Re: regarding No SOUND

[deloptes]

Maureen L Thomas wrote:

> I misstated the version I am using.  I am using 10.6, Buster, 64 bit.  I
> have tried a few things that I am aware of and am looking for help.

there is profound documentation regarding sound on arch linux (see below), I
can recommend, but 90% of the issues are solved if you open alsamixer for
the hardware and check if all is unmuted.
Then open pulseaudio and check your settings.

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture

-- 
FCD6 3719 0FFB F1BF 38EA 4727 5348 5F1F DCFE BCB0

Re: cups problems in bullseye

[Andy Smith]

Hi Gene,

On Wed, Dec 15, 2021 at 06:58:34AM -0500, gene heskett wrote:
> I only made the apple comment after receiving bounce msgs 
> 3 times from attempting to post to @cups.org.

I've already asked once that you show us the exact text of those
bounces, so that we might determine where the problem lies.

> Doing to the site that originated the bounce msgs, and finding
> that the cups mailing list was not listed there,

I've already pointed out that the cups list does still appear to be
mentioned here:

https://lists.cups.org/mailman/listinfo/cups

and that it last had traffic back in November, which doesn't seem
to be an unusual state of affairs for that list. You did confirm
that this was the list you meant.

So, its web interface and archives still exist. Whether it still
accepts email we do not know.

> the fact that the lists going away had been announced on 
> that list months ago,

Do you recall which month? Perhaps you could find that announcement
in the archives?

https://lists.cups.org/pipermail/cups/

I had a quick glance and couldn't find it, but might have missed it.
I did some web searches but only get hits from this thread!
It would definitely help to know what has been announced.

> I posted the only theory I had left.

While you obviously could be correct in your claim that the cups
list at lists.cups.org has been decommissioned, you haven't actually
given us any way to verify that, and it's not for wont of asking.

> If there actually still is a cups list, lay it on me. But it
> hasn't been yet.

A strange assertion since you did already tell me that you were
talking about c...@cups.org and that you had now attempted to (re-?)
subscribe to it. Doesn't that make it your turn to clarify?

Thanks,
Andy

-- 
https://bitfolk.com/ -- No-nonsense VPS hosting

regarding No SOUND

[Maureen L Thomas]

I misstated the version I am using.  I am using 10.6, Buster, 64 bit.  I 
have tried a few things that I am aware of and am looking for help.


Maureen

Re: Reasonably simple setup for 1TB HDD and 250GB M.2 NVMe SSD

[Andy Smith]

Hi Jorge,

On Wed, Dec 15, 2021 at 11:39:59AM -0300, Jorge P. de Morais Neto wrote:
> I intend to use Btrfs.  This means if I later decide to use some of the
> unpartitioned space, I can easily and efficiently add it to the main
> Btrfs file system without directly using LVM (since Btrfs actually
> includes logical volume management), right?

Sure. You can make a smaller partition as your btrfs, make
sub-volumes out of that and when it comes time to expand you can
simply extend the end of the partition and tell btrfs to grow into
it.

Cheers,
Andy

-- 
https://bitfolk.com/ -- No-nonsense VPS hosting

Re: strange problem with usb wifi adapter

[Long Wind]

i've been able to find out why official debian installer needn't non-freeware, 
thanks for David's explanation
  
run linux and set up my adapter with non-free mt7601u.bin
then reboot to start debian installer
this time installer can use my adapter without non-free firmware 
firmware loaded can survive reboot, as David explains

Re: xmodmap settings lost when (usb) keyboard reattached.

[John Crawley]

On 16/12/2021 01:53, Tim Woodall wrote:

I run the following command to switch my caps-lock to escape:
xmodmap -e 'clear Lock' -e 'keycode 0x42 = Escape'

However, if I disconnect and reconnect my keyboard (I have a KVM switch
box so this happens quite a lot) the setting is lost.

Before I start writing udev rules to auto reapply this setting when the
keyboard is (re)attached, is there some other, better, way to make this
setting stick?


I don't know if it's better, but there's a simple thing you can try first:

I used to run

setxkbmap -option compose:caps

in my startup script to map the Capslock key to a Compose key. But this would 
unpredictably drop out.

Now, in /etc/default/keyboard

XKBOPTIONS="compose:caps"

keeps the mapping reliably applied. Maybe there's a similar setting you could 
try?

--
John

Re: strange problem with usb wifi adapter

[Long Wind]

Curt, i have some good news, i try buster and bullseye *netinst.iso today, both 
ask me for  mt7601u.bin

it's not easy for me to explain why they don't last time

maybe installer find firmware somewhere in my PC
(i have installed linux before)
but why they don't install firmware to my target device?
maybe firmware happen to be in partition where debian 10/11 are to be installed

but installer has other bugs, it can't detect my netgear adapter though kernel 
support it, it can't proceed just because it's on 1st device.

i think i've been very unproductive bothering with these issues

all of a sudden I have no sound

[Maureen L Thomas]

I was on the computer and stopped to eat dinner and the puter went into 
black screen as it always does if left unattended.  It would not wake up 
so I changed the batteries in my keyboard and it still would not wake 
up.  So I turned it off with the switch and then back on.  Once it was 
on it worked fine until I tried to play a you tube and found I had no 
sound at all.  I checked the sound icon on the top right of the screen 
and it was set where I always have it.  I went to the sound thing to 
check that I have sound and as I tested both speakers I heard nothing.  
The computer seemed to think that was fine with a smiley face.


I am on a Lenova all in one computer with Debian 9.  I have not needed 
any upgrades lately so that is not the problem as my system is kept up 
to date with all software.


Any help would be greatly appreciated.

