Re: Revised description of a FOSS friendly PDA

[David Wright]

On Thu 13 Feb 2020 at 06:52:05 (-0600), Richard Owlett wrote:
> On 02/11/2020 10:09 AM, Richard Owlett wrote:
> > I wish to enter/store data while away from home. The data will
> > then be transferred to my laptop via a USB cable. [Think the
> > capability of one of the old Palm Pilots in a smartphone(sic) form
> > factor]
> > 
> "Palm Pilot" was the not best visualization.
> A better image would be the pocket protector full of 3x5 cards a
> fellow engineering student used in the early 60's. He had it organized
> for quick retrieval of notes on a specific topic.
> 
> Everything I wish to do accomplish has a direct analog to how he did things.
> 
> An inverse is frequently also true.
> E.G. A frequent "must have" feature of a smartphone is a cell modem.
> The analog would be my friend viewing someone-else's set of cards.
> 
> Many smartphone features are of no value or are detrimental to my
> intended use. Prime examples include Android OS and any graphical
> browser.
> 
> What I could envision using would be Debian with a minimal MATE
> Desktop and a single custom Tcl/Tk app. The bottom of the screen would
> have a
> 4x15 character array emulating a QWERTY keyboard for input of
> arbitrary alphanumeric data. Display of "retrieved data" or "data
> being entered" would be handled by the Tcl/Tk app.

If a device is small, it has to appeal to a mass market.
To do that, it has to be packed with features, whether
or not these are "detrimental" to *your* intended use.

I was surprised how much of the pinephone's functionality
could be switched off, once I'd decoded the jargon in
their specifications (with help). But I don't see how you
can avoid having to compromise over the inclusion of those
(redundant to you) functions, particularly in view of the
extra cost of providing the flexibility to turn them off.

Cheers,
David.

Re: Best file system to use?

[Tom Dial]

On 2/13/20 14:50, Michael Stone wrote:
> On Thu, Feb 13, 2020 at 01:57:49PM -0700, Tom Dial wrote:
>> XFS is excellent, and so also is JFS.
> 
> Yes on XFS, no on JFS. (XFS is very actively developed; JFS is moribund,
> has no really compelling benefits over other filesytems, and gets much
> less testing due to very low adoption. I don't personally recommend JFS
> for any new deployment.)

Recanted as to JFS and new installations. I overlooked that the last
update (to jfsutils) was nearly 9 years ago, and it appears JFS was
functionally stable almost from its arrival ca 2001. For a file system,
that's not a bad thing, but 9 years without a bug to fix in something
that complex is worrisome. I'm not in a hurry to switch, but wouldn't
(haven't) put it on a new image since about 2008. It does go on and on,
though.

> 
> As to the original question, if you're happy with XFS there's no problem
> sticking with it. There's also no reason not to go with the easy default
> and use EXT4, especially in a single-disk situation.

Regards,
Tom Dial

Re: problemas con en el inicio

[JavierDebian]

El 13/2/20 a las 12:57, Arturo Barrios escribió:
  Buenos dias, el problema es el siguiente: Dias atras elimine un 
entorno de escritorio y al reiniciar no aparece pantalla de login 
normal, sino una pantalla negra con la consola, soy nuevo en linux y no 
se los comandos para realizar los pasos correcto para restaurar inicio 
de sesion. De antemano muchas gracias por su atencion. Bendiciones



https://www.diversidadyunpocodetodo.com/cambiar-gestor-sesiones-kdm-gdm3-lightdm-debian-ubuntu/


JAP

Re: Best file system to use?

[Andy Smith]

Hello,

On Thu, Feb 13, 2020 at 04:00:34PM -0700, Tom Dial wrote:
> I think that ZFS, although different, is no less complicated or
> inflexible than the other identified options. Adding mdraid
> probably would not decrease complexity.

It is far easier to reshape mdraid arrays (in terms of number of
devices, capacity of devices, and even the RAID levels used) than it
is with ZFS pools.

With LVM in the mix you can often attach a large temporary device,
add it to the VG, pvmove onto it, completely re-do the original
storage, then pvmove back, all without rebooting. Whether that is a
good idea in respect to performance and redundancy is another
question but it's nice that the option is there.

Cheers,
Andy

-- 
https://bitfolk.com/ -- No-nonsense VPS hosting

Re: Best file system to use?

[Tom Dial]

On 2/13/20 10:31, Andy Smith wrote:
> Hi Dennis,
> 
> On Wed, Feb 12, 2020 at 05:55:52PM -0600, Dennis Wicks wrote:
>> I have 4TB running on an AMD Ryzen under Buster. What is the current
>> consensus of the best file system to use for general data usage?
> 
> If your 4TB isn't composed of at least one more drive for redundancy
> then for me all questions of which filesystem to use would be moot.
> Storage is fairly cheap compared to the hassle of having to eat the
> downtime and restore from backup, when a non-redundant drive dies.
> 
> With redundancy sorted out, ZFS is probably technically the best
> filesystem but is perhaps complicated, slightly inflexible and with
> other disadvantages related to being developed and shipped
> externally to the kernel.
> 
> If that puts you off of ZFS, (ext4 or XFS)-on-LVM-on-mdraid are fine
> choices, just accept that bitrot can happen.

Having used both XFS, JFS, and ext4 on LVM on Linux and ZFS on both
Linux and Solaris, I think that ZFS, although different, is no less
complicated or inflexible than the other identified options. Adding
mdraid probably would not decrease complexity.

The sticky part of ZFS is mostly ideological: a significant number of
users decline it due to its claimed GPL incompatibility, while others
believe that, built and installed as a module by the end user('s
administrator) is "free enough." There also is a possible matter of
performance loss due to a kernel change about a year ago that privatized
a couple of kernel functions ZFS used. There was a lot of heated
discussion at the time, and predictions of disastrous ZFS performance
degradation, but I have not noticed it in a domestic laptop/workstation
environment, and the OpenZFS developers seem to have taken care of the
technical part of the issue. [1] gives a reasonable summary of the issue
and also some perspective on ZFS. [2], especially the extensive forum
comments, looks at some of it from a wide range of perspectives.

[1]
https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/01/linus-torvalds-zfs-statements-arent-right-heres-the-straight-dope/

[2] https://www.theregister.co.uk/2020/01/13/zfs_linux/

Regards,
Tom Dial
> 
> I do not recommend btrfs and anyone who does should have a look at
> the linux-btrfs mailing list to see how many cases of data loss and
> loss of availability people have reported this month.
> 
> Cheers,
> Andy
> 

Fwd: [OT] BBS Argen-X

[Fabián Bonetti]

 Mensaje Original 
De: "Fabián Bonetti" 
Enviado: 13 de febrero de 2020 19:06:44 ART
Para: Debian User Spanish 
Asunto: [OT] BBS Argen-X

Con mi amigo Eduardo Castillo (lu9dce) decidimos para no estar al cuete, montar 
un bbs.

https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulletin_Board_System

Lo logramos.

Para conectarte via telnet

$telnet argenx.kozow.com

Via navegador web:

http://argenx.kozow.com:8080/


Banner para compartir con amigos.

https://gnusocial.cc/file/f62cb55c7de2ed6ba247f81786f8fc55cfc64298126c0003db65028beae0f52a.jpg

A usarla...esta como nodo de la red FsxNet de Argentina, recuerden en local 
vale escribir en español. En FsxNet todo en ingles. Estamos probando conectarla 
a FidoNet...alli todo en ingles se escribe.

Saludos y a usarla.
-- 
Enviado desde mi dispositivo Android con Librem Mail. Por favor, disculpa mi 
brevedad.
-- 
Enviado desde mi dispositivo Android con Librem Mail. Por favor, disculpa mi 
brevedad.

Re: Mac El Capitan Dual Boot

[Felix Miata]

Jonas Smedegaard composed on 2020-02-13 18:35 (UTC+0100):

> Debian (and Linux in general) supports read-write access to HFS+ 
> partitions, but it is unreliable.  I would expect it to be difficult to 
> setup and the result would be unreliable (either because you would end 
> up depending on the unreliable HFS+ write access, or because you would 
> end up having a too complex to reliably maintain stack of hacks to work 
> around the unreliable HFS+ write access).

This is an example of how it goes on my multiboot a2134 iMac running El Capitan:
> inxi -S
System:Host: i2134 Kernel: 4.12.14-lp151.28.36-default x86_64 bits: 64 
Desktop: Trinity R14.0.7 Distro: openSUSE Leap 15.1
> zypper se -si hfs
...
S  | Name | Type| Version | Arch   | Repository
i+ | hfsutils | package | 3.2.6-lp151.3.3 | x86_64 | OSS
> grep hfs /etc/fstab
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-yada-part2   /macsys hfsplus ro,nofail   0 0
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-yada-part4   /home/macdata   hfsplus 
force,uid=501,gid=100,umask=002,noatime,nofail  0  0
> lsmod | grep hfs
hfsplus   118784  3
> df | grep mac
/dev/sda2  36997232  14163508  22833724  39% /macsys
/dev/sda4 450428928  19288104 431140824   5% /home/macdata
> fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 14.6 GiB, 15623782400 bytes, 30515200 sectors
Disk model: USB Flash Drive
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x7cfb8c48

Device Boot Start  End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1  *   48 30515199 30515152 14.6G af HFS / HFS+
> mount | grep sdb1
/dev/sdb1 on /run/media/yada/Lexar type hfsplus 
(ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime,umask=22,uid=0,gid=0,nls=utf8,uhelper=udisks2)
> mount -o remount,rw /run/media/root/Lexar
> mount | grep sdb1
/dev/sdb1 on /run/media/yada/Lexar type hfsplus 
(ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime,umask=22,uid=0,gid=0,nls=utf8,uhelper=udisks2)
> mount -o remount,rw /dev/sdb1
> mount | grep sdb1
/dev/sdb1 on /run/media/yada/Lexar type hfsplus 
(ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime,umask=22,uid=0,gid=0,nls=utf8,uhelper=udisks2)
>

On another PC here:
> inxi -S
System:Host: ab250 Kernel: 4.19.0-6-amd64 x86_64 bits: 64 Desktop: Trinity 
R14.0.8 Distro: Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)
> lsmod | grep hfs
hfs 69632   0
> dpkg-query -l | grep hfs
ii hfsutils 3.2.6-14amd64   Tools for reading and 
writing Macintosh volumes

inserting the same USB stick, Konq reports:

[quote]Unable to mount this device.

Potential reasons include:
Improper device and/or user privilege level # happens to root user
Corrupt data on storage device # works fine in El Capitan

Technical details:
org.freedesktop.UDisks2.Error.OptionNotPermitted: Requested filesystem type 
'hfsplus'
is neither well-known nor in /proc/filesystems nro in /etc/filesystems[/quote]

# mount | grep sda
# fdisk -l | grep sda1
/dev/sda1  *   48 30515199 30515152 14.6G af HFS / HFS+
# mount -t hfsplus -o rw,force /dev/sda1 /mnt
# mount | grep sda
/dev/sda1 on /mnt type hfsplus (rw,relatime,umask=22,uid=0,gid=0,nls=utf8)

IOW, in Buster at least, hfsplus won't autoload, and even when loaded, TDE
won't mount it at all as ordinary user, while root has to remount,rw,force 
to acquire write permission.
-- 
Evolution as taught in public schools is religion, not science.

 Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks!

Felix Miata  ***  http://fm.no-ip.com/

Re: Mac El Capitan Dual Boot

[Charles Curley]

On Thu, 13 Feb 2020 14:28:27 -0700
Charles Curley  wrote:

> I didn't ask for my benefit, I asked for your benefit. I will guess
> that you have vetted your hardware on this list.

