Re: Engegada aleatòria

[Narcis Garcia]

__
I'm using this dedicated address because personal addresses aren't
masked enough at this mail public archive. Public archive administrator
should fix this against automated addresses collectors.
El 11/3/21 a les 10:23, Alex Muntada ha escrit:
> Hola Antoni
> 
>> Moltes BIOS modernes (i no tan modernes) permeten actualitzar
>> des de usb storage o xarxa.
>>
>> Així no depens de software no provat el propi fabricant, que
>> sempre dona un punt de tranquilitat.
> 
> Potser no te n'has adonat però la iniciativa del fwupd.org està
> impulsada precisament pels fabricants i les actualitzacions que
> hi publiquen estan certificades per al seu maquinari.
> 
> Jo trobo molt més fàcil instal·lar una actualització de la BIOS
> quan t'avisa l'escriptori que la tens disponible, que no pas
> buscar la BIOS per al meu maquinari, mirar la que ja tinc,
> descarregar-ho, escriure-ho en un USB i creuar els dits perquè
> m'hagi descarregat el que toca i tot rutlli bé.

Jo ara he provat:
$ fwupdmgr get-devices
i de la placa base em diu:
UpdateError: Firmware can not be updated in legacy mode, switch to UEFI
mode.

...resulta que jo sempre configuro les BIOS per a evitar completament el
UEFI, i també les instal·lacions de sistema operatiu.
Suposo que en aquesta situació (i en cas de necessitar actualitzar el
BIOS) tocaria canviar a UEFI i arrencar amb un dispositiu extern via
UEFI per tal d'utilitzar el fwupdmgr en una sessió «Live».

Re: Debian question

[Karthik]

On Fri, Mar 12, 2021, 11:27 AM jacky cheung 
wrote:

> Hi,
>
> I am new to debian and trying to learn about its operating system.
>
> I am trying to learn how processor management techniques utilized and its
> functions, quantum, interrupts and multiprocessor. I am confused and trying
> to find particular resources related to these topics. What are the best
> resources or communities that could help me find and research more about
> these? please advise.
>
> First search "what Debian is?"
>
It's a software distribution for Gnu/linux and others

Processor management, interrupts, SMP scheduling are handled by the kernels
like linux kernel

So if you want to research about them try searching for Linux internals,
smp, scheduling, etc...

>

Re: How i can optimize my operating system?

[Weaver]

On 12-03-2021 16:59, deloptes wrote:
> Felix Miata wrote:
> 
>> Several months ago FB turned nearly useless with sloth. I have a sense
>> what happened is it started screening everything for potential to censor.
>> I can type nearly a sentence before any characters appear on screen.
>> Anything serious I wish to post has to be composed elsewhere and pasted
>> in, then wait and wait and wait for ack.
> 
> I have a simple solution to that. I never had or will ever have a facebook
> or whatever SM account.
> It is just a waste of time. The debian user list (and some others are much
> better)

+1.
I have never had a Facebook account and never will.
The only time I come across the interface is by accident when running
round the web.
There are far better, more constructive things to do in life.
Cheers!

Harry
-- 
`The World is not dangerous because of those who do harm but
 because of those who look on without doing anything'.
 -- Albert Einstein

Re: How i can optimize my operating system?

[deloptes]

Felix Miata wrote:

> Several months ago FB turned nearly useless with sloth. I have a sense
> what happened is it started screening everything for potential to censor.
> I can type nearly a sentence before any characters appear on screen.
> Anything serious I wish to post has to be composed elsewhere and pasted
> in, then wait and wait and wait for ack.

I have a simple solution to that. I never had or will ever have a facebook
or whatever SM account.
It is just a waste of time. The debian user list (and some others are much
better)

Re: How to make btrfs forget a disk?

[deloptes]

Victor Sudakov wrote:

> "wipefs -t btrfs -f -a /dev/nvme1n1" did the job.
> 
> Still wondering where those labels are stored on disk in Linux.
> 

FS Superblock? 

> In FreeBSD, GEOM(4) usually keeps such stuff in the last sector of a
> volume/device.

I think it depends on the FS not on the OS.

if search engines are not working where you live, I think this is a good
howto (just found it among the top 10hits in duckduckgo)

https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-use-wipefs-to-wipe-a-signature-from-disk-on-linux/

Re: What does "Control: reassign -1 libaqbanking44" mean?

[Sven Joachim]

On 2021-03-12 02:13 -0400, Tony Rowe wrote:

> On Fri, Mar 12, 2021 at 12:36:59PM +0900, 황병희 wrote:
>> Hi i am translator Debain webpage in Korean.
>> 
>> At bug mailing,
>> some user wrote in body of message [1] as below:
>> 
>> #+begin_src text
>> Control: reassign -1 libaqbanking44
>> #+end_src
>> 
>> In particular, i am curious the digit "-1".
>> For long time i was thinking about that the "-1".
>> 
>> Is that "subtraction"? or another meaning?
>> 
>> Oh please really my head is stiff..
>> 
>> Sincerely, Byung-Hee
>> 
>> [1] https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=984980
>> 
>> -- 
>> ^고맙습니다 _地平天成_ 감사합니다_^))//
>  
> Hi Byung-Hee,
>
> "-1" refers to making "one clone" of the bug report and is issued to 
> the control server, usually by the packager of the package (as I 
> understand it). [1]

No, in this context it means "the bug you are replying to".

https://www.debian.org/Bugs/Reporting.html#control

Cheers,
   Sven

Re: How i can optimize my operating system?

[William Torrez Corea]

I get the following result:
__
cpu:
   Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4500U CPU @ 1.80GHz, 800 MHz
   Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4500U CPU @ 1.80GHz, 800 MHz
   Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4500U CPU @ 1.80GHz, 800 MHz
   Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4500U CPU @ 1.80GHz, 800 MHz
keyboard:
  /dev/input/event7Logitech Unifying Receiver
  /dev/input/event0AT Translated Set 2 keyboard
mouse:
  /dev/input/mice  Logitech Unifying Receiver
  /dev/input/mice  SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad
monitor:
   J7P58 HB14300 LCD Monitor
graphics card:
   Intel Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller
sound:
   Intel 8 Series HD Audio Controller
   Intel Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller
storage:
   Intel 8 Series SATA Controller 1 [AHCI mode]
network:
  enp7s0   Realtek RTL810xE PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller
  wlp6s0   Qualcomm Atheros QCA9565 / AR9565 Wireless Network
Adapter
network interface:
  enp7s0   Ethernet network interface
  wlp6s0   Ethernet network interface
  lo   Loopback network interface
disk:
  /dev/sda Hitachi HTS54252
partition:
  /dev/sda1Partition
  /dev/sda2Partition
  /dev/sda5Partition
  /dev/sda6Partition
  /dev/sda7Partition
  /dev/sda8Partition
cdrom:
  /dev/sr0 MATSHITA DVD+-RW UJ8E2
usb controller:
   Intel 8 Series USB EHCI #1
bios:
   BIOS
bridge:
   Intel 8 Series PCI Express Root Port 1
   Intel 8 Series LPC Controller
   Intel 8 Series PCI Express Root Port 4
   Intel Haswell-ULT DRAM Controller
   Intel 8 Series PCI Express Root Port 3
hub:
   Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
   Intel Hub
memory:
   Main Memory
bluetooth:
   Qualcomm Atheros Bluetooth Device
unknown:
   FPU
   DMA controller
   PIC
   Keyboard controller
   PS/2 Controller
   Intel 8 Series HECI #0
   Intel 8 Series SMBus Controller
  /dev/input/event19   Suyin Laptop_Integrated_Webcam_HD
___
top - 23:49:37 up  3:23,  1 user,  load average: 2.90, 1.48, 0.95
Tasks: 222 total,   2 running, 220 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 62.4 us, 10.4 sy,  0.0 ni, 21.6 id,  2.7 wa,  0.0 hi,  2.9 si,
 0.0 st
MiB Mem :   3851.6 total,   1171.8 free,   1492.1 used,   1187.7 buff/cache
MiB Swap:   8095.0 total,   8072.0 free, 23.0 used.   1983.6 avail Mem

  PID USER  PR  NIVIRTRESSHR S  %CPU  %MEM TIME+
COMMAND
 7988 lulu  20   0 2562964 247644 112156 R 108.3   6.3   0:11.33 Web
Content
 7772 lulu  20   0 2737548 345892 138548 S  93.4   8.8   0:37.64
x-www-browser
 7091 lulu  20   0  651744  52428  34836 S  34.4   1.3   0:09.98
xfce4-terminal
 1260 root  20   0  355352  71136  48052 S  18.5   1.8   8:17.92 Xorg

 7874 lulu  20   0 8809572 175388  88748 S  13.6   4.4   0:11.50
WebExtensions
 7913 lulu  20   0 2516084 164800 106720 S   6.6   4.2   0:05.78 Web
Content
 7821 lulu  20   0 2456924 148520  97812 S   6.0   3.8   0:06.93
Privileged Cont
 8106 root  20   0   19100   6396   5584 S   5.3   0.2   0:00.16
systemd-hostnam
 8044 lulu  20   0 2387368  71204  56140 S   3.3   1.8   0:00.57 Web
Content
 1813 lulu  20   0 1181656   8720   5404 S   3.0   0.2   0:16.61
ibus-daemon
 1901 lulu  20   0   68852  21928  17700 S   2.3   0.6   0:51.24 xfwm4

 1834 lulu  20   0  283936  24860  20052 S   1.0   0.6   0:06.36
ibus-ui-gtk3
1 root  20   0  169780   8780   6308 S   0.7   0.2   0:01.93
systemd
  651 message+  20   0   10476   5164   3500 S   0.7   0.1   0:03.39
dbus-daemon
 1983 lulu  20   0  261384  34164  24440 S   0.7   0.9   0:14.02
panel-16-fsguar
   10 root  20   0   0  0  0 I   0.3   0.0   0:06.04
rcu_sched
   13 root  20   0   0  0  0 I   0.3   0.0   0:05.08
kworker/0:1-mm_percpu_wq
  286 root  20   0   39684   9168   7708 S   0.3   0.2   0:02.22
systemd-journal
  368 root  20   0   0  0  0 I   0.3   0.0   0:02.94
kworker/3:2-events
  662 avahi 20   08264   3076   2760 S   0.3   0.1   0:00.16
avahi-daemon
  831 root  20   0 3493084  87840  21644 S   0.3   2.2   0:18.86 java

 1202 dnsmasq   20   0   18080   2236   1852 S   0.3   0.1   0:00.22
dnsmasq
 1576 root  20   0   85504  27664   7188 S   0.3   0.7   0:02.94
windscribe
 1837 lulu  20   0  283200  22520  15232 S   0.3   

Re: What does "Control: reassign -1 libaqbanking44" mean?

[Tony Rowe]

On Fri, Mar 12, 2021 at 12:36:59PM +0900, 황병희 wrote:
> Hi i am translator Debain webpage in Korean.
> 
> At bug mailing,
> some user wrote in body of message [1] as below:
> 
> #+begin_src text
> Control: reassign -1 libaqbanking44
> #+end_src
> 
> In particular, i am curious the digit "-1".
> For long time i was thinking about that the "-1".
> 
> Is that "subtraction"? or another meaning?
> 
> Oh please really my head is stiff..
> 
> Sincerely, Byung-Hee
> 
> [1] https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=984980
> 
> -- 
> ^고맙습니다 _地平天成_ 감사합니다_^))//
 
Hi Byung-Hee,

"-1" refers to making "one clone" of the bug report and is issued to 
the control server, usually by the packager of the package (as I 
understand it). [1]

In this case, the original report was made to a package-name with a 
typo (libaqbaning44).  So this control [server] instruction was 
reassigning it to the actual package, (libaqbanking44) - with one 
clone of the original bug report.