Maureen

Re: how to set fixed virtual-ethernet MAC address in VM while still doing DHCP?

[Dan Ritter]

Jonathan Thornburg wrote: 
> I have a virtual machine (VM) running Debian 10.10.0 ("Buster") x86-64,
> running in an OpenBSD 7.0 host (using the OpenBSD 'vmm' VM monitor).

... 

> So, my question is, how can I set a fixed virtual-ethernet MAC address
> in Debian and still have the system use DHCP for IPv4 network configuration?

OpenBSD's VM infrastructure owns the virtual hardware.

vm "tux" {
enable
memory 97G
owner jthorn
disk "/var/vmm/tux.qcow2" format qcow2
interface tap {
switch "uplink_veb420"
lladdr fe:ee:bb:d1:c8:01
}
}

In your interface config for the VM, set the lladdr.

-dsr-

how to set fixed virtual-ethernet MAC address in VM while still doing DHCP?

[Jonathan Thornburg]

I have a virtual machine (VM) running Debian 10.10.0 ("Buster") x86-64,
running in an OpenBSD 7.0 host (using the OpenBSD 'vmm' VM monitor).
The Debian VM's (IPv4) network connectivity to the host (which is configured
to forward selected network traffic to/from the outside world as appropriate)
is configured via the VM's /etc/network/interfaces:

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
allow-hotplug enp0s2
iface enp0s2 inet dhcp

This works fine: the VM has a (virtual) network interface enp0s2 whose
IP address is assigned by the host via DHCP.  (The host OpenBSD vmm provides
a DHCP server for this purpose, and the hosts's networking configuration
uses the DHCP-assigned IP addresses to keep track of different VMs.)
The resulting network configuration is this:

tux# ifconfig enp0s2
enp0s2: flags=4163  mtu 1500
inet 100.64.2.3  netmask 255.255.255.254  broadcast 100.64.2.3
inet6 fe80::fce1:bbff:fed1:5246  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
ether fe:e1:bb:d1:52:46  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
RX packets 2  bytes 684 (684.0 B)
RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
TX packets 9  bytes 1292 (1.2 KiB)
TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

tux#

(As is evident from the ifconfig output, there is also an IPv6 address
assigned to the interface, but I'm not using IPv6 here.)

My problem is that by default, Debian randomizes the (virtual) ethernet
MAC address of enp0s2 each time I reboot the virtual machine, and this
breaks the license manager for some commercial site-licensed software
(Maple) I'm running in the virtual machine.

So, I'd like to disable Debian's virtual-ethernet MAC address randomization
and set a fixed virtual-ethernet MAC address for enp0s2, while still using
DHCP to configure Debian's IPv4 networking.  (I emphasize that the fixed
ethernet MAC address I want to set is that of the Debian enp0s2
virtual-interface, NOT that of the OpenBSD host's virtual-interface.)

According to Debian's man 5 interfaces, what I want should be be easy:
just append the line

hwaddress ether fe:e1:01:02:03:04

at the end of /etc/network/interfaces. If I do this I do indeed get
enp0s2's (virtual) ethernet MAC address set as I desire... *but* Debian
doesn't configure IPv4 networking on this interface:

tux# ifconfig enp0s2
enp0s2: flags=4163  mtu 1500
inet6 fe80::fce1:bbff:fed1:283  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
ether fe:e1:bb:d1:02:83  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
RX packets 4  bytes 168 (168.0 B)
RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
TX packets 107  bytes 32568 (31.8 KiB)
TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

tux# 

I have also tried changing the last line of /etc/network/interfaces to

iface enp0s2 inet dhcp hwaddress fe:e1:bb:d1:02:83

but this gets me a DHCP-configured network interface with a randomized
virtual-ethernet MAC address, i.e., Debian ignores my attempt to set a
fixed virtual-ethernet MAC address is ignored.

I have also tried appending the line

pre-up ifconfig enp0s2 hw ether f1:e1:01:02:03:04

to /etc/network/interfaces. This sets the virtual-ethernet MAC address
ok, but once again enp0s2 doesn't get an IP address.

So, my question is, how can I set a fixed virtual-ethernet MAC address
in Debian and still have the system use DHCP for IPv4 network configuration?

I would strongly prefer a command-line (non-GUI) solution, as running
anything GUI on the VM would require ssh over a working network to the
VM, and right now that's somewhat lacking.

Thanks,
--
-- "Jonathan Thornburg [remove color- to reply]" 
   on the west coast of Canada, eh?
   "There was of course no way of knowing whether you were being watched
at any given moment.  How often, or on what system, the Thought Police
plugged in on any individual wire was guesswork.  It was even conceivable
that they watched everybody all the time."  -- George Orwell, "1984"

Re: Problems upgrading from Debian 10 to 11

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Ma, 14 dec 21, 21:27:28, James Dutton wrote:
>
> I tried the newer xrdp/xorgxrdp .deb from the debian repo, but they
> did not install (dependent on different libs not in Bullseye.
> I then compiled xrdp and xorgxrdp from git sources, and they compiled
> and ran ok in Bullseye.
> That is what I am currently using, as a work around, for the Bullseye
> problem I am having with xrdp.
> So, yes, a newer version of xrdp/xorgxrdp does compile and work in Bullseye.
> 
> Are there any specific commands you would like me to run, to maybe
> test or compile a different version?
> I am happy to test anything that might help get a working xrdp, sooner
> rather than later in the debian bullseye repo.

My first suggestion would be to try to recompile the package in testing 
on stable, e.g. as per https://wiki.debian.org/SimpleBackportCreation. 
This could be easier for you to maintain instead of compiling from 
source.