Sorry, that should be, "... I asked for the OP's benefit. I will guess
that he will vet his hardware on this list."

-- 
Does anybody read signatures any more?

https://charlescurley.com
https://charlescurley.com/blog/


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Re: Best file system to use?

[Michael Stone]

On Thu, Feb 13, 2020 at 01:57:49PM -0700, Tom Dial wrote:

XFS is excellent, and so also is JFS.


Yes on XFS, no on JFS. (XFS is very actively developed; JFS is moribund, 
has no really compelling benefits over other filesytems, and gets much 
less testing due to very low adoption. I don't personally recommend JFS 
for any new deployment.)


As to the original question, if you're happy with XFS there's no problem 
sticking with it. There's also no reason not to go with the easy default 
and use EXT4, especially in a single-disk situation.

Re: Mac El Capitan Dual Boot

[Charles Curley]

On Thu, 13 Feb 2020 20:59:07 +0100
Jonas Smedegaard  wrote:

> > > I am helping a friend install Debian on an older MacBook, running
> > > OS X 10.11 (El Capitan).  
> > 
> > How old? The current version of Mac OS is Catalina, 10.15.3. This
> > on a Macbook Air made in mid-2012. ( -> About this
> > Mac)  
> 
> More info here: https://wiki.debian.org/InstallingDebianOn/Apple

I didn't ask for my benefit, I asked for your benefit. I will guess
that you have vetted your hardware on this list.

-- 
Does anybody read signatures any more?

https://charlescurley.com
https://charlescurley.com/blog/


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Re: problemas con en el inicio

[Paynalton]

El jue., 13 feb. 2020 a las 10:15, Arturo Barrios ()
escribió:

>  Buenos dias, el problema es el siguiente: Dias atras elimine un entorno
> de escritorio y al reiniciar no aparece pantalla de login normal, sino una
> pantalla negra con la consola, soy nuevo en linux y no se los comandos para
> realizar los pasos correcto para restaurar inicio de sesion. De antemano
> muchas gracias por su atencion. Bendiciones
>

El login gráfico viene con el escritorio, sin él sólo está el login de
consola común al cual puedes acceder usando las mismas credenciales que
tenías antes. Si aun así quieres usar un login gráfico puedes instalar xdm,
que es un login gráfico sencillo de uso general.

Acá hay un buen tutorial que explica esos conceptos:

http://www.rru.com/~meo/pubsntalks/xrj/xdm.html

Re: Getting started with mmdebstrap / chroot Operation not permitted.

[Jonas Smedegaard]

Quoting Linux-Fan (2020-02-13 21:40:13)
> Jonas Smedegaard writes:
> 
> > Quoting Linux-Fan (2020-02-13 20:29:47)
> > > having seen this recently on the mailing list, I am interested to 
> > > try out `mmdebstrap` (as a replacement for `debootstrap`). The 
> > > ultimate goal of my use of these utilities is to arrive at an 
> > > image suitable for booting an armhf SBC (Banana Pi M2+ EDU). 
> > > Existing (overly complicated and not debian-only)

[...]

> > Beware that this is more of a development question than a user 
> > question. Yes, developers are users too - my point is that those 
> > following this mailinglist are less likely to be able to help with 
> > issues of "splitting atoms" of an operating system than with 
> > adjusting configfiles of an officially installed one.
> 
> Thanks. I saw that there are some bug-reports and that development is 
> active. Maybe it makes sense to do a bug-report, because from my point 
> of view it is easy to reproduce (no need to bother with ARM yet, I 
> just tried the "basic" invocation to create a stable chroot for my 
> "native" amd64 architecture).
> 
> Being such a simple invocation, I thought I must have made some rather 
> obvious mistake, because my command very much follows the manpage. I 
> had thought that the complex part would only come afterwards :)

I dearly recommend you to file bugreports: From your approach it sounds 
like if nothing else then you have found bugs in the documentation!

As you might have noticed as well, Johannes (author of mmdebstrap) is 
excellent not only in writing code but also in bug hunting!  I really 
admire his attention to detail!


> > I recommend to read section "MODES" in man page for mmdebstrap, 
> > which nicely lays out how different approaches complicates matters 
> > in different ways.
> 
> I saw it. For now, the "root" mode works. Before I think it 
> automatically went with "fakechroot" and failed... maybe I should 
> investigate this "unshare" mode?

Pleay around with different modes, but don't settle with working around 
possibly buggy code or documentation: Please contribute by sharing the 
(possible) flaws you stumble upon in your exploration of this novel 
tool.


> I arrived at what seems to be a suitable image (not near the hardware 
> to test at the moment...) in just a few hours -- back when I did it 
> with debootstrap there was much more waiting involved and a lot of 
> fiddling with qemu-user-static etc. which took me more than a day just 
> for the filesystem tree.

Sounds like you could also help by sharing what you have found works for 
you so far: Create a page at wiki.debian.org and/or blog about it!


> > One way to simplify things is to build on ARM.
> 
> The problem is: I have that board and it is usually "in use" 
> (currently on oldstable). I can turn it off temporarily for testing, 
> but it is not so much a "development system". Besides, I get the 
> impression that even if the emulation is not really "faster" (?), it 
> is less a stain on the hardware when I run the compute-intensive part 
> on amd64 (usually a little server, currently a "sturdy enough" laptop 
> :) ) than on the single board computer.

I recognize the dilemma.  You can postpone, but the obvious solution to 
that issue of yours is to buy a few more boards so you have some to play 
with.  And sure, AMD64 is faster than 32-bit ARM - but what I was 
thinking was to use your shiny new 64-bit Olimex Teres-1 laptop that you 
go buy right after reading this email :-D


> And then, running oldstable and a non-Debian kernel, I would not 
> consider it a good "development machine" from the software side 
> either?

Your _development_ environment would not be oldstable but testing: Even 
if your target system is oldstable, you still want to develop on a 
system which includes mmdebstrap ;-)


> For me it is one of the points to "take home" from buying a cheap ARM 
> SBC: Software support can be difficult. So maybe next time I will be 
> smarter to acquire something "amd64" or something well-supported like 
> the "omnipresent" Raspberry Pi (although some recent list posts seemed 
> to suggest that a "pure" Debian does not run on their newest 
> incarnation yet...). On the other hand, this little Banana Pi M2+EDU 
> despite being very little supported from the software side, seems to 
> run just well 24/7 for prolonged amounts of time (it had more than 300 
> days of uptime, but as of now, everything is offline for maintenance).

I certainly don't recommend RPi.  I recommend OSHW-certified boards like 
the Olimex LIME2 - quite similar to the one you already got.

...but really, all of this is badly suited for this user mailinglist.

I can suggest that we move further discussion to the #tinker irc channel 
and/or join the tinker team mailinglist, both places is used for me and 
a few others trying to streamline bootstrapping of Debian on tiny ARM 
boards.  More info at https://wiki.debian.org/DebianTinker

I am eager to hear more 

Re: Getting started with mmdebstrap / chroot Operation not permitted.

[Linux-Fan]

Linux-Fan writes:


Jonas Smedegaard writes:


[...]


Being such a simple invocation, I thought I must have made some rather
obvious mistake, because my command very much follows the manpage. I had
thought that the complex part would only come afterwards :)


I recommend to read section "MODES" in man page for mmdebstrap, which
nicely lays out how different approaches complicates matters in
different ways.


I saw it. For now, the "root" mode works. Before I think it automatically
went with "fakechroot" and failed... maybe I should investigate this
"unshare" mode?


[...]


Another is to generate not a filesystem but a tarball (and then use
different approach to turn that into a bootable image).


Yes. Tarball sounds good. I understand that when going for a filesystem
rather than tarball I would need to be root just to get the permissions
right. And of course, in the end I will do (as root) a tar -C /mnt -xf ...
to put everyting on the SD card.


[...]

Just a little update. I tried out the "unshare" mode and it does not produce
errors anymore i.e. it works (even with the ARM stuff although the result
image was not tested on the hardware yet -- now comes the (in?)famous
"embedded factor" :) )

Now I am a little unsure about the security implications of the required

# sysctl -w kernel.unprivileged_userns_clone=1

However, it seems a great advantage over having to do the whole process as
root :)

I do not think, it is all solved yet, but it is a major progress which one
can build on. So checking out the other modes is the key thing, thanks again!

Linux-Fan


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Re: Best file system to use?

[Tom Dial]

On 2/13/20 06:53, Didar Hossain wrote:
> On Thu, Feb 13, 2020 at 12:18:42PM +0100, deloptes wrote:
>> Dennis Wicks wrote:
>>
>>> I have been using xfs but that is based on info
>>> from many years ago.
>>
>> If you have had no issues with xfs, why not use it in the future too?
> 
> I have been using XFS for data on dual HDD (RAID1->LVM->LUKS->XFS) on Debian
> Stretch for more than a year, haven't experienced issues yet. OS is on Ext4 on
> SDD. I use Urbackup (www.urbackup.org) to backup multiple Windows machines to
> this box as well as Samba for simple shares.
> 
> I stayed away from Btrfs after hearing a lot of negative stories. ZFS on 
> FreeBSD
> is probably better if you need that kind of reliability. I am a one man show
> currently managing the tech, so I don't really have that kind of mental
> bandwidth to learn and setup FreeBSD+ZFS right now. But, you may explore that
> path if you have the time.

XFS is excellent, and so also is JFS. Both are old, of commercial
origin, and apparently free of significant problems. And ext4 also is
unexceptionable.

Linux has been the primary OpenZFS target for some time and apparently
will continue to be. The version on buster-backports (presently 0.8.2)
is stable and not at all hard to install if you are not averse to
dipping into the contrib repository.

Root on ZFS is a bit hands on, somewhat reminiscent of early versions of
Debian, but not really difficult for one disk [1], and I have seen, but
not used, a script [2] that purports to do the primary setup for one or
more disks. Both finish with a bootable basic Debian system, ready to
run tasksel or otherwise install your choice of additional software.
Neither addresses dual boot, although it would appear possible to do so
with appropriate intervention in the partitioning step. The machine I am
using now is dual boot, with Windows 10 on one disk, Debian 10
root-on-zfs on a second, and either selectable from the grub menu.

[1] https://github.com/zfsonlinux/zfs/wiki/Debian-Buster-Root-on-ZFS
[2] https://github.com/hn/debian-buster-zfs-root

Regards,
Tom Dial

> Kind regards,
> Didar
> 



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Re: Comment interdire la consultation de son serveur web sur son IP directe et le port 443?

[maxime]

Exactement ou bien dans la vhost:

  
       Redirect / https://cible.com

A voir dans la doc.
Le 13 févr. 2020 20:41, "Pierre L."  a écrit :
>
> Et en mettant un fichier index.html qui redirige automatiquement le 
> visiteur vers le site de ton choix... 
> ici, content="0 pour dire que c'est au bout de 0 seconde... 
> url= pour le site vers lequel le visiteur sera automatiquement redirigé. 
> À coller à l'emplacement de ton site par défaut. 
>
>
>  
>  
>  
>      
>      
>     https://www.visionduweb.fr/; /> 
>     Vision du web 
>  
>  
>
>  
>  
>
>
>
> Le 12/02/2020 à 14:46, G2PC a écrit : 
> > Donc, la navigation doit se faire via le domaine, et, non pas par l'ip 
> > depuis le navigateur. 
>

Re: Getting started with mmdebstrap / chroot Operation not permitted.

[Linux-Fan]

Jonas Smedegaard writes:


Quoting Linux-Fan (2020-02-13 20:29:47)
> Hello list members,
>
> having seen this recently on the mailing list, I am interested to try out
> `mmdebstrap` (as a replacement for `debootstrap`). The ultimate goal of my
> use of these utilities is to arrive at an image suitable for booting an
> armhf
> SBC (Banana Pi M2+ EDU). Existing (overly complicated and not debian-only)


[...]


