Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-21 Thread db
File Metadata is a wonderful thing but it seems to me unless you are 
using it yourself for yourself, like professional photogs do, it opens 
opens up a whole indexing discipline can of worms. 

Wouldn't metadata indexing work spottily unless you have put a LOT of 
professional caliber design planning into it before you start and then 
execute it throughout the database's lifespan with consistency?


Classical filing by location, filename or date, automatically imposes a 
simple system and discipline to the project from the start.   It seems 
to me that people .. run of the mill employees, volunteers etc are more 
likely to understand and perform, file naming and folder distribution 
than they are to reliably and uniformly tag files.


One has to do that to accomplish anything but you can put one badly 
thought out tag on a file, call it done and it will be next to useless 
for retrieval purposes.


?

db

Tony B wrote:

Ya, but often the fields are different. i.e., You want to describe
that photo as Uncle George, Atlantic City, July 2008, Aunt
Mary, Casino, Beach, vacations. What field are you going to put
these in so that ALL your apps will read and can use the data? And how
many of your apps will pass that data to the right place if the file
is converted from a .jpg to a .png? Or .tif? Heck, many apps just
strip all the metadata during simple picture manipulations and don't
even tell you!

I know you hate it, I do too frankly, but if MS gets behind it then it
_will_ become some sort of standard. Until then, it's next to useless.


On Sat, Jun 20, 2009 at 2:45 PM, t.piwowart...@tjpa.com wrote:
  

On Jun 20, 2009, at 2:25 PM, Tony B wrote:


We've discussed this before on the list. The new WinFS file system was
supposed to be implemented with Vista and would have used metadata in
files to sort them.
  

Yes, M$ dropped the ball, but you don't need WinFS to do metadata. Metadata
is defined in the specs for JPEG and TIFF files and probably others too.

Seems to me that a photo management program would be able to manage scanned
docs just as well.




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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-21 Thread t.piwowar

On Jun 21, 2009, at 12:52 PM, db wrote:
File Metadata is a wonderful thing but it seems to me unless you  
are using it yourself for yourself, like professional photogs do,  
it opens opens up a whole indexing discipline can of worms.
Classical filing by location, filename or date, automatically  
imposes a simple system and discipline to the project from the  
start.   It seems to me that people .. run of the mill employees,  
volunteers etc are more likely to understand and perform, file  
naming and folder distribution than they are to reliably and  
uniformly tag files.


Things things you list are tags. In some systems many of these can  
even be applied automatically.


Additional tags may or may not make a mess. Some people name their  
folders poorly and scatter them in various locations on their hard  
drive, server, cloud etc. I don't see how tags would be any worse.  
They could potentially be better because they would work even it  
situations where the folder organization was a mess.


The most important tags are often about the people in the photos. It  
is interesting that Apple added face recognition to iPhoto to do  
precisely that. For a version 1.0 product it ain't bad.



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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-21 Thread t.piwowar

On Jun 20, 2009, at 3:18 PM, Tony B wrote:

I know you hate it, I do too frankly, but if MS gets behind it then it
_will_ become some sort of standard. Until then, it's next to useless.


Your faith in the Supreme Ayatollah is touching.

I have not seen any evidence that M$ has any particular expertise in  
this. Well defined tagging already exists and is commonly used. We  
really don't need a johnny-come-lately messing things up.



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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-20 Thread t.piwowar

On Jun 20, 2009, at 12:50 AM, Constance Warner wrote:
By contrast, the computerized fax-on-demand service, which I DID  
supervise: I used a FileMaker Pro database; the paper documents  
were classified and entered into the database before anything was  
scanned.   I always knew where to find any type or category of  
document--or any particular title--and the members did too.


I am a big fan of FileMaker. However, I'm thinking that there are  
newer, better ways to do it.


If you embed metadata in each file you can have all the database-like  
fields stored with the document. This eliminates database maintenance  
and coordination issues entirely. I think this would be a significant  
management advantage.


Then all you need is a document reader that can search and filter on  
the metadata. There are bunches of free/inexpensive applications  
aimed at photographers that do this. The OS X Finder is also steadily  
getting better at accessing files based on metadata. I don't know how  
far along M$ has come.



