802.3ad + Centos 6 + KVM (bridging)
Hi all, Does any one have 802.3ad (mode 4) working on there Centos6 KVM setup? Of course we are also bridging here. - aurf ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Recover software raid 10 on CentOS 6.3
It's been fixed. The drives were ok but nothing would reassemble. The drives were marked as faulty so I followed the suggestions here: http://anders.com/cms/411/Linux/Software.RAID/inactive/mdadm Thanks! On Tue, Sep 4, 2012 at 12:25 PM, Jacob Hydeman jhyde...@gmail.com wrote: The setup is 4 1TB drives running RAID10. I was using the Gnome Disk Utility to verify the integrity of the array (which is a 500MB mirrored md0 and the rest a R10 md1). I believe one of the drives is bad but prior to the system going offline it showed that 2 drives were detached from the array but healthy. A reboot results in a panic complaining that not enough mirrors are available. Is there a method to mount this array from a live CD so I can export the VM images. I have backups of the important ones but I'd lose 18 hours of data and a new PBX VM that was just finished but not backed up yet. I've been reading and testing various suggestions from the web but until I get this unit back up all phones and E-Mail are down, which leads to a slight panic, which makes it difficult to read and understand :) The backup server is at another location so I'm trying to recover first. Any direction would be appreciated. Thanks, Jacob ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
[CentOS] rpmlib(PayloadIsLzma
I'm too settig up Hylafax and found ajhfc to be more user friendly than all the other cited fax frontend in the Hylafax repository. Hylafax-Server 6.0.5-1rhel5.i386.rpm Hylafax-Client-6.0.5-1rhel5.i386.rpm Centos 5.8 I downloaded and tried to install but failed yajhfc-0.5.2-1.noarch.rpm yajhfc-faxprinter-0.5.2-1.noarch.rpm tried too with yum and the result was the same I/m mising a dependency err6r as: [root@serveur 05-installe]# rpm -Uvh yajhfc-0.5* error: Failed dependencies: rpmlib(PayloadIsLzma) = 4.4.6-1 is needed by yajhfc-0.5.2-1.noarch On my system rpm is at level 4.4.2.3-28.el5_8 rpm froge-release is 0.5.2-2.el5.rf rpm-libs is at level 4.4.2.3-28.el5_8 I googled out all the afternoon without finding a solution to my problem. I can't find a place to get rpmlibs(PayloadIsLzma) Thank's in advence to care my request --- Michel Donais ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
[CentOS] Postfix login Name Error
Dear Friends, I have done basic postfix mail server configuration but problem is when I try to login then it is not taking my name . it is taking full name with domain name. My domain name is *studen.ac.in* My user name is jiten when I try to login with my name in a log it is showing * Sep 5 10:06:56 neu dovecot: imap-login: Aborted login (auth failed, 1 attempts): user=ji...@ac.in, method=PLAIN, rip=192.168.1.2, lip=10.112.1.2, secured * But when I try to login with* ji...@student.ac.in *it is working fine . So please help me how can I remove or hide my domain name when I and other user want to access my mail server . -- Thanks Regards Jitendra Jha +91-7498370550 ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] rpmlib(PayloadIsLzma
On Tue, 4 Sep 2012 21:47:06 -0400 Michel Donais wrote: I can't find a place to get rpmlibs(PayloadIsLzma) Having never heard of your yajhfc program before, three minutes of Google searching has told me the following: rpmlib(PayloadIsLzma) appears to be a Suse-ism. So your rpm is for Suse Linux, not any Red Hat distribution. I downloaded the yajhfc-0.5.2-1.noarch.rpm and took a quick look at the contents. Not much there -- mostly just a jar file, a script and a ppd file (printer driver). So you could just unpack that and sort the contents yourself, or simply download the jar file that's available on the same page as you downloaded the rpm file and use that. -- MELVILLE THEATRE ~ Real D 3D Digital Cinema ~ www.melvilletheatre.com www.creekfm.com - FIFTY THOUSAND WATTS of POW WOW POWER! ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
[CentOS] Mail Send and Receive Problem