You could also try asking for a backport on -backports, preferably with 
a Cc to the maintainer *and* mentioning the additional features of the 
version in testing (if any).

The backports archive isn't supposed to be used to fix bugs in stable 
(see the archives, this is constantly brought up), though I acknowledge 
this may leave users in a bad situation if the bug isn't fixed in stable 
either (regardless of the reason).

An offer for assistance in fixing the bug in stable, like identifying 
the relevant upstream commit(s) fixing the issue and helping with 
backporting them to the older versions could also help get things 
moving.

Hope this helps,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


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Re: cups problems in bullseye

[Brian]

On Wed 15 Dec 2021 at 07:35:16 -0500, gene heskett wrote:

[...]

> And I got my sig fixed.

Excellent! Your sig. is generally the most reliable, informative and
helpful item in postings :). It also upholds the inalienable rights
of some people to conduct massacres on school premises.

-- 
Brian.

Re: Update Debian 9 to 10

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Ma, 14 dec 21, 14:59:56, Thanos Katsiolis wrote:
> Kent thank you for your response.
> 
> 
> I also had to install the GNOME, although using dpkg I saw related
> packages, so I thought that it was installed.
> Is there a way to verify that something like DM (gdm) or GNOMe is
> installed, in order to know what to do?

For GDM it's easy:

dpkg -l gdm3


(it should have 'ii' in the first column)

On the other hand the GNOME Desktop Environment consists of many 
packages[1]. If I were to guess the package gnome-shell could provide a 
reasonable yes / no answer.

For installing from scratch I would pick one of task-gnome-desktop, 
gnome or gnome-core.


[1] on a pretty bare bullseye `apt install gnome` would install 746 
additional packages

Kind regards,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


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Re: Reasonably simple setup for 1TB HDD and 250GB M.2 NVMe SSD

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Ma, 14 dec 21, 14:30:10, Jorge P. de Morais Neto wrote:
> Hello!  I apologize for the delay and reply below:
> 
> Em [2021-12-09 qui 11:36:17+0200], Anssi Saari escreveu:
> 
> >> I would have tmpfs on /tmp---I have read that long thread where
> >> someone alleged that moving /tmp to tmpfs makes it useless but I
> >> disagree.
> >
> > Any link to this discussion?  I really like tmpfs for /tmp but for
> > everything there's resistance to change first and foremost.
> 
> LWN.net summary: https://lwn.net/Articles/499410/ "Temporary files: RAM
> or disk?"
> 
> Summary by the thread initiator:
> https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2012/06/msg00311.html "Summary:
> Moving /tmp to tmpfs makes it useless"

That discussion is from 2012 (which in computing is ancient history), I 
wonder how much of it is still valid (either way).

Kind regards,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


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reject dhclient offer from wrong subnet

[Tuxo]

Hi list

My router and my docsys modem power on at the same time. the modem is 
handing out dhcp offers of 192.168.100/24 . I assume they are meant for 
internal set up purposes and dhclient on my router should not catch or 
respond to them. Only the final offer after modem bootup has completed 
does contain the WAN subnet and a lease time of 4 hours.


Can I configure dhclient on my router to discard lease offers from a 
certain subnet? I could also try to match the lease time, the 
192.168.100/24 lease time is only several seconds (!!) short, the real 
one will be 4 hours or more and come with a valid WAN subnet mask.


I never had this problem before, so I don't know how to change 
dhclient's behaviour to a bogus lease offer.


Maybe iptables could assist and block multicast traffic from/to the 
wrong subnet? I'm not sure I would still get the actual WAN lease then.

Re: IPv4 specific issue with USB tethering between my Debian laptop and my phone

[Dan Ritter]

Vincent Lefevre wrote: 
> On 2021-12-15 06:09:12 +, Tim Woodall wrote:
> > On Tue, 14 Dec 2021, Dan Ritter wrote:
> > 
> > > Vincent Lefevre wrote:
> > > > I don't have any issue with the mobile hotspot (thus wifi between the
> > > > laptop and the phone) or with a Cosmo under Android 9 (instead of the
> > > > Samsung Galaxy Note10+), but in both cases, this is much slower, and
> > > > I sometimes get wifi disconnections.
> > > > 
> > > > On my Debian laptop, I'm using NetworkManager (nmcli).
> > > 
> > > Have you investigated the MTU? This sounds like a mismatch
> > > between what your laptop and phone are using.
> > > 
> > > Diagnosis (besides looking at connection details on both sides):
> > > ping with increasingly large packet sizes. If it works at small
> > > IPv4 packet sizes and then stops, that's the problem.
> 
> Indeed, this works up to
>   ping -4 -s 1472 joooj.vinc17.net
>   ping -6 -s 1452 joooj.vinc17.net

ip link set USBNET0 mtu 1450, or something like that. I don't
know NetworkManager's syntax for that; random googling suggests
that they at least had a historical problem with not being able
to set MTU on anything other than a pure ethernet or wifi link,
but perhaps they've solved that?

