Re: Partitioning advice, 13.9 GB HD Thanks
on Thu, Jun 05, 2003 at 12:25:56AM +0200, Frank Gevaerts ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote: On Wed, Jun 04, 2003 at 05:51:12PM -0400, lists1 wrote: Thanks to all. I'm going to print out the Partitioning mini-faq, as it answers some other questions, and I'll use the examples for suid, remount, and others in fstab and elsewhere. I did look at it last night, among a lot of other docs/posts, but the date and small partition sizes threw me a bit. I'm starting with a knoppix install (and moving to debian), and need bigger partitions, or the install just exits (at least that's what it does when it hits other problems). I've adjusted as follows, but I doubt this will be the final setup: /1 GB (may go a few hundred MB smaller) if /usr, /home, /tmp and /var are separate, you can stop at 200-300 MB Ditto. /boot100 MB (Reiser FS requires larger size than ext2/3, according to messages on suse installations, disallowing smaller sizes) Then use another filesystem. Ext3fs is fine for smaller partitions. The journal file for ext3 is porportional to the size of the parition, in Reiser, there's a dedicated 32MB overhead. I consider the cutover to be somewhere around 100-200 MB. /opt 500 MB hope this is big enough to squeeze knoppix on. Nope. You can't squish an 800 MB compressed file onto 500 MB. /tmp800 MB IMO grossly oversized. 100-200 MB should be sufficient, set explicit use of temporary space for apps (usually graphics, video, or audio editors, or databases and data manipulation tools) which have their own extraordinary temporary space needs. I've found this latter step unnecessary with 256MB allocated for /tmp. Most of my utilization (13%) is the Reiserfs journal file. /usr 3GB Good. /var 2760 MB Largeish, but OK. Particularly OK if you justify it on useage needs. /home 5240 MB swap 500 MB Is this enough for dealing with 700 MB iso images? Yes. See prior comments on swap sizing. If you partition *multiple* swap partitions (and you can do this after the fact), then you can activate these as needed. Swap needs memory for addressing, so adding too much swap can actually eat into your memory utilization (someone correct me if this is out of date info). By creating multiple partitions you can: - Size swap to fit your current needs. - Add additional partitions as you add RAM to your system. - Avoid repartitioning your system (painful). iso images are usually read/written sequentially, so they don't require much ram/swap I might make /var a little smaller and /home a little bigger, but that depends on database/mail/webspace If this is meant to be a _real_ mailserver, put /var/spool on a separate partition as well. For a personal/home server, this is probably not needed. ...for performance reasons. Setting blocksize, and/or atime for a spool can be particularly useful. Not to mention having the partition be isolated from other useful system stuff (say, /var/log, /var/cache, and /var/lib) when it blows up. Luckily, this box has the smallest drive. Now if I could only squeeze debian/apache on to that 270 MB hard disk sitting in the corner for another box... That should be easy. 270 MB is _huge_. You can get a basic install in about 100 MB. Add a few for apache, put in some swap, and you still have 100MB webspace left Peace. -- Karsten M. Self [EMAIL PROTECTED]http://kmself.home.netcom.com/ What Part of Gestalt don't you understand? Hollings: bought, paid for, but couldn't deliver the CBDTPA: http://www.politechbot.com/docs/cbdtpa/hollings.s2048.032102.html -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Partitioning advice, 13.9 GB HD
on Wed, Jun 04, 2003 at 01:36:41PM -0700, Mark Ferlatte ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote: lists1 said on Wed, Jun 04, 2003 at 03:34:13PM -0400: The box is 1.3 Ghz, 128 MB ram, single 13.9 GB hard disk. Planned use, is light apache, light bind, light mail server (debian mailing list will be the heaviest use). With X and some gui apps (see below). / 2000MB /boot 140 MB /opt 2000MB swap500 MB /tmp1000MB /usr 2000MB /var 2000MB /home 4300+ MB (balance) I read that deb packages take a lot of space under / , as opposed to rpm based distros that stick packages in opt and/or usr. Don't know where you got that idea. My boxes have 1GB in / and 2GB in /usr, and I'm using ~ 150MB in / and ~650MB in /usr. However, for a desktop box, having a seperate /usr can cause trouble (some packages are a little buggy and don't work when /usr is on a seperate partition... the only one I've encountered is discover, so it's a pretty small number). This is a bug and should be reported as such. Does Bug #178944 match your observations? Peace. -- Karsten M. Self [EMAIL PROTECTED]http://kmself.home.netcom.com/ What Part of Gestalt don't you understand? This sig for rent: a Signify v1.10 production from http://www.debian.org/ -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Partitioning advice, 13.9 GB HD
