Re: [CF-metadata] new standard name for solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence
ngth_due_to_solar_induced_chlorophyll_fluorescence (Canonical units: W m-2 sr-1 m-1) because the outgoing radiance is not necessarily in the PAR domain. Also we'd normally use nm-1 for the spectral part of the units, but I think this may not be allowed. --- I am aware of SIF data used at the following wavelengths : 755,757,771,772nm. Thanks! -Ranjini From: Martin Juckes - UKRI STFC Sent: Wednesday, January 23, 2019 1:41:05 PM To: Alison Pamment - UKRI STFC; Ranjini Swaminathan; mailto:cf-metadata@cgd.ucar.edu Subject: Re: new standard name for solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence Dear Ranjini, Alison, I'd like to propose a further modification to Alison's suggestion. Firstly, after reading a little about SIF (this is a useful description: http://terraluma.net/applications-2/uas-spectrometry-for-sun-induced-chlorophyll-fluorescence-retrieval/ ) I feel that the "photosynthetic" in "_photosynthetic_radiance_" is inappropriate here: the SIF is a small fraction (around 1%) of the incident photosynthetic radiation (less than the reflected component) and it has a different wavelength distribution. It is also redundant in this term, so "photosynthetic" can be left out. Secondly, SIF is often defined as "Solar Induced Flourescence", since adding chlorophyll is redundant. Hence, a shorter name could be used: toa_outgoing_radiance_per_unit_wavelength_due_to_solar_induced_fluorescence (Canonical units: W m-2 sr-1 m-1) 'The abbreviation "toa" means top of atmosphere. Radiance is the radiative flux in a particular direction, per unit of solid angle. The direction towards which it is going must be specified, for instance with a coordinate of zenith_angle. A coordinate variable for radiation wavelength should be given the standard name radiation_wavelength. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. Some of the solar energy absorbed by pigment systems of plant leaves during photosynthesis is re-emitted as fluorescence. This is called solar-induced (chlorophyll) fluorescence (SIF). It is a radiance that can be measured on a global scale at various wavelengths and by multiple space borne instruments. SIF is considered a measurement of the photosynthetic machinery in plants and can provide a direct approach for the diagnosis of the actual functional status of vegetation. It is therefore considered a functional proxy of terrestrial gross primary productivity which has the standard name gross_primary_productivity_of_biomass_expressed_as_carbon. SIF spans the wavelength range 600-800nm.' Is there a standard wavelength that SIF is retrieved at? It may be worth checking our definitions of "albedo". I think we have, in the past, assumed that "outgoing shortwave" was equivalent to "reflected". Hence, we have planetary_albedo defined in terms of the ratio of outgoing to incoming shortwave radiation: it should perhaps be the ratio of reflected to incoming shortwave radiation, which would exclude the contribution of fluorescence. We also have a "bioluminescent_photon_rate_in_sea_water" name ... but I don't think that is closely related. regards, Martin From: CF-metadata on behalf of Alison Pamment - UKRI STFC Sent: 06 December 2018 16:49 To: 'Ranjini Swaminathan'; mailto:cf-metadata@cgd.ucar.edu Subject: Re: [CF-metadata] new standard name for solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence Dear Ranjini, Thank you for proposing this new standard name and apologies for the delay in getting back to you. > Name : solar_induced_chlorophyll_fluorescence > Canonical Units : W/m^2/sr/micron > > Description: Some of the solar energy absorbed by pigment systems of plant > leaves are reemitted as fluorescent photons. This signal is called > solar-induced cholorophyll fluorescence (SIF) , is a radiance and can be > measured on a global scale at various > wavelengths and by multiple space borne instruments. SIF is considered a > measurement of the the photosynthetic machinery in plants and can provide a > direct approach for the diagnosis of the actual functional status of > vegetation. It is therefore also > considered a functional proxy of terrestrial Gross Primary Productivity. Certainly we don't currently have a standard name for this quantity, so we will need to introduce a new one. Where possible, we try to make new names consistent with existing ones and I found a few examples that may be helpful as templates for the quantity you are proposing . Firstly, we have some existing names related to photosynthetic fluxes, for example: fraction_of_surface_downwelling_photosynthetic_radiative_flux_a