Dear Friends , I have postfix mail server it is in running condition. But suddenly it is giving me error *Unknown user or password incorrect. * when I check log it is showing me *Sep 5 10:26:51 student dovecot: imap-login: Aborted login (auth failed, 1 attempts): user=ji...@student.ac.in, method=PLAIN, rip=192.168.1.2, lip=192.168.1.2, secured* After wait for few second it is giving me another log . Sep 5 10:08:45 student postfix/anvil[9307]: statistics: max connection rate 1/60s for (smtp:10.200.12.1) at Sep 5 10:05:25 Sep 5 10:08:45 student postfix/anvil[9307]: statistics: max connection count 1 for (smtp:10.200.12.1) at Sep 5 10:05:25 Sep 5 10:08:45 student postfix/anvil[9307]: statistics: max cache size 1 at Sep 5 10:05:25 Sep 5 10:13:56 student postfix/smtpd[9447]: connect from mailrly1.student.ac.in[192.168.1.2] Sep 5 10:13:56 student postfix/smtpd[9447]: warning: restriction check_sender_mx_access: bad argument /etc/postfix/maps/verisign_mx_access: need maptype:mapname Sep 5 10:13:56 student postfix/smtpd[9447]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from mailrly1.student.ac.in[192.168.1.2]: 451 4.3.5 Server configuration error; from=webmas...@strandbookstall.com to=di...@student.ac.in proto=SMTP helo=mailrly1.student.ac.in Sep 5 10:13:56 student postfix/cleanup[9451]: 20E2BFA0F54: message-id= 20120905044356.20e2bfa0...@student.student.ac.in Sep 5 10:13:56 student postfix/smtpd[9447]: disconnect from mailrly1.student.ac.in[192.168.1.2] Sep 5 10:13:56 student postfix/qmgr[9236]: 20E2BFA0F54: from= double-bou...@student.student.ac.in, size=791, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Sep 5 10:13:56 student postfix/virtual[9452]: 20E2BFA0F54: to= postmas...@student.ac.in, orig_to=postmaster, relay=virtual, delay=0.12, delays=0.06/0/0/0.05, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (unknown user: postmas...@student.ac.in) Sep 5 10:13:56 student postfix/bounce[9453]: warning: 20E2BFA0F54: undeliverable postmaster notification discarded Sep 5 10:13:56 student postfix/qmgr[9236]: 20E2BFA0F54: removed Sep 5 10:17:16 student postfix/anvil[9449]: statistics: max connection rate 1/60s for (smtp:192.168.1.2) at Sep 5 10:13:56 Sep 5 10:17:16 student postfix/anvil[9449]: statistics: max connection count 1 for (smtp:192.168.1.2) at Sep 5 10:13:56 Sep 5 10:17:16 student postfix/anvil[9449]: statistics: max cache size 1 at Sep 5 10:13:56 I am not understand why It is giving me error and how to solve it. Even I search on google also but not find any answer there. So Please help me to solve the problem. ASAP -- Thanks Regards Jitendra Jha +91-7498370550 ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
Re: [CentOS] Is glusterfs ready?
David C. Miller millerdc@... writes: - Original Message - From: John Doe jdmls@... To: Cent O Smailinglist centos@... Sent: Tuesday, August 28, 2012 3:14:29 AM Subject: [CentOS] Is glusterfs ready? Hey, since RH took control of glusterfs, I've been looking to convert our old independent RAID storage servers to several non RAID glustered ones. The thing is that I, here and there, heard a few frightening stories from some users (even with latest release). Any one has experienced with it long enough to think one can blindly trust it or if it is almost there but not yet ready? Heya, Well I guess I'm one of the frightening stories, or at least a previous employer was. They had a mere 0.1 petabyte store over 6 bricks yet they had incredible performance and reliability difficulties. I'm talking about a mission critical system being unavailable for weeks at a time. At least it wasn't customer facing (there was another set of servers for that). The system was down more than it was up. Reading was generally OK (but very slow) but multiple threads writing caused mayhem - I'm talking lost files and file system accesses going into the multiple minutes. In the end I implemented a 1-Tb store to be fuse-unioned over the top of the thing to take the impact of multiple threads writing to it. A single thread (overnight) brought the underlying glusterfs up to date. That got us more or less running but the darned thing spent most of its time re-indexing and balancing rather than serving files. To be fair, some of the problems were undoubtedly of their own making as 2 nodes were centos and 4 were fedora-12 - apparently the engineer couldn't find the installation CD for the 2 new nodes and 'made do' with what he had! I recall that a difference in the system 'sort' command gave all sorts of grief until it was discovered, never mind different versions of the gluster drivers. I'd endorse Johnny's comments about it not handling large numbers of small files well (ie ~ 10 Mb). I believe it was designed for large multi-media files such as clinical X-Rays. ie a small number of large files. Another factor is that the available space is the physical space divided by 4 due to the replication across the nodes on top of the nodes being RAID'd themselves. Lesse now - that was all of 6 months ago - unlike most of my war stories, it's not ancient history!! ___ CentOS mailing list CentOS@centos.org http://lists.centos.org/mailman/listinfo/centos
