Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-31 Thread TurnipFarmer

Im just about to replaygain all my files using Foobar2000 however should
I select all the files and select them all together and add replaygain
tag data as albums. 

The reason why I am asking is that I thought about doing a few albums
at a time and add replaygain tags to each album which I suppose is the
same way but seems to be a bit quicker. By doing this way does it
affect the replaygain?


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-31 Thread ModelCitizen

TurnipFarmer;334898 Wrote: 
 Im just about to replaygain all my files using Foobar2000 however should
 I select all the files and select them all together and add replaygain
 tag data as albums. 
 The reason why I am asking is that I thought about doing a few albums
 at a time and add replaygain tags to each album which I suppose is the
 same way but seems to be a bit quicker. By doing this way does it
 affect the replaygain?

Doesn't this help then?
http://forums.slimdevices.com/showpost.php?p=334276postcount=8

MC


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-27 Thread cliveb

liffy99;332642 Wrote: 
 So 89db SPL is an absolute measure, not a relative one.
I failed to explain that SPL stands for Sound Pressure Level. 0dB
SPL is defined as a pressure change of 20uPa (microPascals), and is
generally accepted as the threshold of human hearing. (For reference,
normal atmospheric pressure is about 100 kiloPascals, so the quietest
noise a human can detect is one that varies ambient pressure by about
one part in 5 billion).

liffy99;332642 Wrote: 
 With RG switched in I'm now listening at abou 70 for the same loudness
 as before. Just feels kind of close to the max output on the dial of 89
 (even though, logarithmically, it is using only a little more than one
 hundredth of the max power available (on average).
If you're referring to the volume scale on a Squeezebox, then it goes
up to 100, not 89. Each number represents 0.5dB, so when you're
listening at 70, that's 15dB below the Squeezebox's maximum output.


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-27 Thread Mark Lanctot

cliveb;332774 Wrote: 
 0dB SPL is defined as a pressure change of 20uPa (microPascals), and is
 generally accepted as the threshold of human hearing.

Err, shouldn't that be 1 dB, not 0?


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-27 Thread cliveb

Mark Lanctot;332832 Wrote: 
 Err, shouldn't that be 1 dB, not 0?
Well, I can't say with 100% certainty. You could be right. But I was
fairly sure the threshold of hearing is defined to be 0dB SPL.

Remember that 0dB doesn't mean nothing in an absolute sense. It's
just a reference point on a logarithmic scale.


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-26 Thread cliveb

liffy99;331916 Wrote: 
 [2] Note that there is currently an outstanding bug concerning the
 Squeezebox's handling of positive ReplayGain settings. See here for the
 gory details: http://bugs.slimdevices.com/show_bug.cgi?id=5119
 
 Is this fixed yet ? Now that I've found a number of albums (mostly
 classical) that do have positive RG added, I presume I'm in danger of
 introducing clipping ???
AFAIK it's not fixed yet. I reported it a long time ago, until recently
nobody in Slim Devices seemed to think it was that important. Then a few
weeks ago Sean stumbled across it and added his comment. I think if you
read between the lines he's basically saying come on guys, this should
not happen and it must be fixed. When it does get fixed is anyone's
guess, though.

In the meantime, my notes in the bug report explain how to modify the
MySQL database post-scan to avoid clipping due to positive RG values.


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-26 Thread liffy99

Thanks Nonreality

I think I do understand the Loudness Wars and the problem with dynamic
range (and that brush strokes probably would not start out at 89db - a
rather extreme example I'm sorry). What I struggle with is the
different scales being used.

One moment I am told that 0db equates to full output and anything that
tries to break this barrier is clipped. OK - that's clear.

Then this arbitrary level of 89db is touted around, but db is a
relative scale, so 89db compared to what ? It surely can't be 89db
below full output ! Or is it 89db above the -96db that might equate to
the lower threshold of Red Book resolution (which, presunably, could
also be represented as -7db).

Then the gap between 89db and something is stated as being 11db - so
presumambly full output has now been expressed as 100db (and with a
fixed maximum dynamic range of 96db, how does this fit in with CD ?).
So this would suggest a max difference of 11db between average and
peak loudness.

Why can't we all use the same scale, for example;

0db = full output
-15db = arbitrary average loudness that Replay Gain would seek to
match
-96db = lowest level that CD can reach

So, on a good recording, the real dynamic range might span, say,
-50db to -2db (giving a 48db range)with an average loudness level of,
say, -20db. With the headroom available above -2db it is unlikley that
a recording like this has been clipped.

But what we are often getting might be a range of -20db to 0db (where
peaks may have been clipped during the mastering process to ensure no
output beyond 0db) with an average loudness level of, say, -9db. Lousy
dynamic range, loud and clipped !

Or am I completely missing the boat somewhere ?


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-26 Thread Nonreality

liffy99;332522 Wrote: 
 Thanks Nonreality
 
 I think I do understand the Loudness Wars and the problem with dynamic
 range (and that brush strokes probably would not start out at 89db - a
 rather extreme example I'm sorry). What I struggle with is the
 different scales being used.
 