> ~~~
> $ mmdebstrap stable test.tar


[...]


> '/tmp/mmdebstrap.r10cMA6wAV': Operation not permitted


[...]


> When I run the same command as root, it proceeds without error. However, I
> wanted to try out this nice possibility of creating chroots without root
> and so far, it does not seem to work. How can I get to work mmdebstrap without
> being root?
>
> OS: Debian 10 (buster/stable) amd64.
> /tmp resides on the root filesystem (ext4).

Beware that this is more of a development question than a user question.
Yes, developers are users too - my point is that those following this
mailinglist are less likely to be able to help with issues of "splitting
atoms" of an operating system than with adjusting configfiles of an
officially installed one.


Thanks. I saw that there are some bug-reports and that development is
active. Maybe it makes sense to do a bug-report, because from my point of
view it is easy to reproduce (no need to bother with ARM yet, I just tried
the "basic" invocation to create a stable chroot for my "native" amd64
architecture).

Being such a simple invocation, I thought I must have made some rather
obvious mistake, because my command very much follows the manpage. I had
thought that the complex part would only come afterwards :)


I recommend to read section "MODES" in man page for mmdebstrap, which
nicely lays out how different approaches complicates matters in
different ways.


I saw it. For now, the "root" mode works. Before I think it automatically
went with "fakechroot" and failed... maybe I should investigate this
"unshare" mode?

It is already very helpful that it runs faster than regular debootstrap and
has the multiarch-things built in.
I arrived at what seems to be a suitable image (not near the hardware to
test at the moment...) in just a few hours -- back when I did it with
debootstrap there was much more waiting involved and a lot of fiddling with
qemu-user-static etc. which took me more than a day just for the filesystem
tree.


One way to simplify things is to build on ARM.


The problem is: I have that board and it is usually "in use" (currently
on oldstable). I can turn it off temporarily for testing, but it is not
so much a "development system". Besides, I get the impression that even if
the emulation is not really "faster" (?), it is less a stain on the hardware
when I run the compute-intensive part on amd64 (usually a little server,
currently a "sturdy enough" laptop :) ) than on the single board computer.

And then, running oldstable and a non-Debian kernel, I would not consider it
a good "development machine" from the software side either?

For me it is one of the points to "take home" from buying a cheap ARM SBC:
Software support can be difficult. So maybe next time I will be smarter
to acquire something "amd64" or something well-supported like the
"omnipresent" Raspberry Pi (although some recent list posts seemed to
suggest that a "pure" Debian does not run on their newest incarnation
yet...). On the other hand, this little Banana Pi M2+EDU despite being very
little supported from the software side, seems to run just well 24/7 for
prolonged amounts of time (it had more than 300 days of uptime, but as of
now, everything is offline for maintenance).


Another is to generate not a filesystem but a tarball (and then use
different approach to turn that into a bootable image).


Yes. Tarball sounds good. I understand that when going for a filesystem
rather than tarball I would need to be root just to get the permissions
right. And of course, in the end I will do (as root) a tar -C /mnt -xf ...
to put everyting on the SD card.

If I understand it correctly, for the bootable image, I will need the
filesystem, but also a bootloader copied to a specific position on the SD
card. In the past, this worked for my armbian+Debian mixture. Now I am
working towards making the process based on Debian only to e.g. allow such
things as kernel updates :) .


Yet another is (likely) to target bullseye instead of buster.


That is interesting, I did not think of that.
If I get stuck, I will try that as well (would be quite a jump from
oldstable to testing, though :) ).

Thanks again
Linux-Fan

[...]


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Re: Mac El Capitan Dual Boot

[Jonas Smedegaard]

Quoting Charles Curley (2020-02-13 19:56:31)
> On Thu, 13 Feb 2020 12:03:20 -0500
> Kenneth Parker  wrote:
> 
> > I am helping a friend install Debian on an older MacBook, running OS 
> > X 10.11 (El Capitan).
> 
> How old? The current version of Mac OS is Catalina, 10.15.3. This on a 
> Macbook Air made in mid-2012. ( -> About this Mac)

More info here: https://wiki.debian.org/InstallingDebianOn/Apple


 - Jonas

-- 
 * Jonas Smedegaard - idealist & Internet-arkitekt
 * Tlf.: +45 40843136  Website: http://dr.jones.dk/

 [x] quote me freely  [ ] ask before reusing  [ ] keep private


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Description: signature

Re: Getting started with mmdebstrap / chroot Operation not permitted.

[Jonas Smedegaard]

Quoting Linux-Fan (2020-02-13 20:29:47)
> Hello list members,
> 
> having seen this recently on the mailing list, I am interested to try out  
> `mmdebstrap` (as a replacement for `debootstrap`). The ultimate goal of my  
> use of these utilities is to arrive at an image suitable for booting an armhf 
>  
> SBC (Banana Pi M2+ EDU). Existing (overly complicated and not debian-only)  
> work on this is on https://github.com/m7a/lp-banana-pi-m2p-edu (just for  
> completeness, might be irrelevant to the issue at hand).
> 
> So far, I installed `mmdebstrap` and tried the most simple of invocations:
> 
> ~~~
> $ mmdebstrap stable test.tar
> I: automatically chosen mode: fakechroot
> I: chroot architecture amd64 is equal to the host's architecture
> I: using /tmp/mmdebstrap.r10cMA6wAV as tempdir
> I: running apt-get update...
> done
> I: downloading packages with apt...
> done
> I: extracting archives...
> done
> /usr/sbin/chroot: cannot change root directory to 
> '/tmp/mmdebstrap.r10cMA6wAV': Operation not permitted
> I: the /bin/mv binary inside the chroot doesn't work under fakechroot
> I: with certain versions of coreutils and glibc, this is due to missing 
> support for renameat2 in fakechroot
> I: see https://github.com/dex4er/fakechroot/issues/60
> I: expect package post installation scripts not to work
> I: installing packages...
> done
> /usr/sbin/chroot: cannot change root directory to 
> '/tmp/mmdebstrap.r10cMA6wAV': Operation not permitted
> E: /usr/sbin/chroot /tmp/mmdebstrap.r10cMA6wAV env --unset=TMPDIR dpkg 
> --install --force-depends --status-fd=<$fd> 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libpcre3_2%3a8.39-12_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//findutils_4.6.0+git+20190209-2_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libc6_2.28-10_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//ncurses-bin_6.1+20181013-2+deb10u2_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libncursesw6_6.1+20181013-2+deb10u2_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libuuid1_2.33.1-0.1_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libbz2-1.0_1.0.6-9.2~deb10u1_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//debconf_1.5.71_all.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//base-passwd_3.5.46_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//gcc-8-base_8.3.0-6_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libpam0g_1.3.1-5_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//dpkg_1.19.7_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//fdisk_2.33.1-0.1_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//tar_1.30+dfsg-6_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//mawk_1.3.3-17+b3_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//gzip_1.9-3_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libdb5.3_5.3.28+dfsg1-0.5_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//coreutils_8.30-3_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//liblz4-1_1.8.3-1_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//init-system-helpers_1.56+nmu1_all.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libselinux1_2.8-1+b1_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libmount1_2.33.1-0.1_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libaudit1_1%3a2.8.4-3_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//bsdutils_1%3a2.33.1-0.1_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libpam-modules-bin_1.3.1-5_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libgcrypt20_1.8.4-5_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//zlib1g_1%3a1.2.11.dfsg-1_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//hostname_3.21_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libblkid1_2.33.1-0.1_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//liblzma5_5.2.4-1_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libcap-ng0_0.7.9-2_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libsystemd0_241-7~deb10u3_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libpam-runtime_1.3.1-5_all.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libtinfo6_6.1+20181013-2+deb10u2_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libc-bin_2.28-10_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libaudit-common_1%3a2.8.4-3_all.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//diffutils_1%3a3.7-3_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//ncurses-base_6.1+20181013-2+deb10u2_all.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libgcc1_1%3a8.3.0-6_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libattr1_1%3a2.4.48-4_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libfdisk1_2.33.1-0.1_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//perl-base_5.28.1-6_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libdebconfclient0_0.249_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libudev1_241-7~deb10u3_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libgpg-error0_1.35-1_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//sed_4.7-1_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libsmartcols1_2.33.1-0.1_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//base-files_10.3+deb10u3_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//dash_0.5.10.2-5_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//sysvinit-utils_2.93-8_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//util-linux_2.33.1-0.1_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//login_1%3a4.5-1.1_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//bash_5.0-4_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//grep_3.3-1_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libacl1_2.2.53-4_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//debianutils_4.8.6.1_amd64.deb 
> /var/cache/apt/archives//libpam-modules_1.3.1-5_amd64.deb failed
> I: removing tempdir 

Re: Comment interdire la consultation de son serveur web sur son IP directe et le port 443?

[Pierre L.]

Et en mettant un fichier index.html qui redirige automatiquement le
visiteur vers le site de ton choix...
ici, content="0 pour dire que c'est au bout de 0 seconde...
url= pour le site vers lequel le visiteur sera automatiquement redirigé.
À coller à l'emplacement de ton site par défaut.





    
    
    https://www.visionduweb.fr/; />
    Vision du web








Le 12/02/2020 à 14:46, G2PC a écrit :
> Donc, la navigation doit se faire via le domaine, et, non pas par l'ip
> depuis le navigateur.

Getting started with mmdebstrap / chroot Operation not permitted.

[Linux-Fan]

Hello list members,

having seen this recently on the mailing list, I am interested to try out  
`mmdebstrap` (as a replacement for `debootstrap`). The ultimate goal of my  
use of these utilities is to arrive at an image suitable for booting an armhf  
SBC (Banana Pi M2+ EDU). Existing (overly complicated and not debian-only)  
work on this is on https://github.com/m7a/lp-banana-pi-m2p-edu (just for  
completeness, might be irrelevant to the issue at hand).