on Thu, Jun 05, 2003 at 05:08:22PM +0100, Ben Kal ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote: On 4 Jun 2003 lists1 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: ... Did I make opt too small? Only you may know. What would you want to put into it? It is true that by default there is no /opt in a Debian installation, but you can decide to have a policy of having an /opt for at least a certain class of applications, and if you want a separate partition for /opt you must make an estimate of the amount of disk space such applications will need. On my systems, /opt is a symlink to either /usr/local or /usr/local/opt. /usr/local itself may be its own partition (back this off seperately from /usr) or a subdirectory of /usr. Peace. -- Karsten M. Self [EMAIL PROTECTED]http://kmself.home.netcom.com/ What Part of Gestalt don't you understand? If spam is the question, Spamassassin is the answer. http://spamassassin.taint.org/ -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Partitioning advice, 13.9 GB HD
Karsten M. Self said on Tue, Jun 10, 2003 at 05:27:00PM +0100: encountered is discover, so it's a pretty small number). This is a bug and should be reported as such. It was reported, but not by me. Does Bug #178944 match your observations? That would be the one. M pgp0.pgp Description: PGP signature
Re: Partitioning advice, 13.9 GB HD
On 5 Jun 2003 Gary Hennigan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Ben Kal [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: [snip] AFAIK the guide to the size of swap is the amount of RAM: make it equal to or twice that amount. By that standard you can cut down swap at least to half what you now plan to make it. I don't know if Linux would like to fill swap space with the iso image when a cd burner is busy but I doubt it. [more snippage] AFAIK this isn't true of Linux. Some Unices required this in the past. [snip] For Linux the amount of swap is like the size of /usr/local (or /opt). New to me. It's dependent on how you use the machine. I think it's generally true that it's a good idea to have a bit of swap (128MB is my typical minimum), but after that it's dependent on what you do with your machine. [snip] Both the book 'LPI Linux Certification in a Nutshell' and a German on-line course that prepares you for the LPI Level 1 exams only talk about size of RAM as a guide to the size of swap. The German course, which seems more up-to-date, even asserts that more than 128 Mb swap is no use anyway. This is just to inform you. I am not going to debate this, because my knowledge does not measure op to determine the true swap space requirements of a system. I simply follow the most authorative guideline known to me in this matter. Ben -- B.F.M. Kal Anjelierstraat 1, 2014 TC Haarlem, Netherlands tel +31 23 5324909, [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Partitioning advice, 13.9 GB HD
On 4 Jun 2003 lists1 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: My friend has just emailed back saying that Debian doesn't use opt at all, that's a quirk of suse, so I'm changing the setup to add more to var, where he says the deb files go (var/cache/apt/archives), so I'm looking at this: / 2GB /boot 140MB /opt500 /tmp 1GB /usr 2GB /var 2.76 GB /home 5GB/balance swap500MB Should swap be larger with 128 MB Ram, dealing with 700 MB+ iso images (my burner is on this box). AFAIK the guide to the size of swap is the amount of RAM: make it equal to or twice that amount. By that standard you can cut down swap at least to half what you now plan to make it. I don't know if Linux would like to fill swap space with the iso image when a cd burner is busy but I doubt it. Did I make opt too small? Only you may know. What would you want to put into it? It is true that by default there is no /opt in a Debian installation, but you can decide to have a policy of having an /opt for at least a certain class of applications, and if you want a separate partition for /opt you must make an estimate of the amount of disk space such applications will need. Further: /boot can be much smaller (I agree with Jose on that), because it needs only to provide space for a couple of kernel images; / can probably be much smaller too, because what is to be on it that really takes space other than /lib, /dev, /bin, /sbin, /etc, /root? On my laptop these directories only take 32 Mb. That may be on the low end of the spectrum for this total, but to me it looks hard to make it rise to 2 Gb. Ben -- B.F.M. Kal Anjelierstraat 1, 2014 TC Haarlem, Netherlands tel +31 23 5324909, [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Partitioning advice, 13.9 GB HD
Ben Kal [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: [snip] AFAIK the guide to the size of swap is the amount of RAM: make it equal to or twice that amount. By that standard you can cut down swap at least to half what you now plan to make it. I don't know if Linux would like to fill swap space with the iso image when a cd burner is busy but I doubt it. [more snippage] AFAIK this isn't true of Linux. Some Unices required this in the past. The one I remember was HP-UX. If it did a kernel dump it copied memory to swap (for analysis (did anybody ever analyze a 128MB kernel image dump?)) and so you had to have enough swap space to hold the contents of the memory in case the kernel dumped. For Linux the amount of swap is like the size of /usr/local (or /opt). It's dependent on how you use the machine. I think it's generally true that it's a good idea to have a bit of swap (128MB is my typical minimum), but after that it's dependent on what you do with your machine. If you're running X + Gnome + Openoffice on a 64MB system you'll need a LOT of swap. If you're running in console mode and use the same system for C app-development, for example, you probably won't need much swap. Gary -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Partitioning advice, 13.9 GB HD, final chapter