 One moment I am told that 0db equates to full output and anything that
 tries to break this barrier is clipped. OK - that's clear.
 
 Then this arbitrary level of 89db is touted around, but db is a
 relative scale, so 89db compared to what ? It surely can't be 89db
 below full output ! Or is it 89db above the -96db that might equate to
 the lower threshold of Red Book resolution (which, presunably, could
 also be represented as -7db).
 
 Then the gap between 89db and something is stated as being 11db - so
 presumambly full output has now been expressed as 100db (and with a
 fixed maximum dynamic range of 96db, how does this fit in with CD ?).
 So this would suggest a max difference of 11db between average and
 peak loudness.
 
 Why can't we all use the same scale, for example;
 
 0db = full output
 -15db = arbitrary average loudness that Replay Gain would seek to match
 -96db = lowest level that CD can reach
 
 So, on a good recording, the real dynamic range might span, say,
 -50db to -2db (giving a 48db range)with an average loudness level of,
 say, -20db. With the headroom available above -2db it is unlikley that
 a recording like this has been clipped.
 
 But what we are often getting might be a range of -20db to 0db (where
 peaks may have been clipped during the mastering process to ensure no
 output beyond 0db) with an average loudness level of, say, -9db. Lousy
 dynamic range, loud and clipped !
 
 Or am I completely missing the boat somewhere ?Like I said before, I'm 
 probably not the best at this.  I think it was
that 89db was the max to allow headroom for vinyl recordings.  It is
just an 11db allowance for peaks.  It was to mantain good dynamic
range.  If you go much more you are not going to like the results with
some albums.  Actually many albums.  If you get a chance, go to
hydrogenaudio.com and search a lot and read what you find. It will be
much better than me trying to explain.  I run my replaygain with the
defaults and never have problems so that is part of why I say to use
the defaults.  I do know that some press it to 91 with ok results and I
think that I shared that.  I think you need to read up on it from better
sources than myself.  I've kinda wrapped my head around it but that
doesn't mean I can explain it well. :)  Oh and as other have said I
think, replay gain will not fix bad recordings, you will still have
clipping on a lot of modern albums.


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-26 Thread cliveb

liffy99;332522 Wrote: 
 Then this arbitrary level of 89db is touted around, but db is a relative
 scale, so 89db compared to what ? It surely can't be 89db below full
 output ! Or is it 89db above the -96db that might equate to the lower
 threshold of Red Book resolution (which, presunably, could also be
 represented as -7db).
It's none of those. We'll get to what it actually is in a moment, but
first a bit of background. Take a step back and consider what
ReplayGain is trying to achieve. It's aiming to find a way to make the
perceived loudness of various tracks and/or albums sound the same. In
order to do that, it needs to choose a reference level. So what level
should be chosen? There is no standard level in the audio industry, but
there is in the movie industry. That standard is called SMPTE RP 200,
and it states that a comfortable listening level is one whereby pink
noise at -20dBFS RMS is played at 83dB SPL. ReplayGain originally used
that level as its reference. In other words, after analysing the music
track, it defined the volume change that would be required to make it
sound the same loudness as pink noise at -20dB (and which, were it to
then be played in a properly calibrated movie theatre, would be at 83dB
SPL). Hence the use of the term 83dB as the reference level.

After a while, actual implementations of ReplayGain gravitated towards
aiming for 6dB higher than that, so we now have an unofficial 89dB
reference level. Since you're at liberty to set your playback volume
control wherever you like, that 89dB figure is pretty meaningless. For
the consumer of digitally-encoded music, it would make more sense to
define the reference level as being relative to 0dBFS. On that scale,
for a typical music signal, this reference level is about -24dBFS RMS.


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-26 Thread Mark Lanctot

liffy99;332171 Wrote: 
 So, this will mean that when I listen to them with RG on, levels will be
 much the same for the average perceived music loudness but I'll have to
 crank the volume control round more to get back to the original volume
 levels of the tracks that have had gain reductions.

Sure, but why would you want to?  The average CD is so loud that if you
cranked up the volume to its original volume level it would be way too
loud.

RG is attempting to adjust the volume for you - it's like it's moving
the knob.  With RG, you start playing and settle on a comfortable
volume level.  You can then leave it alone and as playback moves from
track to track, RG will attempt to make sure that the playback volume
is even between tracks*, which means you don't have to fiddle with the
volume as much.

Without RG, if you had a nice CD mastered in the mid-80s (in my
opinion, the golden age of the CD) and then moved to one produced
recently, you would almost certainly have to make a huge volume
adjustment.

* assuming track gain.


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-26 Thread liffy99

Ahahhh - I can see clearer now . . . . 

Thanks CliveB. So 89db SPL is an absolute measure, not a relative
one. I quite agree that if we all referred levels to the 0db full
output mark it would make a lot more sense.