So far, I installed `mmdebstrap` and tried the most simple of invocations:

~~~
$ mmdebstrap stable test.tar
I: automatically chosen mode: fakechroot
I: chroot architecture amd64 is equal to the host's architecture
I: using /tmp/mmdebstrap.r10cMA6wAV as tempdir
I: running apt-get update...
done
I: downloading packages with apt...
done
I: extracting archives...
done
/usr/sbin/chroot: cannot change root directory to '/tmp/mmdebstrap.r10cMA6wAV': 
Operation not permitted
I: the /bin/mv binary inside the chroot doesn't work under fakechroot
I: with certain versions of coreutils and glibc, this is due to missing support 
for renameat2 in fakechroot
I: see https://github.com/dex4er/fakechroot/issues/60
I: expect package post installation scripts not to work
I: installing packages...
done
/usr/sbin/chroot: cannot change root directory to '/tmp/mmdebstrap.r10cMA6wAV': 
Operation not permitted
E: /usr/sbin/chroot /tmp/mmdebstrap.r10cMA6wAV env --unset=TMPDIR dpkg --install 
--force-depends --status-fd=<$fd> 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libpcre3_2%3a8.39-12_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//findutils_4.6.0+git+20190209-2_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libc6_2.28-10_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//ncurses-bin_6.1+20181013-2+deb10u2_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libncursesw6_6.1+20181013-2+deb10u2_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libuuid1_2.33.1-0.1_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libbz2-1.0_1.0.6-9.2~deb10u1_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//debconf_1.5.71_all.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//base-passwd_3.5.46_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//gcc-8-base_8.3.0-6_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libpam0g_1.3.1-5_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//dpkg_1.19.7_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//fdisk_2.33.1-0.1_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//tar_1.30+dfsg-6_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//mawk_1.3.3-17+b3_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//gzip_1.9-3_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libdb5.3_5.3.28+dfsg1-0.5_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//coreutils_8.30-3_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//liblz4-1_1.8.3-1_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//init-system-helpers_1.56+nmu1_all.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libselinux1_2.8-1+b1_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libmount1_2.33.1-0.1_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libaudit1_1%3a2.8.4-3_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//bsdutils_1%3a2.33.1-0.1_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libpam-modules-bin_1.3.1-5_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libgcrypt20_1.8.4-5_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//zlib1g_1%3a1.2.11.dfsg-1_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//hostname_3.21_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libblkid1_2.33.1-0.1_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//liblzma5_5.2.4-1_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libcap-ng0_0.7.9-2_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libsystemd0_241-7~deb10u3_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libpam-runtime_1.3.1-5_all.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libtinfo6_6.1+20181013-2+deb10u2_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libc-bin_2.28-10_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libaudit-common_1%3a2.8.4-3_all.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//diffutils_1%3a3.7-3_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//ncurses-base_6.1+20181013-2+deb10u2_all.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libgcc1_1%3a8.3.0-6_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libattr1_1%3a2.4.48-4_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libfdisk1_2.33.1-0.1_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//perl-base_5.28.1-6_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libdebconfclient0_0.249_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libudev1_241-7~deb10u3_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libgpg-error0_1.35-1_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//sed_4.7-1_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libsmartcols1_2.33.1-0.1_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//base-files_10.3+deb10u3_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//dash_0.5.10.2-5_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//sysvinit-utils_2.93-8_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//util-linux_2.33.1-0.1_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//login_1%3a4.5-1.1_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//bash_5.0-4_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//grep_3.3-1_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libacl1_2.2.53-4_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//debianutils_4.8.6.1_amd64.deb 
/var/cache/apt/archives//libpam-modules_1.3.1-5_amd64.deb failed
I: removing tempdir /tmp/mmdebstrap.r10cMA6wAV...
~~~

When I run the same command as root, it proceeds without error. However, I  
wanted to try out this nice possibility of creating chroots without root and  
so far, it does not seem to work. How can I get to work 

Re: Mac El Capitan Dual Boot

[Charles Curley]

On Thu, 13 Feb 2020 12:03:20 -0500
Kenneth Parker  wrote:

> I am helping a friend install Debian on an older MacBook, running OS X
> 10.11 (El Capitan).

How old? The current version of Mac OS is Catalina, 10.15.3. This on a
Macbook Air made in mid-2012. ( -> About this Mac)

-- 
Does anybody read signatures any more?

https://charlescurley.com
https://charlescurley.com/blog/

Wifi USB dongle

[Nicolas George]

Hi.

I am looking for a USB dongle for wifi.

Can anybody here recommend one that
(1) is currently available on the market reliably,
(2) supports the 5 GHz band,
(3) correctly supported by Debian (testing and I can tolerate binary
blobs if they are in the archive),
(4) including as access point (it's the main use!)?

I am using a TP-Link TL-WN772N (7 by 3 centimeters, black with one side
white and a white antenna) with an Atheros AR9271 802.11n chipset, it
fit my needs, but I want 5 GHz because the 2.5 GHz band is a bit crowded
here. Unfortunately, I read that TP-Link changed the chipset for its
next model, and it requires a separate module and no longer works as
access point.

Thanks in advance.

-- 
  Nicolas George


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Re: Best file system to use?

[deloptes]

Didar Hossain wrote:

> I have been using XFS for data on dual HDD (RAID1->LVM->LUKS->XFS) on
> Debian Stretch for more than a year, haven't experienced issues yet. OS is
> on Ext4 on SDD. I use Urbackup (www.urbackup.org) to backup multiple
> Windows machines to this box as well as Samba for simple shares.
> 
> I stayed away from Btrfs after hearing a lot of negative stories. ZFS on
> FreeBSD is probably better if you need that kind of reliability. I am a
> one man show currently managing the tech, so I don't really have that kind
> of mental bandwidth to learn and setup FreeBSD+ZFS right now. But, you may
> explore that path if you have the time.

Exactly and we've been running ~10 TBs of disks in RAID1 or RAID5 for long
enough on XFS on multiple machines and setups.

I think XFS is mature enough.

If you are happy use it - remember the rule: "do not touch a running
system"?

Better look in advantages/disadvantages to make your decision. For example
XFS could not shrink AFAIR. Never had to do so - but had to shrink ext4 and
was happy to have ext4 there. It might have changed on XFS side though I do
not believe.

Tuning the systems is also a thing to consider if performance or reliability
is in focus.

regards

Re: The nightmare of Intel Integrated GPUs under Linux in general and Debian in particular

[Jörg-Volker Peetz]

Miguel A. Vallejo wrote on 11/02/2020 22:15:

> 
> I always ran the intel microcode package, tried every bios update, and
> I even changed the whole computer, so this is not the solution.

Do you also use the skylake GPU firmware which should be located in
/lib/firmware/i915/
(from package firmware-linux-nonfree, I think; file names beginning with 
"skl_")?

Regards,
Jörg.

Re: buster: low audio level

[Curt]

On 2020-02-13, D. R. Evans  wrote:
>
> Yes. That was in one of my e-mails somewhere in the thread.

Yeah, sorry, I found it. My only other idea was the pulseaudio equalizer
app ('qpaeq') and playing with those sliders.


-- 
"J'ai pour me guérir du jugement des autres toute la distance qui me sépare de
moi." Antonin Artaud

Re: Running virtual systems

[Nate Bargmann]

* On 2020 12 Feb 18:08 -0600, Dennis Wicks wrote:
> Greetings;
> 
> The last time that I ran any virtual systems virtualbox and other software
> was the only way to go. Now I see that there is support in hardware for
> running virtual systems directly. I am running Buster on AMD Ryzen. What is
> the best way to run virtual systems, and where can I find some good doc? The
> first thing I need to run is Windows 10 so I can get my taxes done! Then
> maybe a couple of small Debian and Windows systems for testing and
> development of WP thems and websites and similar.

For Windows, VirtualBox is probably your best bet.  Trouble is that it
is officially not available for Buster but an unofficial set of packages
may be found at:

https://people.debian.org/~lucas/virtualbox-buster/

Otherwise I like running a Qemu VM from a shell script that contains the
commandline switches needed.  I did try Windows XP and ReactOS in Qemu
and for each over time the area the mouse would work in within the VM
GUI would get smaller and smaller.

VBoxHeadless works well called from a cron job.  I've done this for
years to start up a Debian VM that several minutes has its own cron job
that rolls up a daily snapshot of a project's master branch and then
does MinGW 32 and 64 bit builds of the project for Windows.  The nice
thing is that VBoxHeadless doesn't need a terminal attachment.  A bit of
experimentation shows that I may be to do the same with Qemu by passing
the -nographic option and directing stdout and stderr to /dev/null.  So
long as Vbox packages are available I'll stick with it for the moment.

Virtual Box has a nice way to set up shared directories between the host
and guest VM so long as the VB Guest Additions are installed in the
guest and vbox kernel drivers are installed into the host's kernel.  As
I am using secure boot I have to sing these modules and have a script
that does that.

For shared directories between the host and guest with Qemu I simply use
sshfs with public key authentication.  As the intended use of the key is
strictly between the host and the guest, I've set them up with no
password so this aspect can be automated at some point.  With Qemu
custom kernel modules are not needed so specially signing modules for a
secure boot kernel is not needed.

Both technologies are quite good these days.  I recall first playing
with VMs in 2005 with Virtual PC on Windows XP on a Thinkpad T42
provided by work for an A+ certification class.  They were slow.  Later
on Virtual Box became available and I've been using it ever since for
various tasks.  Now Qemu may take that role due to Debian packaging
needs.

- Nate

-- 

"The optimist proclaims that we live in the best of all
possible worlds.  The pessimist fears this is true."

Web: https://www.n0nb.us
Projects: https://github.com/N0NB
GPG fingerprint: 82D6 4F6B 0E67 CD41 F689 BBA6 FB2C 5130 D55A 8819



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Description: PGP signature

Re: buster: low audio level

[D. R. Evans]

Curt wrote on 2/13/20 9:31 AM:
> On 2020-02-13, D. R. Evans  wrote:
>>
>> I'm wondering if there's a problem with the sound driver that the system =
>> is
>> using, and therefore:
>>   1. How to determine which driver I'm using?
>>   2. How to switch to a different driver, if one is available?
> 
> (And you've tried adjusting, to no avail, the underlying ALSA-level volume 
> controls
> with alsamixer?)
> 

Yes. That was in one of my e-mails somewhere in the thread.

  Doc

-- 
Web:  http://enginehousebooks.com/drevans



signature.asc
Description: OpenPGP digital signature

Re: Mac El Capitan Dual Boot

[Jonas Smedegaard]

Quoting Kenneth Parker (2020-02-13 18:03:20)
> I am helping a friend install Debian on an older MacBook, running OS X
> 10.11 (El Capitan).  It currently has a single 300G HFS Plus (Journaled)
> Partition, with lots of free space.
> 
> He wants to keep OS X, and use Buster (or Sid, leading to the next Stable
> Release).
> 
> He wants to shrink the Mac Partition, create a couple more for this.  (I
> explained the need for two, including a Swap Partition to him).
> 
> He thinks that Debian should be able to work on the same HFS Plus Disk
> format.  Has anyone tried this?
> 
> This is all preliminary now, as I am trying to talk him into ext4 for the
> Debian Partition and, if he needs a place to share files, put a small,
> fourth vfat Partition in for that.

Debian (and Linux in general) supports read-write access to HFS+ 
partitions, but it is unreliable.  I would expect it to be difficult to 
setup and the result would be unreliable (either because you would end 
up depending on the unreliable HFS+ write access, or because you would 
end up having a too complex to reliably maintain stack of hacks to work 
around the unreliable HFS+ write access).


 - Jonas

-- 
 * Jonas Smedegaard - idealist & Internet-arkitekt
 * Tlf.: +45 40843136  Website: http://dr.jones.dk/

 [x] quote me freely  [ ] ask before reusing  [ ] keep private


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Re: Best file system to use?

[Andy Smith]

Hi Dennis,

On Wed, Feb 12, 2020 at 05:55:52PM -0600, Dennis Wicks wrote:
> I have 4TB running on an AMD Ryzen under Buster. What is the current
> consensus of the best file system to use for general data usage?

If your 4TB isn't composed of at least one more drive for redundancy
then for me all questions of which filesystem to use would be moot.
Storage is fairly cheap compared to the hassle of having to eat the
downtime and restore from backup, when a non-redundant drive dies.

With redundancy sorted out, ZFS is probably technically the best
filesystem but is perhaps complicated, slightly inflexible and with
other disadvantages related to being developed and shipped
externally to the kernel.

If that puts you off of ZFS, (ext4 or XFS)-on-LVM-on-mdraid are fine
choices, just accept that bitrot can happen.

I do not recommend btrfs and anyone who does should have a look at
the linux-btrfs mailing list to see how many cases of data loss and
loss of availability people have reported this month.

Cheers,
Andy

-- 
https://bitfolk.com/ -- No-nonsense VPS hosting

Re: Re: how to deal with 'trap invalid opcode'?

[patrice . duroux]

Ok then I will submit a bug report with clear information that I hope
will be more helpful and not make anybody angry reading it! :-/

Many thanks,
Patrice

Re: The nightmare of Intel Integrated GPUs under Linux in general and Debian in particular

[Yvan Masson]

Le 13/02/2020 à 12:34, deloptes a écrit :

Miguel A. Vallejo wrote:


I've never had an Intel GPU but always had the impression they
were pretty solid, but my opinion is changing.