Re: [CF-metadata] new standard name for solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence
ion: http://terraluma.net/applications-2/uas-spectrometry-for-sun-induced-chlorophyll-fluorescence-retrieval/ ) I feel that the "photosynthetic" in "_photosynthetic_radiance_" is inappropriate here: the SIF is a small fraction (around 1%) of the incident photosynthetic radiation (less than the reflected component) and it has a different wavelength distribution. It is also redundant in this term, so "photosynthetic" can be left out. Secondly, SIF is often defined as "Solar Induced Flourescence", since adding chlorophyll is redundant. Hence, a shorter name could be used: toa_outgoing_radiance_per_unit_wavelength_due_to_solar_induced_fluorescence (Canonical units: W m-2 sr-1 m-1) 'The abbreviation "toa" means top of atmosphere. Radiance is the radiative flux in a particular direction, per unit of solid angle. The direction towards which it is going must be specified, for instance with a coordinate of zenith_angle. A coordinate variable for radiation wavelength should be given the standard name radiation_wavelength. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. Some of the solar energy absorbed by pigment systems of plant leaves during photosynthesis is re-emitted as fluorescence. This is called solar-induced (chlorophyll) fluorescence (SIF). It is a radiance that can be measured on a global scale at various wavelengths and by multiple space borne instruments. SIF is considered a measurement of the photosynthetic machinery in plants and can provide a direct approach for the diagnosis of the actual functional status of vegetation. It is therefore considered a functional proxy of terrestrial gross primary productivity which has the standard name gross_primary_productivity_of_biomass_expressed_as_carbon. SIF spans the wavelength range 600-800nm.' Is there a standard wavelength that SIF is retrieved at? It may be worth checking our definitions of "albedo". I think we have, in the past, assumed that "outgoing shortwave" was equivalent to "reflected". Hence, we have planetary_albedo defined in terms of the ratio of outgoing to incoming shortwave radiation: it should perhaps be the ratio of reflected to incoming shortwave radiation, which would exclude the contribution of fluorescence. We also have a "bioluminescent_photon_rate_in_sea_water" name ... but I don't think that is closely related. regards, Martin From: CF-metadata on behalf of Alison Pamment - UKRI STFC Sent: 06 December 2018 16:49 To: 'Ranjini Swaminathan'; mailto:cf-metadata@cgd.ucar.edu Subject: Re: [CF-metadata] new standard name for solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence Dear Ranjini, Thank you for proposing this new standard name and apologies for the delay in getting back to you. > Name : solar_induced_chlorophyll_fluorescence > Canonical Units : W/m^2/sr/micron > > Description: Some of the solar energy absorbed by pigment systems of plant > leaves are reemitted as fluorescent photons. This signal is called > solar-induced cholorophyll fluorescence (SIF) , is a radiance and can be > measured on a global scale at various > wavelengths and by multiple space borne instruments. SIF is considered a > measurement of the the photosynthetic machinery in plants and can provide a > direct approach for the diagnosis of the actual functional status of > vegetation. It is therefore also > considered a functional proxy of terrestrial Gross Primary Productivity. Certainly we don't currently have a standard name for this quantity, so we will need to introduce a new one. Where possible, we try to make new names consistent with existing ones and I found a few examples that may be helpful as templates for the quantity you are proposing . Firstly, we have some existing names related to photosynthetic fluxes, for example: fraction_of_surface_downwelling_photosynthetic_radiative_flux_absorbed_by_vegetation (Canonical Units: 1) ' Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean "net downward". The sign convention is that "upwelling" is positive upwards and "downwelling" is positive downwards. The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The quantity with standard name fraction_of_surface_downwelling_photosynthetic_radiative_flux_absorbed_by_vegetation, often called Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR), is the fraction of incoming solar radiation in the photosynthetically active radiation spectral region that is absorbed by a vegetation canopy. "Photosynthetic" radiation is the part of the spectrum which is used in photosynthesis e.g. 400-700 nm. The range of