-dsr-

Re: strange problem with usb wifi adapter

[Andrew M.A. Cater]

On Wed, Dec 15, 2021 at 11:32:05AM -, Curt wrote:
> On 2021-12-15, Long Wind  wrote:
> > On Sunday, December 12, 2021, 8:31:17 AM EST, Curt  wrote: 
> > Does this mean the official Buster netinstall kernel contains a free driver 
> > for your wireless card but the subsequently installed Buster user kernel 
> > does not?
> >
> >
> > Sorry, Curt, I see your reply today, it's too late  
> >
> > i think official buster debian-10.11.0-i386-netinst.iso has non-free 
> > firmware, but it isn't installed to user's target device
> >
> > apparently both use non-free mt7601u firmware
> >
> > if they have free driver for my adapter, surely they shall install to my 
> > target device
> >
> 
> No problem; I was thinking later my remark was actually pretty stupid
> (ruining my stellar reputation here), but I'd seen this (believing if
> there was a kernel driver that meant it was open source or something)
> 
>  https://cateee.net/lkddb/web-lkddb/MT7601U.html
> 
> and also experienced mild incredulity in discovering the official netinstaller
> might contain a non-free entity (that it inexplicably deprives the
> obliviously "tainted" user once its job is done), which got me to
> wondering what in heaven's sake the *unofficial* netinstaller was for,
> the official one already being a little bit pregnant anyway, as it were.
> 
> 

So: if it works - you need firmware-linux-nonfree which pulls in 
firmware-misc-nonfree [For Bullseye]

  * MediaTek MT7601U firmware, version 34 (mt7601u.bin)

is in firmware-misc-nonfree.

If you use the unofficial non-free installer, that would be found on
boot, I think. If you then install a desktop environment, you would get
the ability to configure it with network-manager or whatever other utility.

Hope this helps, all the very best, as ever,

Andy Cater

Re: xmodmap settings lost when (usb) keyboard reattached.

[Vincent Lefevre]

On 2021-12-15 16:53:54 +, Tim Woodall wrote:
> I run the following command to switch my caps-lock to escape:
> xmodmap -e 'clear Lock' -e 'keycode 0x42 = Escape'
> 
> However, if I disconnect and reconnect my keyboard (I have a KVM switch
> box so this happens quite a lot) the setting is lost.

FYI, there are bugs that were reported about 10 years ago:

https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=541388
"xserver-xorg: Xmodmap settings lost across suspend/hibernate"

https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=633849
"xserver-xorg: XKB settings lost after suspend (hibernate) / resume
or USB keyboard plugged in"

> Before I start writing udev rules to auto reapply this setting when the
> keyboard is (re)attached, is there some other, better, way to make this
> setting stick?

Note that this is a bit tricky as you need to remember $DISPLAY and
a "xhost +si:localuser:root" is needed. In the past, I wrote a script,
put in the /etc/pm/sleep.d directory:

  https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=633849#92

but there were some issues with it, as I mentioned there.

-- 
Vincent Lefèvre  - Web: 
100% accessible validated (X)HTML - Blog: 
Work: CR INRIA - computer arithmetic / AriC project (LIP, ENS-Lyon)

Re: IPv4 specific issue with USB tethering between my Debian laptop and my phone

[Tim Woodall]

On Wed, 15 Dec 2021, Vincent Lefevre wrote:


On 2021-12-15 06:09:12 +, Tim Woodall wrote:

On Tue, 14 Dec 2021, Dan Ritter wrote:


Vincent Lefevre wrote:

Hi,

When I use USB tethering between my Debian/unstable laptop and my
Samsung Galaxy Note10+ phone (Android 11), everything is OK with
IPv6 connections (e.g. "wget -6"), but IPv4 connections freeze
(e.g. "wget -4" or "ssh -4"). I can notice this in particular when
testing with the same remote server. For instance, with "wget -4",
a few dozens of KB are downloaded, then the connection is completely
frozen.

I don't have any issue with the mobile hotspot (thus wifi between the
laptop and the phone) or with a Cosmo under Android 9 (instead of the
Samsung Galaxy Note10+), but in both cases, this is much slower, and
I sometimes get wifi disconnections.

On my Debian laptop, I'm using NetworkManager (nmcli).


Have you investigated the MTU? This sounds like a mismatch
between what your laptop and phone are using.

Diagnosis (besides looking at connection details on both sides):
ping with increasingly large packet sizes. If it works at small
IPv4 packet sizes and then stops, that's the problem.


Indeed, this works up to
 ping -4 -s 1472 joooj.vinc17.net
 ping -6 -s 1452 joooj.vinc17.net


Yes, probably - --clamp-mss-to-ptmu in iptables might be what is needed.


Thanks, but taking the rules from

 https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Adv-Routing-HOWTO/lartc.cookbook.mtu-mss.html

I've tried

 iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN -j TCPMSS 
--clamp-mss-to-pmtu

and

 iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN -j TCPMSS --set-mss 1024


I think you possibly want -A OUTPUT rules too. And also ip6tables rules.

When I look at where I've configured this in the past I've also done it
on the mangle chain:

iptables -t mangle -A FORWARD -p tcp -o $NET_IF --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN
-j TCPMSS --clamp-mss-to-pmtu

ip6tables -t mangle -A FORWARD -p tcp -o $NETv6_IF --tcp-flags SYN,RST
SYN -j TCPMSS --clamp-mss-to-pmtu

etc. (you may or may not want to bother writing explicit rules for each
interface)

If you're going via a firewall then you (usually) only need -A FORWARD
But if you're trying to configure it on your laptop itself you probably
need -A OUTPUT (and possibly -A INPUT).


and none of them have any effect. Or did I need something else?

Any other suggestion?

xmodmap settings lost when (usb) keyboard reattached.

[Tim Woodall]

I run the following command to switch my caps-lock to escape:
xmodmap -e 'clear Lock' -e 'keycode 0x42 = Escape'

However, if I disconnect and reconnect my keyboard (I have a KVM switch
box so this happens quite a lot) the setting is lost.

Before I start writing udev rules to auto reapply this setting when the
keyboard is (re)attached, is there some other, better, way to make this
setting stick?

Tim.