And the 11db thing is just a complete red herring.

And as for cranking the volume round more it's just a psychological
thing. After many years of analogue volume controls I've been happy
runnning with the knob at the 11am-ish position (which always felt
there was a lot more in the pot if needed).

Now I have an all digital set-up with a digital vol. control calibrated
in db. Up until replay gain, serious listening was done with the control
at about 60-65 (OK the number should be reducing as the volume increases
if we are relating everything to the 0db full output mark but hey ho).
With RG switched in I'm now listening at abou 70 for the same loudness
as before. Just feels kind of close to the max output on the dial of 89
(even though, logarithmically, it is using only a little more than one
hundredth of the max power available (on average).

Thanks everyone - I'll butt out of this one now (and write to complain
to record companies about their mastering . . . . )

PS Downloaded Stravinsky's Firebird Suite from www.hdtracks.com - now
that DOES have some dynamics !


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-25 Thread liffy99

Well, gradually going through the whole collection with Foobar 2000 and
adding replay gain (question : why doesn't Foobar show the RG details
in the RG column ? They appear if I look at Track Properties and if I
try to add RG again it tells me they are already there).

Most albums end up with a suggested level reduction, far fewer with an
increase. Typically many rock albums seem to get a 5-10db decrease and
jazz and classical a 0-5db decrease. A few (mostly classical) albums
get a small increase.

So, this will mean that when I listen to them with RG on, levels will
be much the same for the average perceived music loudness but I'll have
to crank the volume control round more to get back to the original
volume levels of the tracks that have had gain reductions.

One thing I'm still a little hazy about is the selection of this 89db
default. 89db from what ? If I were to alter the default level by the
amount that many albums have had their gain reduced by (say 9db) - to
98db, what would be the result ? All albums would still be at the same
average loudness, but louder overall (meaning less cranking of the
volume control on the amp). Although I assume I'd have to re-analyse
and tag all the files to conform to the new 98db default.

nearly there . . . .


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-25 Thread Nonreality

liffy99;332171 Wrote: 
 Well, gradually going through the whole collection with Foobar 2000 and
 adding replay gain (question : why doesn't Foobar show the RG details
 in the RG column ? They appear if I look at Track Properties and if I
 try to add RG again it tells me they are already there).
 
 Most albums end up with a suggested level reduction, far fewer with an
 increase. Typically many rock albums seem to get a 5-10db decrease and
 jazz and classical a 0-5db decrease. A few (mostly classical) albums
 get a small increase.
 
 So, this will mean that when I listen to them with RG on, levels will
 be much the same for the average perceived music loudness but I'll have
 to crank the volume control round more to get back to the original
 volume levels of the tracks that have had gain reductions.
 
 One thing I'm still a little hazy about is the selection of this 89db
 default. 89db from what ? If I were to alter the default level by the
 amount that many albums have had their gain reduced by (say 9db) - to
 98db, what would be the result ? All albums would still be at the same
 average loudness, but louder overall (meaning less cranking of the
 volume control on the amp). Although I assume I'd have to re-analyse
 and tag all the files to conform to the new 98db default.
 
 nearly there . . . .

You'll risk clipping. No check that, you'll have clipping.  Just use
the volume dial, it's not that big of deal.  It's a good level of
correction.  It allowed for generous peaks without too much risk of
clipping.  It's the same thing as recording too hot if you increase it.
Replay gain is not just peak volume it's more complicated than that. 
You hit 0 db and you get clipping, square peaks.  A lot of new music
has that already.  You need to do a search on the loudness wars.  If
you set yours to 98db you are going to have all kinds of problems.  Any
album that has a replaygain of -2 or more will have clipping and not
just the peaks.  You really need to trust the people that created this
and stay with their value, if you must raise it go to 91db at the most.


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-25 Thread liffy99

Wow - 2db ? So virtually all of my rock recordings will have been
clipped during mastering ?

Ho hum

Ok, I'll stick with defaults.

The thing I find confusing is the apparent use of different scales.
i.e. we talk about 0db as being the peak and then 89db as a level
below this that allows some headroom. But how much headroom ? What is
the gap between 89 and 0db ?


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-25 Thread Phil Leigh

liffy99;332184 Wrote: 
 Wow - 2db ? So virtually all of my rock recordings will have been
 clipped during mastering ?
 
 Ho hum
 
 Ok, I'll stick with defaults.
 
 The thing I find confusing is the apparent use of different scales.
 i.e. we talk about 0db as being the peak and then 89db as a level
 below this that allows some headroom. But how much headroom ? What is
 the gap between 89 and 0db ?

erm... 11dB (which is a lot: +3dB = twice the volume - or more
accurately twice the power or energy required)


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-25 Thread liffy99

11db ? So peak volume =100db (which is the same as Odb ?) ?

How does that then relate to the dynamic range of the CD medium at 96db
?

And 11db isn't much when looking at peaks at all (about 12 times
louder). Think of the contrast in a drum kit - one moment the snare is
being tickled with brushes, the next a tom tom given a thwack with a
stick - far more than 11db.


