Re: Networking pb

[Charlie Gibbs]

On Mon, 09 May 2022 04:10:01 +0200 Charles Curley
 wrote:

> On Mon, 09 May 2022 01:31:35 +0200
> Hussein Yahia  wrote:
>
>> What exactly do you mean by "connect"? SSH? ping? If you mean via
>> SMB, that suggests you successfully set the Linux computer up as
>> an SMB server. Did you?
>>
>> I don't remeber to have installed smb on my Linux. I just downloaded
>> the packages. On the mac, I click on the Linux Desktop'name, (which
>> appears in any window), a window appears, I can login in the Desktop
>> Linux with my name and password, and I see my files, when I'm on the
>> mac.
>
> I should probably clarify: SMB (Service Message Block) is the
> protocol, originally from IBM, later Microsoft. Samba is a server
> and client suite of programs for Linux and Unix that implement SMB.
> Microsoft has its own suite. Apple has at least a client. SMB is
> also known as CIFS (Common Internet File System, I think).

Another alternative is NFS.  When my wife wants to get at my music
library, she runs a script I put on her Mac to do an NFS mount on
my Linux box.

--
cgi...@surfnaked.ca (Charlie Gibbs)

Re: rsync trying to load rdiff-backup

[AC]

On 2022-05-08 18:27, AC wrote:

On 2022-05-08 18:03, David wrote:

On Mon, 9 May 2022 at 10:53, AC  wrote:

On 2022-05-08 16:45, David wrote:

On Mon, 9 May 2022 at 07:24, AC  wrote:



Now here's a new discovery on the machines having problems: as a normal
user I can rsync just fine to a remote machine.  But if I'm using rsync
as root to send a backup to a remote machine, I get the rdiff-backup
problem.  The other machines have no issues whether I'm a regular user
or root.


Ok. In that case, I would run again the check commands I gave, but this
time as root, just to see if there is any difference.

I don't know the cause of your problem, but these commands are useful
investigation to reveal what "rsync" means when the particular user runs
that command.


All of my tests were done as root already.  They all matched.




well I feel stupid but the problem ended up on the server side of this 
mess.  I had actually written command restrictions into the 
authorized_keys file on the server so that the unattended backups would 
use SSH keys that couldn't be used for anything else.  I did this ages 
ago and completely forgot about it.  The two machines that worked are 
brand new so they didn't have the keys set up and I was manually 
entering passwords when prompted just for testing.

Re: Copying one drive to a smaller one.

[Felix Miata]

pa...@quillandmouse.com composed on 2022-05-08 21:54 (UTC-0400):

> Situation: I have a 500G boot drive (root, swap, home) I'd like to copy
> to a new 250G drive which must then also be bootable (yes, there's
> enough room). This are EFI drives. I can use "dd", but I don't know
> the proper parameters, and as I understand it, copying a 500G to a 250G
> drive is Bad(tm). I could use "rsync", but I don't think the second
> 250G drive will boot just because I copied the files over to it. I
> suspect I would have an additional step needed to make the drive
> bootable.

> Can someone outline the proper procedure here?

rsync gets the files, once required partitioning and formatting is done, but
doesn't configure bootloader. You can run efibootmgr to set the new ESP up, or
select the new ESP as priority within EFI BIOS setup (if it works as it should).

dd can be safely used only if target space is equal to or larger than source. If
the old drive is partitioned, you might be able to dd individual partitions that
fit, but your situation is a clear case to prefer rsync.
-- 
Evolution as taught in public schools is, like religion,
based on faith, not based on science.

 Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks!

Felix Miata

Re: email lacks sender address (SOLVED)

[David Wright]

On Sun 08 May 2022 at 19:20:05 (-0600), Charles Curley wrote:
> On Sun, 8 May 2022 19:42:57 -0500 David Wright wrote:
> 
> > I'm really not sure who, and under what circumstances,
> > hostnamectl is for.
> 
> Nor am I, especially after this. According to apt-file, it is in the
> package systemd.
> 
> > I ran:
> > 
> > # hostnamectl set-hostname acerx
> > 
> > and /etc/hostname was changed, but not /etc/hosts, which still had:
> > 
> > 127.0.1.1   acer.corp   acer
> 
> I confirm this. I guess I missed it due to rarely referring to a
> computer by its hostname, but instead by localhost. Sigh. Thanks for
> the catch. It looks like I shall have to adjust my installation scripts.
> 
> > 
> > and also not /etc/mailname. I'm not saying it should have affected
> > those occurrences, but that it's better to check you have the
> > correct, consistent name throughout the system.
> 
> Odd. On the two boxes I used hostnamectl on, mailname is set correctly.
> However, I ran it on installation, and may have fixed that manually
> (but there's no backup file), or by installing postfix subsequently.

Well, I was running hostnamectl after the event, ie on an already
fully-configured system. In your case, you probably configured exim
after setting the hostname (or it's the same name anyway, or whatever).
OTOH I think dpkg-reconfigure reads the mailname from /etc/hosts,
rather than /etc/hostname, initially (ie when /etc/mailname is unset.
If it's already set, it just parrots it.).

> > It's also not clear to me either, where one might insert this command
> > so that it takes effect early enough to avoid polluting the system
> > with wrong names. (The logs, for one example.)
> 
> I run it in a script that I run manually immediately after installation.

I see. And it sets /etc/hostname for good. But I think the OP's
problem might have been that DHCP was overwriting /etc/hostname
each time it ran (or ran at boot time).

> > > > Whats I didn't check  was what my router took to be my host name. 
> > > > It did not reponse to my changed host name and I had to do it
> > > > manually in the router. Doing do seems to have solved my problem.
> > > >  
> > 
> > It would seem then that you were letting DHCP in the router set your
> > hostname as well as the usual IP address, nameservers etc, which
> > could be unfortunate if it doesn't agree. How you avoid that depends
> > ….
> 
> Yup. However I make sure they agree by assigning most hosts a "host"
> statement in dhcpd.conf, and assigning a fixed IP address to a given MAC
> address, and then having dhcpd feed that to bind9.

Similarly here, except that I don't have anything running a DNS
server. But the router's DHCP table's hostname agrees with
/etc/hostname, /etc/hosts, /etc/mailname, and any derived places
like update-exim4.conf.conf and the ssh keys.

BTW my "…" stood for "different with different configurations", and
I don't think I can even avoid it on my own preferred DHCP client,
iwd. (I think I have seen a post proferring a patch to allow it.)

Cheers,
David.

Re: Networking pb

[Charles Curley]

On Mon, 09 May 2022 01:31:35 +0200
Hussein Yahia  wrote:

> > What exactly do you mean by "connect"? SSH? ping? If you mean via
> > SMB,
> > that suggests you successfully set the Linux computer up as an SMB
> > server. Did you?  
> 
> I don't remeber to have installed smb on my Linux. I just downloaded
> the packages. On the mac, I click on the Linux Desktop'name, (which
> appears in any window), a window appears, I can login in the Desktop
> Linux with my name and password, and I see my files, when I'm on the
> mac.

I should probably clarify: SMB (Service Message Block) is the protocol,
originally from IBM, later Microsoft. Samba is a server and client
suite of programs for Linux and Unix that implement SMB. Microsoft has
its own suite. Apple has at least a client. SMB is also known as CIFS
(Common Internet File System, I think).

You downloaded the packages, but didn't install them. Gnome might
include a Samba client, I don't know. I doubt it includes a server.

The best way to tell if a Samba server is running is to check to see if
there is one or more processes running. Run in a terminal:

ps aux | grep -i smbd

If it's running, you should get something like:

root@hawk:~# ps aux | grep -i smb
root1433  0.0  0.0  82592 14004 ?Ss   May03   0:01 
/usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
root1490  0.0  0.0  80424  6164 ?SMay03   0:00 
/usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
root1492  0.0  0.0  80432  5244 ?SMay03   0:00 
/usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
root1520  0.0  0.0  82664  9332 ?SMay03   0:03 
/usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
root2875  0.0  0.0  0 0 ?I<   May03   0:00 
[smb3decryptd]
root2883  0.0  0.0 100080 13004 ?SMay03   0:03 
/usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
root   25184  0.0  0.0  91804 13512 ?SMay04   0:03 
/usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
root   73157  0.0  0.0  83084 11740 ?SMay06   0:01 
/usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
root   73160  0.0  0.0  82960 11768 ?SMay06   0:01 
/usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
root  137417  0.0  0.0  83088 13844 ?S09:49   0:00 
/usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
root  141258  0.0  0.0  83088 14552 ?S12:08   0:00 
/usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
root  147939  0.0  0.0   6312   716 pts/8S+   19:49   0:00 grep 
--colour=auto -i smb
root@hawk:~# 

(And I have no idea what that will look like on your mail program
because it consists of a lot of long lines which your mail program will
probably mangle.)