This is probably an exceptional usage case since the cloning of the 
bug report is done to correct the package-name rather than to indicate 
the bug in two actual packages.

Tony

[1]  https://www.debian.org/Bugs/server-control
[...]
clone bugnumber NewID [ new IDs ... ] 

The clone control command allows you to duplicate a bug report. It is 
useful in the case where a single report actually indicates that 
multiple distinct bugs have occurred. "New IDs" are negative numbers, 
separated by spaces, which may be used in subsequent control commands 
to refer to the newly duplicated bugs. A new report is generated for 
each new ID.

Example usage:

clone 12345 -1 -2
reassign -1 foo
retitle -1 foo: foo sucks
reassign -2 bar

[...]

Debian question

[jacky cheung]

Hi,

I am new to debian and trying to learn about its operating system.

I am trying to learn how processor management techniques utilized and its
functions, quantum, interrupts and multiprocessor. I am confused and trying
to find particular resources related to these topics. What are the best
resources or communities that could help me find and research more about
these? please advise.

Thank You

Re: Network connection of a qemu guest.

[Reco]

Hi.

On Thu, Mar 11, 2021 at 02:19:28PM -0800, pe...@easthope.ca wrote:
> There's no mention of shutting off the built-in DHCP server.

That's because there's no need to.
Unless guess OS requests a DHCP less, a DHCP server will remain dormant.

> Maybe a specific ip address shuts it off. 

No, it does not work that way.

> > If you don't like guest OS to be configured by DHCP, you're welcome to
> > use /e/n/i snippet that I referenced in my previous e-mail.
> 
> I added this stanza to /e/n/i .
> 
> # An interface for subnet to qemu guest.
> auto qemunic

It should not work this way, and it did not.

You're supposed to use the interface name your guest OS sees (as in -
"ifconfig", "ip a"), not QEMU label ("qemunic" in this case). 

> The qemu -nic option above has "id=qemunic" and the stanza above 
> has qemunic.

An "id" option has nothing to do with guest OS interface name. It's
merely a label to distinguish between several instances of virtual
hardware of the same type.
For instance, one can specify several NICs for the quest this way:

qemu-system-x86_64 -name ... \
-netdev tap,id=hostnet0,fd=3 -device \
virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=$MAC0 \
-netdev tap,id=hostnet1,fd=4 -device \
virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet1,id=net1,mac=$MAC1 \
-netdev tap,id=hostnet2,fd=5 -device \
virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet2,id=net2,mac=$MAC2 \
-netdev tap,id=hostnet3,fd=6 \
-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet3,id=net3,mac=$MAC3 \

And it does not make guest OS network interfaces to be called hostnet0
or net0, for instance.

Reco

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[Cindy Sue Causey]

On 3/11/21, Tixy  wrote:
> On Thu, 2021-03-11 at 13:25 -0400, Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z wrote:
>> 11 mar 2021 10:40,  wrote:[1]
>> > I would suggest that you leave the date and hour, also, please.  If
>> > I want to
>> > find the original email which might have more context, that is very
>> > helpful.
>>
>> Let me see.  Does this [1] work for you?
>
> Butting into this discussion...
>
> I would suggest that the automatically inserted Spanish version is fine
> and shouldn't be edited. There comes a point where the inconvenience to
> the person sending the message outweighs the trivial benefits to the
> person receiving it.


These are international lists, too. I enjoy being reminded of that via
the attribution when a reply retains the author's language.

Cindy :)
-- 
Cindy-Sue Causey
Talking Rock, Pickens County, Georgia, USA

* runs with birdseed *

Re: How to make btrfs forget a disk?

[Victor Sudakov]

Victor Sudakov wrote:
> > On Fri, 12 Mar 2021 at 13:39, Victor Sudakov  wrote:
> > 
> > > btrfs thinks that /dev/nvme1n1 has a btrfs:
> > 
> > > # btrfs filesystem show
> > > Label: none  uuid: 3414ae53-f3d4-43ea-bb88-ffefc9bc86f6
> > > Total devices 1 FS bytes used 1.05TiB
> > > devid1 size 2.00TiB used 1.33TiB path /dev/nvme0n1
> > >
> > > Label: none  uuid: 38f74bc8-465d-4866-8ec1-3a144741012c
> > > Total devices 1 FS bytes used 831.16GiB
> > > devid1 size 3.00TiB used 1.48TiB path /dev/nvme1n1
> > >
> > > The problem is that /dev/nvme1n1 is being used for ZFS now, and there is
> > > currently no btrfs thereon. However, there is a btrfs label or something
> > > stuck somewhere, how can I clear it?
> > 
> > Hi,
> > 
> > I do not know the answer because I have never done that,
> > but try reading
> >   man 8 btrfs-device
> > 
> > and then perhaps
> >   btrfs device remove ...
> > 
> 
> "Remove device(s) from a filesystem identified by "
> 
> Hmm. /dev/nvme1n1 is not identified by any path because it's not mounted
> as a btrfs filesystem.

"wipefs -t btrfs -f -a /dev/nvme1n1" did the job.

Still wondering where those labels are stored on disk in Linux.

In FreeBSD, GEOM(4) usually keeps such stuff in the last sector of a
volume/device.

-- 
Victor Sudakov VAS4-RIPE
http://vas.tomsk.ru/
2:5005/49@fidonet


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Re: Is there an alternative filesystem hierarchy that could be adapted to Debian.

[David Wright]

On Thu 11 Mar 2021 at 16:02:55 (-0400), Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z wrote:
> El jue, 11 mar 2021 a las 14:51, David Wright escribió:
> > Take the case where partition E: contains the users' home
> > directories for users foo and bar. Foo's video collection
> > in E:/foo/Videos/ eventually grows so large that it has to
> > be hived off onto a separate device, F: is assigned to it,
> > and all of Foo's videos are moved there.
> >
> > Now, a file that Bar knew as E:/foo/Videos/cats.mp4, or
> > even ../foo/Videos/cats.mp4, has the new path F:/cats.mp4.
> >
> > Here's how that works differently on unix filesystems:
> >
> > Old scheme:
> > # mount /dev/sdc1 /home
> > ~foo/Videos/cats.mp4 (or ../foo/Videos/cats.mp4).
> >
> > New scheme:
> > # mount /dev/sdc1 /home
> > on which /home/foo/Videos/ has been copied to device /dev/sdd1,
> > and emptied.
> > # mount /dev/sdd1 /home/foo/Videos
> >
> > Now the videos copied to /dev/sdd1 all appear in the same
> > location as they did before, and all the file paths stay
> > the same.
> 
> Thanks for your proposition, I didn't understand the usefulness of a
> unified hierarchy until you put that example.
> 
> Well, you still have to mount it, don't you?  We don't have to delete
> the mount "feature"
> nor the unified hierarchy, instead we could use both approaches.

If you think you need the feature, it might not be too difficult to
set up, say, a directory called /top, which contains links A, B1, etc
pointing to any directory you choose. Symlinks are the normal way to
approach these requirements, and don't require any modifications to
the filesystem.

> Think of E: and F:
> as sdc1 and sdd1, with direct access to those E: and F:.

Take care how you express this. sdc1 and sdd1 *do* give you direct
access to devices, but it's raw, and doesn't go through the filesystem
access methods. Consequently it would be the easiest way to destroy
your files, which is exactly how most users employ it: with dd, to
write one filesystem over another, or to wipe it with /dev/zero or
/dev/urandom.

> (Now that I'm writing this,
> I think we could use E1: and F1:, I find it useful too).  Then you
> could write something like:
> 
> mount E1: /home
> mount F1: /home/foo/Videos

The point about sdc and sdd is that these names are outside your
control, being chosen by the kernel in ways you may need to learn
about. The only sensible way ahead here is for you to write
filesystem LABELs into the partitions, eg

LABEL=toto06 /home ext4 errors=remount-ro,nofail,noauto,user,exec,suid 0 2

from my own /etc/fstab. (But that still doesn't give you the option of
opening, say, toto06•Videos/dog.mp4, where • is some sensibly chosen
delimiter.)

I'm not familiar with how Windows assigns drive letters, particularly
ones that are meant to be Stable. Nor what happens if two devices
with the same (Stable) name are plugged in simultaneously.

> The boot device could always be An: (with "n" being some number), so
> the system could automatically do: "mount An: /" at boot.  If you
> would prefer some
> operating system interoperability, we could use Cn: instead of An:

I don't think you'll gain any interoperability from these
proposed changes to your filesystem. And any hope that you did
have would immediately be destroyed if you used a letter other
than C: to represent the system drive. That's not because it
has to be C:, but because everybody has respected that convention
since its invention. (IOW it's more like the convention that
usr is called usr, and not UlSteR.)

But AIUI you're fighting hard to go backwards. Under the right
circumstances, I am led to believe that you can mount devices
onto directories in Window's NTFS filesystems, thereby avoiding
letters.

> At the end, you have the safe option to write /something/something_else
> on the command line, or F1:/something/something_else at a GUI.

You'd have to sort out the delimiter ":", and the semantics of
a filename F1:something/something_else. (I take it you're familiar
with how the interpretation of F:a\b is distinguished from F:\a\b
in Windows.)

> Please read the following.
> 
> El mié, 10 mar 2021 a las 18:25, Stefan Monnier escribió:
> > > (...) To make it more clear, I think it's important to
> > > give (as much as possible) human-chosen names to the disks (for that
> > > reason I use LVM to partition my disks, where I can label my disks and
> > > partitions, although those labels aren't always reflected in the mount
> > > points, so they're not always visible in the actual names of the files
> > > that reside in them).

I, too, label my disk partitions with a LABEL (as seen in the
example above), and a PARTLABEL (Toto-Home), the latter required here
for unlocking the LUKS encryption,

$ sudo udisksctl unlock --block-device /dev/disk/by-partlabel/Toto-Home

because the LABEL is, as yet, hidden by the encryption.

Yes, there are limitations as to which labels are visible and/or
appropriate to use at different times. You can't unlock encryption
by LABEL, and 

Re: How to make btrfs forget a disk?

[Victor Sudakov]

David wrote:
> On Fri, 12 Mar 2021 at 13:39, Victor Sudakov  wrote:
> 
> > btrfs thinks that /dev/nvme1n1 has a btrfs:
> 
> > # btrfs filesystem show
> > Label: none  uuid: 3414ae53-f3d4-43ea-bb88-ffefc9bc86f6
> > Total devices 1 FS bytes used 1.05TiB
> > devid1 size 2.00TiB used 1.33TiB path /dev/nvme0n1
> >
> > Label: none  uuid: 38f74bc8-465d-4866-8ec1-3a144741012c
> > Total devices 1 FS bytes used 831.16GiB
> > devid1 size 3.00TiB used 1.48TiB path /dev/nvme1n1
> >
> > The problem is that /dev/nvme1n1 is being used for ZFS now, and there is
> > currently no btrfs thereon. However, there is a btrfs label or something
> > stuck somewhere, how can I clear it?
> 
> Hi,
> 
> I do not know the answer because I have never done that,
> but try reading
>   man 8 btrfs-device
> 
> and then perhaps
>   btrfs device remove ...
> 

"Remove device(s) from a filesystem identified by "

Hmm. /dev/nvme1n1 is not identified by any path because it's not mounted
as a btrfs filesystem.