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-25 Thread Pat Farrell
liffy99 wrote:
 Wow - 2db ? So virtually all of my rock recordings will have been
 clipped during mastering ?

Clipped during mastering is such an ugly concept.
But virtually all rock recordings are compressed past death as part of
the Loudness Wars.

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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-25 Thread Nonreality

liffy99;332205 Wrote: 
 11db ? So peak volume =100db (which is the same as Odb ?) ?
 
 How does that then relate to the dynamic range of the CD medium at 96db
 ?
 
 And 11db isn't much when looking at peaks at all (about 12 times
 louder). Think of the contrast in a drum kit - one moment the snare is
 being tickled with brushes, the next a tom tom given a thwack with a
 stick - far more than 11db.
Yes but the snare being tickled by the brushes is not starting at 89. 
I would hope not at least.  Like I suggested before, read up on the
loudness wars, it will really help you understand dynamic range and
what's going on now in pop and rock recordings.  As you use replay gain
you'll see that older recordings have smaller numbers and the newer ones
much larger.  The are making all the sound louder with no regard to
dynamic range.  In the older albums you could have a difference in what
you were talking about of maybe 25dbs and you would really notice the
snap of the drum, and now that might be 6 or 7. It doesn't have the
impact that it use to have.  Everything in the mix is loud.  It makes
for more fatiguing listening too. Sorry if I'm not explaining this so
it makes sense.  pfarrell could probably do a much better job of
explaining all this. :)


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-24 Thread liffy99

[2] Note that there is currently an outstanding bug concerning the
Squeezebox's handling of positive ReplayGain settings. See here for the
gory details: http://bugs.slimdevices.com/show_bug.cgi?id=5119

Is this fixed yet ? Now that I've found a number of albums (mostly
classical) that do have positive RG added, I presume I'm in danger of
introducing clipping ???

Thanks for all the help - really feel I understand RG now.


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-24 Thread Nonreality

liffy99;331916 Wrote: 
 [2] Note that there is currently an outstanding bug concerning the
 Squeezebox's handling of positive ReplayGain settings. See here for the
 gory details: http://bugs.slimdevices.com/show_bug.cgi?id=5119
 
 Is this fixed yet ? Now that I've found a number of albums (mostly
 classical) that do have positive RG added, I presume I'm in danger of
 introducing clipping ???
 
 Thanks for all the help - really feel I understand RG now.What is scarier 
 than this bug is how for some reason SC handles having
replaygain tags and Soundcheck tags from Itunes.  They are basically
the same thing, just itunes version of replay gain but for some reason
someone at Slimdevices decided if you have both they should be added
together. Now for most files it just doubles the negative values as
most music has negative values.  You just sit and wonder why it's so
quiet.  But for the odd positive values, well you can figure it out. 
I've done a couple of bug reports but can't find them. One they didn't
understand and put it with another bug about soundcheck.  It wasn't the
same and had nothing to do with what I wrote. I tried again but for some
reason it didn't go through. I got tire of trying and just eliminated
all my soundcheck tags. Not happy about that as now I can't use volume
adjustment on my ipods but oh well. As far as I know it hasn't been
fixed as far as 7.1 So make sure you don't have both types of tags or
you do risk maybe speaker damage.  It would be rare to have a positive
10 replay gain but if you did it would be a bad surprise to have your
volume raised by 20db if you had it very loud to begin with.  :(


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-24 Thread snoogly

Hmmm. I used to use replay gain, but read somewhere (here or in the
documentation somewhere) that it's best not to use it. I may have
imagined it, but I am pretty sure I must have had a good reason for
disabling it in SC settings.

Am I mad, or is there a reference somewhere that it's best not to use
it?


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-24 Thread Nonreality

snoogly;332079 Wrote: 
 Hmmm. I used to use replay gain, but read somewhere (here or in the
 documentation somewhere) that it's best not to use it. I may have
 imagined it, but I am pretty sure I must have had a good reason for
 disabling it in SC settings.
 
 Am I mad, or is there a reference somewhere that it's best not to use
 it?
Really no reason not to.  Maybe there is some audiophile reason but a
lot of audiophiles use it too.  It's really needed for mixes.  If you
listen to 1 album at a time then it's not.


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-22 Thread cliveb

liffy99;331234 Wrote: 
 So still not sure why record levels are being reduced, though I see the
 lure of trying to get albums to sound equally loud at their loudest
 points - why not raise the quieter ones to the same level as RHCP (any
 compression in the mastering will still be unalterable).
I suspect that you may be confused over what factors are involved in
the perceived loudness of a track. It is important to appreciate that
the loudness of a track is not due to its peak level, but to its
average level.

Suppose you have a track that sounds quiet (because it has a low
average level) but which peaks at the maximum possible. You can't
increase its playback level without either: (a) clipping off the peaks;
or (b) compressing its dynamic range. Both operations will introduce
distortion. Therefore it is necessary instead to reduce the loud
tracks. This is a simple linear volume adjustment, and causes no
distortion.