Otherwise you'll get only a few lines.

If it isn't running, I have no idea why you are seeing on the Mac.

> 
> > When you go to what "Network" directory? How do you go to it? Is
> > this in the GUI or command line? What GUI are you using? XFCE?
> > Gnome? KDE?  
> I have Gnome only only on the Linux desktop. You see, the is a
> "Network" in the GUI, I expect the mac to appear here. 

Unfortunately I don't know either Gnome or Macs at all. I suspect that
the reason you don't see the Mac from the Linux desktop is that it
doesn't have a server running, or you haven't authorized it to share
files.

You might find the Debian wiki useful: https://wiki.debian.org/Samba

-- 
Does anybody read signatures any more?

https://charlescurley.com
https://charlescurley.com/blog/

Re: Alternatives to ISC dhcp-client ?

[Vincent Lefevre]

On 2022-05-08 11:19:33 +0800, Jeremy Ardley wrote:
> Of note: Using systemd-networkd you should not use NetworkManager or
> networking services. I think both use the ISC dhcp client

And what about NetworkManager users?

Note: it has its own internal DHCP client, but it is not robust on
buggy networks:

  https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=933930

And the dhclient hooks are not run:

  https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=966618

So I don't use it.

In particular, in my /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf isc-dhcp-client
configuration file, I have

  prepend domain-name-servers 127.0.0.1;

to be able to use the local nameserver preferably (the nameservers
provided by the DHCP server are still needed on networks that
filter UDP).

-- 
Vincent Lefèvre  - Web: 
100% accessible validated (X)HTML - Blog: 
Work: CR INRIA - computer arithmetic / AriC project (LIP, ENS-Lyon)

Copying one drive to a smaller one.

[paulf]

Folks:

Situation: I have a 500G boot drive (root, swap, home) I'd like to copy
to a new 250G drive which must then also be bootable (yes, there's
enough room). This are EFI drives. I can use "dd", but I don't know
the proper parameters, and as I understand it, copying a 500G to a 250G
drive is Bad(tm). I could use "rsync", but I don't think the second
250G drive will boot just because I copied the files over to it. I
suspect I would have an additional step needed to make the drive
bootable.

Can someone outline the proper procedure here?

Paul

-- 
Paul M. Foster
Personal Blog: http://noferblatz.com
Company Site: http://quillandmouse.com
Software Projects: https://gitlab.com/paulmfoster

Re: Wi-Fi USB dongle disconnects

[David Wright]

On Mon 02 May 2022 at 21:10:18 (-0300), riveravaldez wrote:
> On 5/2/22, David Wright  wrote:
> > On Mon 02 May 2022 at 12:26:44 (-0300), riveravaldez wrote:

> But nothing I remember to have created (at least manually).
> 
> > Or has the upgrade tried to revert the system back to a more
> > conventional ifupdown/wpa configuration in some way?
> 
> Maybe, that's one of the things I'm trying to rule out/discard,
> but can't think/know of a way to check it.

I don't think that's the main issue. But see below.

> If the USB-port makes an unstable contact, could that connect/
> /disconnect make the system assign new name to the dongle in
> each iteration? (Just an idea...)

I suppose so. That would presumably be done by the kernel and
USB driver. I have flaky USB (and HDMI, and power) ports on
one laptop. The power cable has to be tucked under it so that
it imparts a torque to maintain contact (the battery is shot).
The HDMI doesn't matter too much; I just wiggle it.

For USB sticks, I use an extension cable, also tucked underneath,
but not imparting any torque. It just means the inboard end of
the cable doesn't move when I connect and disconnect things at
the outboard end.

That might work for a wifi dongle; after all, some people have
to use a socket extender to improve the radio signal behaviour.

> >> may 02 10:35:08 debian dhclient[6067]: Failed to get interface index:
> >> No such device

> >> Tried renaming the interface with:
> >>
> >> $ sudo ip link set wlan1 name wlan0
> >>
> >> But it was unable to connect:

Some time ago I read about iwd on their blog, and it talked about
the redundancy of interface names when using the index instead.
Or something like that. But memory is hazy as I didn't understand
a lot of it, and the context.

I thought the .link file should prevent all the renaming, as it
uses a wildcard match. But I don't have any experience of this,
nor can I replicate it as using the rfkill switch would not be
a comparable operation. (I have a dongle that used to work with
ndiswrapper, but I think that's gone since 5.x kernels came in.)

I know your configuration is a little more complex (hybrid) than
mine, as you posted it here a few months ago. You were using:

  allow-hotplug wlan4
  iface wlan4 inet dhcp

if your /e/n/i file rather than using iwd's built-in DHCP client.
I wonder whether some of the problem is caused by hotplug being
fooled by the reconnection into trying to redo the DHCP, which
could cause the old lease to be "stopped" (I don't know the jargon).

Is it possible that iwd could sail through the interruptions,
perhaps even /because/ it locks onto the index/interface name,
but for the hotplug actions screwing things up. I don't know.

As for my configuration, I've now settled on iwd+openresolv,
controlled by systemd-networkd/systemd-resolved. Perhaps it's
time I reposted it. Not that it will solve your underlying
connection problem, unfortunately.

Cheers,
David.

Re: [SOLVED] Re: One-user system.

[David Wright]

On Fri 06 May 2022 at 09:24:35 (-0700), pe...@easthope.ca wrote:
> From: David Wright 
> Date: Wed, 2 Feb 2022 11:08:28 -0600
> > I can't understand this. 

I'm not sure why you quoted this after three months without any
indication of its referent. What I didn't understand was why you
had to have /root under /home, and indeed, when you later revealed
your partition layout, it looked even less necessary, because you
have /root on a different partition.

> In a freshly installed Debian, /etc/passwd sets the home directory for 
> root at /root. Here /etc/passwd sets the home directory for root at 
> /home/root.  No problem observed.

I wouldn't expect one. There are a whole variety of home directories
specified in /etc/passwd.

> > You may hit snags. Some programs might refuse to run, or do
> > strange things because they're written to distinguish between
> > root and an ordinary user.
> > 
> > But hey, it could be quite exciting, like carrying a cocked
> > revolver tucked into your waistband. One casual typo, one
> > misplaced space, and you can blow away a whole disk.
> 
> Working routinely for about 93 days and I no longer bother to keep 
> fingers crossed.  If reinstallation becomes necessary, tough luck.  
> Just another chore.  

I don't think the number of days has that much influence on whether
you'll get bitten, as the probability distribution is quite likely
to be memoryless. Unless, of course, you're noticing some of your
near-misses, and are becoming adept at avoiding or working around them.

> What I'm doing is similar to using DOS years ago; although DOS 
> predates experience of most people reading now.  If login is used 
> properly, root shouldn't be more vulnerable than any other account. 

That's right, and any old rogue TSR could crash the system, or any old
virus take it over. I ran DOS 3, 5 and 6.22 systems that were very
reliable, but only by restricting in the extreme what I ran on them.

But that doesn't inject any truth into your second statement, and
saying to use login "properly" just begs the question.

> You're welcome to probe my system.  If you find a vulnerability, a 
> post will help or amuse more than me.

No thanks, that just makes me an agent of reckless acts.

> > ... Puppy ...
> 
> Incidentally, OpenBox is here with minimal graphics displayed.
> Most programs start from a terminal.  Puppy is a nice system but 
> the graphical interface is more than I want.

(I didn't express a view on Puppy itself, only two passing references
to others' writing about it. My view on the second was "so what".)

> > ISTR earlier posts where you've run up against permission problems,
> > but IMHO just running as perpetual root is not a sensible answer.
> 
> For years my data was on an SD card reformatted to ext3. When 
> switching to a new SD about a month ago, I decided to leave the 
> factory installed FAT file system.  No problems.  The FAT file system 
> lacks permissions as in ext.
> 
> Motivation to leave FAT: authorities claim the factory format is 
> optimized.

Did you leave out "not"? From which half of the sentence?