One last (I hope) update for now, and a little clarification for those not following all the posts, and those that may venture here later: ... I'm looking at this: / 2GB /boot 140MB /opt 500 /tmp 1GB /usr 2GB /var 2.76 GB /home 5GB/balance swap500MB This was initially for a knoppix installation, to ease my way into debian. That was a mistake. Knoppix will be great for me in the future as a portable debian, or as a rescue disk, but it bites for a hard disk install. I went through three attempted installs last night of Knoppix. For anyone wanting to try this, unless there has been changes since this post date, Knoppix REQUIRES at least 2.2 GB in / PERIOD. End of sentence/statement. It dumps EVERYTHING into /. I'd make it a bit bigger, just to be on the safe side, like 2.3 or 2.4 GB. Since all the directories are under /, and this is ill advised for linux in case of bad blocks, problems in a particular partition, performance issues, new installations while saving home, and so on, once the install is finished, you need to move the directories to the other partitions. Since I haven't done this before, I'll just guess: Mount other partitions made prior to distro install, then dd (?) the directories over to the other partitions? Can this be done while running the os that you plan on moving? How else to do this? Then rewrite fstab (and mtab?) to reflect changes, then reboot? The Knoppix installer doesn't allow you to split up the hard disk into separate partitions, or it just isn't documented, and ctrl/alt/F2,3,4 doesn't work at the point of choosing hard disk/partition. It just asks you which disk, is this the partition you want to make / (second question after which disk), and does it have 2,200 MB of space? No? Exit. Yes, copy packages. So while you can move the directories post install, you're stuck with a 2.2+GB / partition. Real dumb. And btw, no help on irc knoppix, and mailing list is very low volume. I'm getting much better help here, contrary to the flame warnings I've read about. Thanks again. Another thing. While Knoppix (and one of the developers or supporters) purports to support ReiserFS, it's installer doesn't. If it isn't there prior to the install, the installer doesn't include ReiserFS as an option. It has a kitchen sink option, but no ReiserFS option. I've been happily using the knoppix disks to try out debian (and I'm switching from rpm based after the experience), but suffice it to say that you shouldn't try installing knoppix on to a hard disk when the server room is under construction, and sledgehammers are laying around... Why is boot so large? I think I posted that when someone broke the thread, but I'll repeat. I have compiled a few kernels in the past, so I wanted to leave a little room there. But the major reason is that I've installed Suse many times in the past, and if boot is too small, it won't install the ReiserFS. It will install ext2 and ext3, but under a certain size, it won't install ReiserFS, and then you have to start over. So apparantly according to Suse, ReiserFS needs more space (at least at 7.3/8.0 versions, later versions may not have this requirement). And Suse has a better implementation of ReiserFS, as they make mods to the kernel that doesn't require a reboot after partitioning and prior to the filesystem installation, unlike virtually all other distros. This is explained on Hans' site, and was news to me when I ended up reading it because I had to mkreiserfs manually instead of doing it through the knoppix installer as it should be. I actually ended up installing a minimal suse 7.3 system to get the reiserfs installed correctly, and to make / big enough, prior to installing knoppix (four times!). This is one of the limitations of the docs for all the distros, and the how tos. How much space is used in each directory, when you install everything/file server setup/desktop setup/minimal setup. Just knowing this would have saved me last night, and at half a dozen installfests. Suse sticks it in opt. Knoppix sticks it in /, Debian sticks it... Red Hat sticks it in usr (if I remember correctly?). And the ram/swap question needs a fresh answer. Twice ram? 1.5x ram? Equal to ram? No swap? I have a half gig ram in my desktop. Should I have a gig of swap? That's what I did. Linux never touches swap? Really? On my suse desktop, linux pages out all the swap except about 5MB or so (I keep a lot of desktop apps running for weeks at a time, including about 20-40 browser sessions), so I have 512 MB of ram, and 1 GB of swap, with almost all the swap taken up. What should it have been? 512 MB ram/512 MB swap? 512 MB ram/ 256 MB swap? Where is this in the docs? 1/2 of ram? What happens when I upgrade my desktop to 2 GB of ram? How much
Re: Partitioning advice, 13.9 GB HD