As a user of Intel GPUs for the last 5 years I can tell you Intel GPUs
and Linux are just a nightmare. A truly pain in the ass.



May be in yours but not in mine and I think it is valid for many others.


I does not help the OP, but I almost never had any issue with Intel GPU 
since I use Linux and Debian… Only a few times. I don't run games, but 
uses Gnome 3.



Note that kernel 5.5 may still have issues


Yeah, I read it. I have been playing with the xserver-xorg-video-intel
in Buster with kernel 4.19.0-8 and trying different options in
xorg.conf I didn't get any hang since 10 hours ago, almost a new
record for me. Also text console corruption has disappeared, so I will
use this configuration to try to get pending work done, and then I
will see. I still don't rule out buying a new graphics card.

Thank you for all your comments and suggestions. They are really helping
me.


My PC is running sometimes for months as mentioned before with earlier
kernel versions there were indeed issues, but 4.19.25 was the hit for me.

If you look at the changelog - many things changed and improved.

I already forgot what was your board, but it could be something else in your
configuration that causes those issues. Many people use some experimental
options etc. in Xorg and then complain.

Re: Comment interdire la consultation de son serveur web sur son IP directe et le port 443?

[G2PC]

Le 13/02/2020 à 17:54, max...@mxgo.fr a écrit :
> Une requête sur IP:443 doit renvoyer sur un default vhost qui porte un 
> certificat.

J'avais tenté de rediriger IP:443 vers mon site https://www.visionduweb.fr
J'ai du mal configurer ça car je n'y arrive pas.

Tu n'aurais pas un exemple de règle, fonctionnelle pour Apache, pour que
je tente à nouveau ?

> Ce même certificat est soit autosigné soit signé, dans tous les cas il ne 
> matchera jamais avec l'IP, ce qui provoquera une erreur dans le navigateur.
>
> Si il y a contournement de l'erreur, il chargera le site default.

Si j'arrive à faire charger un site par défaut, de IP:443 vers
https://site.ext alors effectivement, je pourrais me passer de la règle
de Fail2ban sur l'IP.

> Le fonctionnement de fail2ban comme décrit me semble plus bloquant qu'autre 
> chose, sauf si le service est sensible et réglementé.
Pour le moment, cette règle que je voudrais mettre en place pour l'IP,
avec Fail2ban, et, qui devrait vérifier acces.log pour bloquer les
tentatives de connexion vers IP:80 ( qui du fait de la configuration
actuelle du VHost, renvoie une erreur 403, interdit à la consultation
par l'administrateur ), n'a pas été mise en place, mais, la règle
apache-auth prend le relais, puisque mon Vhost retourne donc une erreur
403 actuellement, vu que j'ai interdit la consultation à IP:80.

Comme dit, j'ai fais cela car je ne suis pas arrivé à rediriger IP:443
vers mon site https://site.ext

Mac El Capitan Dual Boot

[Kenneth Parker]

I am helping a friend install Debian on an older MacBook, running OS X
10.11 (El Capitan).  It currently has a single 300G HFS Plus (Journaled)
Partition, with lots of free space.

He wants to keep OS X, and use Buster (or Sid, leading to the next Stable
Release).

He wants to shrink the Mac Partition, create a couple more for this.  (I
explained the need for two, including a Swap Partition to him).

He thinks that Debian should be able to work on the same HFS Plus Disk
format.  Has anyone tried this?

This is all preliminary now, as I am trying to talk him into ext4 for the
Debian Partition and, if he needs a place to share files, put a small,
fourth vfat Partition in for that.

Thanks in advance.

Kenneth Parker

Re: Comment interdire la consultation de son serveur web sur son IP directe et le port 443?

[maxime]

Une requête sur IP:443 doit renvoyer sur un default vhost qui porte un 
certificat.

Ce même certificat est soit autosigné soit signé, dans tous les cas il ne 
matchera jamais avec l'IP, ce qui provoquera une erreur dans le navigateur.

Si il y a contournement de l'erreur, il chargera le site default.


Le fonctionnement est le même avec nginx.

Le fonctionnement de fail2ban comme décrit me semble plus bloquant qu'autre 
chose, sauf si le service est sensible et réglementé.

Mais rassures-toi il y a pire 
Le 13 févr. 2020 14:28, G2PC  a écrit :
>
>
> > Si quelqu'un vient get / sur IP sans précédence domaine il aura la page par 
> > défaut de ton choix. 
>
> C'est le cas, j'avais déjà une redirection vers mon site principale, 
> mais, comme je disais, elle ne fonctionnait que pour le protocole 80, 
> et, pas en 443, et, si je tentais d'utiliser IP:443 alors j'arrivais sur 
> un autre de mes sites. 
> Redirection normale IP:80 -> visionduweb.fr 
> Redirection anormale IP:443 -> ethernium.fun ( et consultation de 
> visionduweb.fr rendue il me semble impossible. ) 
>
> Ce ce fait, j'ai opté pour bloquer la consultation en IP:80 depuis un 
> navigateur, pour ne pas entrer dans un schema ou, si IP:80 est 
> consultable, IP:443 le serait aussi, puisque ce n'est pas le cas. 
> J'ai donc créé une redirection 403 en cas de consultation IP:80 et la 
> règle de fail2ban apache-auth bloque le client après 3 échecs. 
>
> > Si quelqu'un vient get / sur IP avec précédence il sera envoyé vers le 
> > repertoire du vhost domaine qui va lui charger le bon site. 
> > 
> > Fail2ban les IP sources qui viennent sur ton serveur est une très mauvaise 
> > idée. 
> > Si iptables vient à missmatch sur le domaine réclamé il va ban le visiteur 
> > ou +, car avec les réseaux NATés tu risques de bannir plusieurs centaines 
> > de clients en trafic (réseaux mobiles par exemple) 
> Oui mais normalement, seul les clients qui créent des erreurs sont ban, 
> et, les clients ne devraient pas finir en 403, 3 fois de suite, 
> Tout comme, les clients ne devraient pas avoir à consulter les pages de 
> login pour l'administration, 
>
> Donc, normalement, les clients ban le sont car ils ont tenté une action 
> interdite par l'admin. 
>
>
> Concrètement, j'ai pu avancer un peu avec fail2ban et mettre en place de 
> nouvelles règles complémentaires. 
> Je n'ai toujours pas réussi à faire fonctionner ma propre règle qui me 
> permet de ban tout ce qui arrive sur IP:80 , je suppose que c'est la 
> regex qui ne correspond pas, ou que la regex existe déjà dans 
> apache-auth et fait double emploi. 
>
> Concrètement, j'ai encore cette problématique de IP:80 qui fonctionne à 
> la consultation, mais, IP:443 qui me renvoie vers un autre de mes sites, 
> et, je ne vois pas comment aborder l'identification de ce problème la. 
>
>
>

Re: ufw and iptables not playing nice in testing with recent upgrade

[tv.deb...@googlemail.com]

On 13/02/2020 19:37, songbird wrote:

tv.deb...@googlemail.com wrote:

On 12/02/2020 05:03, riveravaldez wrote:

On 2/11/20, songbird  wrote:

something in there didn't work today when i applied
the upgrade.

i don't have time to debug or file reports at the moment,
so was able to partially downgrade to get a working connection
again.

put my hold back on iptables.  i'd had a hold on it for
a while due to reported errors.  no idea why i decided i
should try to let it go through this morning.  i'm kinda
tied up for a few weeks...


Maybe similar. Yesterday, after dist-upgrade and reboot the network
interface seemed not to be working (for instance, none ping
worked/responded), it gave me the impression of a driver issue so
rebooted and tried with a previous kernel, that seemed to solve
partially the situation.

Right now:

$ uname -a
Linux debian 5.4.0-2-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.4.8-1 (2020-01-05) x86_64 GNU/Linux

The first symptom (with the more recent kernel) was a message at boot
about UFW not being able to start (or something similar). That message
didn't appeared when I booted with the previous kernel (the one I'm
using right now).

Not sure of anything. Let me know if I can do something to diagnose
this situation properly.

Just informing in the hope it's of some utility.

Regards!


Hi, running a 5.4 and 5.5 self compiled kernels for a while and it is my
experience too that ufw/gufw are broken. I switched to firewalld and
associated graphical config utilities on the affected machines, purging
iptables in the process.
On the other hand shorewall + iptables seems to work fine so far. From
what I remember reading iptables is on it's way out anyway (correct me
if i am wrong).

Hope it helps.



   temporary issue that is known:

   https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=949480


   songbird

Thank you for pointing this, very much appreciated. I don't know how I 
missed that the first time I ran into this problem. Aside from UFW still 
being usable Firewalld is worth a look.

Re: buster: low audio level

[Curt]

On 2020-02-13, D. R. Evans  wrote:
>
> I'm wondering if there's a problem with the sound driver that the system =
> is
> using, and therefore:
>   1. How to determine which driver I'm using?
>   2. How to switch to a different driver, if one is available?

(And you've tried adjusting, to no avail, the underlying ALSA-level volume 
controls
with alsamixer?)

 lsmod | grep snd



-- 
"J'ai pour me guérir du jugement des autres toute la distance qui me sépare de
moi." Antonin Artaud

Re: buster: low audio level

[Jonas Smedegaard]

Quoting D. R. Evans (2020-02-13 17:15:47)
> D. R. Evans wrote on 2/12/20 4:58 PM:
> 
> > For what it's worth, "aplay -l" says, for the port I'm using:
> > 
> > card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC888-VD Analog [ALC888-VD Analog]
> >   Subdevices: 0/1
> >   Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
> > 
> 
> I'm wondering if there's a problem with the sound driver that the system is
> using, and therefore:
>   1. How to determine which driver I'm using?
>   2. How to switch to a different driver, if one is available?

Try look here: https://wiki.debian.org/ALSA

...and here: https://alsa.opensrc.org/Sound_Cards:_Introduction

...and lastly here: https://www.alsa-project.org/wiki/Main_Page


Enjoy!

 - Jonas

-- 
 * Jonas Smedegaard - idealist & Internet-arkitekt
 * Tlf.: +45 40843136  Website: http://dr.jones.dk/

 [x] quote me freely  [ ] ask before reusing  [ ] keep private


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Re: buster: low audio level

[D. R. Evans]

D. R. Evans wrote on 2/12/20 4:58 PM:

> For what it's worth, "aplay -l" says, for the port I'm using:
> 
> card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC888-VD Analog [ALC888-VD Analog]
>   Subdevices: 0/1
>   Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
> 

I'm wondering if there's a problem with the sound driver that the system is
using, and therefore:
  1. How to determine which driver I'm using?
  2. How to switch to a different driver, if one is available?

  Doc

-- 
Web:  http://enginehousebooks.com/drevans



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problemas con en el inicio

[Arturo Barrios]

 Buenos dias, el problema es el siguiente: Dias atras elimine un entorno de
escritorio y al reiniciar no aparece pantalla de login normal, sino una
pantalla negra con la consola, soy nuevo en linux y no se los comandos para
realizar los pasos correcto para restaurar inicio de sesion. De antemano
muchas gracias por su atencion. Bendiciones

Re: debian-user-digest Digest V2020 #146

[Charles Curley]

On Fri, 14 Feb 2020 01:46:20 +1100
Benni James  wrote:

> Hi can you please unsubscribe me from your mailing list.

Unsubscribe yourself. Most list handlers (including this one) include
instructions for unsubscribing and other things in the headers of each
email. Most email clients will let you see the headers with control-h.
Search on "unsubscribe".