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-22 Thread liffy99

Think I follow that CliveB, but take the following;
1 track is recorded with peaks at full volume. 0db (there may be
clipping that was introduced in the mastering process which we are
powerless to correct).
2nd track peaks at -4db.
So whu can't track 2 be amplified (normalised ?) to reach 0db peaks ?

Talking of normalising - is this a good thing to do when ripping ?

Many thanks


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-22 Thread Nonreality

mark95841;331336 Wrote: 
 If dbpoweramp was free I would not cringe every time you have
 recommended dbpoweramp, which you have done in at least 10 different
 responses I have seen so far but you really come off like you are
 getting commission from these guys for your constant recommendation.
 Recommend some free programs once in while since dbpoweramp is not the
 only choice out there or necessarily the best for everything...please.
 : )Sorry I just really like it and if you read all my posts you will
realize that I recommend mp3tag all the time also.  If it bugs you so
much just skip my posts.  And you can use quite a bit of dbpoweramp
without buying it I think. I use it, and I like it and recommend it.  I
don't get a kickback or anything but usually I tell people that have a
reason to know about it.  I also tell them that EAC is very good if
they want a free one.  If you want to repost and chew me out for
telling everyone about mp3tag then go ahead.  But I forget, that's
free.  So as long as it's free you won't cringe.  I'll try to follow
your posting guidelines. Thanks.


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-22 Thread Nonreality

liffy99;331420 Wrote: 
 Think I follow that CliveB, but take the following;
 1 track is recorded with peaks at full volume. 0db (there may be
 clipping that was introduced in the mastering process which we are
 powerless to correct).
 2nd track peaks at -4db.
 So whu can't track 2 be amplified (normalised ?) to reach 0db peaks ?
 
 Talking of normalising - is this a good thing to do when ripping ?
 
 Many thanks
If I understand you the reason is you want the differences between
tracks to remain as intended.  Some tracks are soft and some are loud,
that it why you want album gain when listening to an album as it
maintains the original differences in the tracks.


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-22 Thread Nonreality

mark95841;331336 Wrote: 
 If dbpoweramp was free I would not cringe every time you have
 recommended dbpoweramp, which you have done in at least 10 different
 responses I have seen so far but you really come off like you are
 getting commission from these guys for your constant recommendation.
 Recommend some free programs once in while since dbpoweramp is not the
 only choice out there or necessarily the best for everything...please.
 : )I'm also glad that this is the only thing you got out my post.  I was
trying to help someone not sell them something, as the foobar reference
shows.  Critics always know best.  I also recommend Mediamonkey. Now
that's a tough one.  It can be free and works well but you can also pay
for it and get added stuff you may or may not need.  Can I still do that
one?  Please...


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-22 Thread Nonreality

schiegl;331322 Wrote: 
 This piece of code from ReplayGain.pm is responsible for smartgain (and
 similar applies to smart-crossfade)
 
  
Code:

  
   if (defined $album-replay_gain()  ($class-trackAlbumMatch($client, -1) 
|| $class-trackAlbumMatch($client, 1))) {
   return $album-replay_gain();
   }
   return $track-replay_gain();
   

  
 
 1. Check if album-rg is set, if not use track-gain. Therefore always
 use album-rg if you intend to use smartgain. You should set it to
 +0.0db otherwise trackgain will be used, which is probably wrong.
 
 2. Check if the previous OR the following title is from the same
 album. If it is, use album-rg otherwise use track-rg. It has nothing
 to do with how many tracks from the same album are in your playlist,
 just what comes next or what was before.
 
 kind regards,
 Markus

So if the next song is from the same album then it uses album gain? 
Like I said I wasn't quite sure how it determined to use album gain. 
This is good to know.  Thanks


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-22 Thread cliveb

liffy99;331420 Wrote: 
 Think I follow that CliveB, but take the following;
 1 track is recorded with peaks at full volume. 0db (there may be
 clipping that was introduced in the mastering process which we are
 powerless to correct).
 2nd track peaks at -4db.
 So whu can't track 2 be amplified (normalised ?) to reach 0db peaks ?
In principle it can. If you're using ReplayGain, and if the calculated
perceived loudness of track 2 (according to its average loudness) was
less than the reference level, then you'd get a positive ReplayGain
setting, which would indeed cause a volume boost.

Let's take this step by step:
1. ReplayGain analyses the tracks and determines what their perceived
loudness will be.
2. It has a reference loudness. In principle you can set the
reference level to whatever you like. There is a default level[1] that
was chosen because it's a reasonable compromise.
3. If the analysed track is louder than the reference level, a negative
ReplayGain tag is added. If the track is quieter than the reference
level, a positive[2] ReplayGain tag is added.

[1] The default is a specific level relative to pink noise at -20dBFS,
and is somewhat confusingly referred to as 89dB. (I believe this is
because in professional cinema installations this particular level will
play at 89dB SPL - at what distance from the speakers I know not).