Re: [CF-metadata] new standard name for solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence
ibution. It is also redundant in this term, so "photosynthetic" can be left out. Secondly, SIF is often defined as "Solar Induced Flourescence", since adding chlorophyll is redundant. Hence, a shorter name could be used: toa_outgoing_radiance_per_unit_wavelength_due_to_solar_induced_fluorescence (Canonical units: W m-2 sr-1 m-1) 'The abbreviation "toa" means top of atmosphere. Radiance is the radiative flux in a particular direction, per unit of solid angle. The direction towards which it is going must be specified, for instance with a coordinate of zenith_angle. A coordinate variable for radiation wavelength should be given the standard name radiation_wavelength. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. Some of the solar energy absorbed by pigment systems of plant leaves during photosynthesis is re-emitted as fluorescence. This is called solar-induced (chlorophyll) fluorescence (SIF). It is a radiance that can be measured on a global scale at various wavelengths and by multiple space borne instruments. SIF is considered a measurement of the photosynthetic machinery in plants and can provide a direct approach for the diagnosis of the actual functional status of vegetation. It is therefore considered a functional proxy of terrestrial gross primary productivity which has the standard name gross_primary_productivity_of_biomass_expressed_as_carbon. SIF spans the wavelength range 600-800nm.' Is there a standard wavelength that SIF is retrieved at? It may be worth checking our definitions of "albedo". I think we have, in the past, assumed that "outgoing shortwave" was equivalent to "reflected". Hence, we have planetary_albedo defined in terms of the ratio of outgoing to incoming shortwave radiation: it should perhaps be the ratio of reflected to incoming shortwave radiation, which would exclude the contribution of fluorescence. We also have a "bioluminescent_photon_rate_in_sea_water" name ... but I don't think that is closely related. regards, Martin From: CF-metadata on behalf of Alison Pamment - UKRI STFC Sent: 06 December 2018 16:49 To: 'Ranjini Swaminathan'; mailto:cf-metadata@cgd.ucar.edu Subject: Re: [CF-metadata] new standard name for solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence Dear Ranjini, Thank you for proposing this new standard name and apologies for the delay in getting back to you. > Name : solar_induced_chlorophyll_fluorescence > Canonical Units : W/m^2/sr/micron > > Description: Some of the solar energy absorbed by pigment systems of plant > leaves are reemitted as fluorescent photons. This signal is called > solar-induced cholorophyll fluorescence (SIF) , is a radiance and can be > measured on a global scale at various > wavelengths and by multiple space borne instruments. SIF is considered a > measurement of the the photosynthetic machinery in plants and can provide a > direct approach for the diagnosis of the actual functional status of > vegetation. It is therefore also > considered a functional proxy of terrestrial Gross Primary Productivity. Certainly we don't currently have a standard name for this quantity, so we will need to introduce a new one. Where possible, we try to make new names consistent with existing ones and I found a few examples that may be helpful as templates for the quantity you are proposing . Firstly, we have some existing names related to photosynthetic fluxes, for example: fraction_of_surface_downwelling_photosynthetic_radiative_flux_absorbed_by_vegetation (Canonical Units: 1) ' Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean "net downward". The sign convention is that "upwelling" is positive upwards and "downwelling" is positive downwards. The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The quantity with standard name fraction_of_surface_downwelling_photosynthetic_radiative_flux_absorbed_by_vegetation, often called Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR), is the fraction of incoming solar radiation in the photosynthetically active radiation spectral region that is absorbed by a vegetation canopy. "Photosynthetic" radiation is the part of the spectrum which is used in photosynthesis e.g. 400-700 nm. The range of wavelengths could be specified precisely by the bounds of a coordinate of "radiation_wavelength". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-met er and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In ac