Re: IPv4 specific issue with USB tethering between my Debian laptop and my phone

[Vincent Lefevre]

On 2021-12-15 06:09:12 +, Tim Woodall wrote:
> On Tue, 14 Dec 2021, Dan Ritter wrote:
> 
> > Vincent Lefevre wrote:
> > > Hi,
> > > 
> > > When I use USB tethering between my Debian/unstable laptop and my
> > > Samsung Galaxy Note10+ phone (Android 11), everything is OK with
> > > IPv6 connections (e.g. "wget -6"), but IPv4 connections freeze
> > > (e.g. "wget -4" or "ssh -4"). I can notice this in particular when
> > > testing with the same remote server. For instance, with "wget -4",
> > > a few dozens of KB are downloaded, then the connection is completely
> > > frozen.
> > > 
> > > I don't have any issue with the mobile hotspot (thus wifi between the
> > > laptop and the phone) or with a Cosmo under Android 9 (instead of the
> > > Samsung Galaxy Note10+), but in both cases, this is much slower, and
> > > I sometimes get wifi disconnections.
> > > 
> > > On my Debian laptop, I'm using NetworkManager (nmcli).
> > 
> > Have you investigated the MTU? This sounds like a mismatch
> > between what your laptop and phone are using.
> > 
> > Diagnosis (besides looking at connection details on both sides):
> > ping with increasingly large packet sizes. If it works at small
> > IPv4 packet sizes and then stops, that's the problem.

Indeed, this works up to
  ping -4 -s 1472 joooj.vinc17.net
  ping -6 -s 1452 joooj.vinc17.net

> Yes, probably - --clamp-mss-to-ptmu in iptables might be what is needed.

Thanks, but taking the rules from

  https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Adv-Routing-HOWTO/lartc.cookbook.mtu-mss.html

I've tried

  iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN -j TCPMSS 
--clamp-mss-to-pmtu

and

  iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN -j TCPMSS --set-mss 1024

and none of them have any effect. Or did I need something else?

Any other suggestion?

-- 
Vincent Lefèvre  - Web: 
100% accessible validated (X)HTML - Blog: 
Work: CR INRIA - computer arithmetic / AriC project (LIP, ENS-Lyon)

Re: Reasonably simple setup for 1TB HDD and 250GB M.2 NVMe SSD

[hdv@gmail]

On 2021-12-15 15:51, Jorge P. de Morais Neto wrote:

Hello,

Em [2021-12-09 qui 15:00:43+0100], hdv@gmail escreveu:


Regarding the swap space: I wouldn't make it so big.  That really isn't
necessary.  I have a 64GB RAM system here, on which I have 2GB of swap.  I
doubt I have ever seen conky show me more than 35% use.  And I am quite a
heavy user of system resources (much 3D CAD editing, photo editing,
video editing and rendering, and often multiple VM's in use).

My laptop has 32GB of RAM and 2 GB of swap and on that system I haven't
seen much swapping either.


I wanted to play safe in case I later upgrade the RAM to 32 GiB and,
additionally, I later enable the hibernate functionality.  Since I have
a 1 TB HDD, I can spare a 32 GiB (approximately 34 GB) for swapping.


If you can spare the space, then I don't see why not. If you plan to go 
to ACPI state S4 (suspend to disk, hibernate) this certainly is useful. 
In my experience only a handful of people actually use S4 though.


> For increased swapping performance, the swapping space on a rotational

drive should be contiguous and located at the start of the drive, right?


I used to think so myself. And out of habit I still choose to do it like 
that myself. But I haven't noticed any significant performance gains 
during some extensive testing in practice (>100 disks over a period of 3 
years in a server room of a university).


Apart from performance, it is said that it would mean less movement of 
the heads and thus less wear [1], but again, in practice I haven't ever 
seen a case where this would have made a significant difference in a 
normal user setting. It would be different in a large-scale commercial 
setting though.


There is something else to consider: why not create a swap file, instead 
of a swap partition? That way you are free to play around and test what 
fits your needs best, without having to chance the partitions.


[1] This will depend on many, many parameters. You would expect a 
location somewhere in the middle of the disk to be the sweet spot when 
it comes to minimising movement in a fairly filled up disk. But then 
again, if you have lots of static files you do not regularly access in a 
large partition at the end of the disk, then you will have an uneven 
geometry which will make the optimum shift.


Grx HdV

Re: Reasonably simple setup for 1TB HDD and 250GB M.2 NVMe SSD

[Jorge P . de Morais Neto]

Hello,

Em [2021-12-09 qui 15:00:43+0100], hdv@gmail escreveu:

> Regarding the swap space: I wouldn't make it so big.  That really isn't 
> necessary.  I have a 64GB RAM system here, on which I have 2GB of swap.  I 
> doubt I have ever seen conky show me more than 35% use.  And I am quite a 
> heavy user of system resources (much 3D CAD editing, photo editing, 
> video editing and rendering, and often multiple VM's in use).
>
> My laptop has 32GB of RAM and 2 GB of swap and on that system I haven't 
> seen much swapping either.

I wanted to play safe in case I later upgrade the RAM to 32 GiB and,
additionally, I later enable the hibernate functionality.  Since I have
a 1 TB HDD, I can spare a 32 GiB (approximately 34 GB) for swapping.
For increased swapping performance, the swapping space on a rotational
drive should be contiguous and located at the start of the drive, right?

Kindest regards,
Jorge

-- 
- Many people hate injustice but few check the facts; this causes more
  injustice.  Ask me about 
- I am Brazilian.  I hope my English is correct and I welcome feedback.
- https://www.defectivebydesign.org
- https://www.gnu.org

Re: Reasonably simple setup for 1TB HDD and 250GB M.2 NVMe SSD

[Jorge P . de Morais Neto]

Hello,

Em [2021-12-09 qui 01:02:17+], Andy Smith escreveu:

> If you are still worried you could partition just half of it and use
> it as a physical volume for LVM, which you might want to do anyway to
> encrypt it (LUKS), Then over time you can see how much you have
> written, how much life is left etc. and decide then whether to leave
> it over-provisioned or extend the LVM further.  It leaves your options
> open.