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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-20 Thread Stephen Brownfield

What is metadata? Where can I find out more about it?
Thanks

Steve


t.piwowar wrote:
If you embed metadata in each file you can have all the database-like 
fields stored with the document. This eliminates database maintenance 
and coordination issues entirely. I think this would be a significant 
management advantage.


Then all you need is a document reader that can search and filter on 
the metadata. There are bunches of free/inexpensive applications aimed 
at photographers that do this. The OS X Finder is also steadily 
getting better at accessing files based on metadata. I don't know how 
far along M$ has come.



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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-20 Thread Matthew Taylor
What are good tools for imbedding metadata in files that would not  
otherwise have such?


On Jun 20, 2009, at 11:24 AM, t.piwowar wrote:


If you embed metadata in each file



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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-20 Thread db

Google it... wikipedia will have an good description

Stephen Brownfield wrote:

What is metadata? Where can I find out more about it?
Thanks

Steve


t.piwowar wrote:
If you embed metadata in each file you can have all the database-like 
fields stored with the document. This eliminates database maintenance 
and coordination issues entirely. I think this would be a significant 
management advantage.


Then all you need is a document reader that can search and filter on 
the metadata. There are bunches of free/inexpensive applications 
aimed at photographers that do this. The OS X Finder is also steadily 
getting better at accessing files based on metadata. I don't know how 
far along M$ has come.



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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-20 Thread t.piwowar

On Jun 20, 2009, at 12:17 PM, db wrote:

Google it... wikipedia will have an good description


Thanks, I did not want to be the meanie to say that.

Please folks, do some basic research first and bring the interesting  
questions here.



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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-20 Thread Tony B
We've discussed this before on the list. The new WinFS file system was
supposed to be implemented with Vista and would have used metadata in
files to sort them.

The old idea of a hard drive with folders within folders within
subfolders would no longer be necessary. Store all your files in root,
but view them by using metadata filters.

Sounds cool to me, but MS has no plans to introduce it anytime soon.
It isn't in Win7 either AFAIK.


On Sat, Jun 20, 2009 at 12:19 PM, Matthew
Taylortaylorsmatt...@gmail.com wrote:
 What are good tools for imbedding metadata in files that would not otherwise
 have such?

 On Jun 20, 2009, at 11:24 AM, t.piwowar wrote:

 If you embed metadata in each file


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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-20 Thread t.piwowar

On Jun 20, 2009, at 2:25 PM, Tony B wrote:

We've discussed this before on the list. The new WinFS file system was
supposed to be implemented with Vista and would have used metadata in
files to sort them.


Yes, M$ dropped the ball, but you don't need WinFS to do metadata.  
Metadata is defined in the specs for JPEG and TIFF files and probably  
others too.


Seems to me that a photo management program would be able to manage  
scanned docs just as well.



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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-20 Thread Tony B
Ya, but often the fields are different. i.e., You want to describe
that photo as Uncle George, Atlantic City, July 2008, Aunt
Mary, Casino, Beach, vacations. What field are you going to put
these in so that ALL your apps will read and can use the data? And how
many of your apps will pass that data to the right place if the file
is converted from a .jpg to a .png? Or .tif? Heck, many apps just
strip all the metadata during simple picture manipulations and don't
even tell you!

I know you hate it, I do too frankly, but if MS gets behind it then it
_will_ become some sort of standard. Until then, it's next to useless.


On Sat, Jun 20, 2009 at 2:45 PM, t.piwowart...@tjpa.com wrote:
 On Jun 20, 2009, at 2:25 PM, Tony B wrote:

 We've discussed this before on the list. The new WinFS file system was
 supposed to be implemented with Vista and would have used metadata in
 files to sort them.

 Yes, M$ dropped the ball, but you don't need WinFS to do metadata. Metadata
 is defined in the specs for JPEG and TIFF files and probably others too.

 Seems to me that a photo management program would be able to manage scanned
 docs just as well.