Based on other opinions, it would seem there is a bias against multiple partions. My recommendation would be: / 500MB /boot 64MB - Note should be primary partiton not extended SWAP 256MB - Twice memory is a good place to start. You can always add another if you need to. /opt 0MB - Not needed for Debian. Create a symlink to something like /usr/opt /tmp 1000MB - Very system/load dependant. Debian cleans /tmp by default as per FSH. http://www.pathname.com/fhs/2.2/fhs-3.15.html /usr 3000MB - Again system dependant. You may want to create a seperate /usr/local FS. /var 1000MB - Depends on mail activity. You may want to create a seperate /var/spool FS. /home 1000MB - Again, depends on local requirements. TOTAL 6820MB Now the question is what to do with the remaining 7GB of space. Well with that much space left over, there are a few uses that come to mind: 1) Space for additional distributions/OS's 2) Ability to maintain a psuedo test environment. Create duplicate partitions and copy environment to the duplicates. You will need to modify /etc/fstab and your boot loader (LILO/GRUB) configuration. You will gain the ability to truly test things like new kernels, dist upgrades, package upgrades and new software. 3) It is simpler and faster to resize partitions, if required, when working with local disk. The other alternative to use LVM (Logical Volume Manager). Other sources of information: http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Filesystems-HOWTO.html - Everything you ever wanted to know about filesystems http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/index.html - The Logical Volume Manager for Linux http://www.pathname.com/fhs/ - Filesystem Hierarchy Standard http://www.linuxbase.org/spec/ - Linux Standard Base Specifications Good luck. -- Jay Harrison If XP is the answer, you didn't understand the question lists1 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Here's my partition scheme. Opinion? The box is 1.3 Ghz, 128 MB ram, single 13.9 GB hard disk. Planned use, is light apache, light bind, light mail server (debian mailing list will be the heaviest use). With X and some gui apps (see below). / 2000MB /boot 140 MB /opt 2000MB swap500 MB /tmp1000MB /usr 2000MB /var 2000MB /home 4300+ MB (balance) I read that deb packages take a lot of space under / , as opposed to rpm based distros that stick packages in opt and/or usr. Is 2 GB too much for / ? About 3 GB is needed total for the knoppix CD, but I'll be removing openoffice, games, and some other packages. YES, I KNOW, this isn't knoppix list, but I'm using knoppix to install debian. Should tmp be this large or larger? This box has my cd burner (never got it working on my desktop). I'll be downloading and burning iso images, so figure 700 MB+ dowloads, mkisofs, etc. And I might be transferring large tar'd files for backup to the cd burner also, that's why I made tmp 1 GB. Does this sound right? Also, one more consideration. Plannning on running bind/apache/mail server on this box, backup second box with larger drive will run same (for backup only) and will be the main database server. On the bind/apache/mail box with the partitioning scheme above, should I make the directory where the apache web site files are larger, and home much smaller? If I remember correctly, that's usr/local/apache/htdocs/* on suse, so user would be made larger, or is it easy enough to put web site docs in home/* directories, and link to them from the apache config file? I checked the how-tos, the debian docs, some web sites, other usenet posts, and more. I can't add another hard drive. I was using just a couple partitions, / swap, home, boot, to save space, but was asked by friend whose going to administer bind to re-install, with more partions, because I need var for mail server on separate partition so spam doesn't take the whole box down, plus more partitions for recovery and other reasons. I was also asked to reinstall because I apt-get upgraded, and he would prefer running stable, or stable to testing, as opposed to testing to unstable like the knoppix disk is laid out, so that security updates can be run nightly without breaking things under unstable, as he indicated has happened to him on occasion in the past. Any advice would be appreciated. I'll be running the services mentioned, non-critical, and at the same time experimenting with debian. The gui/X apps are needed, as I'm still weak on the command line. I'll be removing openoffice and other gui apps, but still need gvim, kde/konqueror fish protocol (can't get scp to work sometimes on my complicated lan setup, can't figure it out). Sorry for not shortening this post, but on the couple of other places I've posted, I get the third degree on WHY am I
Partitioning advice, 13.9 GB HD