Re: [CF-metadata] new standard name for solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence
Dear Martin, Alison, I am including some feedback from colleagues on this: Would the following name be suited? -- toa_outgoing_radiance_per_unit_wavelength_due_to_solar_induced_chlorophyll_fluorescence (Canonical units: W m-2 sr-1 m-1) because the outgoing radiance is not necessarily in the PAR domain. Also we'd normally use nm-1 for the spectral part of the units, but I think this may not be allowed. --- I am aware of SIF data used at the following wavelengths : 755,757,771,772nm. Thanks! -Ranjini From: Martin Juckes - UKRI STFC Sent: Wednesday, January 23, 2019 1:41:05 PM To: Alison Pamment - UKRI STFC; Ranjini Swaminathan; cf-metadata@cgd.ucar.edu Subject: Re: new standard name for solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence Dear Ranjini, Alison, I'd like to propose a further modification to Alison's suggestion. Firstly, after reading a little about SIF (this is a useful description: http://terraluma.net/applications-2/uas-spectrometry-for-sun-induced-chlorophyll-fluorescence-retrieval/ ) I feel that the "photosynthetic" in "_photosynthetic_radiance_" is inappropriate here: the SIF is a small fraction (around 1%) of the incident photosynthetic radiation (less than the reflected component) and it has a different wavelength distribution. It is also redundant in this term, so "photosynthetic" can be left out. Secondly, SIF is often defined as "Solar Induced Flourescence", since adding chlorophyll is redundant. Hence, a shorter name could be used: toa_outgoing_radiance_per_unit_wavelength_due_to_solar_induced_fluorescence (Canonical units: W m-2 sr-1 m-1) 'The abbreviation "toa" means top of atmosphere. Radiance is the radiative flux in a particular direction, per unit of solid angle. The direction towards which it is going must be specified, for instance with a coordinate of zenith_angle. A coordinate variable for radiation wavelength should be given the standard name radiation_wavelength. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. Some of the solar energy absorbed by pigment systems of plant leaves during photosynthesis is re-emitted as fluorescence. This is called solar-induced (chlorophyll) fluorescence (SIF). It is a radiance that can be measured on a global scale at various wavelengths and by multiple space borne instruments. SIF is considered a measurement of the photosynthetic machinery in plants and can provide a direct approach for the diagnosis of the actual functional status of vegetation. It is therefore considered a functional proxy of terrestrial gross primary productivity which has the standard name gross_primary_productivity_of_biomass_expressed_as_carbon. SIF spans the wavelength range 600-800nm.' Is there a standard wavelength that SIF is retrieved at? It may be worth checking our definitions of "albedo". I think we have, in the past, assumed that "outgoing shortwave" was equivalent to "reflected". Hence, we have planetary_albedo defined in terms of the ratio of outgoing to incoming shortwave radiation: it should perhaps be the ratio of reflected to incoming shortwave radiation, which would exclude the contribution of fluorescence. We also have a "bioluminescent_photon_rate_in_sea_water" name ... but I don't think that is closely related. regards, Martin From: CF-metadata on behalf of Alison Pamment - UKRI STFC Sent: 06 December 2018 16:49 To: 'Ranjini Swaminathan'; cf-metadata@cgd.ucar.edu Subject: Re: [CF-metadata] new standard name for solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence Dear Ranjini, Thank you for proposing this new standard name and apologies for the delay in getting back to you. > Name : solar_induced_chlorophyll_fluorescence > Canonical Units : W/m^2/sr/micron > > Description: Some of the solar energy absorbed by pigment systems of plant > leaves are reemitted as fluorescent photons. This signal is called > solar-induced cholorophyll fluorescence (SIF) , is a radiance and can be > measured on a global scale at various > wavelengths and by multiple space borne instruments. SIF is considered a > measurement of the the photosynthetic machinery in plants and can provide a > direct approach for the diagnosis of the actual functional status of > vegetation. It is therefore also > considered a functional proxy of terrestrial Gross Primary Productivity. Certainly we don't currently have a standard name for this quantity, so we will need to introduce a new one. Where possible, we try to make new names consistent with existing ones and I found a few examples that may be helpful