-- 
Victor Sudakov VAS4-RIPE
http://vas.tomsk.ru/
2:5005/49@fidonet


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What does "Control: reassign -1 libaqbanking44" mean?

[황병희]

Hi i am translator Debain webpage in Korean.

At bug mailing,
some user wrote in body of message [1] as below:

#+begin_src text
Control: reassign -1 libaqbanking44
#+end_src

In particular, i am curious the digit "-1".
For long time i was thinking about that the "-1".

Is that "subtraction"? or another meaning?

Oh please really my head is stiff..

Sincerely, Byung-Hee

[1] https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=984980

-- 
^고맙습니다 _地平天成_ 감사합니다_^))//

Re: How to manually install WiFi firmware on Debian Live?

[Charles Curley]

On Thu, 11 Mar 2021 20:38:04 -0400
Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z  wrote:

> I tried to make a "Realtek RTL8191SU Wireless LAN 802.11n USB 2.0
> Network Adapter" work on Debian 10 Live with LXDE, but I couldn't.
> Here is what I already have tried:
> 
> 1-. Downloaded package firmware-realtek from package.debian.org.

Erm, possibly because firmware-realtek doesn't support that particular
adapter (??). It supports variants of the 8191, but I don't see the SU.

root@orca:~# apt-cache show firmware-realtek | grep -i RTL8191SU
root@orca:~# apt-cache show firmware-realtek | grep -i RTL8191
  * Realtek RTL8192SE/RTL8191SE firmware, version 4.816.2011
root@orca:~# 

I say, possibly, because Realtek firmware is screwy.

There are also USB WiFi adapters that simply don't play with Linux.

-- 
Does anybody read signatures any more?

https://charlescurley.com
https://charlescurley.com/blog/

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[rhkramer]

On Thursday, March 11, 2021 05:00:06 PM Charles Curley wrote:
> On Thu, 11 Mar 2021 14:49:51 -0400
> 
> Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z  wrote:
> > Does it work if I rather put this signature at the end of every
> > message?
> > 
> > 
> > Time zone: GMT-4
> > Months: Ene = Jan ; Abr = Apr ; Ago = Aug ; Dic = Dec
> 
> Actually, the time zone is redundant, as it is indicated in the
> time/date stamp on your emails, as indicated above.

Well it is present in the time stamp quoted above, but the time zone does not 
show up in the (original?) Spanish timestamp.

Re: How to make btrfs forget a disk?

[David]

On Fri, 12 Mar 2021 at 13:39, Victor Sudakov  wrote:

> btrfs thinks that /dev/nvme1n1 has a btrfs:

> # btrfs filesystem show
> Label: none  uuid: 3414ae53-f3d4-43ea-bb88-ffefc9bc86f6
> Total devices 1 FS bytes used 1.05TiB
> devid1 size 2.00TiB used 1.33TiB path /dev/nvme0n1
>
> Label: none  uuid: 38f74bc8-465d-4866-8ec1-3a144741012c
> Total devices 1 FS bytes used 831.16GiB
> devid1 size 3.00TiB used 1.48TiB path /dev/nvme1n1
>
> The problem is that /dev/nvme1n1 is being used for ZFS now, and there is
> currently no btrfs thereon. However, there is a btrfs label or something
> stuck somewhere, how can I clear it?

Hi,

I do not know the answer because I have never done that,
but try reading
  man 8 btrfs-device

and then perhaps
  btrfs device remove ...

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[Charles Curley]

On Thu, 11 Mar 2021 14:49:51 -0400
Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z  wrote:

> Does it work if I rather put this signature at the end of every
> message?
> 

> Time zone: GMT-4
> Months: Ene = Jan ; Abr = Apr ; Ago = Aug ; Dic = Dec

Actually, the time zone is redundant, as it is indicated in the
time/date stamp on your emails, as indicated above.

-- 
Does anybody read signatures any more?

https://charlescurley.com
https://charlescurley.com/blog/

How to make btrfs forget a disk?

[Victor Sudakov]

Dear Colleagues,

btrfs thinks that /dev/nvme1n1 has a btrfs:

# btrfs filesystem show
Label: none  uuid: 3414ae53-f3d4-43ea-bb88-ffefc9bc86f6
Total devices 1 FS bytes used 1.05TiB
devid1 size 2.00TiB used 1.33TiB path /dev/nvme0n1

Label: none  uuid: 38f74bc8-465d-4866-8ec1-3a144741012c
Total devices 1 FS bytes used 831.16GiB
devid1 size 3.00TiB used 1.48TiB path /dev/nvme1n1

The problem is that /dev/nvme1n1 is being used for ZFS now, and there is
currently no btrfs thereon. However, there is a btrfs label or something
stuck somewhere, how can I clear it?

I tried to unload/load the btrfs kernel module but it did not help. 
It's somewhere on disk, but where?

# blkid | grep nvme1n1
/dev/nvme1n1: UUID="38f74bc8-465d-4866-8ec1-3a144741012c" 
UUID_SUB="ada72e33-4467-4413-b78a-1a2392f62e62" TYPE="btrfs" 
PTUUID="d73a33f2-2b34-e64b-bc66-128320256a28" PTTYPE="gpt"
/dev/nvme1n1p1: LABEL="fastdrive" UUID="9760009171611183151" 
UUID_SUB="5246836986761113023" TYPE="zfs_member" 
PARTLABEL="zfs-04c563a98b6424bd" PARTUUID="ca163a7a-0150-714c-8e5f-375f57a8df2c"
/dev/nvme1n1p9: PARTUUID="bbc56956-5581-b449-a114-0ece0378a4c9

# Disk /dev/nvme1n1: 3 TiB, 3298534883328 bytes, 6442450944 sectors
Disk model: Amazon Elastic Block Store  
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: D73A33F2-2B34-E64B-BC66-128320256A28

Device  StartEndSectors Size Type
/dev/nvme1n1p1   2048 6442432511 6442430464   3T Solaris /usr & Apple ZFS
/dev/nvme1n1p9 6442432512 6442448895  16384   8M Solaris reserved 1

-- 
Victor Sudakov VAS4-RIPE
http://vas.tomsk.ru/
2:5005/49@fidonet


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: How to manually install WiFi firmware on Debian Live?

[IL Ka]

>
> 1-. Downloaded package firmware-realtek from package.debian.org.
> 2-. Booted Debian Live.
> 3-. Copied package from hard disk to the desktop (apt complains when
> I load it directly).
> 4-. Executed: sudo apt install firmware-realtek
> 5-. Executed: sudo depmod -a
> 6-. Executed: sudo modprobe r8712u
>

Lets see if driver was able to run your card:

Check output of
$ lspci
$ iw dev
$ ip link show

If everything is ok, check if your card can see any network

$ iw dev [YOUR_CARD_DEVICE] scan
(I do not remember exact syntax, try "man iw" or "iw help")

There is a good tutorial here: https://wiki.debian.org/WiFi/HowToUse

How to manually install WiFi firmware on Debian Live?

[Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z]

Hello.

I tried to make a "Realtek RTL8191SU Wireless LAN 802.11n USB 2.0
Network Adapter" work on Debian 10 Live with LXDE, but I couldn't.
Here is what I already have tried:

1-. Downloaded package firmware-realtek from package.debian.org.
2-. Booted Debian Live.
3-. Copied package from hard disk to the desktop (apt complains when
I load it directly).
4-. Executed: sudo apt install firmware-realtek
5-. Executed: sudo depmod -a
6-. Executed: sudo modprobe r8712u

Then, Wicd didn't show anything.  I ran udevadm, I don't remember how,
to see if the USB WiFi adapter was detected; it was and also
the module r8712u was loaded for it.

I need some help here, please.  I don't want to use a non-free firmware
live image.  Thanks.

Re: How i can optimize my operating system?

[Charles Curley]

On Thu, 11 Mar 2021 17:25:45 -0500
Felix Miata  wrote:

> > facebook I do not know  
>   
> Several months ago FB turned nearly useless with sloth. I have a
> sense what happened is it started screening everything for potential
> to censor. I can type nearly a sentence before any characters appear
> on screen. Anything serious I wish to post has to be composed
> elsewhere and pasted in, then wait and wait and wait for ack.

I observed the same thing. I use small VMs for FB, due to privacy
concerns, so sloth really shows up there. I solved it (at least
temporarily) by using vivaldi instead of Firefox. https://vivaldi.com

Vivaldi is based on Chromium, so your Chrome add-ons will also work on
it, and Chromium will probably give good results.

-- 
Does anybody read signatures any more?

https://charlescurley.com
https://charlescurley.com/blog/

Re: Network connection of a qemu guest.

[peter]

P.s.

I added this stanza to host:/e/n/i .

# An interface for subnet to qemu guest.
auto qemunic
allow-hotplug qemunic
iface qemunic inet static
   address 10.0.2.1
   netmask 255.255.255.0

Not guest:/e/n/i .

Thanks,... P.


-- 
cell: +1 236 464 1479Bcc: peter at easthope. ca
VoIP: +1 604 670 0140

Re: Network connection of a qemu guest.

[peter]

From: Reco 
Date: Thu, 11 Mar 2021 21:01:01 +0300
> DHCP is an option for a network configuration, not a requirement.

>From the qemu manual.

peter@joule:/home/peter/MY$ man qemu-system-i386 | grep DHCP
   Specifies the client hostname reported by the built-in DHCP
   Specify the first of the 16 IPs the built-in DHCP server can
   in DHCP server. More than one domain suffix can be transmitted
   Specifies the client domain name reported by the built-in DHCP
   (default first address given by the built-in DHCP server). By
peter@joule:/home/peter/MY$ man qemu-system-i386 | grep dhcp
   dhcpstart=addr
   
There's no mention of shutting off the built-in DHCP server.
Maybe a specific ip address shuts it off. 

qemu-system-i386 \
 -nic user,model=ne2k_pci,ipv6=off,id=qemunic,net=10.0.2.2/24 \
 ...
 
Qemu works.  The options aren't catastrophic.

> If you don't like guest OS to be configured by DHCP, you're welcome to
> use /e/n/i snippet that I referenced in my previous e-mail.

I added this stanza to /e/n/i .

# An interface for subnet to qemu guest.
auto qemunic
allow-hotplug qemunic
iface qemunic inet static
   address 10.0.2.1
   netmask 255.255.255.0

root@joule:~# /etc/init.d/networking restart
Restarting networking (via systemctl): networking.serviceJob for networking.serv
ice failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status networking.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
 failed!

> Ok, but surely it's a little problem to replace "eth0" with
> "enx", isn't it?

The qemu -nic option above has "id=qemunic" and the stanza above 
has qemunic.  Nevertheless, host networking isn't happy with it.

" -nic tap, ..." might be a better bet than " -nic user, ...".

Other tips?

Thanks,... P.


-- 
cell: +1 236 464 1479Bcc: peter at easthope. ca
VoIP: +1 604 670 0140

netboot debian-installer kernel too old

[Anhu]

Hi,

installing bullseye via network fails since the (directory named)
_current_ debian-installer at

http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/bullseye/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/debian-installer/amd64/linux

is a kernel 5.9.0-4-amd64:

# file linux
linux: Linux kernel x86 boot executable bzImage, version 5.9.0-4-amd64
(debian-ker...@lists.debian.org) #1 SMP Debian 5.9.11-1 (2020-11-27),
RO-rootFS, swap_dev 0x5, Normal VGA

... which does not match the more recent kernel (modules) in

http://ftp.debian.org:80/debian/dists/bullseye/main/debian-installer/binary-amd64/Packages.xz
.

which rather fit kernel-image-5.10.0-3-amd64.