[2] Note that there is currently an outstanding bug concerning the
Squeezebox's handling of positive ReplayGain settings. See here for the
gory details: http://bugs.slimdevices.com/show_bug.cgi?id=5119

liffy99;331420 Wrote: 
 Talking of normalising - is this a good thing to do when ripping ?
No. Normalisation applies a linear amplitude change, as does
ReplayGain. If you use the latter, there's no point in doing the
former, and if you *do* apply normalisation when ripping then you're
permanently changing the audio data in an irreversible way. ReplayGain
operates on playback so it's far more benign.


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-22 Thread Teus de Jong

mark95841;331336 Wrote: 
 If dbpoweramp was free I would not cringe every time you have
 recommended dbpoweramp, which you have done in at least 10 different
 responses I have seen so far but you really come off like you are
 getting commission from these guys for your constant recommendation.
 Recommend some free programs once in while since dbpoweramp is not the
 only choice out there or necessarily the best for everything...please.
 : )

Why would you cringe if someone recommends a program that's not free
but works very well (and let's be realistic, the ultimate version is
still only $36).

I'm all for free programs and have a lot of respect for people who make
them. I make scripts and small programs for a totally different area and
they're free.

But it is perfectly reasonable to ask money for so excellent a program
as dbPoweramp. When I started ripping I tried EAC. Although the results
were good, I found the program a real PITA to use. I the tried
dbPoweramp: it just did what it was supposed to do. Much faster and
more intuitive than EAC and with more functionality. So I never looked
back, even when the price increased slightly with the release of
version 13.

Teus


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[slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-21 Thread liffy99

Ok - now that I've recorded loads of music, I notice even more than
before the huge volume differnces between albums. Looking at some
tracks on Audacity I can see that some have been maxed to the nines
during the production process  - all high level with little dynamic
range (e.g. Keb Mo's Suitcase) whilst others are far less
aggressively mastered.

When I tried using album gain with EAC, I noticed that levels always
seem to be reduced by a few Db. How is this gain (shouldn't that be
negative gain. What is it using as a reference to reduce the gain ?

I'd ideally like to increase the volume level of some of my quieter
albums but preserve the dynamic range - i.e. increase the min and max
levels by the same amount.

Can I do this with files that are now stored in FLAC format ? What
software would I need ? Any other tips ?

Cheers


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-21 Thread Nonreality

liffy99;331117 Wrote: 
 Ok - now that I've recorded loads of music, I notice even more than
 before the huge volume differnces between albums. Looking at some
 tracks on Audacity I can see that some have been maxed to the nines
 during the production process  - all high level with little dynamic
 range (e.g. Keb Mo's Suitcase) whilst others are far less
 aggressively mastered.
 
 When I tried using album gain with EAC, I noticed that levels always
 seem to be reduced by a few Db. How is this gain (shouldn't that be
 negative gain. What is it using as a reference to reduce the gain ?
 
 I'd ideally like to increase the volume level of some of my quieter
 albums but preserve the dynamic range - i.e. increase the min and max
 levels by the same amount.
 
 Can I do this with files that are now stored in FLAC format ? What
 software would I need ? Any other tips ?
 
 CheersI would say that most modern albums (guessing 95% and up) need a
negative replay gain.  That means that the volume needs to be lowered
to match up with other albums and not get into overiding peak values
and causing clipping.  Clipping is bad and can cause problem the least
of which is damage to your speakers.  Most replay gain programs are set
to around .89db so you normally have negative values in the replay gain.
Using dbpoweramp or foobbar you can have it tag your files with album
gain and track gain.  Album gain will keep albums that you are playing
to the same level while allowing songs to vary as they do on the
original album.  Track  gain is useful for playlists to keep individual
songs in the same volume range. It's the most important for mixes and
playlists.  You need to set volume control in the settings on the SB to
smart gain and the SB will use track gain when needed and album gain
when needed.  It works rather well.  Make sure what ever program you
use does both album and track gain. Track gain probably being the most
important if you do mixes.  If you happen to have Itunes soundcheck
tags then don't use replay gain as the Squeezecenter software doesn't
work right with both tags.  It adds them both together and causes too
much volume reduction or gain if you have a postitive replaygain
number.  Most new music runs between -5db and -12db because of the
volume wars.  Everyone wants to be noticed and dynamic range be damned.
Louder is better.  I recommend dbpoweramp and let it do it's thing.

EDIT:  Once you have replay gain working, just use your volume dial to
adjust.  The big round one usually. :)


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-21 Thread liffy99

Thanks Nonreality - very clear explanation.

I've used Foobar 2000 to add replay gain (as single album option) to a
Keb Mo recordimg - overall level reduction of 9.04 db (yikes). I'll
listen later but assume that the level of this album will now be 9db
below many others so I just need to wind the volume up when needed.

Of course this can't sort out the woeful mastering - how did this mess
ever arise ?

