Re: Electrolytic Capacitors in Primary Circuits

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
I have to agree with Mr. Woodgate that the components between the capacitor
and the AC mains make a difference.  The available fault current on the AC
mains can be very high.  It may be 1 kA, 10 kA or even more.  A component
failure due to a short circuit can be very dramatic.  The rectifier alone
will likely limit the fault current.  If nothing else, the diodes will act
as fuses.  You could design a rectifier circuit that would allow a high
fault current, but you would have to set out to do so and you would spend a
lot of money in the process.

Besides, proper abnormal condition testing will involve simulating a short
circuit on the electrolytic capacitor.  The purpose of the test is to
verify that the system fails gracefully when the capacitor shorts out.  You
can't easily do this test on a capacitor directly across the line.  The
results of shorting out the X-capacitor are heavily dependent on the supply
circuit.

Ted Eckert
American Power Conversion/MGE
http://www.apc.com/

The items contained in this e-mail reflect the personal opinions of the
writer and are only provided for the assistance of the reader. The writer
is not speaking in an official capacity for APC, MGE or Schneider Electric.
The speaker does not represent APC's, MGE's or Schneider Electric's
official position on any matter.


   
 John Woodgate 
 jmw@jmwa.demon.c 
 o.uk  To 
 Sent by:  emc-p...@ieee.org   
 emc-p...@ieee.org  cc 
   
   Subject 
 03/16/2007 03:23  Re: Electrolytic Capacitors in  
 PMPrimary Circuits
   
   
   
   
   
   




In message
be3336be85968d49be01e66d6e365b1e01b5a...@sjc1amfpew01.am.sanm.corp,
dated Fri, 16 Mar 2007, Tarver, Peter peter.tar...@sanmina-sci.com
writes:

§1.5.6 looks at X and Y capacitors, and those connected between the
primary circuit and earth.  The cathode of the electrolytic capacitor
might not connect to earth, unless the bottom end of the rectifier is
earthed.  If it doesn't connect to earth, no exception is needed.


I thin a little clarification is necessary. Between the mains conductors
and the filter capacitor are, typically, a fuse, a common-mode choke, a
rectifier diode or a bridge rectifier and a resistor to limit inrush
current. In no case that I can envisage is the filter capacitor
connected to both mains conductors. In fact, that would probably cause
it to explode.
--
OOO - Own Opinions Only. Try www.jmwa.demon.co.uk and www.isce.org.uk
There are benefits from being irrational - just ask the square root of 2.
John Woodgate, J M Woodgate and Associates, Rayleigh, Essex UK

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Re: Electrolytic Capacitors in Primary Circuits

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
Hi Jody:

UL 60950-1 1st Ed., clause 1.5.6 ('Capacitors in primary circuits') says:
'A capacitor connected between two line conductors of the PRIMARY CIRCUIT, 
or between one line
conductor and the neutral conductor, shall comply with IEC 60384-14:1993, 
subclass X1 or X2.'

The electrolytic capacitor you mentioned is connected between the 
rectifier '+' and '-', not between line conductors.

I always though it interesting that a 0.1uF film cap connected across the 
line conductors going into a rectifier had to be safety-rated.  But if you 
move it to the output side of the rectifier, there's no safety rating 
required.

Pat Lawler
SL Power Electronics Corp.

emc-p...@ieee.org wrote on 03/16/2007 11:38:25 AM:
 The electrolytic capacitor that sits between the rectifier and
 transformer in SMPS is typically not an agency approved component.
 Where is this exemption documented in 60950-1, Clause 1.5.6?

 Best Regards,

 Jody Leber
 Senior Regulatory Engineer

 jody.le...@motorola.com
 http://www.motorola.com/producttesting

 Motorola Product Testing Services
 1700 Belle Meade Court
 Lawrenceville, GA 30043

 770.338.3581  P
 404.387.1224  C
 847.761.3145  F

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Re: Electrolytic Capacitors in Primary Circuits

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
In message 
be3336be85968d49be01e66d6e365b1e01b5a...@sjc1amfpew01.am.sanm.corp, 
dated Fri, 16 Mar 2007, Tarver, Peter peter.tar...@sanmina-sci.com 
writes:

§1.5.6 looks at X and Y capacitors, and those connected between the 
primary circuit and earth.  The cathode of the electrolytic capacitor 
might not connect to earth, unless the bottom end of the rectifier is 
earthed.  If it doesn't connect to earth, no exception is needed.