The installation fails after 'download-installer' succeeded:

"WARNNG **: no packages matching running kernel 5.9.0-4-amd64 in archive"


How to file this bug? Does this belong to the pseudo pakage ftp.debian.org ?

Kind regards,
Anhu

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[Charles Curley]

On 21 Ventôse an 229 de la Révolution 12:32:01 -0600
David Wright  wrote:

> One small point: timezones are a great help in making the time
> relevant. I agree on language, no bother. Hey, we've even had one
> person using the French Revolutionary Calendar.

Anyone have any problems with the Mayan calendar? Today being Long
count = 13.0.8.6.2; tzolkin = 3 Ik; haab = 5 Cumku.

-- 
Does anybody read signatures any more?

https://charlescurley.com
https://charlescurley.com/blog/

Re: How i can optimize my operating system?

[Felix Miata]

deloptes composed on 2021-03-11 22:01 (UTC+0100):

> facebook I do not know

Several months ago FB turned nearly useless with sloth. I have a sense what
happened is it started screening everything for potential to censor. I can type
nearly a sentence before any characters appear on screen. Anything serious I 
wish
to post has to be composed elsewhere and pasted in, then wait and wait and wait
for ack.
-- 
Evolution as taught in public schools, like religion,
is based on faith, not on science.

 Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks!

Felix Miata  ***  http://fm.no-ip.com/

Re: How i can optimize my operating system?

[deloptes]

William Torrez Corea wrote:

> The problem occur when i execute different process at the same time. In
> this case i execute the following program: firefox, facebook, libreoffice.

the partitioning looks normal. you better post output of top. it gives more
information related to applications.

facebook I do not know, but firefox and libreoffice are memory/cpu hungry.
again top is needed here + may be syslog
you could also post output of free
$ free
  totalusedfree  shared  buff/cache  
available
Mem:7644556 6036100  247984  680280 1360472 
480256
Swap:   8388604 1321472 7067132

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[Brian]

On Thu 11 Mar 2021 at 12:30:43 -0500, The Wanderer wrote:

> On 2021-03-11 at 12:10, Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z wrote:
> 
> > On Thu, Mar 11 2021 at 10:40,  wrote:
> > 
> >> I would suggest that you leave the date and hour, also, please.  If
> >> I want to find the original email which might have more context,
> >> that is very helpful.
> > 
> > I could try but it is more problematic for quick answers since I
> > have the interface in Spanish, unless you don't mind reading:
> > "El jue, 11 mar 2021 a las 10:40,  escribió:"
> 
> For myself, that wouldn't bother me at all. I've seen attribution lines
> in less-recognizable languages, and since all the key information is
> still there and can be parsed with reasonably minimal effort, it serves
> the purpose just fine.

Agreed.
 
> I'd certainly prefer attribution lines like that than a complete lack of
> attribution, or ones with less information, in any case.

Anothe agrement,

It's a pity that Gnus appears incapable of providing an attribution.
Evidence is here:

https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2021/03/msg00535.html

-- 
Brian.

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z]

El jue, 11 mar 2021 a las 15:12,  escribió:
> Yes, especially the Time zone.  The months I can probably figure out.

El jue, 11 mar 2021 a las 15:24, David Wright
() escribió:
> No need for the months. People rarely post replies to such old messages.
> As for inserting it manually, the disadvantage is that it's misleading
> when it's wrong. For example, we change clocks in under a week, and it
> would be easy to forget this instance of a "clock".

Ok thanks.

The month could be useful for archival purposes.  If someone would
like to search
for something even on old threads, then he could find the posts more easy.
But if you really think it is not needed, then I could remove it to not bloat my
posts with that odd signature.

-- 
Time zone: GMT-4
Months: Ene = Jan ; Abr = Apr ; Ago = Aug ; Dic = Dec

Re: How i can optimize my operating system?

[David Wright]

On Thu 11 Mar 2021 at 13:20:49 (-0600), William Torrez Corea wrote:

> S.ficheros bloques de 1K   Usados Disponibles Uso% Montado en
> /dev/sda1   23898960 17317344 5344576  77% /
> /dev/sda7188826821568 1752732   2% /tmp
> /dev/sda59545920  1849604 7191692  21% /var
> /dev/sda8  147518348 5410749685847640  39% /home

Looks pretty normal. It's twentysomething years since I bothered
with separate /var/and /tmp on a desktop. Currently I've been
using ~30GB for a root filesystem on a 500GB disk, and they sit at
35-70% in use.

> The problem occur when i execute different process at the same time. In
> this case i execute the following program: firefox, facebook, libreoffice.

What are the specs of the machine this is running on?
How fast, how much memory? Pasting the top dozen lines
or so of top, when the machine is busy, could be useful.
Or when it's exhibiting its "problem".

> PID TTY  TIME CMD
> 1 ?00:00:02 systemd
[…]
>36 ?00:00:00 kcompactd0

I don't know what we're supposed to gather from this list, as you've
described no problem.

What do you mean by optimize? I'm guessing from the partition numbers
that this disk is MBR and has an "extended" partition on it. I've not
used those either for two decades. But there's probably no reason
worry about it until you're setting up its replacement one day.

> > > *Debian 4.19.160-2 (2020-11-28) x86_64 GNU/Linux*

Your kernel is not quite up to date:

$ uname -a
Linux axis 4.19.0-14-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.19.171-2 (2021-01-30) x86_64 
GNU/Linux
$ 

Cheers,
David.

Re: Is there an alternative filesystem hierarchy that could be adapted to Debian.

[Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z]

El jue, 11 mar 2021 a las 14:51, David Wright
() escribió:
> Take the case where partition E: contains the users' home
> directories for users foo and bar. Foo's video collection
> in E:/foo/Videos/ eventually grows so large that it has to
> be hived off onto a separate device, F: is assigned to it,
> and all of Foo's videos are moved there.
>
> Now, a file that Bar knew as E:/foo/Videos/cats.mp4, or
> even ../foo/Videos/cats.mp4, has the new path F:/cats.mp4.
>
> Here's how that works differently on unix filesystems:
>
> Old scheme:
>
> # mount /dev/sdc1 /home
>
> ~foo/Videos/cats.mp4 (or ../foo/Videos/cats.mp4).
>
> New scheme:
>
> # mount /dev/sdc1 /home
>
> on which /home/foo/Videos/ has been copied to device /dev/sdd1,
> and emptied.
>
> # mount /dev/sdd1 /home/foo/Videos
>
> Now the videos copied to /dev/sdd1 all appear in the same
> location as they did before, and all the file paths stay
> the same.

Thanks for your proposition, I didn't understand the usefulness of a
unified hierarchy
until you put that example.

Well, you still have to mount it, don't you?  We don't have to delete
the mount "feature"
nor the unified hierarchy, instead we could use both approaches.
Think of E: and F:
as sdc1 and sdd1, with direct access to those E: and F:. (Now that I'm
writing this,
I think we could use E1: and F1:, I find it useful too).  Then you
could write something like:

mount E1: /home
mount F1: /home/foo/Videos

The boot device could always be An: (with "n" being some number), so
the system could automatically do: "mount An: /" at boot.  If you
would prefer some
operating system interoperability, we could use Cn: instead of An:

At the end, you have the safe option to write /something/something_else
on the command line, or F1:/something/something_else at a GUI.

Please read the following.

El mié, 10 mar 2021 a las 18:25, Stefan Monnier
() escribió:
> > (...) To make it more clear, I think it's important to
> > give (as much as possible) human-chosen names to the disks (for that
> > reason I use LVM to partition my disks, where I can label my disks and
> > partitions, although those labels aren't always reflected in the mount
> > points, so they're not always visible in the actual names of the files
> > that reside in them).

El mié, 10 mar 2021 a las 19:28, Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z
() escribió:
> That would depend whether you would prefer sequentially
> labeled devices or named devices.  The better approach would be to use both 
> (...)

We can store names into devices' filesystems.  This way, we could use
e.g. :Foo:/foo/Videos/cats.mp4.  The system will assign it F1:, but then
it could read into the device's filesystem that it is called Foo, so the system
makes it available as :Foo:  If you plug the device into another PC,
it will still
be automatically called :Foo:

We could even use USBa1: or HDDb2:, although it looks a bit more complex,
it adds more information about the device as (I think, I don't
remember well) sda
or sdb do.

As you can see, we don't have to use some fixed existing approach,
everything could be possible, it's a matter of thinking about possibilities,
and pros and cons.

-- 
Time zone: GMT-4
Months: Ene = Jan ; Abr = Apr ; Ago = Aug ; Dic = Dec

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[David Wright]

On Thu 11 Mar 2021 at 14:49:51 (-0400), Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z wrote:
> El jue, 11 mar 2021 a las 14:30,  escribió:
> > I can live with that ;-)
> 
> El jue, 11 mar 2021 a las 14:30,  escribió:
> > Yes that works for me, but I can live with the Spanish, as well.
> 
> El jue, 11 mar 2021 a las 14:32 (GMT-4), David Wright
> () escribió:[1]
> > One small point: timezones are a great help in making the time relevant.
> > I agree on language, no bother. Hey, we've even had one person using the
> > French Revolutionary Calendar.
> 
> Are you talking about this [1].  I wish that Gmail had an option for
> this too, but I don't know
> if there is one, then I had to write it manually.  While at the PC it
> isn't so difficult,
> it becomes a problem when you write from a phone.

Well, I wouldn't sweat over it. When it's no effort, then it does help
to have the timezone, otherwise you can only rely on the date and the
minutes when searching back as someone described.

For myself, it's just a file with
 set attribution="On %{%a %d %b %Y} at %{%H:%M:%S (%z)}, %n wrote:"
in it, and I can forget about it. Unfortunately, not everybody has
it as easy.

> Does it work if I rather put this signature at the end of every message?
> 
> -- 
> Time zone: GMT-4
> Months: Ene = Jan ; Abr = Apr ; Ago = Aug ; Dic = Dec

No need for the months. People rarely post replies to such old messages.
As for inserting it manually, the disadvantage is that it's misleading
when it's wrong. For example, we change clocks in under a week, and it
would be easy to forget this instance of a "clock".

Cheers,
David.

Re: How i can optimize my operating system?

[William Torrez Corea]

S.ficheros bloques de 1K   Usados Disponibles Uso% Montado en
sysfs  00   0- /sys
proc   00   0- /proc
udev 19511200 1951120   0% /dev
devpts 00   0- /dev/pts
tmpfs 39440422496  371908   6% /run
/dev/sda1   23898960 17317344 5344576  77% /
securityfs 00   0- /sys/kernel/security
tmpfs197200492316 1879688   5% /dev/shm
tmpfs   512045116   1% /run/lock
tmpfs19720040 1972004   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
cgroup200   0-
/sys/fs/cgroup/unified
cgroup 00   0-
/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd
pstore 00   0- /sys/fs/pstore
bpf00   0- /sys/fs/bpf
cgroup 00   0-
/sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio
cgroup 00   0- /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio
cgroup 00   0-
/sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct
cgroup 00   0-
/sys/fs/cgroup/devices
cgroup 00   0- /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset
cgroup 00   0- /sys/fs/cgroup/pids
cgroup 00   0-
/sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event
cgroup 00   0-
/sys/fs/cgroup/freezer
cgroup 00   0- /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma
cgroup 00   0- /sys/fs/cgroup/memory
systemd-1  --   --
/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
mqueue 00   0- /dev/mqueue
hugetlbfs  00   0- /dev/hugepages
debugfs00   0- /sys/kernel/debug
/dev/sda7188826821568 1752732   2% /tmp
/dev/sda59545920  1849604 7191692  21% /var
/dev/sda8  147518348 5410749685847640  39% /home
binfmt_misc00   0-
/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
tmpfs 394400   20  394380   1% /run/user/1000
fusectl00   0-
/sys/fs/fuse/connections
/dev/fuse  00   0- /run/user/1000/doc

The problem occur when i execute different process at the same time. In
this case i execute the following program: firefox, facebook, libreoffice.