I intend to use Btrfs.  This means if I later decide to use some of the
unpartitioned space, I can easily and efficiently add it to the main
Btrfs file system without directly using LVM (since Btrfs actually
includes logical volume management), right?

Kindest regards,

-- 
- Many people hate injustice but few check the facts; this causes more
  injustice.  Ask me about 
- Please adopt free/libre formats like PDF, Org, LaTeX, ODF, Opus, WebM and 7z.
- Libre apps for AOSP (Replicant, LineageOS, etc.) and Android: F-Droid
- https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html "What is free software?"

Re: Reasonably simple setup for 1TB HDD and 250GB M.2 NVMe SSD

[Jorge P . de Morais Neto]

Hi.

Em [2021-12-09 qui 05:14:09+0500], Alexander V. Makartsev escreveu:

> So, if you plan to use NVMe SSD as a system drive, I suggest you also 
> keep /swap partition

I am considering swapping to the SSD, yes.

> Also, I suggest you to make backups of /home on daily schedule to HDD,
> because data recovery from a failed SSD is not only very expensive,
> but often also next to impossible.

Thank you for this tip, I was not fully aware of this issue.

Kindest regards

-- 
- Many people hate injustice but few check the facts; this causes more
  injustice.  Ask me about 
- I am Brazilian.  I hope my English is correct and I welcome feedback.
- Free Software Supporter: https://www.fsf.org/free-software-supporter
- If an email of mine arrives at your spam box, please notify me.

Re: cups problems in bullseye

[gene heskett]

On Wednesday, December 15, 2021 6:58:34 AM EST gene heskett wrote:
> On Wednesday, December 15, 2021 3:05:50 AM EST Andy Smith wrote:
> > Hello,
> > 
> > On Tue, Dec 14, 2021 at 04:31:55PM -, Curt wrote:
> > > On 2021-12-14, David Wright  wrote:
> > > > On Sun 12 Dec 2021 at 11:14:37 (-0800), Gene Heskett wrote:
> > > >> Andy, plz remove your PM when posting to debian-user, firefox makes
> > > >> it very difficult to put the list address as the To: without starting
> > > >> a
> > > >> new, blank msg. It puts the list in the Cc: box and will not
> > > >> copy/paste it to the To: box w/o stripping at the @.
> > > > 
> > > > What's a PM, and where is it? (There are too many meanings for me
> > > > to guess which one applies here, even while examining Andy's posts.)
> > > 
> > > My guess is personal mail. But who's Andy?
> 
> Andrew Cater
> 
> > I think he's referring to me, since I was one of the first people to
> > respond to his CUPS questions (plus bonus conspiracy theories about
> > Apple), and his response came directly to my personal email not the
> > list.
> > 
> > As usual I struggled to understand what Gene is asking for but I
> > parsed it as something like, "I have no idea how to send email with
> > Firefox such that it goes only to the list, not to you directly, so
> > can you help me by not including your own email address?"
> > 
> > Which still makes very little sense to me, but this is nothing new.
> > 
> > As far as I can see no one needs to change how they are sending
> > email to this list, Gene just needs to learn how to work whatever
> > mail software he is using.
> 
> I'm on kmail now, Which does handle replys properly. But when using FF, in
> order to get the list included, you must reply-all, then clear the to: box
> in order to stop the automatic PM. More useless mouse work.
> 
> And I might add that I only made the apple comment after receiving bounce
correction for typu here
> msgs 3 times from attempting to post to @cups.org. Going to the site that
> originated the bounce msgs, and finding that the cups mailing list was not
> listed there, and the fact that the lists going away had been announced on
> that list months ago, I posted the only theory I had left. If there
> actually still is a cups list, lay it on me. But it hasn't been yet.
> 
> > Cheers,
> > Andy
> 
> .
And I got my sig fixed.

Cheers, Gene Heskett.
-- 
"There are four boxes to be used in defense of liberty:
 soap, ballot, jury, and ammo. Please use in that order."
-Ed Howdershelt (Author, 1940)
If we desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable.
 - Louis D. Brandeis
Genes Web page 

Re: Ensuring network connectivity no Ethernet [WAS Re: Drivers to Debian installer]

[Brian]

On Mon 13 Dec 2021 at 22:39:24 -0600, David Wright wrote:

> On Sun 21 Nov 2021 at 17:53:57 (+), Andrew M.A. Cater wrote:
> > On Sun, Nov 21, 2021 at 05:46:13PM +, Brian wrote:
> > > On Sun 21 Nov 2021 at 16:30:06 +, Andrew M.A. Cater wrote:
>
> [ … ]
>
> > > > A complication is that this is a gaming laptop with two video displays.
> > > > If you wish to use both, then there are difficulties in doing so.
> > > >
> > > > I would suggest booting from the isntaller and doing an expert install.
> > >
> > > I agee with that.
> > >
> > > > Stop without installing any desktop - so unselect a Debian desktop.
> > >
> > > Normally I would agree with this too, but the lack of ethernet is likely
> > > to lead to an issue with connectivity after first boot. See
> > >
> > >   https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=694068
>
> Quoting this:
>
>  "If this bug is going to be kept ANOTHER Debian release,
>   can you at least warn people about it in the buster Installation Guide?"
>
> I don't see anything about it in the bullseye one.
>
> > No Ethernet means additional complications :)
> >
> > WiFi firmware - the nonfree firmware-iwlwifi probably - will be installed
> > as part of the initial install - so you should have network connectivity
> > for that at least.
>
> … during the installation phase only, in case that's not clear.
>
> > I'd install Network Manager and nmtui to set up a minimal wireless interface
> > thereafter. You can do that either by dropping to a shell in the initial
> > install or by using the rescue mode of the installer to chroot to the 
> > installed
> >  system and go from there.
>
> I think it's far simpler than that, and I've added a comment to BTS
> #694068 that might avoid its needing a trixie tag in the future.