-- 
Does anybody read signatures any more?

https://charlescurley.com
https://charlescurley.com/blog/

Re: debian-user-digest Digest V2020 #146

[Benni James]

Hi can you please unsubscribe me from your mailing list.

Regards

Benjamin

On Thu., 13 Feb. 2020, 19:25 , 
wrote:

> Content-Type: text/plain
>
> debian-user-digest Digest   Volume 2020 :
> Issue 146
>
> Today's Topics:
>   Re: buster: low audio level   [ "D. R. Evans" <
> doc.ev...@gmail.com> ]
>   Running virtual systems   [ Dennis Wicks  ]
>   Re: buster: low audio level   [ Doug McGarrett
>Re: buster: low audio level   [ Jonas Smedegaard 
> ]
>   Re: The nightmare of Intel Integrate  [ "Miguel A. Vallejo"
>Re: Running virtual systems   [ Celejar  ]
>   Re: Best file system to use?  [ David Christensen
>Re: Running virtual systems   [ David Christensen
>Re: Running virtual systems   [ "Martin McCormick"
>Re: buster: low audio level   [ Ben Caradoc-Davies
>Re: Best file system to use?  [ Ben Caradoc-Davies
>Re: Re: The nightmare of Intel Integ  [ T  ]
>   Re: buster: low audio level   [ Brad Rogers 
> ]
>   Re: Looking for FOSS supported PCIe   [ Andrei POPESCU
>Re: Having trouble installing Debian  [ Andrei POPESCU
>Re: The nightmare of Intel Integrate  [ Ben Caradoc-Davies
>  Date: Wed, 12 Feb 2020 16:58:42 -0700
> From: "D. R. Evans" 
> To: debian-user@lists.debian.org
> Subject: Re: buster: low audio level
> Message-ID: <04b85b13-9ab7-6bab-c923-71aeb0977...@gmail.com>
> Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha1;
>  protocol="application/pgp-signature";
>  boundary="iLC7OcOHO2mjcu37uAFmJfMeMOd2d0W91"
>
> This is an OpenPGP/MIME signed message (RFC 4880 and 3156)
> --iLC7OcOHO2mjcu37uAFmJfMeMOd2d0W91
> Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="Ut7atcLv7DnFfarqcFq78oDWcFxuGkXMM"
>
> --Ut7atcLv7DnFfarqcFq78oDWcFxuGkXMM
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
> Content-Language: en-US
> Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
>
> D. R. Evans wrote on 2/12/20 12:28 PM:
> > Doug McGarrett wrote on 2/12/20 12:19 PM:
> >>
> >>
> >> On 2/12/20 1:05 PM, D. R. Evans wrote:
> >>> Jonas Smedegaard wrote on 2/12/20 10:43 AM:
>  Quoting D. R. Evans (2020-02-12 18:34:27)
> > I just installed buster on a new (to me) machine, and the audio lev=
> el
> > is very low. With all the mixer controls and the physical volume
> > control on the speakers turned up, I can hear audio, but even then =
> it
> > is unpleasantly quiet, certainly nothing one would want to listen t=
> o.
> >
> > Any suggestions as to how to fix this, or even how to go about
> > investigating it sensibly, would be gratefully received.
> 
> >=20
> >>>
> >> You say this is a new machine, so it surely came with Windows. If you =
>
> >=20
> > No, I said it was new to me. It worked fine under Windows -- basically =
> a
> > gaming machine -- but now it has brand new disks with a clean install o=
> f buster.
>
> i have been corrected by the person from whom I bought it: it was previso=
> uly
> used as a server, not a gaming machine, and hence the sound was never use=
> d.
>
> For what it's worth, "aplay -l" says, for the port I'm using:
>
> card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC888-VD Analog [ALC888-VD Analog=
> ]
>   Subdevices: 0/1
>   Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
>
>   Doc
>
> --=20
> Web:  http://enginehousebooks.com/drevans
>
>
> --Ut7atcLv7DnFfarqcFq78oDWcFxuGkXMM--
>
> --iLC7OcOHO2mjcu37uAFmJfMeMOd2d0W91
> Content-Type: application/pgp-signature; name="signature.asc"
> Content-Description: OpenPGP digital signature
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>
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>
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>
> --iLC7OcOHO2mjcu37uAFmJfMeMOd2d0W91--
> Date: Wed, 12 Feb 2020 18:07:17 -0600
> From: Dennis Wicks 
> To: debian-user 
> Subject: Running virtual systems
> Message-ID: <050484b2-a66d-1ee9-9757-289bf06b3...@mgssub.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed
> Content-Language: en-US
> Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
>
> Greetings;
>
> The last time that I ran any virtual systems virtualbox and
> other software was the only way to go. Now I see that there
> is support in hardware for running virtual systems directly.
> I am running Buster on AMD Ryzen. What is the best way to
> run virtual systems, and where can I find some good doc? The
> first thing I need to run is Windows 10 so I can get my
> taxes done! Then maybe a couple of small Debian and Windows
> systems for testing and development of WP thems and websites
> and similar.
>
> Many TIA!
> Dennis
> Date: Wed, 12 Feb 2020 19:15:57 -0500
> From: Doug McGarrett 
> To: Jonas Smedegaard , "D. R. Evans"  >,
>  debian-user@lists.debian.org
> Subject: Re: buster: low audio level
> Message-ID: <0b1a0940-09c4-f4b6-5f56-bc653c7c4...@optonline.net>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed
> 

Re: how to deal with 'trap invalid opcode'?

[Greg Wooledge]

On Thu, Feb 13, 2020 at 08:03:03AM -0500, Henning Follmann wrote:
> On Thu, Feb 13, 2020 at 12:24:34PM +0100, Patrice Duroux wrote:
> > Hi,
> > 
> > The system on which it i occurring is a Debian Buster 10.3
> > The binaries that are involved are provided by the following packages:
> > ii  ncbi-blast+   2.8.1-1
> >   amd64next generation suite of BLAST sequence search tools
> > ii  ncbi-blast+-legacy2.8.1-1
> >   all  NCBI Blast legacy call script
> > 
> > and here is what dmesg says:
> > 
> > [16950090.751977] traps: blastn[8041] trap invalid opcode ip:7f1a5e4ce98c
> > sp:7ffe69e29be0 error:0 in libblast.so[7f1a5e48d000+66000]
> > [16951820.852031] traps: blastn[8512] trap invalid opcode ip:7fd312fed98c
> > sp:7ffe840c5780 error:0 in libblast.so[7fd312fac000+66000]
> > [16952207.586375] traps: makeblastdb[8966] trap invalid opcode
> > ip:7faa9aaa6b02 sp:7ffe4ff58040 error:0 in libxutil.so[7faa9aa73000+83000]
> > [16952218.407194] traps: makeblastdb[8975] trap invalid opcode
> > ip:7f8a2ac08b02 sp:7ffc88589580 error:0 in libxutil.so[7f8a2abd5000+83000]
> > 
> > May some amd64 packages supposed to be executable only for specific
> > CPU/arch?
> > 
> > Here is the hardware information:
> > 
> > LANG=C lshw -short
> > H/W pathDevice  Class  Description
> > ==
> > system PowerEdge 6850
> > /0  bus0RD318
> > /0/0memory 64KiB BIOS
> > /0/400  processor  Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU
> > 3.40GHz
> > /0/400/700  memory 32KiB L1 cache
> > /0/400/701  memory 2MiB L2 cache
> > /0/400/702  memory 16MiB L3 cache
> > /0/401  processor  Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU
> > 3.40GHz
> > /0/401/703  memory 32KiB L1 cache
> > /0/401/704  memory 2MiB L2 cache
> > /0/401/705  memory 16MiB L3 cache
> > /0/402  processor  Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU
> > 3.40GHz
> > /0/402/706  memory 32KiB L1 cache
> > /0/402/707  memory 2MiB L2 cache
> > /0/402/708  memory 16MiB L3 cache
> > /0/403  processor  Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU
> > 3.40GHz
> > /0/403/709  memory 32KiB L1 cache
> > /0/403/70a  memory 2MiB L2 cache
> > /0/403/70b  memory 16MiB L3 cache
> > /0/1000 memory 64GiB System Memory
> > ...
> > 
> > Thanks,
> > Patrice
> 
> Your information is not helpful AT ALL.
> What are you are actually executing? What led to this error?
> Nobody has a chrystal bowl, being able to look  over your
> shoulder in the past (they are only for the future anyway).

It's not *that* bad.  We got the exact CPU model, the exact package
version, and the exact error message.

I'd say it's enough information to file a bug report with.  Adding
a recipe for how to produce the error messages would be good, too.
That's really the only missing piece.

Re: The nightmare of Intel Integrated GPUs under Linux in general and Debian in particular

[Curt]

On 2020-02-13, Miguel A. Vallejo  wrote:
>>
>> Have you monitored your CPU temperatures?
>
>
> Yes. Always under 40C... 45C max.
>
> Temperature is not the problem.

Long before the expiration of a nightmarish five-year period, this
correspondent would've abandoned INTEL integrated GPUs.

My standards must be low or something.

-- 
"J'ai pour me guérir du jugement des autres toute la distance qui me sépare de
moi." Antonin Artaud

Re: ufw and iptables not playing nice in testing with recent upgrade

[songbird]

tv.deb...@googlemail.com wrote:
> On 12/02/2020 05:03, riveravaldez wrote:
>> On 2/11/20, songbird  wrote:
>>>something in there didn't work today when i applied
>>> the upgrade.
>>>
>>>i don't have time to debug or file reports at the moment,
>>> so was able to partially downgrade to get a working connection
>>> again.
>>>
>>>put my hold back on iptables.  i'd had a hold on it for
>>> a while due to reported errors.  no idea why i decided i
>>> should try to let it go through this morning.  i'm kinda
>>> tied up for a few weeks...
>> 
>> Maybe similar. Yesterday, after dist-upgrade and reboot the network
>> interface seemed not to be working (for instance, none ping
>> worked/responded), it gave me the impression of a driver issue so
>> rebooted and tried with a previous kernel, that seemed to solve
>> partially the situation.
>> 
>> Right now:
>> 
>> $ uname -a
>> Linux debian 5.4.0-2-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.4.8-1 (2020-01-05) x86_64 
>> GNU/Linux
>> 
>> The first symptom (with the more recent kernel) was a message at boot
>> about UFW not being able to start (or something similar). That message
>> didn't appeared when I booted with the previous kernel (the one I'm
>> using right now).
>> 
>> Not sure of anything. Let me know if I can do something to diagnose
>> this situation properly.
>> 
>> Just informing in the hope it's of some utility.
>> 
>> Regards!
>> 
> Hi, running a 5.4 and 5.5 self compiled kernels for a while and it is my 
> experience too that ufw/gufw are broken. I switched to firewalld and 
> associated graphical config utilities on the affected machines, purging 
> iptables in the process.
> On the other hand shorewall + iptables seems to work fine so far. From 
> what I remember reading iptables is on it's way out anyway (correct me 
> if i am wrong).
>
> Hope it helps.


  temporary issue that is known:

  https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=949480


  songbird

Re: Best file system to use?

[Didar Hossain]

On Thu, Feb 13, 2020 at 12:18:42PM +0100, deloptes wrote:
> Dennis Wicks wrote:
> 
> > I have been using xfs but that is based on info
> > from many years ago.
> 
> If you have had no issues with xfs, why not use it in the future too?

I have been using XFS for data on dual HDD (RAID1->LVM->LUKS->XFS) on Debian
Stretch for more than a year, haven't experienced issues yet. OS is on Ext4 on
SDD. I use Urbackup (www.urbackup.org) to backup multiple Windows machines to
this box as well as Samba for simple shares.