I thin a little clarification is necessary. Between the mains conductors 
and the filter capacitor are, typically, a fuse, a common-mode choke, a 
rectifier diode or a bridge rectifier and a resistor to limit inrush 
current. In no case that I can envisage is the filter capacitor 
connected to both mains conductors. In fact, that would probably cause 
it to explode.
-- 
OOO - Own Opinions Only. Try www.jmwa.demon.co.uk and www.isce.org.uk
There are benefits from being irrational - just ask the square root of 2.
John Woodgate, J M Woodgate and Associates, Rayleigh, Essex UK

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RE: Electrolytic Capacitors in Primary Circuits

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
 From: Jody Leber
 Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 11:38 AM
 
 The electrolytic capacitor that sits between the rectifier 
 and transformer in SMPS is typically not an agency approved component.
 Where is this exemption documented in 60950-1, Clause 1.5.6?

Jody -

Sorry about the earlier e-mail.  Itchy trigger finger, I guess.

§1.5.6 looks at X and Y capacitors, and those connected between the primary
circuit and earth.  The cathode of the electrolytic capacitor might not
connect to earth, unless the bottom end of the rectifier is earthed.  If it
doesn't connect to earth, no exception is needed.


Regards,

Peter L. Tarver, PE
ptar...@ieee.org 

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RE: Electrolytic Capacitors in Primary Circuits

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
Pardon me, my response to Jody was sent prematurely.  Please disregard
it.

Peter

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Looking for an old piece of instrumentation

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
Does anyone out there have or know of an available Ailtech 446 power
oscillator mainframe? I bought a bunch of 190 series plug-ins, thinking they
were 180s that were compatible with my Ailtech 445 mainframe, but I was
wrong.

Thank you!

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RE: Electrolytic Capacitors in Primary Circuits

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
From: Leber Jody
 Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 11:38 AM
 
 The electrolytic capacitor that sits between the rectifier 
 and transformer in SMPS is typically not an agency approved component.
 Where is this exemption documented in 60950-1, Clause 1.5.6?

Which requirement were you referring to for which you think an exemption
is needed?


Regards,

Peter L. Tarver, PE
ptar...@ieee.org 

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RE: plenum ratings

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
 From: John Woodgate
 Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 11:40 AM
 
 It may well need to maintain its shape as well as not 
 burning. For example, PTFE won't burn, but melts.

UL 2043 looks at heat release and smoke developed.  Anything that can
retain its shape after this testing provides a bonus feature.

Regards,

Peter L. Tarver, PE
ptar...@ieee.org 

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RE: plenum ratings

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
Pete,

To be clear, you are asking about the actual plenum, not an electrical
component or wire installed in the plenum.  Correct?

If so, this would not even be an electrical or telecom question, but a
question on the flammability of building construction materials.  You would
probably find this in catalogues such as UL's red book or Factory Mutual's
directory.  The same directory that gives you fire door fire ratings.

I could be wrong.

Regards,

Don Gies, N.C.E
Senior Product Compliance Engineer
Alcatel-Lucent
Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA



From: Pete Perkins [mailto:peperkin...@cs.com] 
Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 11:43 AM
To: EMC-PSTC@listserv.ieee.org
Subject: plenum ratings

PSNet,

The briefest requests seem to generate the most questions. 

What do we collectively know about needed ratings for plastic
plenums?  

I believe this is more for electrical than telecomm, but that's not
clear yet.  

Load me up; your comments are appreciated.  

:) br, Pete
 
Peter E Perkins, PE
Principal Product Safety Engineer
PO Box 23427
Tigard, ORe  97281-3427
 
503/452-1201 fone/fax
p.perk...@ieee.org
 

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Re: plenum ratings

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
In message daa7e0c23f285e409c808f9d497609ba0176a...@exch2.trpz.com, 
dated Fri, 16 Mar 2007, Marko Radojicic ma...@trapezenetworks.com 
writes:

It would be great to save money and be compliant. I think I'll do an 
experiment or two in that direction.