A preseed directive may be used to avoid having only a lo interface in
/e/n/i:

  d-i netcfg/target_network_config select ifupdown

>From the netcfg templates file:

 Template: netcfg/target_network_config
 Type: select
 Choices-C: nm_config, ifupdown, loopback
 Choices: Network Manager, ifupdown (/etc/network/interfaces), No network 
configuration
 Description: for internal use; can be preseeded
 Specifies what kind of network connection management tool should be
 configured post-installation if multiple are available. Automatic
 selection is used in this order when not specified: network-manager if
 available (on Linux only), ethernet configuration through ifupdown on wired
 installation and loopback configuration through ifupdown on wireless
 installations.

Re: cups problems in bullseye

[gene heskett]

On Wednesday, December 15, 2021 3:05:50 AM EST Andy Smith wrote:
> Hello,
> 
> On Tue, Dec 14, 2021 at 04:31:55PM -, Curt wrote:
> > On 2021-12-14, David Wright  wrote:
> > > On Sun 12 Dec 2021 at 11:14:37 (-0800), Gene Heskett wrote:
> > >> Andy, plz remove your PM when posting to debian-user, firefox makes
> > >> it very difficult to put the list address as the To: without starting a
> > >> new, blank msg. It puts the list in the Cc: box and will not
> > >> copy/paste it to the To: box w/o stripping at the @.
> > > 
> > > What's a PM, and where is it? (There are too many meanings for me
> > > to guess which one applies here, even while examining Andy's posts.)
> > 
> > My guess is personal mail. But who's Andy?
> 
Andrew Cater

> I think he's referring to me, since I was one of the first people to
> respond to his CUPS questions (plus bonus conspiracy theories about
> Apple), and his response came directly to my personal email not the
> list.
> 
> As usual I struggled to understand what Gene is asking for but I
> parsed it as something like, "I have no idea how to send email with
> Firefox such that it goes only to the list, not to you directly, so
> can you help me by not including your own email address?"
> 
> Which still makes very little sense to me, but this is nothing new.
> 
> As far as I can see no one needs to change how they are sending
> email to this list, Gene just needs to learn how to work whatever
> mail software he is using.
> 
I'm on kmail now, Which does handle replys properly. But when using FF, in 
order to get the list included, you must reply-all, then clear the to: box in 
order to stop the automatic PM. More useless mouse work.

And I might add that I only made the apple comment after receiving bounce msgs 
3 times from attempting to post to @cups.org. Doing to the site that 
originated the bounce msgs, and finding that the cups mailing list was not 
listed there, and the fact that the lists going away had been announced on 
that list months ago, I posted the only theory I had left. If there actually 
still is a cups list, lay it on me. But it hasn't been yet.

> Cheers,
> Andy

Re: strange problem with usb wifi adapter

[Curt]

On 2021-12-15, Long Wind  wrote:
> On Sunday, December 12, 2021, 8:31:17 AM EST, Curt  wrote: 
> Does this mean the official Buster netinstall kernel contains a free driver 
> for your wireless card but the subsequently installed Buster user kernel does 
> not?
>
>
> Sorry, Curt, I see your reply today, it's too late  
>
> i think official buster debian-10.11.0-i386-netinst.iso has non-free 
> firmware, but it isn't installed to user's target device
>
> apparently both use non-free mt7601u firmware
>
> if they have free driver for my adapter, surely they shall install to my 
> target device
>

No problem; I was thinking later my remark was actually pretty stupid
(ruining my stellar reputation here), but I'd seen this (believing if
there was a kernel driver that meant it was open source or something)

 https://cateee.net/lkddb/web-lkddb/MT7601U.html

and also experienced mild incredulity in discovering the official netinstaller
might contain a non-free entity (that it inexplicably deprives the
obliviously "tainted" user once its job is done), which got me to
wondering what in heaven's sake the *unofficial* netinstaller was for,
the official one already being a little bit pregnant anyway, as it were.

Re: How to get linux headers or source code for debian 8.0 kernel 3.16.0-4-amd64

[Thomas Schmitt]

Hi,

Kiyanovski, Arthur wrote:
> Thomas, You found 3.16.7-ckt9-3 snapshot which is very close.

Close, but no cigar.


Have a nice day :)

Thomas

RE: How to get linux headers or source code for debian 8.0 kernel 3.16.0-4-amd64

[Kiyanovski, Arthur]

>-Original Message-
>From: Thomas Schmitt 
>Sent: Tuesday, December 14, 2021 7:17 PM
>To: debian-user@lists.debian.org
>Cc: Kiyanovski, Arthur 
>Subject: RE: [EXTERNAL] How to get linux headers or source code for debian
>8.0 kernel 3.16.0-4-amd64
>
>CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click
>links or open attachments unless you can confirm the sender and know the
>content is safe.
>
>
>
>Hi,
>
>> How do I get the Linux headers or source code for kernel
>> 3.16.0-4-amd64 Debian 8.0?
>
>Are you sure that this is the version code which you should be looking for if
>interested in source ?
>
>According to my mail archives uname -a on a Debian 8.1 says:
>  Linux ts6 3.16.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.16.7-ckt11-1 (2015-05-24) x86_64
>GNU/Linux
>
>The string "3.16.0-4" is found in the web for various different "MP Debian
>3.16...". But "3.16.7-ckt11-1" seems to be the actual source version.
>
>Debian 8.0 was released april 26th 2015.
>This here is from april 23:
>
>  https://launchpad.net/debian/+source/linux/3.16.7-ckt9-3
>
>This snapshot of april 28
>
>
>https://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20150428T040155Z/pool/main/l/
>linux/
>
>offers:
>
>  linux-headers-3.16.0-4-all-arm64_3.16.7-ckt9-3_arm64.deb
>  linux-image-3.16.0-4-amd64_3.16.7-ckt9-3_amd64.deb
>  linux-source-3.16_3.16.7-ckt9-3_all.deb
>
>
>Have a nice day :)
>
>Thomas

Thanks guys! Your answers were really helpful!