Re: [CF-metadata] new standard name for solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence
Dear Ranjini, Alison, I'd like to propose a further modification to Alison's suggestion. Firstly, after reading a little about SIF (this is a useful description: http://terraluma.net/applications-2/uas-spectrometry-for-sun-induced-chlorophyll-fluorescence-retrieval/ ) I feel that the "photosynthetic" in "_photosynthetic_radiance_" is inappropriate here: the SIF is a small fraction (around 1%) of the incident photosynthetic radiation (less than the reflected component) and it has a different wavelength distribution. It is also redundant in this term, so "photosynthetic" can be left out. Secondly, SIF is often defined as "Solar Induced Flourescence", since adding chlorophyll is redundant. Hence, a shorter name could be used: toa_outgoing_radiance_per_unit_wavelength_due_to_solar_induced_fluorescence (Canonical units: W m-2 sr-1 m-1) 'The abbreviation "toa" means top of atmosphere. Radiance is the radiative flux in a particular direction, per unit of solid angle. The direction towards which it is going must be specified, for instance with a coordinate of zenith_angle. A coordinate variable for radiation wavelength should be given the standard name radiation_wavelength. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. Some of the solar energy absorbed by pigment systems of plant leaves during photosynthesis is re-emitted as fluorescence. This is called solar-induced (chlorophyll) fluorescence (SIF). It is a radiance that can be measured on a global scale at various wavelengths and by multiple space borne instruments. SIF is considered a measurement of the photosynthetic machinery in plants and can provide a direct approach for the diagnosis of the actual functional status of vegetation. It is therefore considered a functional proxy of terrestrial gross primary productivity which has the standard name gross_primary_productivity_of_biomass_expressed_as_carbon. SIF spans the wavelength range 600-800nm.' Is there a standard wavelength that SIF is retrieved at? It may be worth checking our definitions of "albedo". I think we have, in the past, assumed that "outgoing shortwave" was equivalent to "reflected". Hence, we have planetary_albedo defined in terms of the ratio of outgoing to incoming shortwave radiation: it should perhaps be the ratio of reflected to incoming shortwave radiation, which would exclude the contribution of fluorescence. We also have a "bioluminescent_photon_rate_in_sea_water" name ... but I don't think that is closely related. regards, Martin From: CF-metadata on behalf of Alison Pamment - UKRI STFC Sent: 06 December 2018 16:49 To: 'Ranjini Swaminathan'; cf-metadata@cgd.ucar.edu Subject: Re: [CF-metadata] new standard name for solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence Dear Ranjini, Thank you for proposing this new standard name and apologies for the delay in getting back to you. > Name : solar_induced_chlorophyll_fluorescence > Canonical Units : W/m^2/sr/micron > > Description: Some of the solar energy absorbed by pigment systems of plant > leaves are reemitted as fluorescent photons. This signal is called > solar-induced cholorophyll fluorescence (SIF) , is a radiance and can be > measured on a global scale at various > wavelengths and by multiple space borne instruments. SIF is considered a > measurement of the the photosynthetic machinery in plants and can provide a > direct approach for the diagnosis of the actual functional status of > vegetation. It is therefore also > considered a functional proxy of terrestrial Gross Primary Productivity. Certainly we don't currently have a standard name for this quantity, so we will need to introduce a new one. Where possible, we try to make new names consistent with existing ones and I found a few examples that may be helpful as templates for the quantity you are proposing . Firstly, we have some existing names related to photosynthetic fluxes, for example: fraction_of_surface_downwelling_photosynthetic_radiative_flux_absorbed_by_vegetation (Canonical Units: 1) ' Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean "net downward". The sign convention is that "upwelling" is positive upwards and "downwelling" is positive downwards. The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The quantity with standard name fraction_of_surface_downwelling_photosynthetic_radiative_flux_absorbed_by_vegetation, often called Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR), is the fraction of incoming solar radiation in the photosynthetically active radiation spectral region t