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[CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-19 Thread Constance Warner

Has anyone used Base, the database program of Open Office?

If so, what did you think of it?  What happened when you tried to use  
it?


Any other database recommendations?

For an acquaintance who's trying to organize a lot of documents to  
put on a website, I was going to recommend FileMaker Pro, which I've  
worked with for years and which can produce crash-proof databases.   
But it's kind of expensive.   What do you think?


--Constance Warner


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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-19 Thread Tony B
We've tried it. It worked good. But then, so did Zoho, and so does
Google Docs. What actually forced us to keep using Office was envelope
printing, which I could never quite get right in OO.

I've never actually tried to put a bunch of documents online, so I
can't speak with any experience. But I don't think Office can do it.
If they just want to make a list to be manually copied somewhere, that
could be done with virtually any app including notepad. If they're
making a website, they should probably work with whatever the site is
using (e.g. Wordpress). Actually, now I think about it, I do keep
maybe a dozen important company documents online - I just used
Dreamweaver to make a list.


On Fri, Jun 19, 2009 at 2:15 AM, Constance Warnercawar...@his.com wrote:
 Has anyone used Base, the database program of Open Office?

 If so, what did you think of it?  What happened when you tried to use it?

 Any other database recommendations?

 For an acquaintance who's trying to organize a lot of documents to put on a
 website, I was going to recommend FileMaker Pro, which I've worked with for
 years and which can produce crash-proof databases.  But it's kind of
 expensive.   What do you think?


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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-19 Thread t.piwowar

On Jun 19, 2009, at 2:15 AM, Constance Warner wrote:
For an acquaintance who's trying to organize a lot of documents to  
put on a website, I was going to recommend FileMaker Pro, which  
I've worked with for years and which can produce crash-proof  
databases.  But it's kind of expensive.   What do you think?


I'm confused. Are these documents or databases that are to be posted  
online? Flat files or relational model? The details make a big  
difference in software selection.



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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-19 Thread Constance Warner
It's like this: I was visiting the offices of a small nonprofit  
dedicated to promoting civic activism and getting out the vote.  One  
of the staff members gestured towards a filing cabinet and some  
banker boxes and said, We'd like to get these [documents] organized  
and have a way to get these out to our field organizers when they  
want them and when we need to send them.  They'd been using fax,  
U.S. mail, and hand carrying the documents in the past.  Right now,  
most of the documents aren't even in electronic format.  They have  
basic computers, of course, but neither they nor their field  
organizers can afford the latest electronic bells and whistles (no  
iPhones, for example).  A lot of small nonprofits are like that.


So I was trying to offer them a few basic suggestions.  FileMaker Pro  
would be nice for them to use to index their documents, because it's  
easy to use and, once it's set up properly, it's practically crash- 
proof.  On the other hand, it's expensive.  Base is free, but I've  
never used it (and neither has anybody else I know).  Somebody else-- 
not me--will be doing the work for this nonprofit, but these are very  
nice people and I wanted to offer them a few signposts.


They're really brilliant, politically; they just haven't had the time  
to get really computer savvy, or the money for the latest computers,  
webmasters, or IT workers.


--Constance Warner


On Jun 19, 2009, at 10:49 AM, t.piwowar wrote:


On Jun 19, 2009, at 2:15 AM, Constance Warner wrote:
For an acquaintance who's trying to organize a lot of documents to  
put on a website, I was going to recommend FileMaker Pro, which  
I've worked with for years and which can produce crash-proof  
databases.  But it's kind of expensive.   What do you think?


I'm confused. Are these documents or databases that are to be  
posted online? Flat files or relational model? The details make a  
big difference in software selection.






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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-19 Thread Brian Jones
I have tried to use Open Office to mail merge to email... discovered it was 
not possible (as of 2008).  I suspect there are other shortfalls in Open 
Office as well.
Constance, If this is a paid consult, I would steer them towards the more 
expensive (but better supported and more reliable) products to help them 
achieve their mission and reflect better light on yourself.  Saving them 
money is good, but only if you are SURE that it won't backfire on your 
reputation.


 - Brian

- Original Message - 
From: Constance Warner cawar...@his.com

Subject: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?