Unless you're running your system from a FAT filesystem, I'm not
sure I see a connection between this and solving your earlier
permissions problems (which I admit I barely recollect).

Cheers,
David.

Re: rsync trying to load rdiff-backup

[AC]

On 2022-05-08 18:03, David wrote:

On Mon, 9 May 2022 at 10:53, AC  wrote:

On 2022-05-08 16:45, David wrote:

On Mon, 9 May 2022 at 07:24, AC  wrote:



Now here's a new discovery on the machines having problems: as a normal
user I can rsync just fine to a remote machine.  But if I'm using rsync
as root to send a backup to a remote machine, I get the rdiff-backup
problem.  The other machines have no issues whether I'm a regular user
or root.


Ok. In that case, I would run again the check commands I gave, but this
time as root, just to see if there is any difference.

I don't know the cause of your problem, but these commands are useful
investigation to reveal what "rsync" means when the particular user runs
that command.


All of my tests were done as root already.  They all matched.

Re: email lacks sender address (SOLVED)

[Charles Curley]

On Sun, 8 May 2022 19:42:57 -0500
David Wright  wrote:

> I'm really not sure who, and under what circumstances,
> hostnamectl is for.

Nor am I, especially after this. According to apt-file, it is in the
package systemd.

> I ran:
> 
> # hostnamectl set-hostname acerx
> 
> and /etc/hostname was changed, but not /etc/hosts, which still had:
> 
> 127.0.1.1   acer.corp   acer

I confirm this. I guess I missed it due to rarely referring to a
computer by its hostname, but instead by localhost. Sigh. Thanks for
the catch. It looks like I shall have to adjust my installation scripts.

> 
> and also not /etc/mailname. I'm not saying it should have affected
> those occurrences, but that it's better to check you have the
> correct, consistent name throughout the system.

Odd. On the two boxes I used hostnamectl on, mailname is set correctly.
However, I ran it on installation, and may have fixed that manually
(but there's no backup file), or by installing postfix subsequently.

> 
> It's also not clear to me either, where one might insert this command
> so that it takes effect early enough to avoid polluting the system
> with wrong names. (The logs, for one example.)

I run it in a script that I run manually immediately after installation.

> 
> > > Whats I didn't check  was what my router took to be my host name. 
> > > It did not reponse to my changed host name and I had to do it
> > > manually in the router. Doing do seems to have solved my problem.
> > >  
> 
> It would seem then that you were letting DHCP in the router set your
> hostname as well as the usual IP address, nameservers etc, which
> could be unfortunate if it doesn't agree. How you avoid that depends
> ….

Yup. However I make sure they agree by assigning most hosts a "host"
statement in dhcpd.conf, and assigning a fixed IP address to a given MAC
address, and then having dhcpd feed that to bind9.

-- 
Does anybody read signatures any more?

https://charlescurley.com
https://charlescurley.com/blog/

Re: rsync trying to load rdiff-backup

[David]

On Mon, 9 May 2022 at 10:53, AC  wrote:
> On 2022-05-08 16:45, David wrote:
> > On Mon, 9 May 2022 at 07:24, AC  wrote:

> Now here's a new discovery on the machines having problems: as a normal
> user I can rsync just fine to a remote machine.  But if I'm using rsync
> as root to send a backup to a remote machine, I get the rdiff-backup
> problem.  The other machines have no issues whether I'm a regular user
> or root.

Ok. In that case, I would run again the check commands I gave, but this
time as root, just to see if there is any difference.

I don't know the cause of your problem, but these commands are useful
investigation to reveal what "rsync" means when the particular user runs
that command.

Re: rsync trying to load rdiff-backup

[AC]

On 2022-05-08 16:45, David wrote:

On Mon, 9 May 2022 at 07:24, AC  wrote:


Due to some version mismatch issues I'm trying to switch over to rsync
from rdiff-backup for backing up some files on my systems.

On most of them this has worked with no issue but I have one system that
appears to be trying to load rdiff-backup whenever I run rsync:

root:~# /usr/bin/rsync testfile u...@remote.host:testfile
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/rdiff-backup", line 20, in 
  import rdiff_backup.Main
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'rdiff_backup'
rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (0 bytes received so far) [sender]
rsync error: error in rsync protocol data stream (code 12) at io.c(235)
[sender=3.1.3]

I don't understand why it's trying to load rdiff-backup, the traceback
is a giveaway that it's running Python but I explicitly called out the
path to rsync and I know it's not a python script:

root:~# less /usr/bin/rsync
"/usr/bin/rsync" may be a binary file.  See it anyway?
^?ELF^A^A^A^@^@^

This is all happening on Buster but I have three other Buster systems
that ran with rdiff-backup and I can run rsync fine on them without
rdiff-backup running.  What's the deal here?


Hi, answering this might require knowledge of rdiff-backup, which I
don't have. But the first thing I would check is to compare the
/usr/bin/rsync file on the bad system with a good system.

Do you get the same output as my four commands below?

$ cat /etc/debian_version
11.3
$ rsync --version
rsync  version 3.2.3  protocol version 31
[...extra output elided...]
$ type rsync
rsync is hashed (/usr/bin/rsync)
$ md5sum /usr/bin/rsync
b09b45b5eb0ff5275805aadff1d0ed86  /usr/bin/rsync
$




Comparing the broken system with a good system:
debian_version matches: 10.12
rsync --version matches: rsync  version 3.1.3  protocol version 31
type matches: rsync is hashed (/usr/bin/rsync)
md5sum matches: 400d9c7e740e1ba06ebf779a7a10fc00  /usr/bin/rsync

As far as I can tell everything is identical but it seems that starting 
the rsync command somehow there is something intercepting and 
redirecting to execute rdiff-backup.



I went and compared all of my systems which had rdiff-backup installed. 
 All of them are Buster varying between 10.11 and 10.12 and a mix of 
them are having the same problem.  Three of the machines are 10.11, two 
work fine and the other is trying to look for rdiff-backup when running 
rsync.  The others are 10.12 with a similar issue, all of them are 
working except for one.  All the machines share similar configurations, 
usually a vanilla installation (no desktop environment) followed by 
whatever services each one needs (e.g. mail, ssh, etc.) and for 
something like backup they would all share the same configuration 
because they all run their backups to the same server.



Now here's a new discovery on the machines having problems: as a normal 
user I can rsync just fine to a remote machine.  But if I'm using rsync 
as root to send a backup to a remote machine, I get the rdiff-backup 
problem.  The other machines have no issues whether I'm a regular user 
or root.  What would change the behavior of a root user versus a regular 
user?

Re: email lacks sender address (SOLVED)

[David Wright]

On Sun 08 May 2022 at 11:08:08 (-0600), Charles Curley wrote:
> On Sun, 8 May 2022 12:07:00 -0400
> Haines Brown  wrote:
> 
> > When I installed the operating systme, the host name some how at a 
> > numvber appended. I inteded to have nost name lenin, but it ended up 
> > lenin-16. When I discovred that afer installation I corrrected the
> > host name in /etc/hsots and /etc/hostname. 
> 
> Systemd provides a program for setting the host name, called, oddly
> enough, hostnamectl. It may do other things you might have missed.
> 
> I doubt it would have affected your router, though.

I'm really not sure who, and under what circumstances,
hostnamectl is for. I ran:

# hostnamectl set-hostname acerx

and /etc/hostname was changed, but not /etc/hosts, which still had:

127.0.1.1   acer.corp   acer

and also not /etc/mailname. I'm not saying it should have affected
those occurrences, but that it's better to check you have the
correct, consistent name throughout the system.

It's also not clear to me either, where one might insert this command
so that it takes effect early enough to avoid polluting the system
with wrong names. (The logs, for one example.)

> > Whats I didn't check  was what my router took to be my host name. 
> > It did not reponse to my changed host name and I had to do it manually 
> > in the router. Doing do seems to have solved my problem.

It would seem then that you were letting DHCP in the router set your
hostname as well as the usual IP address, nameservers etc, which
could be unfortunate if it doesn't agree. How you avoid that depends ….

Cheers,
David.

Re: fstab problem [FIXED]

[David Wright]

On Mon 09 May 2022 at 09:34:56 (+1000), David wrote:

> The only reason to that =defaults exists is so that
> a non-default value can be specified for either  or ,
> while not specifying any non-default .
> 
> Because there can't be a fifth or sixth column unless there is
> also a fourth column. "defaults" is just a dummy value for the
> fourth column.
> 
> Using "defaults 0 0" is specifying default value for all three
> of , , and .
> 
> In that situation, they can all be omitted.