PID TTY  TIME CMD
1 ?00:00:02 systemd
2 ?00:00:00 kthreadd
3 ?00:00:00 rcu_gp
4 ?00:00:00 rcu_par_gp
6 ?00:00:00 kworker/0:0H-kblockd
8 ?00:00:00 mm_percpu_wq
9 ?00:00:00 ksoftirqd/0
   10 ?00:00:31 rcu_sched
   11 ?00:00:00 rcu_bh
   12 ?00:00:00 migration/0
   14 ?00:00:00 cpuhp/0
   15 ?00:00:00 cpuhp/1
   16 ?00:00:00 migration/1
   17 ?00:00:02 ksoftirqd/1
   19 ?00:00:00 kworker/1:0H-kblockd
   20 ?00:00:00 cpuhp/2
   21 ?00:00:00 migration/2
   22 ?00:00:00 ksoftirqd/2
   24 ?00:00:00 kworker/2:0H-kblockd
   25 ?00:00:00 cpuhp/3
   26 ?00:00:00 migration/3
   27 ?00:00:00 ksoftirqd/3
   29 ?00:00:00 kworker/3:0H-kblockd
   30 ?00:00:00 kdevtmpfs
   31 ?00:00:00 netns
   32 ?00:00:00 kauditd
   33 ?00:00:00 khungtaskd
   34 ?00:00:00 oom_reaper
   35 ?00:00:00 writeback
   36 ?00:00:00 kcompactd0

On Thu, Mar 11, 2021 at 12:59 PM Dan Ritter  wrote:

> William Torrez Corea wrote:
> > My hard drive use the following amount in space:
> >
> > udev 2.0G  0%
> > tmpfs 381M 6%
> > /dev/sda1 5.5G 77%
> > tmpfs  2.0G 2%
> > tmpfs 5.3M 1%
> > tmpfs 2.1G 0%
> > /dev/sda7 1.8G 2%
> > /dev/sda5 7.4G 21%
> > /dev/sda8 88G 39%
> > tmpfs 404M 1%
> >
>
> We don't know what's mounted in those places. Try showing us the
> full output of
>
> mount
>
> and then tell us with what you are having a problem.
>
> -dsr-
>


-- 

With kindest regards, William.

⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀
⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system
⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org
⠈⠳⣄

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[rhkramer]

On Thursday, March 11, 2021 01:49:51 PM Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z wrote:
> Does it work if I rather put this signature at the end of every message?
-- 
Time zone: GMT-4
Months: Ene = Jan ; Abr = Apr ; Ago = Aug ; Dic = Dec

Yes, especially the Time zone.  The months I can probably figure out.

Re: How i can optimize my operating system?

[Dan Ritter]

William Torrez Corea wrote: 
> My hard drive use the following amount in space:
> 
> udev 2.0G  0%
> tmpfs 381M 6%
> /dev/sda1 5.5G 77%
> tmpfs  2.0G 2%
> tmpfs 5.3M 1%
> tmpfs 2.1G 0%
> /dev/sda7 1.8G 2%
> /dev/sda5 7.4G 21%
> /dev/sda8 88G 39%
> tmpfs 404M 1%
> 

We don't know what's mounted in those places. Try showing us the
full output of 

mount

and then tell us with what you are having a problem.

-dsr-

How i can optimize my operating system?

[William Torrez Corea]

My hard drive use the following amount in space:

udev 2.0G  0%
tmpfs 381M 6%
/dev/sda1 5.5G 77%
tmpfs  2.0G 2%
tmpfs 5.3M 1%
tmpfs 2.1G 0%
/dev/sda7 1.8G 2%
/dev/sda5 7.4G 21%
/dev/sda8 88G 39%
tmpfs 404M 1%

Actually i upgraded my operating system to Debian 10.8 released.


*Debian 4.19.160-2 (2020-11-28) x86_64 GNU/Linux*
*xfce 4.12*

-- 

With kindest regards, William.

⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀
⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system
⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org
⠈⠳⣄

Re: Is there an alternative filesystem hierarchy that could be adapted to Debian.

[David Wright]

On Wed 10 Mar 2021 at 15:35:07 (-0400), Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z wrote:
> > It is more than looks.  In Unix filesystems disks/volumes/partitions are
> > "mounted" into the main file system at some arbitrary "mount point" and
> > thus the filesystem encompasses all mounted devices.  With DOS, all
> > lettered disks are independent, though resources can be referenced
> > across disks, it's not seamless.  Also, what happens when you get to
> > disk Z?
> 
> Yes I saw that too.  But I prefer not to further continue this debate to
> /dev or /mount.

Err, not so fast …

> I like to know at hand what file is on which disk.  Aside from that,
> if I made Windows, I would make it go to AA after Z, looks like a little
> solution.  Even though, it would not be bad to call them USB0: or HDD0:,
> just a bit more complex.
> 
> > Why should we use filesystem specifications that are constrained by the
> > limitations of CP/M running on 8 bit processors?
> 
> I never tried to say that we should use FAT or NTFS.  I was just talking
> about names.

No. You're not. You're talking about the filesystem structure,
the hierarchy, not just names.

Changing the names themselves is trivial. The name /usr exists
in one place, and you could rename it by typing, say,
# mv /usr /UlSteR
The *filesystem* is still happy—the OS would crash only because
nothing else calls usr that. Simple to change.

But device letters are different.

Take the case where partition E: contains the users' home
directories for users foo and bar. Foo's video collection
in E:/foo/Videos/ eventually grows so large that it has to
be hived off onto a separate device, F: is assigned to it,
and all of Foo's videos are moved there.

Now, a file that Bar knew as E:/foo/Videos/cats.mp4, or
even ../foo/Videos/cats.mp4, has the new path F:/cats.mp4.

Here's how that works differently on unix filesystems:

Old scheme:

# mount /dev/sdc1 /home

~foo/Videos/cats.mp4 (or ../foo/Videos/cats.mp4).

New scheme:

# mount /dev/sdc1 /home

on which /home/foo/Videos/ has been copied to device /dev/sdd1,
and emptied.

# mount /dev/sdd1 /home/foo/Videos

Now the videos copied to /dev/sdd1 all appear in the same
location as they did before, and all the file paths stay
the same.

So by closing down debate on /dev and /mount, you show that
you've missed the essence of unix's unified filesystem by
not seeing beyond mere names.

Cheers,
David.

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z]

El jue, 11 mar 2021 a las 14:30,  escribió:
> I can live with that ;-)

El jue, 11 mar 2021 a las 14:30,  escribió:
> Yes that works for me, but I can live with the Spanish, as well.

Thanks

El jue, 11 mar 2021 a las 14:32 (GMT-4), David Wright
() escribió:[1]
> One small point: timezones are a great help in making the time relevant.
> I agree on language, no bother. Hey, we've even had one person using the
> French Revolutionary Calendar.

Are you talking about this [1].  I wish that Gmail had an option for
this too, but I don't know
if there is one, then I had to write it manually.  While at the PC it
isn't so difficult,
it becomes a problem when you write from a phone.

Does it work if I rather put this signature at the end of every message?

-- 
Time zone: GMT-4
Months: Ene = Jan ; Abr = Apr ; Ago = Aug ; Dic = Dec

Re: Is there an alternative filesystem hierarchy that could be adapted to Debian.

[Greg Wooledge]

On Thu, Mar 11, 2021 at 12:35:44PM -0600, David Wright wrote:
> Thanks. So really the complaint is just that dpkg -S operates on the
> paths of files as packaged, whereas type -p yields canonical paths,
> I assume.

It'll search through the directories in PATH, in order, and use the
first one that contains the program.  That may or may not be the
"canonical" one, depending on how PATH is set.

The other half is that the packages themselves install programs in
their traditional FHS locations, not their UsrMerge locations.

unicorn:~$ dpkg -L coreutils | grep mkdir
/bin/mkdir
/usr/share/man/man1/mkdir.1.gz

On a non-merged system, the package system's location (/bin/mkdir) and
the PATH-searched location (/bin/mkdir) will match.  But on a merged
system, both /usr/bin/mkdir and /bin/mkdir are valid paths to the command.
If /usr/bin is first in PATH, then the PATH search will give /usr/bin/mkdir,
which won't match where the package system thinks the program is.

Re: Is there an alternative filesystem hierarchy that could be adapted to Debian.

[David Wright]

On Thu 11 Mar 2021 at 16:09:40 (+1100), David wrote:
> On Thu, 11 Mar 2021 at 14:52, David Wright  wrote:
> > On Wed 10 Mar 2021 at 17:45:48 (-0500), Stefan Monnier wrote:
> 
> > > dpkg -S =foo
> 
> > Sorry, but we're not all familiar with the construct "=foo"
> > as interpreted by zsh, oops, Zsh. Can you elaborate on what
> > dpkg itself is being fed by this command line. I searched
> > man dpkg   and   man dpkg-query   for = but that didn't help.
> 
> It appears to be a Zsh feature, nothing to do with dpkg.
> During procrastination, I found this [1]:
> '''
> The companion of `~' is `=', which again has to occur at the start
> of a word or assignment to be special. The remainder of the word
> (here the entire remainder, because directory paths aren't useful)
> is taken as the name of an external command, and the word is
> expanded to the complete path to that command, using $PATH
> just as if the command were to be executed:
> 
>   % print =ls
>   /bin/ls
> '''
> [1] http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Guide/zshguide03.html#l58
> 
> So the above dpkg command seems to be the equivalent of
>   dpkg -S $(type -p foo)
> in Bash.

Thanks. So really the complaint is just that dpkg -S operates on the
paths of files as packaged, whereas type -p yields canonical paths,
I assume. Interactively, I guess that's another reason I hadn't thought of
for piping   dpkg -S unadornedname | less   or using   apt-file find
likewise piped. As for scripts (other than personal ones), would people
write them to rely on this feature?

Cheers,
David.

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[David Wright]

On Thu 11 Mar 2021 at 17:42:48 (+), Tixy wrote:
> On Thu, 2021-03-11 at 13:25 -0400, Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z wrote:
> > 11 mar 2021 10:40,  wrote:[1]
> > > I would suggest that you leave the date and hour, also, please.  If
> > > I want to
> > > find the original email which might have more context, that is very
> > > helpful.
> > 
> > Let me see.  Does this [1] work for you?
> 
> Butting into this discussion...
> 
> I would suggest that the automatically inserted Spanish version is fine
> and shouldn't be edited. There comes a point where the inconvenience to
> the person sending the message outweighs the trivial benefits to the
> person receiving it.

One small point: timezones are a great help in making the time relevant.
I agree on language, no bother. Hey, we've even had one person using the
French Revolutionary Calendar.

Cheers,
David.