It may well need to maintain its shape as well as not burning. For 
example, PTFE won't burn, but melts.
-- 
OOO - Own Opinions Only. Try www.jmwa.demon.co.uk and www.isce.org.uk
There are benefits from being irrational - just ask the square root of 2.
John Woodgate, J M Woodgate and Associates, Rayleigh, Essex UK

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Electrolytic Capacitors in Primary Circuits

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
The electrolytic capacitor that sits between the rectifier and
transformer in SMPS is typically not an agency approved component.
Where is this exemption documented in 60950-1, Clause 1.5.6?

Best Regards, 

Jody Leber 
Senior Regulatory Engineer 

jody.le...@motorola.com 
http://www.motorola.com/producttesting 

Motorola Product Testing Services 
1700 Belle Meade Court 
Lawrenceville, GA 30043 

770.338.3581  P 
404.387.1224  C 
847.761.3145  F 

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RE: plenum ratings

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
Marko,

Intertek Testing Services (Formerly Omega Point Laboratories) in
Elmendorf (near San Antonio) Texas is A2LA accredited to UL2043.

Best regards,
David

David K. Bell
Senior Compliance Engineer
Boston Acoustics Inc.
300 Jubilee Drive
Peabody, MA 01960-4030
Tel: 978-538-5177 Fax: 978-538-6226
Email: db...@bostona.com



From: emc-p...@ieee.org [mailto:emc-p...@ieee.org] On Behalf Of Marko
Radojicic
Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 1:31 PM
To: McInturff Gary; Tarver, Peter; emc-p...@ieee.org
Subject: RE: plenum ratings

I'm not sure the correct question is being asked. There are no plastic
ratings that allow you to declare your product to be Plenum Rated. The
requirement is to pass the UL2043 standard. (UL Schaumburg (sp?) is the
only lab that I've found who can perform this test. If your lab also has
this capability, please contact me off-line.)

This is analogous to the GR-63 fire spread requirements for those
working in Telecom. There is a lot of value using the most fire
retardant plastics available but that does *not* ensure you will pass
the Verizon requirements.

I'll share some painful development scars with the group - This is an
incredibly difficult test to pass if you have plastic parts. We have
found exactly *one* polymer that allows us to pass.

Your results may vary based upon your product!

Good luck,
Marko


From: emc-p...@ieee.org [mailto:emc-p...@ieee.org] On Behalf Of
McInturff Gary
Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 9:52 AM
To: Tarver, Peter; emc-p...@ieee.org
Subject: RE: plenum ratings

I don't have the NFPA reference at hand, but would it possible if using
94V5? It is intended for use, at least in 90650, is for a fire enclosure
embedded into building structure and non-movable. Combustable seems
pretty clear - although some metals burn under the right conditions and
thicknesses.
Gary 



From: emc-p...@ieee.org [mailto:emc-p...@ieee.org] On Behalf Of Tarver,
Peter
Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 9:19 AM
To: emc-p...@ieee.org
Subject: RE: plenum ratings

 From: Pete Perkins
 Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 8:43 AM
 
 What do we collectively know about needed ratings for 
 plastic plenums?  
 
 I believe this is more for electrical than telecomm, but 
 that's not clear yet.

Pete -

Considering that combustible materials are forbidden to be placed in
most ducts and plenums in the CEC and US NEC, I would think the
likelihood of a plastic plenum being safety certifiable is negligible.
Refer to NFPA 70, Section 300.22.


Regards,

Peter L. Tarver, PE
ptar...@ieee.org 



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Re: plenum ratings

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
In message 
be3336be85968d49be01e66d6e365b1e01b5a...@sjc1amfpew01.am.sanm.corp, 
dated Fri, 16 Mar 2007, Tarver, Peter peter.tar...@sanmina-sci.com 
writes:

OK, four types of ducts and plenums.