I remember the good old days when the source was the source and we all
spent many happy hours tweaking and changing equipment to get the best
out of it. Now not only do the manufacturers keep changing the
platforms but seems they also mess up the source itself.

aagaaghh


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-21 Thread Rick B.

liffy99;331154 Wrote: 
 I remember the good old days when the source was the source and we all
 spent many happy hours tweaking and changing equipment to get the best
 out of it. Now not only do the manufacturers keep changing the
 platforms but seems they also mess up the source itself.
 
 aagaaghh


Of couse, even in the good old days of vinyl there could be large
variances in volume btween albums depending on how hot they were cut
and on how long each side was. Put on Todd Rundgren's A Wizard, A True
Star album that clocks in near 30 minutes a side and compare it to any
album with 20 minutes a side and the difference in loudness is obvious.
Longer albums had to have their level reduced so that the squiggles on
the vinyl were narrower.

At least today we have tools like Replaygain to deal with these things
in the digital world!


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-21 Thread Skittler

I'm not necessarily a fan of Wikipedia, but this is worth a read:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudness_war


-- 
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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-21 Thread Mark Lanctot

liffy99;331154 Wrote: 
 I've used Foobar 2000 to add replay gain (as single album option) to a
 Keb Mo recordimg - overall level reduction of 9.04 db (yikes).

Try a Red Hot Chili Peppers album...-12 dB across the board.

 I'll listen later but assume that the level of this album will now be
 9db below many others so I just need to wind the volume up when needed.

Not if all your music has RG tags.  They say how to adjust playback to
achieve 89 dB average volume.  So your Keb Mo recording will be played
back at -9 dB, resulting in 89 dB average volume, and another album
with say -6 dB will be played back at -6 dB, also resulting in 89 dB
average volume, and say you have Red Hot Chili Peppers
-Californication- (one of the worst examples of loudness wars) at -12
dB, well, that'll be played back at -12 dB, resulting in 89 dB average
volume.

Of course, this is for whole albums - that the -average- volume of the
-whole- album will be 89 dB.  Individual tracks may be louder or
quieter as the artist intended.  It's much easier to understand this
concept if you only consider track gain, say in a random playlist
composed of songs from various artists out of many albums.  Then each
track is played back using an adjustment to bring it to roughly 89 dB,
so there's no volume jump between tracks.

 Of course this can't sort out the woeful mastering - how did this mess
 ever arise ?

Bad things tend to happen when record labels get involved.  ;-)  The
Wikipedia article is a very good read.

What's most disturbing about loudness wars is the fact that the damage
done to the recording is NOT corrected by ReplayGain.  The loss of
dynamic range is permanent as is digital clipping.  You can turn it
down, but if the samples are cut off, they won't come back.


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-21 Thread SuperQ

liffy99;331117 Wrote: 
 Can I do this with files that are now stored in FLAC format ? What
 software would I need ? Any other tips ?

All you need is the metaflac tool that comes with the normal FLAC
software.  I wrote a simple shell script to go through all my album
dirs and add the tags if none were found.  If you're on windows, you
will need a separate tool to do the processing and tagging because the
windows CLI is crap for scripting.


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-21 Thread liffy99

H - very interesting.

One thing that still has me a little baffled is this concept of
clipping. If I look at the waveform of a recording (say for that Red
Hot Chilli peppers stuff) I assume that the peak levels will still
remain at or below 0db. So it can't clip can it ?
The only clipping I could imagine is if you were simply turning the
wick up too far and letting the amp run past its comfort zone.

So still not sure why record levels are being reduced, though I see the
lure of trying to get albums to sound equally loud at their loudest
points - why not raise the quieter ones to the same level as RHCP (any
compression in the mastering will still be unalterable).


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-21 Thread bobkoure

Anyone know for sure how to turn RG-adjustment off for -sure- when
listening album-by-album?
I listen to MusicIP mixes a lot - and RG's a godsend for mixes. But,
when I'm listening to an entire album, I'm oft-times listening
critically and want any volume adjustment -off-.
It seems like this is what smart gain does, but maybe not.
What happens if there are no RG-album tags? Is RG-adjustment then based
on the track tags? Not what I want. What if I just write 0 to the
RG-album tags? The album adjustment isn't used at all in mixes, is it?
Thanks!


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-21 Thread Mark Lanctot

liffy99;331234 Wrote: 
 One thing that still has me a little baffled is this concept of
 clipping. If I look at the waveform of a recording (say for that Red
 Hot Chilli peppers stuff) I assume that the peak levels will still
 remain at or below 0db. So it can't clip can it ?

Well it can go right up to 0 dBFS and if you take a look at the
waveform, it flatlines there over a series of samples.  That means
there *were* samples higher than the flatline, and they're gone for
good.

It's digital clipping.  It's not the same as analog clipping but has
that same pop/crackle sound.  It's not as damaging to speakers but it's
still damaging to the sound.