Here's my partition scheme. Opinion? The box is 1.3 Ghz, 128 MB ram, single 13.9 GB hard disk. Planned use, is light apache, light bind, light mail server (debian mailing list will be the heaviest use). With X and some gui apps (see below). / 2000MB /boot 140 MB /opt 2000MB swap500 MB /tmp1000MB /usr 2000MB /var 2000MB /home 4300+ MB (balance) I read that deb packages take a lot of space under / , as opposed to rpm based distros that stick packages in opt and/or usr. Is 2 GB too much for / ? About 3 GB is needed total for the knoppix CD, but I'll be removing openoffice, games, and some other packages. YES, I KNOW, this isn't knoppix list, but I'm using knoppix to install debian. Should tmp be this large or larger? This box has my cd burner (never got it working on my desktop). I'll be downloading and burning iso images, so figure 700 MB+ dowloads, mkisofs, etc. And I might be transferring large tar'd files for backup to the cd burner also, that's why I made tmp 1 GB. Does this sound right? Also, one more consideration. Plannning on running bind/apache/mail server on this box, backup second box with larger drive will run same (for backup only) and will be the main database server. On the bind/apache/mail box with the partitioning scheme above, should I make the directory where the apache web site files are larger, and home much smaller? If I remember correctly, that's usr/local/apache/htdocs/* on suse, so user would be made larger, or is it easy enough to put web site docs in home/* directories, and link to them from the apache config file? I checked the how-tos, the debian docs, some web sites, other usenet posts, and more. I can't add another hard drive. I was using just a couple partitions, / swap, home, boot, to save space, but was asked by friend whose going to administer bind to re-install, with more partions, because I need var for mail server on separate partition so spam doesn't take the whole box down, plus more partitions for recovery and other reasons. I was also asked to reinstall because I apt-get upgraded, and he would prefer running stable, or stable to testing, as opposed to testing to unstable like the knoppix disk is laid out, so that security updates can be run nightly without breaking things under unstable, as he indicated has happened to him on occasion in the past. Any advice would be appreciated. I'll be running the services mentioned, non-critical, and at the same time experimenting with debian. The gui/X apps are needed, as I'm still weak on the command line. I'll be removing openoffice and other gui apps, but still need gvim, kde/konqueror fish protocol (can't get scp to work sometimes on my complicated lan setup, can't figure it out). Sorry for not shortening this post, but on the couple of other places I've posted, I get the third degree on WHY am I partitioning, WHY so many, etc. I don't need that, just some advice if the numbers above are in the ballpark, or if I'm overkilling / for example, or any other tip you can help with. A big thanks in advance! Bing. -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Partitioning advice, 13.9 GB HD
Hi, lists1 wrote: Here's my partition scheme. Opinion? The box is 1.3 Ghz, 128 MB ram, single 13.9 GB hard disk. Planned use, is light apache, light bind, light mail server (debian mailing list will be the heaviest use). With X and some gui apps (see below). / 2000MB /boot 140 MB /boot seems way too big unless you intend to use it for strange things or want to have a very large amount of kernel images. Mine is 8 MB, with two kernel images (current and old) and never had a problem because of that, with 5MB normally free on this partition. Haven't got a clue about the rest. Bye Jose -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Partitioning advice, 13.9 GB HD
on Wed, Jun 04, 2003 at 03:34:13PM -0400, lists1 ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote: Here's my partition scheme. Opinion? The box is 1.3 Ghz, 128 MB ram, single 13.9 GB hard disk. Planned use, is light apache, light bind, light mail server (debian mailing list will be the heaviest use). With X and some gui apps (see below). / 2000MB too big 64-128 MB. /boot 140 MBreasonable (but large 32-64 MB) /opt 2000MB reasonable, (but: consider ln = /usr/local) swap500 MBpartitions sized at current (or 2x) RAM to max allowable /tmp1000MBIMO too large (video/audio editing might justify) /usr 2000MB 3GB 4GB if it includes /usr/local /var 2000MB 1-2GB OK Vary as needed w/ large DB website(s). /home 4300+ MB (balance) Make this bigger I see ~5GB you can allocate. I read that deb packages take a lot of space under / , Nope. /var. as opposed to rpm based distros that stick packages in opt and/or usr. Is 2 GB too much for / ? Yes. See: http://kmself.home.netcom.com/Linux/FAQs/partition.html ...which answers most of the remainder of your questions. Thank you. About 3 GB is needed total for the knoppix CD, but I'll be removing openoffice, games, and some other packages. YES, I KNOW, this isn't knoppix list, but I'm using knoppix to install debian. Should tmp be this large or larger? This box has my cd burner (never got it working on my desktop). I'll be downloading and burning iso images, so figure 700 MB+ dowloads, mkisofs, etc. And I might be transferring large tar'd files for backup to the cd burner also, that's why I made tmp 1 GB. Does this sound right? Also, one more consideration. Plannning on running bind/apache/mail server on this box, backup second box with larger drive will run same (for backup only) and will be the main database server. On the bind/apache/mail box with the partitioning scheme above, should I make the directory where the apache web site files are larger, and home much smaller? If I remember correctly, that's usr/local/apache/htdocs/* on suse, so user would be made larger, or