I think a jolly good default for field 4 is errors=remount-ro,
which I use everywhere (bar /dev/sr0), even where it results
in the tautological, but harmless, ro,errors=remount-ro.

Cheers,
David.

Re: rsync trying to load rdiff-backup

[David]

On Mon, 9 May 2022 at 07:24, AC  wrote:
>
> Due to some version mismatch issues I'm trying to switch over to rsync
> from rdiff-backup for backing up some files on my systems.
>
> On most of them this has worked with no issue but I have one system that
> appears to be trying to load rdiff-backup whenever I run rsync:
>
> root:~# /usr/bin/rsync testfile u...@remote.host:testfile
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>File "/usr/bin/rdiff-backup", line 20, in 
>  import rdiff_backup.Main
> ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'rdiff_backup'
> rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (0 bytes received so far) [sender]
> rsync error: error in rsync protocol data stream (code 12) at io.c(235)
> [sender=3.1.3]
>
> I don't understand why it's trying to load rdiff-backup, the traceback
> is a giveaway that it's running Python but I explicitly called out the
> path to rsync and I know it's not a python script:
>
> root:~# less /usr/bin/rsync
> "/usr/bin/rsync" may be a binary file.  See it anyway?
> ^?ELF^A^A^A^@^@^
>
> This is all happening on Buster but I have three other Buster systems
> that ran with rdiff-backup and I can run rsync fine on them without
> rdiff-backup running.  What's the deal here?

Hi, answering this might require knowledge of rdiff-backup, which I
don't have. But the first thing I would check is to compare the
/usr/bin/rsync file on the bad system with a good system.

Do you get the same output as my four commands below?

$ cat /etc/debian_version
11.3
$ rsync --version
rsync  version 3.2.3  protocol version 31
[...extra output elided...]
$ type rsync
rsync is hashed (/usr/bin/rsync)
$ md5sum /usr/bin/rsync
b09b45b5eb0ff5275805aadff1d0ed86  /usr/bin/rsync
$

Re: fstab problem [FIXED]

[David]

On Mon, 9 May 2022 at 05:30, ghe2001  wrote:

> The fstab:
> #   
>  

On Mon, 9 May 2022 at 08:00, ghe2001  wrote:

> > My bad -- default options is spelled 'defaults'.
> >
> > UUID=301d6d6d-6782-4be3-b979-0cb595ef1a48 /backupDisk ext4 defaults 0 0
>
> Well, damned if it didn't work.  And I had all of my non-root fstab entries 
> with singular defaults too.  Thanks vastly, David.

The only reason to that =defaults exists is so that
a non-default value can be specified for either  or ,
while not specifying any non-default .

Because there can't be a fifth or sixth column unless there is
also a fourth column. "defaults" is just a dummy value for the
fourth column.

Using "defaults 0 0" is specifying default value for all three
of , , and .

In that situation, they can all be omitted.

Re: Networking pb

[Hussein Yahia]

Hi Charles,

Thank you for quick answering me. 

I'm going to guess that this is a simple network, such as a home,
> with
> just the two computers on it.

Yes !

> What exactly do you mean by "connect"? SSH? ping? If you mean via
> SMB,
> that suggests you successfully set the Linux computer up as an SMB
> server. Did you?

I don't remeber to have installed smb on my Linux. I just downloaded
the packages. On the mac, I click on the Linux Desktop'name, (which
appears in any window), a window appears, I can login in the Desktop
Linux with my name and password, and I see my files, when I'm on the
mac.

> When you go to what "Network" directory? How do you go to it? Is this
> in the GUI or command line? What GUI are you using? XFCE? Gnome? KDE?
I have Gnome only only on the Linux desktop. You see, the is a
"Network" in the GUI, I expect the mac to appear here. 

Thank you for your time !

Cheers

hussein



Le dimanche 08 mai 2022 à 16:52 -0600, Charles Curley a écrit :
> On Sun, 08 May 2022 23:58:28 +0200
> Hussein Yahia  wrote:
> 
> > I'm new to Linux, sorry if my question is naive.
> 
> Your question isn't naive. But we need a lot more information from
> you
> in order to help you.
> 
> Some of it may be obtained by executing command line commands we
> provide. Open a terminal, copy and paste the command into the
> terminal.
> When you have the results, copy and paste from the terminal to your
> reply email, and include the command line prompt and the one that
> follows the command's output.
> 
> Also, be aware that SMB is a complicate mess of a protocol, and has
> lots op options. For that reason, SMB clients and servers such as
> Samba
> are not easy to configure.
> 
> > I just installed debian 11 on my computer. It's wire-connected to
> > internet. I have another computer, a mac, which is connected
> > through
> > wifi.
> 
> I'm going to guess that this is a simple network, such as a home,
> with
> just the two computers on it.
> 
> > 
> > I can connect from my mac to the Linux desktop.
> 
> What exactly do you mean by "connect"? SSH? ping? If you mean via
> SMB,
> that suggests you successfully set the Linux computer up as an SMB
> server. Did you?
> 
> > But I can't connect
> > from the Linux to the mac: when I go in the "Network" directory,
> > the
> > mac does not appear. I installed smb on the Linux desktop.
> 
> When you go to what "Network" directory? How do you go to it? Is this
> in the GUI or command line? What GUI are you using? XFCE? Gnome? KDE?
> 
> I'm going to guess that you have a file manger open, and it has a
> "Network" option, and that when you select it, you are suppose to get
> a
> list of local SMB servers. Unless you know that the Mac is also an
> SMB
> server you should not expect to see it. If my earlier guess is
> correct,
> and the Linux box is an SMB server, do you see the Linux box in that
> window?
> 
> 
> 
> 

Re: fstab problem [FIXED]

[ghe2001]

-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
Hash: SHA256





--- Original Message ---
On Sunday, May 8th, 2022 at 4:57 PM, David Wright  
wrote:

> My proof reading of the options was obviously worse than your
> pasting of the UUID (I thought you might have accidentally
> chosen to use the PARTUUID).
>
> But I get the same failure from "default" whether I use
> /dev/sdX, UUID, or LABEL. And lest systemd is involved,
> I followed all my fstab changes with:
> # systemctl daemon-reload.
> So I don't know where your:
>
> /dev/sde1 /backupDisk ext4 default 0 0
>
> came from.

Nor do I, but I'm suspecting bewilderment :-)

--
Glenn English

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Re: fstab problem [FIXED]

[David Wright]

On Sun 08 May 2022 at 22:00:23 (+), ghe2001 wrote:
> On Sunday, May 8th, 2022 at 3:51 PM, David Christensen 
>  wrote:
> 
> > My bad -- default options is spelled 'defaults'.
> >
> > UUID=301d6d6d-6782-4be3-b979-0cb595ef1a48 /backupDisk ext4 defaults 0 0
> 
> Well, damned if it didn't work.  And I had all of my non-root fstab entries 
> with singular defaults too.

My proof reading of the options was obviously worse than your
pasting of the UUID (I thought you might have accidentally
chosen to use the PARTUUID).

But I get the same failure from "default" whether I use
/dev/sdX, UUID, or LABEL. And lest systemd is involved,
I followed all my fstab changes with:
# systemctl daemon-reload.
So I don't know where your:

/dev/sde1   /backupDisk ext4default 
0   0

came from.

Cheers,
David.

Re: Networking pb

[Charles Curley]

On Sun, 08 May 2022 23:58:28 +0200
Hussein Yahia  wrote:

> I'm new to Linux, sorry if my question is naive.

Your question isn't naive. But we need a lot more information from you
in order to help you.

Some of it may be obtained by executing command line commands we
provide. Open a terminal, copy and paste the command into the terminal.
When you have the results, copy and paste from the terminal to your
reply email, and include the command line prompt and the one that
follows the command's output.

Also, be aware that SMB is a complicate mess of a protocol, and has
lots op options. For that reason, SMB clients and servers such as Samba
are not easy to configure.

> I just installed debian 11 on my computer. It's wire-connected to
> internet. I have another computer, a mac, which is connected through
> wifi.

I'm going to guess that this is a simple network, such as a home, with
just the two computers on it.

> 
> I can connect from my mac to the Linux desktop.