Has anyone used Base, the database program of Open Office?

If so, what did you think of it? 



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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-19 Thread Tony B
Okay, so we have a whole honking *file cabinet* full of paper
documents that need to be scanned and put online. This is not going to
be an easy task.

But you're skipping all the way to almost the end of the project and
asking about databases. Long before you worry about a db you need to
figure out how to scan the stuff. Most commercial scanners will come
with some sort of document management app. I think.

Monumental task, not for a database app at all. What you want is a
sheet-fed scanner with document management software. I dunno, but
here's a random link via a search for sheet fed document management:
http://ask-leo.com/fujitsu_scansnap_a_fast_sheetfed_document_scanner.html


On Fri, Jun 19, 2009 at 1:06 PM, Constance Warnercawar...@his.com wrote:
 It's like this: I was visiting the offices of a small nonprofit dedicated to
 promoting civic activism and getting out the vote.  One of the staff members
 gestured towards a filing cabinet and some banker boxes and said, We'd like
 to get these [documents] organized and have a way to get these out to our
 field organizers when they want them and when we need to send them.  They'd
 been using fax, U.S. mail, and hand carrying the documents in the past.
  Right now, most of the documents aren't even in electronic format.  They
 have basic computers, of course, but neither they nor their field organizers
 can afford the latest electronic bells and whistles (no iPhones, for
 example).  A lot of small nonprofits are like that.

 So I was trying to offer them a few basic suggestions.  FileMaker Pro would
 be nice for them to use to index their documents, because it's easy to use
 and, once it's set up properly, it's practically crash-proof.  On the other
 hand, it's expensive.  Base is free, but I've never used it (and neither has
 anybody else I know).  Somebody else--not me--will be doing the work for
 this nonprofit, but these are very nice people and I wanted to offer them a
 few signposts.

 They're really brilliant, politically; they just haven't had the time to get
 really computer savvy, or the money for the latest computers, webmasters, or
 IT workers.


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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-19 Thread Ellen Rains Harris

Constance,

If I were them, I would scan all the docs as PDF files, then index them in a 
hyperlinked .xls file that serves as the index.


It's simple to do, you can throw the whole directory up on a website behind 
a login and password, and with a reasonable scanner, they can do about a 
five drawer filecabinet a week.


Further, if they choose to, they can bulk OCR them and make each page that's 
legible searchable.


It's cheap and easy and I've done it with OpenOffice.

- Original Message - 
From: Constance Warner cawar...@his.com

To: COMPUTERGUYS-L@LISTSERV.AOL.COM
Sent: Friday, June 19, 2009 1:06 PM
Subject: Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?


It's like this: I was visiting the offices of a small nonprofit  dedicated 
to promoting civic activism and getting out the vote.  One  of the staff 
members gestured towards a filing cabinet and some  banker boxes and said, 
We'd like to get these [documents] organized  and have a way to get these 
out to our field organizers when they  want them and when we need to send 
them.  They'd been using fax,  U.S. mail, and hand carrying the documents 
in the past.  Right now,  most of the documents aren't even in electronic 
format.  They have  basic computers, of course, but neither they nor their 
field  organizers can afford the latest electronic bells and whistles (no 
iPhones, for example).  A lot of small nonprofits are like that.


So I was trying to offer them a few basic suggestions.  FileMaker Pro 
would be nice for them to use to index their documents, because it's  easy 
to use and, once it's set up properly, it's practically crash- proof.  On 
the other hand, it's expensive.  Base is free, but I've  never used it 
(and neither has anybody else I know).  Somebody else-- 
not me--will be doing the work for this nonprofit, but these are very 
nice people and I wanted to offer them a few signposts.


They're really brilliant, politically; they just haven't had the time  to 
get really computer savvy, or the money for the latest computers, 
webmasters, or IT workers.


--Constance Warner


On Jun 19, 2009, at 10:49 AM, t.piwowar wrote:


On Jun 19, 2009, at 2:15 AM, Constance Warner wrote:
For an acquaintance who's trying to organize a lot of documents to  put 
on a website, I was going to recommend FileMaker Pro, which  I've worked 
with for years and which can produce crash-proof  databases.  But it's 
kind of expensive.   What do you think?