is it easy enough to put web site docs in home/* directories, and link to them from the apache config file? I checked the how-tos, the debian docs, some web sites, other usenet posts, and more. I can't add another hard drive. I was using just a couple partitions, / swap, home, boot, to save space, but was asked by friend whose going to administer bind to re-install, with more partions, because I need var for mail server on separate partition so spam doesn't take the whole box down, plus more partitions for recovery and other reasons. I was also asked to reinstall because I apt-get upgraded, and he would prefer running stable, or stable to testing, as opposed to testing to unstable like the knoppix disk is laid out, so that security updates can be run nightly without breaking things under unstable, as he indicated has happened to him on occasion in the past. Any advice would be appreciated. I'll be running the services mentioned, non-critical, and at the same time experimenting with debian. The gui/X apps are needed, as I'm still weak on the command line. I'll be removing openoffice and other gui apps, but still need gvim, kde/konqueror fish protocol (can't get scp to work sometimes on my complicated lan setup, can't figure it out). Sorry for not shortening this post, but on the couple of other places I've posted, I get the third degree on WHY am I partitioning, WHY so many, etc. I don't need that, just some advice if the numbers above are in the ballpark, or if I'm overkilling / for example, or any other tip you can help with. A big thanks in advance! Bing. -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- Karsten M. Self [EMAIL PROTECTED]http://kmself.home.netcom.com/ What Part of Gestalt don't you understand? Rob McKenna was a miserable bastard and he knew it -- HHGTG -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Partitioning advice, 13.9 GB HD
lists1 said on Wed, Jun 04, 2003 at 03:34:13PM -0400: The box is 1.3 Ghz, 128 MB ram, single 13.9 GB hard disk. Planned use, is light apache, light bind, light mail server (debian mailing list will be the heaviest use). With X and some gui apps (see below). / 2000MB /boot 140 MB /opt 2000MB swap500 MB /tmp1000MB /usr 2000MB /var 2000MB /home 4300+ MB (balance) I read that deb packages take a lot of space under / , as opposed to rpm based distros that stick packages in opt and/or usr. Don't know where you got that idea. My boxes have 1GB in / and 2GB in /usr, and I'm using ~ 150MB in / and ~650MB in /usr. However, for a desktop box, having a seperate /usr can cause trouble (some packages are a little buggy and don't work when /usr is on a seperate partition... the only one I've encountered is discover, so it's a pretty small number). Should tmp be this large or larger? This box has my cd burner (never got it working on my desktop). I'll be downloading and burning iso images, so figure 700 MB+ dowloads, mkisofs, etc. And I might be transferring large tar'd files for backup to the cd burner also, that's why I made tmp 1 GB. Does this sound right? shrug Sounds okay to me. I usually leave /tmp on /, and use /var/tmp instead, but that's just me: if you've got a lot of potentiall hostile users, /tmp on it's own partition is vital. Also, one more consideration. Plannning on running bind/apache/mail server on this box, backup second box with larger drive will run same (for backup only) and will be the main database server. On the bind/apache/mail box with the partitioning scheme above, should I make the directory where the apache web site files are larger, and home much smaller? If I remember correctly, that's usr/local/apache/htdocs/* on suse, so user would be made larger, or is it easy enough to put web site docs in home/* directories, and link to them from the apache config file? You can use the apache configuration to put the htdocs directory wherever you want, so it doesn't really matter. M pgp0.pgp Description: PGP signature
Re: Partitioning advice, 13.9 GB HD
On some suse installs, I couldn't get the install to work because it said that ReiserFS, which I use for all partitions, needed more space. It accepted smaller sizes for ext2 and ext3, but I prefer ReiserFS. Don't remember how much it required, but my other boxes are set all above 100 MB, and I'm not worried about 30-40 extra MB, I'm worried about wasting space with 1 and 2 GB partitions. My friend has just emailed back saying that Debian doesn't use opt at all, that's a quirk of suse, so I'm changing the setup to add more to var, where he says the deb files go (var/cache/apt/archives), so I'm looking at this: / 2 GB /boot 140 MB /opt500 /tmp1 GB /usr 2 GB /var 2.76 GB /home 5 GB/balance swap 500 MB Should swap be larger with 128 MB Ram, dealing with 700 MB+ iso images (my burner is on this box). Did I make opt too small? Thanks again Bing. On Wednesday 04 June 2003 16:13, Jose wrote: Hi, lists1 wrote: Here's my partition scheme. Opinion? The box is 1.3 Ghz, 128 MB ram, single 13.9 GB hard disk. Planned use, is light apache, light bind, light mail server (debian mailing list will be the heaviest use). With X and some gui apps (see below). / 2000MB /boot 140 MB /boot seems way too big unless you intend to use it for strange things or want to have a very large amount of kernel images. Mine is 8 MB, with two kernel images (current and old) and never had a problem because of that, with 5MB normally free on this partition. Haven't got a clue about the rest. Bye Jose -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Partitioning advice, 13.9 GB HD