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[rhkramer]

On Thursday, March 11, 2021 12:25:08 PM Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z wrote:
> 11 mar 2021 10:40,  wrote:[1]
> 
> > I would suggest that you leave the date and hour, also, please.  If I
> > want to find the original email which might have more context, that is
> > very helpful.
> 
> Let me see.  Does this [1] work for you?

Yes that works for me, but I can live with the Spanish, as well.

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[rhkramer]

On Thursday, March 11, 2021 12:10:30 PM Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z wrote:
> On Thu, Mar 11 2021 at 10:40,  wrote:
> > I would suggest that you leave the date and hour, also, please.  If I
> > want to find the original email which might have more context, that is
> > very helpful.
> 
> I could try but it is more problematic for quick answers since I have
> the interface in Spanish, unless you don't mind reading:
> "El jue, 11 mar 2021 a las 10:40,  escribió:"

I can live with that ;-)

...
> 
> Thanks for pointing it out.  It will surely be helpful.

You're welcome!

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z]

El jue, 11 mar 2021 a las 13:31, The Wanderer () escribió:
> For myself, that wouldn't bother me at all. I've seen attribution lines
> in less-recognizable languages, and since all the key information is
> still there and can be parsed with reasonably minimal effort, it serves
> the purpose just fine.
>
> I'd certainly prefer attribution lines like that than a complete lack of
> attribution, or ones with less information, in any case.

 El jue, 11 mar 2021 a las 13:43, Tixy () escribió:
> I would suggest that the automatically inserted Spanish version is fine
> and shouldn't be edited. There comes a point where the inconvenience to
> the person sending the message outweighs the trivial benefits to the
> person receiving it.

Thanks.

Re: Network connection of a qemu guest.

[Reco]

Hi.

On Thu, Mar 11, 2021 at 07:25:30AM -0800, pe...@easthope.ca wrote:
> All the QEMU documentation I've found focusses on DHCP. Imagine the 
> guest system tries to set a static address and QEMU offers DHCP. Seems 
> unlikely to succeed.

DHCP is an option for a network configuration, not a requirement.
If you don't like guest OS to be configured by DHCP, you're welcome to
use /e/n/i snippet that I referenced in my previous e-mail.


> Should be a way to configure qemu to provide a 
> subnet to the guest on an interface with a static address.  (?)

Please clarify. Where exactly you need a static address to be
configured? At the guest OS's NIC? At the QEMU's emulated gateway?
Elsewhere?


> > Of course, as it's not a point-to-point connection. 
> 
> Yes, but a stanza in /etc/network/interfaces refers to an interface 
> name. The Debian 10 here for example, includes interface 
> enx0050b60be9be which is used for a subnet.  

Ok, but surely it's a little problem to replace "eth0" with
"enx", isn't it?


> To make a valid stanza for the qemu guest an interface name is 
> essential.

I agree.


> Either qemu must invent a name

It's definitely does not work this way. QEMU has no way to specify an
exact name for the guest OS.

> or the qemu configuration will have to specify it.

Nope. QEMU's job is to run unmodified guest OS, no more and no less.
Specific OS implementation details (such as NIC names) are left to the
specific OS to handle.


> Another detail I haven't found in the documentation.

QEMU's documentation is an unsuitable place to describe OS-specific
implementation details. Try [1], chapter 4, instead.

Reco

[1] https://wiki.debian.org/NetworkInterfaceNames

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[Tixy]

On Thu, 2021-03-11 at 13:25 -0400, Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z wrote:
> 11 mar 2021 10:40,  wrote:[1]
> > I would suggest that you leave the date and hour, also, please.  If
> > I want to
> > find the original email which might have more context, that is very
> > helpful.
> 
> Let me see.  Does this [1] work for you?

Butting into this discussion...

I would suggest that the automatically inserted Spanish version is fine
and shouldn't be edited. There comes a point where the inconvenience to
the person sending the message outweighs the trivial benefits to the
person receiving it.

-- 
Tixy

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[The Wanderer]

On 2021-03-11 at 12:10, Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z wrote:

> On Thu, Mar 11 2021 at 10:40,  wrote:
> 
>> I would suggest that you leave the date and hour, also, please.  If
>> I want to find the original email which might have more context,
>> that is very helpful.
> 
> I could try but it is more problematic for quick answers since I
> have the interface in Spanish, unless you don't mind reading:
> "El jue, 11 mar 2021 a las 10:40,  escribió:"

For myself, that wouldn't bother me at all. I've seen attribution lines
in less-recognizable languages, and since all the key information is
still there and can be parsed with reasonably minimal effort, it serves
the purpose just fine.

I'd certainly prefer attribution lines like that than a complete lack of
attribution, or ones with less information, in any case.

-- 
   The Wanderer

The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one
persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore all
progress depends on the unreasonable man. -- George Bernard Shaw



signature.asc
Description: OpenPGP digital signature

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z]

11 mar 2021 10:40,  wrote:[1]
> I would suggest that you leave the date and hour, also, please.  If I want to
> find the original email which might have more context, that is very helpful.

Let me see.  Does this [1] work for you?

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z]

On Thu, Mar 11 2021 at 10:40,  wrote:
> I would suggest that you leave the date and hour, also, please.  If I want to
> find the original email which might have more context, that is very helpful.

I could try but it is more problematic for quick answers since I have
the interface in Spanish, unless you don't mind reading:
"El jue, 11 mar 2021 a las 10:40,  escribió:"

> Aside: You (Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z) obviously know how (in the gmail browser
> client) to display the previous text which will be quoted, but for people that
> may not know:
>
> When you click reply in that gmail browser client, you don't see the previous
> text, but, near the bottom of the textbox (on the right side), there are three
> dots (bigger than a period) in an ellipse.  If you click on those, the
> previous text is displayed, and you can delete text or intermix your comments
> as desired.

Thanks for pointing it out.  It will surely be helpful.

Re: Is there an alternative filesystem hierarchy that could be adapted to Debian.

[Stefan Monnier]

> And oh, please: drop those whitespaces off file and directory names. This
> makes teaching shell scripting to newbies a really #@%*&$¡~ chore. Unless
> you want newbies to not learn scripting [1].

On the flip side, it teaches good practices, compared to the all too
common scripts using un-quoted $foo which vomits all over your system as
soon as it bumps into a file with a not-so-funny character in it.


Stefan

Re: Network connection of a qemu guest.

[peter]

Reco, 

Thanks for the reply.

> In this case QEMU uses built-in DHCP server to provide 10.0.2/24 network
> to the guest OS. If you need another network it should be changed in
> QEMU's commandline.

Thanks.  I'm trying to set a _static_ address for the guest.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_ip_address 
Ref. https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2021/03/msg00546.html

All the QEMU documentation I've found focusses on DHCP. Imagine the 
guest system tries to set a static address and QEMU offers DHCP. Seems 
unlikely to succeed.  Should be a way to configure qemu to provide a 
subnet to the guest on an interface with a static address.  (?)

> Of course, as it's not a point-to-point connection. 

Yes, but a stanza in /etc/network/interfaces refers to an interface 
name. The Debian 10 here for example, includes interface 
enx0050b60be9be which is used for a subnet.  

To make a valid stanza for the qemu guest an interface name is 
essential.  Either qemu must invent a name or the qemu configuration 
will have to specify it.  Another detail I haven't found in the 
documentation.

Thanks,... P.


-- 
cell: +1 236 464 1479Bcc: peter at easthope. ca
VoIP: +1 604 670 0140

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[rhkramer]

On Thursday, March 11, 2021 07:30:02 AM Brian wrote:
> On Thu 11 Mar 2021 at 07:59:27 -0400, Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z wrote:
> > Brian () wrote:
> > > Please would you not remove the attribution when you quote a mail?
> > 
> > Sure.  Like this?  Or should I leave the date and hour too?
> 
> Thanks; much better. Personally, I would add the date and hour,
> but that could be regarded as a matter of style.

I would suggest that you leave the date and hour, also, please.  If I want to 
find the original email which might have more context, that is very helpful.

Aside: You (Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z) obviously know how (in the gmail browser 
client) to display the previous text which will be quoted, but for people that 
may not know:

When you click reply in that gmail browser client, you don't see the previous 
text, but, near the bottom of the textbox (on the right side), there are three 
dots (bigger than a period) in an ellipse.  If you click on those, the 
previous text is displayed, and you can delete text or intermix your comments 
as desired.

Re: [1/2HS] Partition n°1 amorçable

[Stephane Ascoet]

Le 10/03/2021 à 18:49, ajh-valmer a écrit :

Comme d'habitude... il fait le meme coup a chaque fois...
je crois me souvenir que j'avais decidé de ne plus lui repondre...


Bonjour, apres recherche, ce n'etait peut-etre pas toi, donc excuses moi 
mais:


Je n'ai posé qu'une seule question au départ :
"à quoi sert une partition amorçable ?"
Et ensuite, j'ai pensé que la carte KVM pouvait ne pas lancer
le système à cause de la partition amorçable.

ne respecte presque rien de 
(rien 
que les 3.5, 3.8 et 3.10, si tu as la flemme de tout lire, ce qui serait 
dommage), donc oui, ca enerve un peu.

--
Cordialement, Stephane Ascoet

Re: Is there an alternative filesystem hierarchy that could be adapted to Debian.

[tomas]

On Thu, Mar 11, 2021 at 07:48:14AM -0500, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> On Thu, Mar 11, 2021 at 10:24:25AM +0100, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:
> > And oh, please: drop those whitespaces off file and directory names. This
> > makes teaching shell scripting to newbies a really #@%*&$¡~ chore. Unless
> > you want newbies to not learn scripting [1].
> > 
> > Cheers
> > 
> > [1] The generic "you". You (this time the personal) are the last person
> >I would suspect of this!
> 
> On the other hand, newbies who fail to learn proper shell scripting
> practices go on to write terrible, horrible, bug-ridden shell scripts
> that get installed on your[1] computer, and then break.

You're right, and then...

I wasn't proposing to ignore the problems with those whitespaces.
Rather to just push the steep part of the ramp a bit further down
the learning path.

I still do one-off scripts without getting every nook and cranny
of quoting right. When I rework scripts for possible consumption
by others, I put much more attention in it.

> The notion that "all filenames are alphanumeric plus dots, and maybe
> dashes or underscores if you're a rebel" leads to scripts that break
> when given the more typical messy filenames that one encounters in
> real life.  Sure, it's easy to write those scripts, but they're not
> correct.  They're ticking bombs.

Definitely. And pages like yours do an invaluable job in helping
people to refine those skills.

But I insist: taking everything into account when starting shell
programming can build up to be an insurmountable wall. Perhaps
I'm wrong, though.

Cheers
 - t


signature.asc
Description: Digital signature

Re: Could KDE work adequately on a PC with 4 GB of RAM and an Intel Core 2 Duo processor @ 2.33 GHz?