If it quacts like a duct... (;-)
-- 
OOO - Own Opinions Only. Try www.jmwa.demon.co.uk and www.isce.org.uk
There are benefits from being irrational - just ask the square root of 2.
John Woodgate, J M Woodgate and Associates, Rayleigh, Essex UK

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Re: plenum ratings

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
In message 
be3336be85968d49be01e66d6e365b1e01b5a...@sjc1amfpew01.am.sanm.corp, 
dated Fri, 16 Mar 2007, Tarver, Peter peter.tar...@sanmina-sci.com 
writes:

 From: John Woodgate
 Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 10:14 AM

 McInturff Gary writes:

 Combustable seems pretty clear - although some metals burn under the
 right conditions and thicknesses.

 All bar eight, I think, given enough thermal encouragement.
 Ag, Au, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt.

Or with very little encouragement if divided finely enough, as Al, or 
placement in a highly oxygenated environment (early Apollo mission 
disasters).

The eight I nominated are those that don't burn. I think.
-- 
OOO - Own Opinions Only. Try www.jmwa.demon.co.uk and www.isce.org.uk
There are benefits from being irrational - just ask the square root of 2.
John Woodgate, J M Woodgate and Associates, Rayleigh, Essex UK

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RE: plenum ratings

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
Peter,

Very cool idea going in the opposite direction by using lowest
flammability plastics!

It would be great to save money and be compliant. I think I'll do an
experiment or two in that direction.

Thanks,
Marko


From: emc-p...@ieee.org [mailto:emc-p...@ieee.org] On Behalf Of Tarver,
Peter
Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 10:44 AM
To: emc-p...@ieee.org
Subject: RE: plenum ratings

Hi, Marko.

 From: Marko Radojicic
 Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 10:31 AM
 
 The requirement is to pass the UL2043 
 standard. (UL Schaumburg (sp?) is the only lab that I've 
 found who can perform this test.

We went to UL's Northbrook office for UL 2043 testing.  Schaumburg may
be where UL's NBK office hides their burning characteristics test
facility.

 This is analogous to the GR-63 fire spread requirements for 
 those working in Telecom. There is a lot of value using the 
 most fire retardant plastics available but that does *not* 
 ensure you will pass the Verizon requirements.

In fact, the smoke developed ratings readily increase with more flame
retardant.  Similarly, the corrosive nature of the products of
combustion are worsened by some flame retardants.
 
 I'll share some painful development scars with the group - 
 This is an incredibly difficult test to pass if you have 
 plastic parts. We have found exactly *one* polymer that 
 allows us to pass.

We tried several enclosure materials in our UL 2043 foray.  Only one
passed, it having the lowest flammability classification of the bunch.


Regards,

Peter L. Tarver, PE
ptar...@ieee.org 

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RE: plenum ratings

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
 From: Tarver, Peter
 Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 10:25 AM
 
 NEC §300.22 is clear.  It's divided into three types of ducts 
 and plenums.

OK, four types of ducts and plenums. 

Peter

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RE: plenum ratings

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
Hi, Marko.

 From: Marko Radojicic
 Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 10:31 AM
 
 The requirement is to pass the UL2043 
 standard. (UL Schaumburg (sp?) is the only lab that I've 
 found who can perform this test.

We went to UL's Northbrook office for UL 2043 testing.  Schaumburg may
be where UL's NBK office hides their burning characteristics test
facility.

 This is analogous to the GR-63 fire spread requirements for 
 those working in Telecom. There is a lot of value using the 
 most fire retardant plastics available but that does *not* 
 ensure you will pass the Verizon requirements.

In fact, the smoke developed ratings readily increase with more flame
retardant.  Similarly, the corrosive nature of the products of
combustion are worsened by some flame retardants.
 
 I'll share some painful development scars with the group - 
 This is an incredibly difficult test to pass if you have 
 plastic parts. We have found exactly *one* polymer that 
 allows us to pass.

We tried several enclosure materials in our UL 2043 foray.  Only one
passed, it having the lowest flammability classification of the bunch.


Regards,

Peter L. Tarver, PE
ptar...@ieee.org 

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RE: plenum ratings

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
 From: John Woodgate
 Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 10:14 AM
 
 McInturff Gary writes:
 
 Combustable seems pretty clear - although some metals burn under the 
 right conditions and thicknesses.
 
 All bar eight, I think, given enough thermal encouragement. 
 Ag, Au, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt.