What exactly do you mean by "connect"? SSH? ping? If you mean via SMB,
that suggests you successfully set the Linux computer up as an SMB
server. Did you?

> But I can't connect
> from the Linux to the mac: when I go in the "Network" directory, the
> mac does not appear. I installed smb on the Linux desktop.

When you go to what "Network" directory? How do you go to it? Is this
in the GUI or command line? What GUI are you using? XFCE? Gnome? KDE?

I'm going to guess that you have a file manger open, and it has a
"Network" option, and that when you select it, you are suppose to get a
list of local SMB servers. Unless you know that the Mac is also an SMB
server you should not expect to see it. If my earlier guess is correct,
and the Linux box is an SMB server, do you see the Linux box in that
window?




-- 
Does anybody read signatures any more?

https://charlescurley.com
https://charlescurley.com/blog/

Networking pb

[Hussein Yahia]

Hi,
I'm new to Linux, sorry if my question is naive.
I just installed debian 11 on my computer. It's wire-connected to
internet. I have another computer, a mac, which is connected through
wifi.

I can connect from my mac to the Linux desktop. But I can't connect
from the Linux to the mac: when I go in the "Network" directory, the
mac does not appear. I installed smb on the Linux desktop.

Can you help me on that ? 

Thanks !

hussein

Re: fstab problem [FIXED]

[ghe2001]

-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
Hash: SHA256






--- Original Message ---
On Sunday, May 8th, 2022 at 3:51 PM, David Christensen 
 wrote:

> My bad -- default options is spelled 'defaults'.
>
> UUID=301d6d6d-6782-4be3-b979-0cb595ef1a48 /backupDisk ext4 defaults 0 0

Well, damned if it didn't work.  And I had all of my non-root fstab entries 
with singular defaults too.  Thanks vastly, David.

--
Glenn English

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Re: fstab problem

[David Christensen]

On 5/8/22 14:25, ghe2001 wrote:




--- Original Message ---
On Sunday, May 8th, 2022 at 3:11 PM, David Christensen 
 wrote:


What happens if you put the following into /etc/fstab?



UUID=301d6d6d-6782-4be3-b979-0cb595ef1a48 /backupDisk ext4 default 0 0


"wrong fs type..."  Like before when it was tabs instead of spaces.



My bad -- default options is spelled 'defaults'.

UUID=301d6d6d-6782-4be3-b979-0cb595ef1a48 /backupDisk ext4 defaults 0 0


David

Re: fstab problem

[ghe2001]

-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
Hash: SHA256





--- Original Message ---
On Sunday, May 8th, 2022 at 3:31 PM, Greg Wooledge  wrote:

> Is it possible that ext4 is the wrong file system type for that partition?

Nope, unless gparted is bent -- just looked.

--
Glenn English

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Re: fstab problem

[Greg Wooledge]

On Sun, May 08, 2022 at 09:25:21PM +, ghe2001 wrote:
> On Sunday, May 8th, 2022 at 3:11 PM, David Christensen 
>  wrote:
> 
> > What happens if you put the following into /etc/fstab?
> >
> > UUID=301d6d6d-6782-4be3-b979-0cb595ef1a48 /backupDisk ext4 default 0 0
> 
> "wrong fs type..."  Like before when it was tabs instead of spaces.

Is it possible that ext4 is the wrong file system type for that partition?

Re: fstab problem

[ghe2001]

-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
Hash: SHA256




--- Original Message ---
On Sunday, May 8th, 2022 at 3:11 PM, David Christensen 
 wrote:

> What happens if you put the following into /etc/fstab?
>
> UUID=301d6d6d-6782-4be3-b979-0cb595ef1a48 /backupDisk ext4 default 0 0

"wrong fs type..."  Like before when it was tabs instead of spaces.

--
Glenn English

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rsync trying to load rdiff-backup

[AC]

Due to some version mismatch issues I'm trying to switch over to rsync 
from rdiff-backup for backing up some files on my systems.


On most of them this has worked with no issue but I have one system that 
appears to be trying to load rdiff-backup whenever I run rsync:


root:~# /usr/bin/rsync testfile u...@remote.host:testfile
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/rdiff-backup", line 20, in 
import rdiff_backup.Main
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'rdiff_backup'
rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (0 bytes received so far) [sender]
rsync error: error in rsync protocol data stream (code 12) at io.c(235) 
[sender=3.1.3]



I don't understand why it's trying to load rdiff-backup, the traceback 
is a giveaway that it's running Python but I explicitly called out the 
path to rsync and I know it's not a python script:


root:~# less /usr/bin/rsync
"/usr/bin/rsync" may be a binary file.  See it anyway?
^?ELF^A^A^A^@^@^

This is all happening on Buster but I have three other Buster systems 
that ran with rdiff-backup and I can run rsync fine on them without 
rdiff-backup running.  What's the deal here?

Re: fstab problem

[ghe2001]

-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
Hash: SHA256






--- Original Message ---
On Sunday, May 8th, 2022 at 2:09 PM, Kamil Jońca  wrote:



> > UUID=301d6d6d-6782-4be3-b979-0cb595ef1a48 /backupDisk ext4 default 1 1
>
>
> Are you sure you have good uuid here?

Yes.  Read it a few times.

> I would check if you have proper white characters in line - sometimes
> when copying from web pages I got "unicode spaces" (different from 0x9
> and 0x20)

Done and all OK.  hexedit showed a few spaces that should have been tabs -- 
fixed.  Thanks for the hint, but no Unicode found.

--
Glenn English

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Re: fstab problem

[David Christensen]

On 5/8/22 12:13, ghe2001 wrote:

Supermicro workstation, Debian Buster

Mounting disks isn't working with UUIDs. At boot or manually mounting:

UUID=301d6d6d-6782-4be3-b979-0cb595ef1a48   /backupDisk ext4default 
1   1

says:

mount: /backupDisk: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sde1, 
missing codepage or helper program, or other error.



What happens if you put the following into /etc/fstab?

UUID=301d6d6d-6782-4be3-b979-0cb595ef1a48 /backupDisk ext4 default 0 0


David

Re: fstab problem

[ghe2001]

-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
Hash: SHA256





--- Original Message ---
On Sunday, May 8th, 2022 at 2:35 PM, David Wright  
wrote:


> On Sun 08 May 2022 at 15:46:39 (-0400), Felix Miata wrote:
>
> > ghe2001 composed on 2022-05-08 19:13 (UTC):
> >
> > > #  
> > > ...
> > > Any ideas??
> >

> I don't see any effect of having the extra "1" fields on mounting.

I don't either, which is why I didn't remove them.  I just changed them to 
zeros, just so there'll be something there ... I just tried 'mount /backupDisk' 
again (with the zeros), and there's no difference.

> But I would like to see the output from:
>
> $ ls -l /dev/disk/*/301d6d6d-6782-4be3-b979-0cb595ef1a48

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 May  8 12:10 
/dev/disk/by-uuid/301d6d6d-6782-4be3-b979-0cb595ef1a48 -> ../../sde1

(The UUID's the same as in fstab.)

--
Glenn English

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Re: fstab problem

[David Wright]

On Sun 08 May 2022 at 15:46:39 (-0400), Felix Miata wrote:
> ghe2001 composed on 2022-05-08 19:13 (UTC):
> 
> > #  
> ...
> > Any ideas??
> 
> The only fstab line where 1 belongs in the pass column is the / filesystem. 
> The
> rest should be 0 or 2. The dump column should be 0 unless you need that 
> filesystem
> dumped. Most configurations don't need dumped.

I don't see any effect of having the extra "1" fields on mounting.
BTW I trim off any 0 in the last field, which basically means that
a final 0 0 can be omitted, as it's the default. Less cluttered.

But I would like to see the output from:

$ ls -l /dev/disk/*/301d6d6d-6782-4be3-b979-0cb595ef1a48

If nothing is produced, then try the following:

$ ls -lR /dev/disk | grep sde1

Some people might like to obfuscate (or remove) the line that
contains the model name and serial number of the disk.

Cheers,
David.