[songbird]

Marco Möller wrote:
> On 10.03.21 19:28, Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z wrote:
> (...)
>> I don't think there is a Debian DVD iso I can use to install Debian 
>> Bullseye.
>> I think I'll have to install Buster and then switch to Bullseye.
>> Is there a better option?
>
> To my knowledge, there is a Bulleye installer available here:
> https://www.debian.org/devel/debian-installer/
> It is still a test version, but you have good chances that it will work 
> just fine. As described before, "testing" in Debian does not mean 
> "unstable". With some bad luck for you, you might find a bug in it. If 
> you could then report it, then luck for the Debian community because 
> someone found it and it can be corrected for pushing the installer a 
> step forward to soon become "stable".

  for the record, the daily images worked fine for me the other
day as i wanted to be sure the recent daily netinst image
would boot and get as far as partitioning on this new motherboard.
all that went ok.  i did not actually do any further installation
with it though because i have to do some resizing and moving of
partitions to set up a free spot to do a new install and i'm not
sure i really want to do that yet.  mainly i just wanted to make
sure i had a recent rescue image that would boot just in case my
future poking at UEFI things on this machine turns it into non-
functional.


  songbird

Re: Hardware requirements between Debian 9 and 10

[songbird]

Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z wrote:
>> Your message to which I am replying contains no HTML.
>>
>> Likewise the previous one, which is why I wrote "Thank you. That works."
>
> Ok.  Thank you too.  Have a good day.

  thank you both.  makes it much easier to read to not have
extra included at the bottom.  :)


  songbird

Re: Is there an alternative filesystem hierarchy that could be adapted to Debian.

[Greg Wooledge]

On Thu, Mar 11, 2021 at 10:24:25AM +0100, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:
> And oh, please: drop those whitespaces off file and directory names. This
> makes teaching shell scripting to newbies a really #@%*&$¡~ chore. Unless
> you want newbies to not learn scripting [1].
> 
> Cheers
> 
> [1] The generic "you". You (this time the personal) are the last person
>I would suspect of this!

On the other hand, newbies who fail to learn proper shell scripting
practices go on to write terrible, horrible, bug-ridden shell scripts
that get installed on your[1] computer, and then break.

The notion that "all filenames are alphanumeric plus dots, and maybe
dashes or underscores if you're a rebel" leads to scripts that break
when given the more typical messy filenames that one encounters in
real life.  Sure, it's easy to write those scripts, but they're not
correct.  They're ticking bombs.

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[Brian]

On Thu 11 Mar 2021 at 07:59:27 -0400, Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z wrote:

> Brian () wrote:
> > Please would you not remove the attribution when you quote a mail?
> 
> Sure.  Like this?  Or should I leave the date and hour too?

Thanks; much better. Personally, I would add the date and hour,
but that could be regarded as a matter of style.

-- 
Brian.

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z]

Brian () wrote:
> Please would you not remove the attribution when you quote a mail?

Sure.  Like this?  Or should I leave the date and hour too?

Re: [1/2HS] Partition n°1 amorçable

[ajh-valmer]

On Thursday 11 March 2021 D. Caillibaud wrote:
> Le 10/03/21 à 18:49, "ajh-valmer"  a écrit :
> > je conseille à ceux qui ont besoin d'une connexion 
> > sur un ordinateur distant, d'avoir une carte KVM,

> La plupart des hébergeurs proposent maintenant du kvm sur ip, 
> ça permet d'avoir accès à la console de la machine depuis un 
> navigateur ou un terminal ssh (dès là mise sous tension, 
> avant boot, ça permet d'aller modifier le bios puis de voir 
> tous les messages du boot). 

Ce n'est pas vraiment un terminal SSH, mais une fenêtre
qui permet d'administrer à la fois le hardware du serveur,
et le software (càd le système) après login et mot de passe.

De mon côté, depuis un upgrade de Debian, la fenêtre
s'ouvre bien, on peut administrer le hardware via un menu
accessible par le pointeur de la souris,
mais pas le software (écran + clavier bloqués).
Si je reboote avec la version Debian non ugpradée,
tout refonctionne.
Je vois pas ce qui empêche la console KVM de contacter
le système ?

Re: Is there an alternative filesystem hierarchy that could be adapted to Debian.

[Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z]

> If that type of mark is possible in your environment, then no, this
> shouldn't break anything.
>
> However, as far as I'm aware, there is no non-file-manager-specific
> "hidden" attribute for an *nix filesystem. The traditional way to make
> most *nix programs treat a file as hidden is to rename the file so that
> it starts with a '.' character - and renaming any of these directories
> would, of course, bring back in the "existing programs can't find what
> they expect" problem.
>
> The need to introduce, or take advantage of, a file-manager-specific
> "hidden" attribute is exactly the reason why I think a specialized file
> manager for the purpose would probably be needed.

Oh, I see, that makes sense.  Thanks for your help.

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[Brian]

On Thu 11 Mar 2021 at 07:11:52 -0400, Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z wrote:

> > Hint: you are already doing that, Gmail just hides the quotes for you.
> 
> I do not always let the whole quote there,
> as in this message, for example.  I did it
> at the start of the thread only to give some context.
> 
> Thanks for the hint, though.  Gmail does hide
> the quotes, no matter how long they are.

Please would you not remove the attribution when you quote a mail?

-- 
Brian.

Re: Using Gmail on Debian mailing lists

[Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z]

> Hint: you are already doing that, Gmail just hides the quotes for you.

I do not always let the whole quote there,
as in this message, for example.  I did it
at the start of the thread only to give some context.

Thanks for the hint, though.  Gmail does hide
the quotes, no matter how long they are.

Re: Is there an alternative filesystem hierarchy that could be adapted to Debian.

[Dan Ritter]

Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z wrote: 
> > > I like to know at hand what file is on which disk.
> >
> > That used to work for A: vs C: back in the days of floppys, but what
> > part of "E:" tells you which disk it is?  At best you get to assume that
> > E: and D: are different disks, but the names don't tell you which is
> which.
> >
> > > Even though, it would not be bad to call them USB0: or HDD0:,
> > > just a bit more complex.
> >
> > That's better, indeed.  But the "0" still makes it unclear (which disk
> > is 0 and which is 1?).  To make it more clear, I think it's important to
> > give (as much as possible) human-chosen names to the disks (for that
> > reason I use LVM to partition my disks, where I can label my disks and
> > partitions, although those labels aren't always reflected in the mount
> > points, so they're not always visible in the actual names of the files
> > that reside in them).
> 
> That would depend whether you would prefer sequentially
> labeled devices or named devices.  The better approach would be to use both,
> so the computer could give a name to a recently plugged device
> without asking you for one or even before you can try to give it one.

You can give a filesystem a label, and then it is visible in
/dev/disk/by-label
after it is mounted.

Labels are not guaranteed to be unique, though, so it's possible
for you to label two USB sticks as "Project Data" and then get
confused.

Filesystems get Universally Unique Identifiers (UUIDs) as seen:
/dev/disk/by-uuid

But UUIDs are terrible for humans to remember, and while they
are probably unique, it's possible to copy them and thus make
them non-unique.

You can also reference disks by their serial numbers, which
really should be unique but are beyond your control, or by their
place in your hardware architecture, which is only reliable
until something changes.

-dsr-

Re: Is there an alternative filesystem hierarchy that could be adapted to Debian.

[The Wanderer]

On 2021-03-10 at 21:22, Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z wrote:

>> I don't see why that would come up in this case.
>> 
>> In the model I described, the original paths which you found
>> confusing are all still there, and anything which wants to find
>> things under them can continue to use them.
>> 
>> All this model does is give those paths an additional name each,
>> and maybe go out of its way to hide the original names from you.
>> Just because there are new names, and you can't see the old ones
>> when you use one specific way of looking, doesn't mean that they
>> aren't there or that other things can't see them.
> 
> Oh, now I understand what you mean, instead of doing it like the
> merge of /usr, you would make the new paths and not the old ones to
> be symbolic links.  Yes, it should not break anything.  Thanks.
> 
> I have one question, does it work without breaking anything if I mark
> the old directories with a hidden atribute instead of some file
> manager specific configuration?

If that type of mark is possible in your environment, then no, this
shouldn't break anything.

However, as far as I'm aware, there is no non-file-manager-specific
"hidden" attribute for an *nix filesystem. The traditional way to make
most *nix programs treat a file as hidden is to rename the file so that
it starts with a '.' character - and renaming any of these directories
would, of course, bring back in the "existing programs can't find what
they expect" problem.

The need to introduce, or take advantage of, a file-manager-specific
"hidden" attribute is exactly the reason why I think a specialized file
manager for the purpose would probably be needed.

-- 
   The Wanderer

The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one
persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore all
progress depends on the unreasonable man. -- George Bernard Shaw



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Re: Is there an alternative filesystem hierarchy that could be adapted to Debian.

[Dan Ritter]

to...@tuxteam.de wrote: 
> 
> To whomever tries that approach, my advice would be to have a long look
> at all the botches common destop environments managed to do while trying
> to internationalise directories beneath a user's home.
> 
> I mean: those things like "Desktop", which, if you do a German installation
> are "Schreibtisch". And those aren't "standard Unix" directories, that means
> that little software knows them, ergo they had the chance to start off a
> relatively clean slate.

The XDG conventions are a good thing to look at.

https://wiki.debian.org/XDGBaseDirectorySpecification

The wonderful thing about standards is that there are so many to
choose from!

-dsr-

Re: Finding related package for bug report regarding display output

[IL Ka]

>
>
> > since 26th of February I have problems with the DisplayPort outputs
> > of my Lenovo ThinkPad T470p. If I use the notebooks output I can get
> > one external monitor to function but daisy chaining does not work. If
> > I use the output of the docking station, the external monitors do not
> > work at all.
>

It could be driver error, Xorg error or misconfiguration.
I'd start with checking "$ xrandr" output.



> >
> > At boot, betwenen GRUB and disk encryption, there is a error message
> > that reads relevant:
> >
> >  [drm:drm_dp_send_link_address [drm_kms_helper]] *ERROR* Sending
> > link address failed with -5
>
> Sounds like a video driver issue. It may be related to your problem or not.
If you are using Intel video, then drivers are part of the kernel.
And for Nvidia there is a separate package (AFAIK)

Re: Is there an alternative filesystem hierarchy that could be adapted to Debian.

[tomas]

On Wed, Mar 10, 2021 at 07:03:00PM -0500, The Wanderer wrote:

[...]

> Well, if all you want is to be able to have more "newbie-friendly"
> descriptive names of the directories, it might be possible to achieve
> something like that by the simple addition of a collection of symlinks;
> just symlink e.g. "/Configuration" to '/etc', '/Programs' to '/bin',
> "/System Programs" to '/sbin', '/User Files' to '/home', et cetera.

To whomever tries that approach, my advice would be to have a long look
at all the botches common destop environments managed to do while trying
to internationalise directories beneath a user's home.

I mean: those things like "Desktop", which, if you do a German installation
are "Schreibtisch". And those aren't "standard Unix" directories, that means
that little software knows them, ergo they had the chance to start off a
relatively clean slate.

And oh, please: drop those whitespaces off file and directory names. This
makes teaching shell scripting to newbies a really #@%*&$¡~ chore. Unless
you want newbies to not learn scripting [1].

Cheers

[1] The generic "you". You (this time the personal) are the last person
   I would suspect of this!

 - t


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Re: Engegada aleatòria

[Alex Muntada]

Hola Antoni

> Moltes BIOS modernes (i no tan modernes) permeten actualitzar
> des de usb storage o xarxa.
> 
> Així no depens de software no provat el propi fabricant, que
> sempre dona un punt de tranquilitat.

Potser no te n'has adonat però la iniciativa del fwupd.org està
impulsada precisament pels fabricants i les actualitzacions que
hi publiquen estan certificades per al seu maquinari.

Jo trobo molt més fàcil instal·lar una actualització de la BIOS
quan t'avisa l'escriptori que la tens disponible, que no pas
buscar la BIOS per al meu maquinari, mirar la que ja tinc,
descarregar-ho, escriure-ho en un USB i creuar els dits perquè
m'hagi descarregat el que toca i tot rutlli bé.