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-21 Thread bobkoure

Maybe it's time for the RIAA to get back to its original charter and do
for this what they did for vinyl.
Not that I'm holding my breath.

Meanwhile, it'd be great for places like allmusic to start adding the
RG album peak/gain numbers for each album - along with a link to
something that explains what it's all about.


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-21 Thread Nonreality

bobkoure;331237 Wrote: 
 Anyone know for sure how to turn RG-adjustment off for -sure- when
 listening album-by-album?
 I listen to MusicIP mixes a lot - and RG's a godsend for mixes. But,
 when I'm listening to an entire album, I'm oft-times listening
 critically and want any volume adjustment -off-.
 It seems like this is what smart gain does, but maybe not.
 What happens if there are no RG-album tags? Is RG-adjustment then based
 on the track tags? Not what I want. What if I just write 0 to the
 RG-album tags? The album adjustment isn't used at all in mixes, is it?
 Thanks!My understanding is that Smartgain will use album gain if x amount of
tracks are from the same album.  I don't know how many it takes to kick
it in but if you play an album then it will use album gain. If they are
from multiple albums then track gain is used.  If there are no album
gain tags I do believe that it will use track gain which isn't ideal. 
If you don't want any replay gain just shut it off.  If you have both
album and track replay gain tags you really don't need to worry about
it.  It works great.


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-21 Thread schiegl

bobkoure;331237 Wrote: 
 Anyone know for sure how to turn RG-adjustment off for -sure- when
 listening album-by-album?
 I listen to MusicIP mixes a lot - and RG's a godsend for mixes. But,
 when I'm listening to an entire album, I'm oft-times listening
 critically and want any volume adjustment -off-.
 It seems like this is what smart gain does, but maybe not.
 What happens if there are no RG-album tags? Is RG-adjustment then based
 on the track tags? Not what I want. What if I just write 0 to the
 RG-album tags? The album adjustment isn't used at all in mixes, is it?
 Thanks!

This piece of code from ReplayGain.pm is responsible for smartgain (and
similar applies to smart-crossfade)


Code:


  if (defined $album-replay_gain()  ($class-trackAlbumMatch($client, -1) || 
$class-trackAlbumMatch($client, 1))) {
  return $album-replay_gain();
  }
  return $track-replay_gain();
  



1. Check if album-rg is set, if not use track-gain. Therefore always
use album-rg if you intend to use smartgain. You should set it to
+0.0db otherwise trackgain will be used, which is probably wrong.

2. Check if the previous OR the following title is from the same album.
If it is, use album-rg otherwise use track-rg. It has nothing to do with
how many tracks from the same album are in your playlist, just what
comes next or what was before.

kind regards,
Markus


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-21 Thread mark95841

Nonreality;331126 Wrote: 
 I would say that most modern albums (guessing 95% and up) need a
 negative replay gain.  That means that the volume needs to be lowered
 to match up with other albums and not get into overiding peak values
 and causing clipping.  Clipping is bad and can cause problem the least
 of which is damage to your speakers.  Most replay gain programs are set
 to around .89db so you normally have negative values in the replay gain.
 Using dbpoweramp or foobbar you can have it tag your files with album
 gain and track gain.  Album gain will keep albums that you are playing
 to the same level while allowing songs to vary as they do on the
 original album.  Track  gain is useful for playlists to keep individual
 songs in the same volume range. It's the most important for mixes and
 playlists.  You need to set volume control in the settings on the SB to
 smart gain and the SB will use track gain when needed and album gain
 when needed.  It works rather well.  Make sure what ever program you
 use does both album and track gain. Track gain probably being the most
 important if you do mixes.  If you happen to have Itunes soundcheck
 tags then don't use replay gain as the Squeezecenter software doesn't
 work right with both tags.  It adds them both together and causes too
 much volume reduction or gain if you have a postitive replaygain
 number.  Most new music runs between -5db and -12db because of the
 volume wars.  Everyone wants to be noticed and dynamic range be damned.
 Louder is better.  I recommend dbpoweramp and let it do it's thing.
 
 EDIT:  Once you have replay gain working, just use your volume dial to
 adjust.  The big round one usually. :)

If dbpoweramp was free I would not cringe every time you have
recommended dbpoweramp, which you have done in at least 10 different
responses I have seen so far but you really come off like you are
getting commission from these guys for your constant recommendation.
Recommend some free programs once in while since dbpoweramp is not the
only choice out there or necessarily the best for everything...please.
: )


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Re: [slim] Understanding Replay Gain

2008-08-21 Thread GeeJay

mark95841;331336 Wrote: 
 If dbpoweramp was free I would not cringe every time you have
 recommended dbpoweramp, which you have done in at least 10 different
 responses I have seen so far but you really come off like you are
 getting commission from these guys for your constant recommendation.
 Recommend some free programs once in while since dbpoweramp is not the
 only choice out there or necessarily the best for everything...please.
 : )

His mention of foobbar in the post you quoted was a reference to
foobar2000, which is a free program.


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