On Wed, 2003-06-04 at 16:46, lists1 wrote: [...] My friend has just emailed back saying that Debian doesn't use opt at all, that's a quirk of suse, so I'm changing the setup to add more to var, where he says the deb files go (var/cache/apt/archives), so I'm looking at this: / 2 GB /boot 140 MB /opt 500 /tmp 1 GB /usr 2 GB /var 2.76 GB /home 5 GB/balance swap 500 MB First off, why do you need to do such granular partitioning? Why wouldn't a simple separation of /boot / and /home work for you? Karsten's suggestions are a matter of personal taste, I would suggest that you not impose limitations on yourself before you really know what *your* needs are going to be. (insert quote about premature optimization here) That said, this is how much space is being taken up on my system, I've got sid with gnome2 openoffice, evolution, mozilla, development tools etc 209Mvar 3.5Gusr 2.6Mtmp 8.0Ghome I have three partitions, / (4.9G) /home (9.4G) and /boot(100M). It would probably not be a bad idea to make /tmp a separate partition to avoid apps crashing if/when / gets full, but other than that I have never had a problem with this arrangement. -Mark -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Partitioning advice, 13.9 GB HD
lists1 [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Here's my partition scheme. Opinion? IMHO it's way too complicated. :-) My laptop has two partitions, for / and /home, and I'm quite happy with that. Having /home separate is useful since if you reinstall you can do it without nuking all of your personal data; otherwise, the extra partitions just add complexity and inflexibility. I read that deb packages take a lot of space under / , as opposed to rpm based distros that stick packages in opt and/or usr. Maybe you're thinking of APT downloading packages into /var/cache/apt/archives before installing them? I wouldn't feel compelled to create a huge /; if you feel compelled to make it a separate partition, the sum of /bin, /etc, /sbin, and /lib here is just over 40 MB. Should tmp be this large or larger? This box has my cd burner (never got it working on my desktop). I'll be downloading and burning iso images, so figure 700 MB+ dowloads, mkisofs, etc. I'd just use $HOME for this. Partitioning /tmp is a little tricky; on a production system you might want it separate so that a full /tmp doesn't also squish things like mail spools, but if /tmp fills up you have a set of other problems. On the bind/apache/mail box with the partitioning scheme above, should I make the directory where the apache web site files are larger, and home much smaller? If I remember correctly, that's usr/local/apache/htdocs/* on suse, so user would be made larger, or is it easy enough to put web site docs in home/* directories, and link to them from the apache config file? It is *by default* /var/www on Debian, but it should be easy enough to repoint the Apache root by changing the configuration file appropriately (or by a symlink). The package management system should only create empty directories under /usr/local, and never use /opt at all. -- David Maze [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://people.debian.org/~dmaze/ Theoretical politics is interesting. Politicking should be illegal. -- Abra Mitchell -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Partitioning advice, 13.9 GB HD Thanks
Thanks to all. I'm going to print out the Partitioning mini-faq, as it answers some other questions, and I'll use the examples for suid, remount, and others in fstab and elsewhere. I did look at it last night, among a lot of other docs/posts, but the date and small partition sizes threw me a bit. I'm starting with a knoppix install (and moving to debian), and need bigger partitions, or the install just exits (at least that's what it does when it hits other problems). I've adjusted as follows, but I doubt this will be the final setup: /1 GB (may go a few hundred MB smaller) /boot100 MB (Reiser FS requires larger size than ext2/3, according to messages on suse installations, disallowing smaller sizes) /opt 500 MB hope this is big enough to squeeze knoppix on. /tmp800 MB /usr 3GB /var 2760 MB /home 5240 MB swap 500 MB Is this enough for dealing with 700 MB iso images? Luckily, this box has the smallest drive. Now if I could only squeeze debian/apache on to that 270 MB hard disk sitting in the corner for another box... Thanks again. Bing. On Wednesday 04 June 2003 16:32, Karsten M. Self wrote: on Wed, Jun 04, 2003 at 03:34:13PM -0400, lists1 ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote: Here's my partition scheme. Opinion? The box is 1.3 Ghz, 128 MB ram, single 13.9 GB hard disk. Planned use, is light apache, light bind, light mail server (debian mailing list will be the heaviest use). With X and some gui apps (see below). / 2000MB too big 64-128 MB. /boot 140 MB reasonable (but large 32-64 MB) /opt 2000MB reasonable, (but: consider ln = /usr/local) swap500 MBpartitions sized at