I'm confused. Are these documents or databases that are to be  posted 
online? Flat files or relational model? The details make a  big 
difference in software selection.






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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-19 Thread t.piwowar

On Jun 19, 2009, at 1:06 PM, Constance Warner wrote:
It's like this: I was visiting the offices of a small nonprofit  
dedicated to promoting civic activism and getting out the vote.   
One of the staff members gestured towards a filing cabinet and some  
banker boxes and said, We'd like to get these [documents]  
organized and have a way to get these out to our field organizers  
when they want them and when we need to send them.  They'd been  
using fax, U.S. mail, and hand carrying the documents in the past.   
Right now, most of the documents aren't even in electronic format.   
They have basic computers, of course, but neither they nor their  
field organizers can afford the latest electronic bells and  
whistles (no iPhones, for example).  A lot of small nonprofits are  
like that.


This does not look to me like a job for a database.

Step 1 would be digitizing all the documents. A huge job. So step  
zero is identifying a (hopefully small) subset that is most used.  
These would be scanned to PDF and possibly OCRed by Acrobat for  
searching. That's what summer interns are made for and this year  
those are easy to get. So Acrobat would be the big expense. They need  
to check with Stone Soup to see if they qualify for the non-profit  
price.


The storage schema really depends of what their content looks like. A  
series of hierarchical folders may suffice. Storage using a tagging  
file system would probably be the best. There are $25 add-ons for OS  
X that support this. MS cancelled that promise for Vista.


Also need to make sure that backups are up to snuff. I know of one  
association that moved years of documents online and then lost all  
their files.



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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-19 Thread Stephen Brownfield

t.piwowar wrote:

This does not look to me like a job for a database.

Step 1 would be digitizing all the documents. . . .  So Acrobat would 
be the big expense. They need to check with Stone Soup to see if they 
qualify for the non-profit price.

Tom,
   Did you mean TechSoup I do recommend that they check with them 
(http://www.techsoup.org/) 


Steve


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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-19 Thread t.piwowar

On Jun 19, 2009, at 6:02 PM, Stephen Brownfield wrote:
   Did you mean TechSoup I do recommend that they check with  
them (http://www.techsoup.org/)


Thanks Steve. Yes that was a brain cramp.


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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-19 Thread db
Somebody I know uses Open Source Alfresco document management with a 
commercial canon scanner.


But there is a lot of techie setup and server overhead and sometimes 
paper and drawers are in certain ways just easier and cheaper.


basically tech by itself ... a software program or a digital tool ... 
isn't an answer without the tech skills and overhead that set it up, do 
the training of users and maintain it thereafter.


db

Tony B wrote:

Okay, so we have a whole honking *file cabinet* full of paper
documents that need to be scanned and put online. This is not going to
be an easy task.

But you're skipping all the way to almost the end of the project and
asking about databases. Long before you worry about a db you need to
figure out how to scan the stuff. Most commercial scanners will come
with some sort of document management app. I think.

Monumental task, not for a database app at all. What you want is a
sheet-fed scanner with document management software. I dunno, but
here's a random link via a search for sheet fed document management:
http://ask-leo.com/fujitsu_scansnap_a_fast_sheetfed_document_scanner.html


On Fri, Jun 19, 2009 at 1:06 PM, Constance Warnercawar...@his.com wrote:
  

It's like this: I was visiting the offices of a small nonprofit dedicated to
promoting civic activism and getting out the vote.  One of the staff members
gestured towards a filing cabinet and some banker boxes and said, We'd like
to get these [documents] organized and have a way to get these out to our
field organizers when they want them and when we need to send them.  They'd
been using fax, U.S. mail, and hand carrying the documents in the past.
 Right now, most of the documents aren't even in electronic format.  They
have basic computers, of course, but neither they nor their field organizers
can afford the latest electronic bells and whistles (no iPhones, for
example).  A lot of small nonprofits are like that.