Re: fstab problem

[Kamil Jońca]

ghe2001  writes:

> Supermicro workstation, Debian Buster
>
> Mounting disks isn't working with UUIDs. At boot or manually mounting:
SOA#1

--8<---cut here---start->8---
$ grep UUID /etc/fstab
UUID=a967fe27-9c42-4442-b71a-74b2c43c68be   /boot ext4 
defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 2
$sudo mount /boot/
$mount |grep boot
/dev/md2 on /boot type ext4 (rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro)
--8<---cut here---end--->8---

I have this for a quite long time. 
>
> UUID=301d6d6d-6782-4be3-b979-0cb595ef1a48 /backupDisk ext4default 
> 1   1

Are you sure you have good uuid here? 

>
> says:
>
> mount: /backupDisk: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sde1, 
> missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
>
> Both mountings work fine with:
>
> /dev/sde1 /backupDisk ext4default 
> 0   0
>
> The UUID line was copied from "https://wiki.debian.org/fstab; -- and
I would check if you have proper white characters in line - sometimes
when copying from web pages I got "unicode spaces" (different from 0x9
and 0x20) 

KJ


-- 
http://stopstopnop.pl/stop_stopnop.pl_o_nas.html

Re: fstab problem

[Felix Miata]

ghe2001 composed on 2022-05-08 19:13 (UTC):

> #
...
> Any ideas??

The only fstab line where 1 belongs in the pass column is the / filesystem. The
rest should be 0 or 2. The dump column should be 0 unless you need that 
filesystem
dumped. Most configurations don't need dumped.
-- 
Evolution as taught in public schools is, like religion,
based on faith, not based on science.

 Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks!

Felix Miata

fstab problem

[ghe2001]

-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
Hash: SHA256

Supermicro workstation, Debian Buster

Mounting disks isn't working with UUIDs. At boot or manually mounting:

UUID=301d6d6d-6782-4be3-b979-0cb595ef1a48   /backupDisk ext4default 
1   1

says:

mount: /backupDisk: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sde1, 
missing codepage or helper program, or other error.

Both mountings work fine with:

/dev/sde1   /backupDisk ext4default 
0   0

The UUID line was copied from "https://wiki.debian.org/fstab; -- and changed a 
little (the 1s in the line are from the website).  The sd line is what I've 
been using for years.

The fstab:

#   
 
# / was on /dev/md0p1 during installation
# root drive (RAID /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdc1)
/dev/md0p1  /   ext4
errors=remount-ro   0   1
# misc
# UUID=2e7a5901-597e-4ea2-92fb-614d07280b20 /blackHole  ext4default 
0   0
# UUID=4e88a5ab-0a0a-491c-ac00-e9d20b66fba7 /mntext4default 
0   0
# backup disk
UUID=301d6d6d-6782-4be3-b979-0cb595ef1a48   /backupDisk ext4default 
1   1
### /dev/sde1   /backupDisk ext4default 
0   0
# cd drive
/dev/sr0/media/cdrom0   udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0   0

The manual 'mount /backupDisk' works with the sd version.  It gives the same 
error using the UUID id.

I've used the UUID version before, on Buster, and I swear it worked.  Any 
ideas??

--
Glenn English
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Re: Partage d'imprimante USB sur le réseau local

[didier gaumet]

Le dimanche 08 mai 2022 à 14:56 +0200, Bernard Schoenacker a écrit :
> 
> Bonjour,
> 
> La réponse se trouve dans /etc/services et que le port 631 n'a rien à
> faire 
> dans cette histoire...
> 
> grep spooler /etc/services
> 
> Printer 515/tcp spooler # line printer
> spooler
> 
> 
> Documentation :
> 
>  https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/samba-print-server
> 
> https://www.samba.org/samba/docs/using_samba/ch10.html
> 
> https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/Setting_up_Samba_as_a_Print_Server
> 
> 
> Merci pour votre aimable attention
> 
> Bien à vous
> 
> Bernard

Je vais avouer sans vergogne que je n'y connais rien mais il n'est
jamais trop tard pour apprendre.

En gros, suis-je dans le vrai si je comprends ce qui suit:
- si les clients sont des unix-like, on peut se passer de toute la
couche CIFS/Samba/Lpd et l'imprimante est détectée depuis les clients
comme une imprimante réseau CUPS via le port 631?
- si il y a des clients Windows (seuls ou en plus des unix-like) ou si
on veut faire comme ça, sur le poste auquel est relié en USB
l'imprimante, on configure un serveur CIFS/Samba avec une imprimante
qui est détectée par les clients comme une imprimante Lpd sur le port
515? Mais y a-t-il des bouts de CIFS/Samba à configurer sur les clients
unix-like ou ne voient-ils qu'une pure imprimante réseau Lpd (je
suppose que oui)? 

pour ma culture perso, même si vu ma distraction, y a des chances pour
que j'oublie assez vite ;-)

Re: email lacks sender address (SOLVED)

[Charles Curley]

On Sun, 8 May 2022 12:07:00 -0400
Haines Brown  wrote:

> When I installed the operating systme, the host name some how at a 
> numvber appended. I inteded to have nost name lenin, but it ended up 
> lenin-16. When I discovred that afer installation I corrrected the
> host name in /etc/hsots and /etc/hostname. 

Systemd provides a program for setting the host name, called, oddly
enough, hostnamectl. It may do other things you might have missed.

I doubt it would have affected your router, though.

-- 
Does anybody read signatures any more?

https://charlescurley.com
https://charlescurley.com/blog/

Re: Alternatives to ISC dhcp-client ?

[john doe]

On 5/8/2022 6:33 PM, Kamil Jońca wrote:

Kamil Jońca  writes:

[...]


But systemd-networkd also has a huge number of configuration options
that may do what you want anyway

https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html


Hm. Can you create bridge without ports with systemd-networkd?
i.e.



Another question. Can I pass option during interface up/down?
For example, in my if-up*/if-down* scripts I have code for replacing (or
not!) default route when needed.[1]

Then I can execute something like:

--8<---cut here---start->8---
ifup wlan0 -o replacedefaultroute=on
--8<---cut here---end--->8---

how I can achieve this with networkctl (or other systemd tool)?

Moreover https://gitlab.com/craftyguy/networkd-dispatcher/-/issues/61
So my migration probes are not very promising :/

I take into account that I have some habits and some thing should be
done completely different way[2]. But for now I even don't know if some
things can be achieved.



You might be better off asking this on the appropriate mailing list! :)

--
John Doe

Re: Partage d'imprimante USB sur le réseau local

[Haricophile]

Le Sun, 08 May 2022 14:06:25 +0200,
didier gaumet  a écrit :

> Mais je pense quand même, et une rapide recherche semble le confirmer,
> que le port 631 doit être ouvert des deux côtés pour les
> communications entre le serveur et les clients dans ce cas (serveur
> CUPS avec imprimante locale USB et clients réseau local). Un moyen
> simple de vérifier est de temporairement (juste le temps du test)
> désactiver tout pare-feu (client et serveur)

Je confirme, et regarder les logs du pare-feu est quand même un bon
moyen de voir quel ports devraient être ouverts, selon la configuration
utilisée (lpd, cups, HPjetdirect, samba, IP...)

Re: Alternatives to ISC dhcp-client ?

[Kamil Jońca]

Kamil Jońca  writes:

[...]
>>
>> But systemd-networkd also has a huge number of configuration options
>> that may do what you want anyway
>>
>> https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html
>
> Hm. Can you create bridge without ports with systemd-networkd?
> i.e.
>

Another question. Can I pass option during interface up/down?
For example, in my if-up*/if-down* scripts I have code for replacing (or
not!) default route when needed.[1]

Then I can execute something like:

--8<---cut here---start->8---
ifup wlan0 -o replacedefaultroute=on
--8<---cut here---end--->8---

how I can achieve this with networkctl (or other systemd tool)?

Moreover https://gitlab.com/craftyguy/networkd-dispatcher/-/issues/61
So my migration probes are not very promising :/

I take into account that I have some habits and some thing should be
done completely different way[2]. But for now I even don't know if some
things can be achieved. 

KJ
[1]
in man systemd.network
I found
--8<---cut here---start->8---
[DHCPV4]
UseRoutes=
--8<---cut here---end--->8---
but I am not sure if this is about default routes or only classless
static routes

[2] - I had to spent some time to "properly" translate my iptables
rules/scripts to nftables ones (using sets and maps instead simple
iptables -I ... nad iptables -D ... command). 


-- 
http://stopstopnop.pl/stop_stopnop.pl_o_nas.html

Re: Alternatives to ISC dhcp-client ?