Using uname -a /-v showed me that the actual kernel is 3.16.7-ckt9-2 
(2015-04-13)

Thomas,  
You found 3.16.7-ckt9-3 snapshot which is very close. But more importantly you 
showed me how to look into snapshots.
Thanks for showing me where inside the snapshot I should look for the deb files 
- would have never found it myself with all of these paths there 😊
Looking in the snapshots I found 
linux-headers-3.16.0-4-all-amd64_3.16.7-ckt9-2_amd64.deb in - 
http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20150413T093346Z/pool/main/l/linux/
Added the snapshot to my sources.list and was able to install the 
linux-headers-3.16.0-4-amd64 package.
With is was able to compile my driver and load it.

Thanks a lot!
Arthur

Re: strange problem with usb wifi adapter

[Long Wind]

On Sunday, December 12, 2021, 8:31:17 AM EST, Curt  wrote: 
Does this mean the official Buster netinstall kernel contains a free driver for 
your wireless card but the subsequently installed Buster user kernel does not?


Sorry, Curt, I see your reply today, it's too late  

i think official buster debian-10.11.0-i386-netinst.iso has non-free firmware, 
but it isn't installed to user's target device

apparently both use non-free mt7601u firmware

if they have free driver for my adapter, surely they shall install to my target 
device

Re: cups problems in bullseye

[Curt]

On 2021-12-15, Andy Smith  wrote:
> Hello,
>
> On Tue, Dec 14, 2021 at 04:31:55PM -, Curt wrote:
>> On 2021-12-14, David Wright  wrote:
>> > On Sun 12 Dec 2021 at 11:14:37 (-0800), Gene Heskett wrote:
>> >> Andy, plz remove your PM when posting to debian-user, firefox makes
>> >> it very difficult to put the list address as the To: without starting a 
>> >> new,
>> >> blank msg. It puts the list in the Cc: box and will not copy/paste it 
>> >> to the To: box w/o stripping at the @.
>> >
>> > What's a PM, and where is it? (There are too many meanings for me
>> > to guess which one applies here, even while examining Andy's posts.)
>> 
>> My guess is personal mail. But who's Andy?
>

I thought I saw that Andrei responded to this post of Gene's, and
believed maybe Gene was referring to Andrei as "Andy" which is funny (or
not, maybe depending on whether you're Andrei or not) and kind of
American its easy-going and familiar geniality.

Re: cups problems in bullseye

[Andy Smith]

Hello,

On Tue, Dec 14, 2021 at 04:31:55PM -, Curt wrote:
> On 2021-12-14, David Wright  wrote:
> > On Sun 12 Dec 2021 at 11:14:37 (-0800), Gene Heskett wrote:
> >> Andy, plz remove your PM when posting to debian-user, firefox makes
> >> it very difficult to put the list address as the To: without starting a 
> >> new,
> >> blank msg. It puts the list in the Cc: box and will not copy/paste it 
> >> to the To: box w/o stripping at the @.
> >
> > What's a PM, and where is it? (There are too many meanings for me
> > to guess which one applies here, even while examining Andy's posts.)
> 
> My guess is personal mail. But who's Andy?

I think he's referring to me, since I was one of the first people to
respond to his CUPS questions (plus bonus conspiracy theories about
Apple), and his response came directly to my personal email not the
list.

As usual I struggled to understand what Gene is asking for but I
parsed it as something like, "I have no idea how to send email with
Firefox such that it goes only to the list, not to you directly, so
can you help me by not including your own email address?"

Which still makes very little sense to me, but this is nothing new.

As far as I can see no one needs to change how they are sending
email to this list, Gene just needs to learn how to work whatever
mail software he is using.

Cheers,
Andy

-- 
https://bitfolk.com/ -- No-nonsense VPS hosting

Re: Why MBR partitioning (was: Reasonably simple setup for 1...)

[Thomas Schmitt]

Hi,

David Christensen wrote:
> > So that you can boot the system drive in old and new computers -- e.g.
> > MBR is "lowest common denominator".

Felix Miata wrote:
> I just found out from Asus that Intel 500 series chipsets do not support CSM.
> Luckily my cloned NVME came from another NVME configured for UEFI. So, some
> new computers don't support MBR.

The usability of MBR partitioned devices is not tied to CSM.
The UEFI specs define MBR partition type 0xef for the EFI System Partition.

Nevertheless, experiments of Ubuntu with its bootable ISOs showed that
some few firmwares refuse to boot from a storage device that has no GPT.

It would still have to be determined whether the lack of error reports
in regard to Debian's bootable ISOs for amd64 and i386 means that those
firmwares recognize GPT Basic Data Partitions of type
EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7 as storage location of EFI boot
programs. The specs prescribe type C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B
but Debian ISOs don't have such a partition. They have an MBR partition
of type 0xef, though.


Have a nice day :)

Thomas