I stayed away from Btrfs after hearing a lot of negative stories. ZFS on FreeBSD
is probably better if you need that kind of reliability. I am a one man show
currently managing the tech, so I don't really have that kind of mental
bandwidth to learn and setup FreeBSD+ZFS right now. But, you may explore that
path if you have the time.

Kind regards,
Didar

-- 
The world is moving so fast these days that the man who says it can't be
done is generally interrupted by someone doing it.
-- E. Hubbard

Re: FOSS friendly PDA?

[Richard Owlett]

On 02/13/2020 05:28 AM, deloptes wrote:

Richard Owlett wrote:


It's unclear on


https://store.planetcom.co.uk/collections/popular-items/products/gemini-pda-1


If it currently ships to US (although another page lists price in US
dollars).
I raise the question as https://shop.jolla.com/ explicitly states:


Sailfish X is currently available in the countries of the European Union,

Norway and Switzerland ("Authorized Countries") and the use of our

website

and services to purchase Sailfish X outside of the Authorized Countries
is prohibited.


but this is because if you purchase you get Android and it is related to
licensing and support.

If you use the free or community port - who can say no?!

I've tried this and that, but nothing comes even close to what Sailfish
offers.
Sadly they moved away from the MeeGo's debian package management system and
use pkcon now, but I do not think it is that relevant - well you have to
learn this and that when it comes to package management for sure.

for me it is important that there is large developer community, active
support (user community) and very good hardware support.

regards


In the last week I've been to a dozen sites loosely associated with this 
thread and some strange conflating.

Last week were had 60's. Same forecast for next week.
Today's wind chill will be in single digits.
I'll start with the sites Jeremy recommended yesterday and adequate 
coffee in order to have a coherent view.

Re: Comment interdire la consultation de son serveur web sur son IP directe et le port 443?

[G2PC]

> Si quelqu'un vient get / sur IP sans précédence domaine il aura la page par 
> défaut de ton choix.

C'est le cas, j'avais déjà une redirection vers mon site principale,
mais, comme je disais, elle ne fonctionnait que pour le protocole 80,
et, pas en 443, et, si je tentais d'utiliser IP:443 alors j'arrivais sur
un autre de mes sites.
Redirection normale IP:80 -> visionduweb.fr
Redirection anormale IP:443 -> ethernium.fun ( et consultation de
visionduweb.fr rendue il me semble impossible. )

Ce ce fait, j'ai opté pour bloquer la consultation en IP:80 depuis un
navigateur, pour ne pas entrer dans un schema ou, si IP:80 est
consultable, IP:443 le serait aussi, puisque ce n'est pas le cas.
J'ai donc créé une redirection 403 en cas de consultation IP:80 et la
règle de fail2ban apache-auth bloque le client après 3 échecs.

> Si quelqu'un vient get / sur IP avec précédence il sera envoyé vers le 
> repertoire du vhost domaine qui va lui charger le bon site.
>
> Fail2ban les IP sources qui viennent sur ton serveur est une très mauvaise 
> idée.
> Si iptables vient à missmatch sur le domaine réclamé il va ban le visiteur ou 
> +, car avec les réseaux NATés tu risques de bannir plusieurs centaines de 
> clients en trafic (réseaux mobiles par exemple)
Oui mais normalement, seul les clients qui créent des erreurs sont ban,
et, les clients ne devraient pas finir en 403, 3 fois de suite,
Tout comme, les clients ne devraient pas avoir à consulter les pages de
login pour l'administration,

Donc, normalement, les clients ban le sont car ils ont tenté une action
interdite par l'admin.


Concrètement, j'ai pu avancer un peu avec fail2ban et mettre en place de
nouvelles règles complémentaires.
Je n'ai toujours pas réussi à faire fonctionner ma propre règle qui me
permet de ban tout ce qui arrive sur IP:80 , je suppose que c'est la
regex qui ne correspond pas, ou que la regex existe déjà dans
apache-auth et fait double emploi.

Concrètement, j'ai encore cette problématique de IP:80 qui fonctionne à
la consultation, mais, IP:443 qui me renvoie vers un autre de mes sites,
et, je ne vois pas comment aborder l'identification de ce problème la.

Re: how to deal with 'trap invalid opcode'?

[Henning Follmann]

On Thu, Feb 13, 2020 at 12:24:34PM +0100, Patrice Duroux wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> The system on which it i occurring is a Debian Buster 10.3
> The binaries that are involved are provided by the following packages:
> ii  ncbi-blast+   2.8.1-1
>   amd64next generation suite of BLAST sequence search tools
> ii  ncbi-blast+-legacy2.8.1-1
>   all  NCBI Blast legacy call script
> 
> and here is what dmesg says:
> 
> [16950090.751977] traps: blastn[8041] trap invalid opcode ip:7f1a5e4ce98c
> sp:7ffe69e29be0 error:0 in libblast.so[7f1a5e48d000+66000]
> [16951820.852031] traps: blastn[8512] trap invalid opcode ip:7fd312fed98c
> sp:7ffe840c5780 error:0 in libblast.so[7fd312fac000+66000]
> [16952207.586375] traps: makeblastdb[8966] trap invalid opcode
> ip:7faa9aaa6b02 sp:7ffe4ff58040 error:0 in libxutil.so[7faa9aa73000+83000]
> [16952218.407194] traps: makeblastdb[8975] trap invalid opcode
> ip:7f8a2ac08b02 sp:7ffc88589580 error:0 in libxutil.so[7f8a2abd5000+83000]
> 
> May some amd64 packages supposed to be executable only for specific
> CPU/arch?
> 
> Here is the hardware information:
> 
> LANG=C lshw -short
> H/W pathDevice  Class  Description
> ==
> system PowerEdge 6850
> /0  bus0RD318
> /0/0memory 64KiB BIOS
> /0/400  processor  Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU
> 3.40GHz
> /0/400/700  memory 32KiB L1 cache
> /0/400/701  memory 2MiB L2 cache
> /0/400/702  memory 16MiB L3 cache
> /0/401  processor  Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU
> 3.40GHz
> /0/401/703  memory 32KiB L1 cache
> /0/401/704  memory 2MiB L2 cache
> /0/401/705  memory 16MiB L3 cache
> /0/402  processor  Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU
> 3.40GHz
> /0/402/706  memory 32KiB L1 cache
> /0/402/707  memory 2MiB L2 cache
> /0/402/708  memory 16MiB L3 cache
> /0/403  processor  Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU
> 3.40GHz
> /0/403/709  memory 32KiB L1 cache
> /0/403/70a  memory 2MiB L2 cache
> /0/403/70b  memory 16MiB L3 cache
> /0/1000 memory 64GiB System Memory
> ...
> 
> Thanks,
> Patrice

Your information is not helpful AT ALL.
What are you are actually executing? What led to this error?
Nobody has a chrystal bowl, being able to look  over your
shoulder in the past (they are only for the future anyway).

-H



-- 
Henning Follmann   | hfollm...@itcfollmann.com

Revised description of a FOSS friendly PDA

[Richard Owlett]

On 02/11/2020 10:09 AM, Richard Owlett wrote:
I wish to enter/store data while away from home. The data will then be 
transferred to my laptop via a USB cable. [Think the capability of one 
of the old Palm Pilots in a smartphone(sic) form factor]





"Palm Pilot" was the not best visualization.
A better image would be the pocket protector full of 3x5 cards a fellow 
engineering student used in the early 60's. He had it organized for 
quick retrieval of notes on a specific topic.


Everything I wish to do accomplish has a direct analog to how he did things.

An inverse is frequently also true.
E.G. A frequent "must have" feature of a smartphone is a cell modem. The 
analog would be my friend viewing someone-else's set of cards.


Many smartphone features are of no value or are detrimental to my 
intended use. Prime examples include Android OS and any graphical browser.


What I could envision using would be Debian with a minimal MATE Desktop 
and a single custom Tcl/Tk app. The bottom of the screen would have a
4x15 character array emulating a QWERTY keyboard for input of arbitrary 
alphanumeric data. Display of "retrieved data" or "data being entered" 
would be handled by the Tcl/Tk app.

Meetup Debian Toulouse

[Romain Perier]

Hello,

Contributeurs à Debian depuis quelque temps, j'aimerai m'impliquer
d'une autre façon en organisant un meetup à Toulouse. Ma société, peut
mettre à disposition gratuitement ses locaux à fin d'y héberger
l'évènement.

Pour l'instant les dates retenues sont soit le 05 Juin, soit le 06 Juin.

Nous sommes à la recherche de personnes impliquées dans le projet, qui
souhaiteraient partager quelque choses dans le cadre de cet évènement.
Une petite conf sur un sujet en rapport avec Debian que vous
maitrisez, un lightning talk sur les dernieres évols d'un projet
debian pour bullseye sur lequel vous avez travaillé (l'installeur,
debian-ci, la sécu...) , etc...


Des gens motivés ?

Cordialement,
Romain Perier

how to deal with 'trap invalid opcode'?

[Patrice Duroux]

Hi,

The system on which it i occurring is a Debian Buster 10.3
The binaries that are involved are provided by the following packages:
ii  ncbi-blast+   2.8.1-1
  amd64next generation suite of BLAST sequence search tools
ii  ncbi-blast+-legacy2.8.1-1
  all  NCBI Blast legacy call script

and here is what dmesg says:

[16950090.751977] traps: blastn[8041] trap invalid opcode ip:7f1a5e4ce98c
sp:7ffe69e29be0 error:0 in libblast.so[7f1a5e48d000+66000]
[16951820.852031] traps: blastn[8512] trap invalid opcode ip:7fd312fed98c
sp:7ffe840c5780 error:0 in libblast.so[7fd312fac000+66000]
[16952207.586375] traps: makeblastdb[8966] trap invalid opcode
ip:7faa9aaa6b02 sp:7ffe4ff58040 error:0 in libxutil.so[7faa9aa73000+83000]
[16952218.407194] traps: makeblastdb[8975] trap invalid opcode
ip:7f8a2ac08b02 sp:7ffc88589580 error:0 in libxutil.so[7f8a2abd5000+83000]

May some amd64 packages supposed to be executable only for specific
CPU/arch?

Here is the hardware information:

LANG=C lshw -short
H/W pathDevice  Class  Description
==
system PowerEdge 6850
/0  bus0RD318
/0/0memory 64KiB BIOS
/0/400  processor  Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU
3.40GHz
/0/400/700  memory 32KiB L1 cache
/0/400/701  memory 2MiB L2 cache
/0/400/702  memory 16MiB L3 cache
/0/401  processor  Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU
3.40GHz
/0/401/703  memory 32KiB L1 cache
/0/401/704  memory 2MiB L2 cache
/0/401/705  memory 16MiB L3 cache
/0/402  processor  Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU
3.40GHz
/0/402/706  memory 32KiB L1 cache
/0/402/707  memory 2MiB L2 cache
/0/402/708  memory 16MiB L3 cache
/0/403  processor  Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU
3.40GHz
/0/403/709  memory 32KiB L1 cache
/0/403/70a  memory 2MiB L2 cache
/0/403/70b  memory 16MiB L3 cache
/0/1000 memory 64GiB System Memory
...

Thanks,
Patrice

Re: The nightmare of Intel Integrated GPUs under Linux in general and Debian in particular

[deloptes]

Miguel A. Vallejo wrote:

>> I've never had an Intel GPU but always had the impression they
>> were pretty solid, but my opinion is changing.
> 
> As a user of Intel GPUs for the last 5 years I can tell you Intel GPUs
> and Linux are just a nightmare. A truly pain in the ass.
> 

May be in yours but not in mine and I think it is valid for many others.