current (or 2x) RAM to max allowable /tmp1000MBIMO too large (video/audio editing might justify) /usr 2000MB 3GB 4GB if it includes /usr/local /var 2000MB 1-2GB OK Vary as needed w/ large DB website(s). /home 4300+ MB (balance) Make this bigger I see ~5GB you can allocate. I read that deb packages take a lot of space under / , Nope. /var. as opposed to rpm based distros that stick packages in opt and/or usr. Is 2 GB too much for / ? Yes. See: http://kmself.home.netcom.com/Linux/FAQs/partition.html ...which answers most of the remainder of your questions. Thank you. About 3 GB is needed total for the knoppix CD, but I'll be removing openoffice, games, and some other packages. YES, I KNOW, this isn't knoppix list, but I'm using knoppix to install debian. Should tmp be this large or larger? This box has my cd burner (never got it working on my desktop). I'll be downloading and burning iso images, so figure 700 MB+ dowloads, mkisofs, etc. And I might be transferring large tar'd files for backup to the cd burner also, that's why I made tmp 1 GB. Does this sound right? Also, one more consideration. Plannning on running bind/apache/mail server on this box, backup second box with larger drive will run same (for backup only) and will be the main database server. On the bind/apache/mail box with the partitioning scheme above, should I make the directory where the apache web site files are larger, and home much smaller? If I remember correctly, that's usr/local/apache/htdocs/* on suse, so user would be made larger, or is it easy enough to put web site docs in home/* directories, and link to them from the apache config file? I checked the how-tos, the debian docs, some web sites, other usenet posts, and more. I can't add another hard drive. I was using just a couple partitions, / swap, home, boot, to save space, but was asked by friend whose going to administer bind to re-install, with more partions, because I need var for mail server on separate partition so spam doesn't take the whole box down, plus more partitions for recovery and other reasons. I was also asked to reinstall because I apt-get upgraded, and he would prefer running stable, or stable to testing, as opposed to testing to unstable like the knoppix disk is laid out, so that security updates can be run nightly without breaking things under unstable, as he indicated has happened to him on occasion in the past. Any advice would be appreciated. I'll be running the services mentioned, non-critical, and at the same time experimenting with debian. The gui/X apps are needed, as I'm still weak on the command line. I'll be removing openoffice and other gui apps, but still need gvim, kde/konqueror fish protocol (can't get scp to work sometimes on my complicated lan setup, can't figure it out). Sorry for not shortening this post, but on the couple of other places I've posted, I get the third degree on WHY am I partitioning, WHY so
Re: Partitioning advice, 13.9 GB HD Thanks
On Wed, Jun 04, 2003 at 05:51:12PM -0400, lists1 wrote: Thanks to all. I'm going to print out the Partitioning mini-faq, as it answers some other questions, and I'll use the examples for suid, remount, and others in fstab and elsewhere. I did look at it last night, among a lot of other docs/posts, but the date and small partition sizes threw me a bit. I'm starting with a knoppix install (and moving to debian), and need bigger partitions, or the install just exits (at least that's what it does when it hits other problems). I've adjusted as follows, but I doubt this will be the final setup: /1 GB (may go a few hundred MB smaller) if /usr, /home, /tmp and /var are separate, you can stop at 200-300 MB /boot100 MB (Reiser FS requires larger size than ext2/3, according to messages on suse installations, disallowing smaller sizes) /opt 500 MB hope this is big enough to squeeze knoppix on. /tmp800 MB /usr 3GB /var 2760 MB /home 5240 MB swap 500 MB Is this enough for dealing with 700 MB iso images? iso images are usually read/written sequentially, so they don't require much ram/swap I might make /var a little smaller and /home a little bigger, but that depends on database/mail/webspace If this is meant to be a _real_ mailserver, put /var/spool on a separate partition as well. For a personal/home server, this is probably not needed. Luckily, this box has the smallest drive. Now if I could only squeeze debian/apache on to that 270 MB hard disk sitting in the corner for another box... That should be easy. 270 MB is _huge_. You can get a basic install in about 100 MB. Add a few for apache, put in some swap, and you still have 100MB webspace left Frank Thanks again. Bing. -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Partitioning advice, 13.9 GB HD
--- lists1 [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribió: 500 MB Should swap be larger with 128 MB Ram, dealing with 700 MB+ iso images (my burner is on this box). Did I make opt too small? I don't that's an issue. I routinely burn 700 MB ISO images on a Pentium Pro 200 with only 128 MB RAM and 256 MB swap, and I haven't made a single coaster yet. -Roberto Sanchez ___ Yahoo! Sorteos - http://loteria.yahoo.es Juega a la LoterÃa Primitiva sin salir de casa -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