[Michael Stone]

On Sun, May 08, 2022 at 04:09:27PM +0200, Oliver Schoede wrote:

Alternatively there's dhcpcd5,


Be careful with this one unless you have a simple network 
configuration--by default it will attempt to get addresses on all 
interfaces that don't have them, not only ones you set to dhcp in 
/etc/network/interfaces

Re: email lacks sender address (SOLVED)

[Haines Brown]

I appreciate tbe rich reponses to my question. I  believe I found the 
answer. Not sure but at least the messages I've been sending now get 
to ter recipients

When I installed the operating systme, the host name some how at a 
numvber appended. I inteded to have nost name lenin, but it ended up 
lenin-16. When I discovred that afer installation I corrrected the
host name in /etc/hsots and /etc/hostname. 

Whats I didn't check  was what my router took to be my host name. 
It did not reponse to my changed host name and I had to do it manually 
in the router. Doing do seems to have solved my problem.

Re: Traduction ?

[Haricophile]

Le Sun, 8 May 2022 02:21:08 +0200 (CEST),
k6dedi...@free.fr a écrit :

> Bonjour,
> Pour traduire, avez-vous essayé
> https://www.deepl.com/translator
> Cette plateforme est plus appréciable que Bing.
> 
> Bon courage
> Cassis

Je n'ai pas l'impression que ça réponde à la question de départ. 
Je pense que pour les message comme pour la doc, c'est effectivement
debian-l10n-fre...@lists.debian.org et il y a des contraintes avec une
vraie volonté d'unification du vocabulaire.

Concernant Deepl je suis assez moyennement convaincu. Ça dépend de la
langue (choix limité) et du style de texte que tu traduit.

Personnellement, je change de traducteurs selon les langues et ce que je
traduis, et utilise plusieurs pour croiser les résultats quand ça
coince.

Tous ces traducteurs sont une aide importante et précieuse, mais
c'est très loin d'offrir une bonne traduction, surtout quand on sort de
l'Anglais courant. C'est peut-être aussi que je fais traduire des
choses dans une langue un peu plus sophistiquée que des articles de
journaux.

Je suis aussi souvent obligé de découper le texte pour obtenir une
traduction. Quand il y a 5 mots un peu délicats à traduire, les 5 mots
peuvent donner un résultat non traduit ou mauvais, 2+3 mots donner un
résultat, et 3+2 mots un autre. C'est assez rare que je ne sois pas
obligé de sortir aussi le dictionnaire. 

D'ailleurs j'utilise souvent Reverso.net est pas mal pour ça
car il offre dictionnaire et un traducteur avec pleins de phrases en
exemple, ce dernier point étant très précieux pour éviter les
confusions de mots. Le contexte d'un mot ou d'une recherche de mot,
c'est primordial.

Re: Alternatives to ISC dhcp-client ?

[Oliver Schoede]

On Sun, 8 May 2022 09:20:25 -0400
Dan Ritter  wrote:

> Stefan Monnier wrote: 
> > Rick Thomas [2022-05-07 19:47:57] wrote:
> > > According to the ISC webpage:
> > >> ISC has ended development on the ISC DHCP client as of early
> > >> 2022. This client implementation is no longer maintained and
> > >> should not be used in production any longer.
> > > Can anybody recommend a good replacement?
> > 
> > Depends on your needs, but `busybox` provides a dhcp client that's
> > good enough for the most common situations.
> 
> 
> The package name is udhcpc.
> 
> -dsr-
> 

Right, it's not (yet?) tagged for provides/dhcp-client but at home
would probably do the trick for me, too. Alternatively there's dhcpcd5,
which is tagged and also specifically mentioned on the ISC's eom-page,
though apparently a much broader solution. I'll be using the
legacy one until it's actually removed from Debian and then switch to
whatever is recommended, if anything and provided it's not networkd.

Oliver


https://roy.marples.name/projects/dhcpcd

Re: Alternatives to ISC dhcp-client ?

[Dan Ritter]

Stefan Monnier wrote: 
> Rick Thomas [2022-05-07 19:47:57] wrote:
> > According to the ISC webpage:
> >> ISC has ended development on the ISC DHCP client as of early 2022.
> >> This client implementation is no longer maintained and should not be
> >> used in production any longer.
> > Can anybody recommend a good replacement?
> 
> Depends on your needs, but `busybox` provides a dhcp client that's good
> enough for the most common situations.


The package name is udhcpc.

-dsr-

Re: Partage d'imprimante USB sur le réseau local

[Bernard Schoenacker]

- Mail original -
> De: "didier gaumet" 
> À: debian-user-french@lists.debian.org
> Envoyé: Dimanche 8 Mai 2022 14:06:25
> Objet: Re: Partage d'imprimante USB sur le réseau local
> 
> Le dimanche 08 mai 2022 à 12:34 +0200, firenze...@orange.fr a écrit :
> 
> [...]
> 
> Avertissement: le réseau et moi ça fait 2
> 
> Mais je pense quand même, et une rapide recherche semble le
> confirmer,
> que le port 631 doit être ouvert des deux côtés pour les
> communications
> entre le serveur et les clients dans ce cas (serveur CUPS avec
> imprimante locale USB et clients réseau local). Un moyen simple de
> vérifier est de temporairement (juste le temps du test) désactiver
> tout
> pare-feu (client et serveur)
> 

Bonjour,

La réponse se trouve dans /etc/services et que le port 631 n'a rien à faire 
dans cette histoire...

grep spooler /etc/services

Printer 515/tcp spooler # line printer spooler


Documentation :

 https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/samba-print-server

https://www.samba.org/samba/docs/using_samba/ch10.html

https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/Setting_up_Samba_as_a_Print_Server


Merci pour votre aimable attention

Bien à vous

Bernard

Re: Alternatives to ISC dhcp-client ?

[The Wanderer]

On 2022-05-08 at 07:06, Rick Thomas wrote:

> On Sat, May 7, 2022, at 7:47 PM, Rick Thomas wrote:
> 
>> According to the ISC webpage:
>> 
>>> ISC has ended development on the ISC DHCP client as of early
>>> 2022. This client implementation is no longer maintained and
>>> should not be used in production any longer.
>> 
>> Can anybody recommend a good replacement? Does anybody know what
>> the Debian PTBs are planning for this?
>> 
>> Thanks! Rick
> 
> Does anybody know what the Debian developers plan to do about this
> change of policy by ISC?  I have a feeling it's going to be a problem
> that will have to be faced reasonably soon.

I remember reading a discussion on debian-devel recent-ish-ly which
could be relevant. I haven't reviewed it in detail at the moment, but I
think

https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2021/09/msg00407.html

would be a good starting point for anyone who does want to review it.

-- 
   The Wanderer

The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one
persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore all
progress depends on the unreasonable man. -- George Bernard Shaw



signature.asc
Description: OpenPGP digital signature

Re: Partage d'imprimante USB sur le réseau local

[didier gaumet]

Le dimanche 08 mai 2022 à 12:34 +0200, firenze...@orange.fr a écrit :

[...]
> Résultat : Sur l'ordinateur client l'imprimante apparaît bien dans l 
> liste des imprimantes détectées. Mais après l'avoir ajoutée, quand je
> tente l'impression, rien ne se passe.
> 
> Qu'est que j'aurais bien pu oublier ? Est-ce dû au pare-feu ufw 
> ?(Autoriser le port 631 en entrant sur le serveur comme sur le client
> y changera-t-il quelque chose ?).
> 
> Par avance merci pour vos réponses.

Avertissement: le réseau et moi ça fait 2

Mais je pense quand même, et une rapide recherche semble le confirmer,
que le port 631 doit être ouvert des deux côtés pour les communications
entre le serveur et les clients dans ce cas (serveur CUPS avec
imprimante locale USB et clients réseau local). Un moyen simple de
vérifier est de temporairement (juste le temps du test) désactiver tout
pare-feu (client et serveur)

Re: Alternatives to ISC dhcp-client ?

[Rick Thomas]

On Sat, May 7, 2022, at 7:47 PM, Rick Thomas wrote:
> According to the ISC webpage:
>
>> ISC has ended development on the ISC DHCP client as of early 2022.
>> This client implementation is no longer maintained and should not be
>> used in production any longer.
>
> Can anybody recommend a good replacement?
> Does anybody know what the Debian PTBs are planning for this?
>
> Thanks!
> Rick

Does anybody know what the Debian developers plan to do about this change of 
policy by ISC?  I have a feeling it's going to be a problem that will have to 
be faced reasonably soon.