Salut,
Alex

--
  ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀
  ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁   Alex Muntada 
  ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋   Debian Developer  log.alexm.org
  ⠈⠳⣄



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Re: Is there an alternative filesystem hierarchy that could be adapted to Debian.

[tomas]

On Wed, Mar 10, 2021 at 02:01:29PM -0400, Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z wrote:
> > I think all these shortened names derive from a time when computing
> > resources were limited. If you're using an 80x25 terminal over at 50
> > bits per second to a time-shared mainframe, it's more comfortable to
> > type "/usr" than it is to type "/Programs". Easier to type "cp" than to
> > type "copy", and so on. It's all fairly arbitrary. Why C:\? Why not
> > System:\? Convention and history and inertia.
> > >
> > > Cheers
> > >
> > > [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usr
> > >
> > >  - t
> 
> But why do we have to use a system designed for such old computers
> when the now old computers are much more capable than that.

You are still using the (human) language(s) you learnt when you
were a kid. Granted, that language(s) evolved a bit in the meantime,
but not so quicly as to prevent them from doing their job: allow
communication between humans.

A file system layout (like a kernel call interface, or a hardware
architecture design) fulfill a similar role: since there's no
way (well, nearly no way) one could build such complex things all
alone -- on the contrary, you need a pretty big community, to
achieve that [1], you need a set of conventions and rituals to
gather around. Once the communities grow large, those conventions
move more slowly.

In a nutshell:

Complex system development (be it buildings, math or software)
is an inherently social activity, and need common languages, which
tend to evolve, but according to a "time constant" in the order
of a human life.

> I think it needs a redesign.

Go ahead. Perhaps you want to read first about strange beasts
which roamed the earth before the idea of a hierarchical file
system established itself, e.g. [2].

> By the way, C:\ looks fine since it is just a letter succession mechanism
> for labeling storage devices: C, D, E... it is like: usb0, usb1, usb2...

To me it looks weird, but hey. Putting everything in one tree
and having special places (/dev, /proc...) for special things.

And, oh, on my box it isn't just "usb0" without any context, but
something like "/dev/bus/usb/001/001" (or then, perhaps, also
"/dev/sdb", depending on how many layers of software you put in
front of it ;-)

Only "eth0" is special and weird. Who said our systems have no
warts? Look at Plan9 [3] to see what other smart folks have
attempted to do (heck, there, even GUI windows have a place
in the file system. You "rm" that file, and pop goes the window).

Enjoy

[1] Have a look at Linux kernel development statistics to get
   a feeling about the orders of magnitude involved, e.g. in
   https://lwn.net/Articles/834085/
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVS#MVS_filesystem
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_9_from_Bell_Labs

 - t


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Re: Finding related package for bug report regarding display output

[Joe]

On Thu, 11 Mar 2021 08:19:50 +0100
Max Görner  wrote:

> Hello,
> 
> since 26th of February I have problems with the DisplayPort outputs
> of my Lenovo ThinkPad T470p. If I use the notebooks output I can get
> one external monitor to function but daisy chaining does not work. If
> I use the output of the docking station, the external monitors do not
> work at all.
> 
> At boot, betwenen GRUB and disk encryption, there is a error message
> that reads relevant: 
> 
>  [drm:drm_dp_send_link_address [drm_kms_helper]] *ERROR* Sending
> link address failed with -5
> 
> 
> I wanted to file a bug but were discouraged because one should name
> the related package. Those who do not know the related package shall
> reach out to the mailing list.
> 
> So here am I. Could you please help me to find out which package is
> affected so I can then file a proper bug report?
> 

Generally it works if you just make your best guess, and the bug
fixers will move it to the correct one. 

We mortals don't really know which package is the source of a bug,
just which package it affects, so even if the package responsible
appears to be obvious, it still often won't be the right one. The
package in which you see the effects of the bug is usually a good
start. 

It's more important that you can add details of variation of the
bug e.g. 'it doesn't happen if I start the program by typing the program
name in a terminal but I do see this warning:'. If you can use gdb and
generate a backtrace, it's better still.

-- 
Joe

Re: Booting is frozen on GDM Firmware problem

[arnuld]

I used these ISOs to install:

https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/non-free/cd-including-firmware/current/amd64/bt-dvd/
https://cdimage.debian.org/images/unofficial/non-free/images-including-firmware/bullseye_di_alpha3+nonfree/amd64/iso-cd/
https://cdimage.debian.org/images/unofficial/non-free/images-including-firmware/weekly-live-builds/amd64/iso-hybrid/

3rd ISO failed - installer failed to create a partition on the disk. This
is my laptop:

https://www.acer.com/datasheets/2018/4876/AN515-42/NH.Q3RSI.006.html

-- 
Regards,
ARNULD
https://medium.com/@ArnuldOnData
https://www.linkedin.com/in/arnuld-on-data/

Re: [1/2HS] Partition n°1 amorçable

[Daniel Caillibaud]

Le 10/03/21 à 18:49, "ajh-valmer"  a écrit :
> je conseille à ceux qui ont besoin d'une connexion 
> sur un ordinateur distant, d'avoir une carte KVM,

La plupart des hébergeurs proposent maintenant du kvm sur ip, ça permet d'avoir 
accès à la
console de la machine depuis un navigateur ou un terminal ssh (dès là mise sous 
tension, avant
boot, ça permet d'aller modifier le bios puis de voir tous les messages du 
boot).


-- 
Daniel

(écrit dans le livre d'or de plusieurs restaurants parisiens)
Je m'ai bien régaler. signe: Marguerite Duras
Pierre Desproges.

Re: Is there an alternative filesystem hierarchy that could be adapted to Debian.

[tomas]

On Wed, Mar 10, 2021 at 07:35:58PM -0400, Cmdte Alpha Tigre Z wrote:
> > Here's one source of breakage I encountered a few times because of this

[good example of collateral damage from usrmerge]

> Yes, before every possible bug derived from that change is corrected,
> you could use some sort path translation program
> that takes paths from the caller program and translates it
> to some path the called program can understand.

Fighting complexity with complexity. Thar sounds like a recipe
for an exponential runaway. What could possibly go wrong ;-)

> Just thinking.

Just musing :)

Cheers
 - t


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Re: Plasma can be a lightweight

[Felix Miata]

Felix Miata composed on 2021-03-10 06:23 (UTC-0500):

>> Here's a simple look at RAM before and after first launching IceWM, then
>> rebooting, then a freshly installed Plasma session on an old single core PC 
>> that
>> had had only KDE3 and IceWM on TW.

>> # inxi -CGIMy
>> Machine:
>>   Type: Desktop System: Dell product: OptiPlex GX280 v: N/A serial: 20HRT71
>>   Mobo: Dell model: N/A serial: .. . BIOS: Dell v: A07 date: 11/29/2005
>> CPU:
>>   Info: Single Core model: Intel Pentium 4 bits: 32 type: MCP L2 cache: 1024 
>> KiB
>>   Speed: 2793 MHz min/max: N/A Core speed (MHz): 1: 2793
>> Graphics:
>>   Device-1: Intel 82915G/GV/910GL Integrated Graphics driver: i915 v: kernel
>>   Display: x11 server: X.Org 1.20.10 driver: loaded: intel
>>   unloaded: fbdev,modesetting,vesa resolution: 1680x1050~60Hz
>>   OpenGL: renderer: Mesa DRI Intel 915G x86/MMX/SSE2 v: 1.4 Mesa 20.3.4
>> Info:...Shell: Bash inxi: 3.3.01

>> # free   # before launching startx into IceWM
>>totalusedfree  shared  buff/cache   
>> available
>> Mem: 1525408   51264 13135801552  160564 
>> 1293900
>> Swap:1036156   0 1036156
>> # free   # after launching startx into IceWM and Xterm
>>totalusedfree  shared  buff/cache   
>> available
>> Mem: 1525408   71732 1213716   14980  239960 
>> 1259048
>> Swap:1036156   0 1036156
>> 20468 used by IceWM
>> # inxi -Sy
>> System:
>>   Host: gx28b Kernel: 5.7.11-1-default i686 bits: 32
>>   Desktop: IceWM 2.1.1 Distro: openSUSE Tumbleweed 20210307

>> I rebooted before launching Plasma and Konsole on the same PC:
>> # free   # before launching startx into virgin Plasma 
>> installation
>>totalusedfree  shared  buff/cache   
>> available
>> Mem: 1525568   51536 13056328444  168400 
>> 1286812
>> Swap:1036156   0 1036156
>> # free   # after launching startx into virgin Plasma installation
>>totalusedfree  shared  buff/cache   
>> available
>> Mem: 1525568  188264  899976   51360  437328 
>> 1103940
>> Swap:1036156   0 1036156
>>136728
>> # inxi -Sy
>> System:
>>   Host: gx28b Kernel: 5.7.11-1-default i686 bits: 32
>>   Desktop: KDE Plasma 5.21.1 Distro: openSUSE Tumbleweed 20210307

>> No, it's not Debian. I never put Plasma on my Debians, which all use TDE. 
>> This was
>> a freshly updated Tumbleweed, so the Plasma version is fresh. There's no 
>> XFCE on
>> it. It won't be added either, as there's nothing about it I like better than 
>> KDE3,
>> TDE or Plasma, and the disk has no room for more additions, worthwhile or
>> otherwise. Thus, the difference between XFCE and Plasma or IceWM will need a
>> different PC.

>> The point is, Plasma can be rather lean, using only 116260 more than IceWM 
>> to get
>> a basic session started.

> The following isn't directly comparable to the above, as the Plasma 
> installation
> and user are anything but fresh. However, it is a minimal, and started up in 
> same
> manner, just on 64 bits instead of 32, and the same Plasma version on the 
> same OS
> release, with 270996 instead of 136728 used to start a session:

> # fresh boot to multi-user before startx into Plasma & Konsole
>totalusedfree  shared  buff/cache   
> available
> Mem: 3934880   92840 36121649912  229876 
> 3601836
> Swap:4200428   0 4200428
> # after startx into Plasma & Konsole
>totalusedfree  shared  buff/cache   
> available
> Mem: 3934880  363836 3040312   75688  530732 
> 3250656
> Swap:4200428   0 4200428
> 270996 used by Plasma & Konsole
> # inxi -CGIMSy
> System:
>   Host: gx745 Kernel: 5.10.16-1-default x86_64 bits: 64
>   Desktop: KDE Plasma 5.21.1 Distro: openSUSE Tumbleweed 20210307
> Machine:
>   Type: Desktop System: Dell product: OptiPlex 745 v: N/A serial: 901DSC1
>   Mobo: Dell model: 0GX297 serial: ..CN6986173Q1835. BIOS: Dell v: 2.6.2
>   date: 08/12/2008
> CPU:
>   Info: Dual Core model: Intel Core2 6700 bits: 64 type: MCP L2 cache: 4 MiB
>   Speed: 1715 MHz min/max: N/A Core speeds (MHz): 1: 1715 2: 2105
> Graphics:
>   Device-1: Intel 82Q963/Q965 Integrated Graphics driver: i915 v: kernel
>   Display: x11 server: X.Org 1.20.10 driver: loaded: modesetting
>   unloaded: fbdev,vesa resolution: 1920x1200~60Hz
>   OpenGL: renderer: Mesa DRI Intel 965Q (BW) v: 2.1 Mesa 20.3.4
> Info:...Shell: Bash inxi: 3.3.01

> This CPU is one year older than the thread OP's Conroe 2.33GHz E6550,
> a Conroe 2.67GHz E6700.

> Another difference I expected was that though