>> Note that kernel 5.5 may still have issues
> 
> Yeah, I read it. I have been playing with the xserver-xorg-video-intel
> in Buster with kernel 4.19.0-8 and trying different options in
> xorg.conf I didn't get any hang since 10 hours ago, almost a new
> record for me. Also text console corruption has disappeared, so I will
> use this configuration to try to get pending work done, and then I
> will see. I still don't rule out buying a new graphics card.
> 
> Thank you for all your comments and suggestions. They are really helping
> me.

My PC is running sometimes for months as mentioned before with earlier
kernel versions there were indeed issues, but 4.19.25 was the hit for me.

If you look at the changelog - many things changed and improved.

I already forgot what was your board, but it could be something else in your
configuration that causes those issues. Many people use some experimental
options etc. in Xorg and then complain.

Re: FOSS friendly PDA?

[deloptes]

Richard Owlett wrote:

> It's unclear on
>
https://store.planetcom.co.uk/collections/popular-items/products/gemini-pda-1
> 
> If it currently ships to US (although another page lists price in US
> dollars).
> I raise the question as https://shop.jolla.com/ explicitly states:
> 
>> Sailfish X is currently available in the countries of the European Union,
>> > Norway and Switzerland ("Authorized Countries") and the use of our
> website
>> and services to purchase Sailfish X outside of the Authorized Countries
>> is prohibited.

but this is because if you purchase you get Android and it is related to
licensing and support.

If you use the free or community port - who can say no?!

I've tried this and that, but nothing comes even close to what Sailfish
offers. 
Sadly they moved away from the MeeGo's debian package management system and
use pkcon now, but I do not think it is that relevant - well you have to
learn this and that when it comes to package management for sure.

for me it is important that there is large developer community, active
support (user community) and very good hardware support.

regards

Re: Best file system to use?

[deloptes]

Dennis Wicks wrote:

> I have been using xfs but that is based on info
> from many years ago.

If you have had no issues with xfs, why not use it in the future too?

Re: Re: The nightmare of Intel Integrated GPUs under Linux in general and Debian in particular

[Miguel A. Vallejo]

>
> Have you monitored your CPU temperatures?


Yes. Always under 40°C... 45°C max.

Temperature is not the problem.

Re: buster: low audio level

[Curt]

On 2020-02-12, D. R. Evans  wrote:
>
> card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC888-VD Analog [ALC888-VD Analog
> ]
>   Subdevices: 0/1
>   Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
>

You might try

 alsamixer -c0

and turn up some of those volumes sliders, if you haven't already, and
they're not already maxed out.

Some people have had luck raising the volume level with
pulseaudio-equalizer ('qpaeq' at the command line).

-- 
"J'ai pour me guérir du jugement des autres toute la distance qui me sépare de
moi." Antonin Artaud

consommation de carburant

[Madeleine Durand]

Bonjour,

Notre outil vous fournit les meilleures solutions télématiques sur le marché.

Nous vous proposons un système de surveillance de véhicule innovant comprenant 
davantage de fonctionnalités et qui satisfait près de l’ensemble des besoins de 
gestion de flotte existants.

Bénéficiez d’une période d'essai gratuite de 3 mois et explorez sans aucun 
risque l’étendue des fonctionnalités de notre outil.

Souhaitez-vous gérer plus efficacement vos voitures et autres véhicules de 
société ?

Cordialement,
Madeleine Durand

consommation de carburant

[Madeleine Durand]

Bonjour,

Notre outil vous fournit les meilleures solutions télématiques sur le marché.

Nous vous proposons un système de surveillance de véhicule innovant comprenant 
davantage de fonctionnalités et qui satisfait près de l’ensemble des besoins de 
gestion de flotte existants.

Bénéficiez d’une période d'essai gratuite de 3 mois et explorez sans aucun 
risque l’étendue des fonctionnalités de notre outil.

Souhaitez-vous gérer plus efficacement vos voitures et autres véhicules de 
société ?

Cordialement,
Madeleine Durand

Re: Bind9 slave

[Christophe Maquaire]

Le jeudi 13 février 2020 à 08:24 +0100, BERTRAND Joël a écrit :
> NoSpam a écrit :
> > Le 12/02/2020 à 23:06, BERTRAND Joël a écrit :
> > > NoSpam a écrit :
> > > > >  Maintenant, ce que je ne saisis pas.
> > > > > 
> > > > > legendre# dig @8.8.8.8 systella.fr | grep systella
> > > > > ; <<>> DiG 9.10.5-P1 <<>> @8.8.8.8 systella.fr
> > > > > ;systella.fr.   IN  A
> > > > > systella.fr.1741IN  SOA
> > > > > rayleigh.systella.fr.
> > > > > bertrand.systella.fr. 2020021201 28800 7200 604800 86400
> > > > > 
> > > > >  Ça semble normal (1741). Sur le slave :
> > > > > 
> > > > > legendre# dig @localhost systella.fr | grep systella
> > > > > ; <<>> DiG 9.10.5-P1 <<>> @localhost systella.fr
> > > > > ;systella.fr.   IN  A
> > > > > systella.fr.86400   IN  SOA
> > > > > rayleigh.systella.fr.
> > > > > bertrand.systella.fr. 2020021201 28800 7200 604800 86400
> > > > > 
> > > > > (tous les slaves tant qu'à faire) et le master, j'obtiens
> > > > > 86400.
> > > > Avec Debian9 et Debian10 en slave, je dois faire deux fois la
> > > > requête
> > > > dig: la 1ere fois comme toi j'obtiens le TTL défini dans le
> > > > master, la
> > > > seconde fois et celles d'après le TTL décrémenté. Si tu
> > > > utilises des
> > > > views dig n'affichera que les vues locales.
> > > Bon, j'obtiens toujours le même.
> > Essaye avec dig @8.8.8.8 +nocmd +answer +ttlid a systella.fr ici ca
> > fonctionne
> 
>   Oui, sur 8.8.8.8, ça fonctionne.
> 
> > > Ce n'est pas grave. Ce qui l'est en
> > > revanche plus, c'est la non propagation sur le slave _sans
> > > enlever le
> > > fichier cache_.
> > 
> > Problème version BSD ?
> 
>   Pas sûr. Il y a deux slaves, l'un sur un NetBSD, l'autre chez
> Nerim.
> Même motif, même punition :
> 
> legendre# dig @noemie.nerim.net systella.fr | grep systella
> ; <<>> DiG 9.10.5-P1 <<>> @noemie.nerim.net systella.fr
> ;systella.fr.   IN  A
> systella.fr.86400   IN  SOA rayleigh.systella.fr.
> bertrand.systella.fr. 2020021201 28800 7200 604800 86400
> 
>   Je ne sais pas sous quel OS tourne noemie.nerim.net, mais les
> probabilités pour que ce serveur tourne sous un NetBSD me semblent
> assez
> faibles.
> 
>   Autre chose : noemie.nerim.net prend immédiatement en compte le
> serial
> et met à jour la zone. Je viens de tester en incrémentant le serial.
> Heureusement d'ailleurs, parce que ce serveur utilise aussi nsupdate
> pour mettre à jour un certificat letsencrypt *.systella.fr.
> 
>   Pour information, les versions de bind9 sont les suivantes :
> - master (Linux Debian/testing) : BIND 9.11.14-3-Debian (Extended
> Support Version)
> - slave1 (NetBSD 8.1) : BIND 9.10.5-P1 (Extended Support Version)
> - slave2 (chez Nerim) : version inconnue, je ne suis même pas sûr que
> ce
> soit un bind9.
> 
>   La seule différence entre les deux :
> - slave1 récupère la vue interne (slave1 est le DNS d'un site distant
> relié par VPN et n'est pas un DNC public) ;
> - slave2 récupère la vue externe (et est, lui, public).
> 
>   dig axfr @master fonctionne parfaitement (et il n'y a pas de
> problème
> réseau ou de MTU).
> 
>   Le système de vues fonctionne parfaitement. Lorsque la
> résolution des
> noms arrive depuis une interface LAN/VPN, bind retourne les adresses
> de
> la vue interne. Sinon, celles de la vue externe.
> 
>   Bref, tout ça n'est pas clair. Je comprendrais cette absence de
> propagation sur slave1 si la requête dig axfr depuis slave1 échouait
> ou
> s'il n'y avait pas de paquet de notification. Or dig axfr fonctionne
> et
> je vois le paquet de notification ainsi que sa réponse !
> 
>   Bien cordialement,
> 
>   JB
> 

Re: FOSS friendly PDA?

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Mi, 12 feb 20, 09:29:03, David Wright wrote:
> On Tue 11 Feb 2020 at 17:32:57 (-0500), Dan Ritter wrote:
> 
> > The PinePhone has 6 physical killswitches:
> > 
> >  Modem: On enables 2G/3G/4G communication and GNSS hardware,
> > off disables.
> 
> Presumably this is what they refer to as the "LTE/GNSS switch".
> Obviously I'm meant to know that it kills EG-25G too. Naturally
> I've heard of 5G, though I have no idea whether my phones are
> 2G or 3G. EG and 25G don't seem to fit into this scheme of things.
> I guess I have to settle down with a dictionary of acronyms.

Not an acronym
https://www.quectel.com/product/eg25g.htm

Kind regards,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


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Re: The nightmare of Intel Integrated GPUs under Linux in general and Debian in particular

[Ben Caradoc-Davies]

On 13/02/2020 18:24, T wrote:

Have you monitored your CPU temperatures?


mprime (AKA Prime95) is a well-known CPU stress tester.

I would also test memory with multiple concurrent instances of 
memtester. All problems I suspected of being caused by CPU overheating 
were in fact caused by RAM (most recently, a tiny overclock that seemed 
safe and harmless but caused intermittent corruption). Integrated GPUs 
are totally reliant on system RAM.


There is also gputest, but I have not used it.

Kind regards,

--
Ben Caradoc-Davies 
Director
Transient Software Limited 
New Zealand

Re: Having trouble installing Debian on brand new hard drive

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Mi, 12 feb 20, 09:08:26, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> On Wed, Feb 12, 2020 at 03:01:52PM +0100, Klaus Singvogel wrote:
> > kaye n wrote:
> > > *For the future, you could paste the (relevant part from) the output of
> > > 'parted -l'.*
> > > Just curious, never encountered that command before.
> > > kaye@laptop:~$ parted -l
> > > bash: parted: command not found
> > 
> > You can install it then: "sudo apt-get install parted"
> > But I prefer output of "lsblk"; but this is only a matter of taste.
> 
> lsblk  is nice because it doesn't seem to require root.
 
In particular 'lsblk -f', especially since output of 'mount' is 
cluttered with lots of other file systems that are not relevant when 
looking at storage.

> fdisk -l   is another choice (requires root, though).
> 
> fdisk was *the* go-to command a few decades back, but it was discouraged
> for a while because it was slow to adopt GPT support.  Current versions
> of fdisk support GPT disk partitioning, so it's back on the acceptable
> list.

The advantage of 'parted -l' vs. 'fdisk -l' (especially in this 
situation) is that it also shows if the partition has a file system and 
what type.

Kind regards,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


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Re: Looking for FOSS supported PCIe x4 SATA 6 Gb/s HBA with 4 or 8 ports

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Mi, 12 feb 20, 23:39:20, deloptes wrote:
> Andrei POPESCU wrote:
> 
> > Could you please elaborate or provide a reference for this?
> > 
> > While my 3TB WD Red doesn't appear to have problems with my current
> > usage, I'd like to be prepared.
> 
> Google "western digital wd red 4tb issues" or "western digital wd red 3tb
> issues"

A quick DDG doesn't reveal anything particularly worrying about the 3TB 
drives. Mine has been running 1,5 year with no apparent issues.

Kind regards,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


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