Re: [CF-metadata] new standard name for solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence
Dear Ranjini, Thank you for proposing this new standard name and apologies for the delay in getting back to you. > Name : solar_induced_chlorophyll_fluorescence > Canonical Units : W/m^2/sr/micron > > Description: Some of the solar energy absorbed by pigment systems of plant > leaves are reemitted as fluorescent photons. This signal is called > solar-induced cholorophyll fluorescence (SIF) , is a radiance and can be > measured on a global scale at various > wavelengths and by multiple space borne instruments. SIF is considered a > measurement of the the photosynthetic machinery in plants and can provide a > direct approach for the diagnosis of the actual functional status of > vegetation. It is therefore also > considered a functional proxy of terrestrial Gross Primary Productivity. Certainly we don't currently have a standard name for this quantity, so we will need to introduce a new one. Where possible, we try to make new names consistent with existing ones and I found a few examples that may be helpful as templates for the quantity you are proposing . Firstly, we have some existing names related to photosynthetic fluxes, for example: fraction_of_surface_downwelling_photosynthetic_radiative_flux_absorbed_by_vegetation (Canonical Units: 1) ' Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean "net downward". The sign convention is that "upwelling" is positive upwards and "downwelling" is positive downwards. The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The quantity with standard name fraction_of_surface_downwelling_photosynthetic_radiative_flux_absorbed_by_vegetation, often called Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR), is the fraction of incoming solar radiation in the photosynthetically active radiation spectral region that is absorbed by a vegetation canopy. "Photosynthetic" radiation is the part of the spectrum which is used in photosynthesis e.g. 400-700 nm. The range of wavelengths could be specified precisely by the bounds of a coordinate of "radiation_wavelength". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. "Vegetation" means any plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass. The term "plants" refers to the kingdom of plants in the modern classification which excludes fungi. Plants are autotrophs i.e. "producers" of biomass using carbon obtained from carbon dioxide.' We also have existing radiance names, for example: surface_downwelling_radiance_in_sea_water (Canonical units: W m-2 sr-1) 'The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean "net downward". The sign convention is that "upwelling" is positive upwards and "downwelling" is positive downwards. Radiance is the radiative flux in a particular direction, per unit of solid angle. The direction from which it is coming must be specified, for instance with a coordinate of zenith_angle. If the radiation does not depend on direction, a standard name of isotropic radiance should be chosen instead.' Also: surface_downwelling_radiance_per_unit_wavelength_in_sea_water (Canonical units: W m-2 m-1 sr-1) 'The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean "net downward". The sign convention is that "upwelling" is positive upwards and "downwelling" is positive downwards. Radiance is the radiative flux in a particular direction, per unit of solid angle. The direction from which it is coming must be specified, for instance with a coordinate of zenith_angle. If the radiation does not depend on direction, a standard name of isotropic radiance should be chosen instead. A coordinate variable for radiation wavelength should be given the standard name radiation_wavelength.' toa_outgoing_radiance_per_unit_wavelength (Canonical units: W m-2 sr-1 m-1) 'The abbreviation "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing radiance is the upwelling radiance, i.e., toward outer space. Radiance is the radiative flux in a particular direction, per unit of solid angle. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. Your description says the proposed quantity is a radiance, so we should state that in the name itself. Also we need to state a direction (upwelling/downwelling in air or incoming/outgoing at toa). Since this is radiation originating from vegetation on the earth's surface I assume we want to call it an upwelling or outgoing flux. It is being measured from space, which would suggest a toa quantity.