So I was trying to offer them a few basic suggestions.  FileMaker Pro would
be nice for them to use to index their documents, because it's easy to use
and, once it's set up properly, it's practically crash-proof.  On the other
hand, it's expensive.  Base is free, but I've never used it (and neither has
anybody else I know).  Somebody else--not me--will be doing the work for
this nonprofit, but these are very nice people and I wanted to offer them a
few signposts.

They're really brilliant, politically; they just haven't had the time to get
really computer savvy, or the money for the latest computers, webmasters, or
IT workers.




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Re: [CGUYS] Databases: Open Office Base?

2009-06-19 Thread Constance Warner
Thanks for the tip on the Fujitsu scanner--you can get a nice tray- 
feed scanner for a lot less than when I used a $3,000 Canon tray-feed  
scanner to to make tiffs for a fax-on-demand service.


However, scanning is the EASY part.  I've worked on--and supervised-- 
scanning projects and digital document archives before.  A well- 
thought-out classification system, preferably embodied in an idiot- 
proof, robust database (planned BEFORE you start scanning) is a  
must.  I say this from sad experience.  The last such project I  
worked on had an Excel spreadsheet (in lieu of a real database) to  
keep track of the documents, with a vague classification system and  
minimal data in the spreadsheet.  The spreadsheet was kind of an ad- 
hoc affair, altered whenever the supervisor decided that the project  
needed improvements.  Result: the association members, who were  
supposed to log into the website to download the documents, couldn't  
find anything.  They complained a lot before they just gave up on  
using the system entirely.


Needless to say, I wasn't supervising THIS project.

By contrast, the computerized fax-on-demand service, which I DID  
supervise: I used a FileMaker Pro database; the paper documents were  
classified and entered into the database before anything was  
scanned.   I always knew where to find any type or category of  
document--or any particular title--and the members did too.


And as for the nonprofit with the cabinet full of documents to be  
scanned: Im betting they have friends in other organizations with  
tray-feed scanners they can use, and interns to run them.  These  
small political nonprofits tend to be cash-poor--which is why I'm  
hoping that Base will work for them--but they're connection-rich.


--Constance Warner

The previous system
On Jun 19, 2009, at 4:35 PM, Tony B wrote:


Okay, so we have a whole honking *file cabinet* full of paper
documents that need to be scanned and put online. This is not going to
be an easy task.

But you're skipping all the way to almost the end of the project and
asking about databases. Long before you worry about a db you need to
figure out how to scan the stuff. Most commercial scanners will come
with some sort of document management app. I think.

Monumental task, not for a database app at all. What you want is a
sheet-fed scanner with document management software. I dunno, but
here's a random link via a search for sheet fed document management:
http://ask-leo.com/ 
fujitsu_scansnap_a_fast_sheetfed_document_scanner.html



On Fri, Jun 19, 2009 at 1:06 PM, Constance Warnercawar...@his.com  
wrote:
It's like this: I was visiting the offices of a small nonprofit  
dedicated to
promoting civic activism and getting out the vote.  One of the  
staff members
gestured towards a filing cabinet and some banker boxes and said,  
We'd like
to get these [documents] organized and have a way to get these out  
to our
field organizers when they want them and when we need to send  
them.  They'd
been using fax, U.S. mail, and hand carrying the documents in the  
past.
 Right now, most of the documents aren't even in electronic  
format.  They
have basic computers, of course, but neither they nor their field  
organizers

can afford the latest electronic bells and whistles (no iPhones, for
example).  A lot of small nonprofits are like that.

So I was trying to offer them a few basic suggestions.  FileMaker  
Pro would
be nice for them to use to index their documents, because it's  
easy to use
and, once it's set up properly, it's practically crash-proof.  On  
the other
hand, it's expensive.  Base is free, but I've never used it (and  
neither has
anybody else I know).  Somebody else--not me--will be doing the  
work for
this nonprofit, but these are very nice people and I wanted to  
offer them a

few signposts.

They're really brilliant, politically; they just haven't had the  
time to get
really computer savvy, or the money for the latest computers,  
webmasters, or

IT workers.



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