Rick

Partage d'imprimante USB sur le réseau local

[firenze . rt]

Bonjour à tous,

Je voudrais partager une vielle imprimante Canon Ip 4200 entre plusieurs 
ordinateurs sur le réseau local


J'ai donc configuré le serveur cups de la façon suivante dans le fichier 
/etc/cups/printers.conf


# Printer configuration file for CUPS v2.3.3op2
# Written by cupsd
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE WHEN CUPSD IS RUNNING
NextPrinterId 6

PrinterId 3
UUID urn:uuid:e7662484-0794-3d84-70b2-9e9a9b6a8ecc
Info Canon CP900
MakeModel Canon SELPHY CP900 - CUPS+Gutenprint v5.3.3
DeviceURI gutenprint53+usb://canon-cp900/ZF1305291734
State Idle
StateTime 1644084481
ConfigTime 1644075579
Type 4172
Accepting Yes
Shared Yes
JobSheets none none
QuotaPeriod 0
PageLimit 0
KLimit 0
OpPolicy default
ErrorPolicy retry-job
Attribute marker-colors \#00#FF00FF#00
Attribute marker-levels -3
Attribute marker-low-levels 10
Attribute marker-high-levels 100
Attribute marker-message One or more remaining prints on P media
Attribute marker-names P
Attribute marker-types ribbonWax
Attribute marker-change-time 1644084481


PrinterId 5
UUID urn:uuid:25a395e1-ffaa-357f-514e-e1c56d807a29
Info Canon iP4200
Location gondemar
MakeModel Canon iP4200 series - CUPS+Gutenprint v5.3.3
DeviceURI usb://Canon/iP4200?serial=3645AB
State Stopped
StateMessage Unplugged or turned off
StateTime 1651965828
ConfigTime 1651093273
Reason paused
Type 36892
Accepting Yes
Shared Yes
JobSheets none none
QuotaPeriod 0
PageLimit 0
KLimit 0
OpPolicy default
ErrorPolicy retry-job


J'ai ensuite installé samba et réglé comme ci-dessous dans le fichier 
/etc/samba/smb.conf


#
# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.
#
#
# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which
# are not shown in this example
#
# Some options that are often worth tuning have been included as
# commented-out examples in this file.
#  - When such options are commented with ";", the proposed setting
#differs from the default Samba behaviour
#  - When commented with "#", the proposed setting is the default
#behaviour of Samba but the option is considered important
#enough to be mentioned here
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command
# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic
# errors.

#=== Global Settings ===

[global]

## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
   workgroup = WORKGROUP

 Networking 

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
;   interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself.  However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
;   bind interfaces only = yes



 Debugging/Accounting 

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
   log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
   max log size = 1000

# We want Samba to only log to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd}.
# Append syslog@1 if you want important messages to be sent to syslog too.
   logging = file

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
   panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d


### Authentication ###

# Server role. Defines in which mode Samba will operate. Possible
# values are "standalone server", "member server", "classic primary
# domain controller", "classic backup domain controller", "active
# directory domain controller".
#
# Most people will want "standalone server" or "member server".
# Running as "active directory domain controller" will require first
# running "samba-tool domain provision" to wipe databases and create a
# new domain.
   server role = standalone server

   obey pam restrictions = yes

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
   unix password sync = yes

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan 
< for

# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
   passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
   passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n 
*Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .


# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
   pam 

Re: Alternatives to ISC dhcp-client ?

[Kamil Jońca]

Jeremy Ardley  writes:

> On 8/5/22 3:19 pm, Kamil Jońca wrote:
>> I cannot see if systemd-networkd can run scripts[1] after change in
>> lease. Am I missing something?
>>
> The top answer below is a partial answer to your question.
>
> https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/469716/systemd-networkd-run-script-after-dhcp-client-aqcuires-new-address

You mean:

"I couldn't get networkd-dispatcher to respond to dhcp changes on Ubuntu
Server 20.04, but[...] " :) ?

Yes. I know that this is two year old, but I did not found anything
newer with answer.


>
> But systemd-networkd also has a huge number of configuration options
> that may do what you want anyway
>
> https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html

Hm. Can you create bridge without ports with systemd-networkd?
i.e.

--8<---cut here---start->8---
iface qemu inet static
dns-search myquemudomain
address 192.168.1.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
bridge_ports none #part which I was not able to achieve
--8<---cut here---end--->8---


I still have situation described in
https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2022/02/msg00118.html

I simply try to look for migration, but it seems that most of testing I
will have to do by myself. 

KJ

-- 
http://stopstopnop.pl/stop_stopnop.pl_o_nas.html

Re: Alternatives to ISC dhcp-client ?

[Jeremy Ardley]

On 8/5/22 2:27 pm, Rick Thomas wrote:

Thanks!
Rick
PS:  I'll also do the IPv6 part, because I'm interested in that too.



One word of caution moving away from ISC dhcp client is that any 
possibility of it being started by the networking daemon will result in 
very bad behaviour if you have any left-over lease files - whether or 
not you have dhcp set in your /etc/network.interfaces file


In that case, the dhcp server will be spammed many times a second by 
dhclient.


I'll amend my blog post to stop the networking service, kill any 
dhclient processes, and then erase any dhclient lease files


rm -f /var/lib/dhcp/dhclient*


--
Jeremy



OpenPGP_signature
Description: OpenPGP digital signature

Re: Alternatives to ISC dhcp-client ?

[Jeremy Ardley]

On 8/5/22 3:19 pm, Kamil Jońca wrote:

I cannot see if systemd-networkd can run scripts[1] after change in
lease. Am I missing something?


The top answer below is a partial answer to your question.

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/469716/systemd-networkd-run-script-after-dhcp-client-aqcuires-new-address

But systemd-networkd also has a huge number of configuration options 
that may do what you want anyway


https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html



--

Jeremy



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Re: Alternatives to ISC dhcp-client ?

[Kamil Jońca]

Jeremy Ardley  writes:

[...]
>
> You can just use systemd-networkd as an IPv4 dhcp client.

I cannot see if systemd-networkd can run scripts[1] after change in
lease. Am I missing something?

KJ
[1] similar to /etc/dhcp/dhclient*hooks.d
-- 
http://wolnelektury.pl/wesprzyj/teraz/

Re: Alternatives to ISC dhcp-client ?

[john doe]

On 5/8/2022 5:24 AM, Rick Thomas wrote:

On Sat, May 7, 2022, at 8:14 PM, Jeremy Ardley wrote:

On 8/5/22 10:47 am, Rick Thomas wrote:

ISC has ended development on the ISC DHCP client as of early 2022.

This client implementation is no longer maintained and should not be
used in production any longer.

Can anybody recommend a good replacement?



I presently use systemd-networkd which provides its own DHCP v4 and v6
clients, and servers if you want.

In my network my dual homed router acts as a dhcp client to the ISP and
gets an IPv4 address and is delegated an IPv6 /56 range.

You can just use systemd-networkd as an IPv4 dhcp client.
Jeremy


Is systemd-networkd automatically installed by Debian?

I ask because my "testing" and "stable" systems all show isc-dhcp-client as 
installed and running.



For a regular installation of Debian, yes.

--
John Doe

Re: Alternatives to ISC dhcp-client ?

[Rick Thomas]

On Sat, May 7, 2022, at 9:37 PM, Jeremy Ardley wrote:
> On 8/5/22 11:27 am, Rick Thomas wrote:
>> Thanks for the heads up!
>> Can you describe in detail what one needs to do in order to switch over?
>> I.e. what to remove, what to install?  What to configure?
>
> This is a recent blogpost of mine showing a more complex installation 
> including IPv6 delegation. If you just do the bits that refer to IPv4 it 
> should still work.
>
> https://jeremyardley.blogspot.com/2022/04/configuring-systemd-networkd-with.html
> Jeremy

Thanks!
Rick
PS:  I'll also do the IPv6 part, because I'm interested in that too.

Re: Traduction ?

[Olivier Humbert]

Le 2022-05-08 02:21, k6dedijon a écrit :

Bonjour,
Pour traduire, avez-vous essayé
https://www.deepl.com/translator
Cette plateforme est plus appréciable que Bing.

Bon courage
Cassis


Une alternative libre :
https://libretranslate.com/

Bon dimanche.
Olivier