Or with very little encouragement if divided finely enough, as Al, or
placement in a highly oxygenated environment (early Apollo mission
disasters).


Regards,

Peter L. Tarver, PE
ptar...@ieee.org 

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RE: plenum ratings

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
Peter,

The comment I made earlier dove-tails into 300.22(c) of the NEC. Thanks for
looking up the exact references.

Cheers,
Marko


From: emc-p...@ieee.org [mailto:emc-p...@ieee.org] On Behalf Of Tarver, Peter
Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 10:25 AM
To: emc-p...@ieee.org
Subject: RE: plenum ratings

Gary -

NEC §300.22 is clear.  It's divided into three types of ducts and plenums.

300.22(a) covers ducts for dust and wood stock.  Absolutely zero electrical
items are allowed in these ducts.

300.22(b) covers duct and plenums for environmental air.  A limited amount of
electrical wiring methods are allowed and all must be inside metal.  The only
electrical devices allowed are those that directly sense or act on the air
(temperature and flow rate transducers, automatic plenum gates, etc.)

300.22(c) covers other spaces for environmental air.  These spaces are akin
to the spaces above false ceilings that are used as return air ducts.  Here is
where electrical devices evaluated against UL 2043 can be placed, plenum rated
power and signal cables evaluated against UL 910 can be run.

300.22(d) refers the reader to Article 645 for items placed under raised
floors in data processing centers.

The UL 94 test methods address only small scale properties.   Large scale
properties are addressed by flame spread and smoke developed testing
associated with Steiner tunnel and radiant heat test methods.


Regards,

Peter L. Tarver, PE
ptar...@ieee.org 

 -Original Message-
 From: McInturff Gary [mailto:gmcintu...@spraycool.com] 
 Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 9:52 AM
 To: Tarver, Peter; emc-p...@ieee.org
 Subject: RE: plenum ratings
 
 I don't have the NFPA reference at hand, but would it 
 possible if using 94V5? It is intended for use, at least in 
 90650, is for a fire enclosure embedded into building 
 structure and non-movable. Combustable seems pretty clear - 
 although some metals burn under the right conditions and thicknesses.
 Gary 
 
 
 -Original Message-
 From: emc-p...@ieee.org [mailto:emc-p...@ieee.org] On Behalf 
 Of Tarver, Peter
 Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 9:19 AM
 To: emc-p...@ieee.org
 Subject: RE: plenum ratings
 
  From: Pete Perkins
  Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 8:43 AM
  
  What do we collectively know about needed ratings for plastic 
  plenums?
  
  I believe this is more for electrical than telecomm, but that's 
  not clear yet.
 
 Pete -
 
 Considering that combustible materials are forbidden to be 
 placed in most ducts and plenums in the CEC and US NEC, I 
 would think the likelihood of a plastic plenum being safety 
 certifiable is negligible.
 Refer to NFPA 70, Section 300.22.
 
 Regards,
 
 Peter L. Tarver, PE
 ptar...@ieee.org 
 
 

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RE: plenum ratings

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
I'm not sure the correct question is being asked. There are no plastic
ratings that allow you to declare your product to be Plenum Rated. The
requirement is to pass the UL2043 standard. (UL Schaumburg (sp?) is the
only lab that I've found who can perform this test. If your lab also has
this capability, please contact me off-line.)

This is analogous to the GR-63 fire spread requirements for those
working in Telecom. There is a lot of value using the most fire
retardant plastics available but that does *not* ensure you will pass
the Verizon requirements.

I'll share some painful development scars with the group - This is an
incredibly difficult test to pass if you have plastic parts. We have
found exactly *one* polymer that allows us to pass.

Your results may vary based upon your product!

Good luck,
Marko


From: emc-p...@ieee.org [mailto:emc-p...@ieee.org] On Behalf Of
McInturff Gary
Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 9:52 AM
To: Tarver, Peter; emc-p...@ieee.org
Subject: RE: plenum ratings

I don't have the NFPA reference at hand, but would it possible if using
94V5? It is intended for use, at least in 90650, is for a fire enclosure
embedded into building structure and non-movable. Combustable seems
pretty clear - although some metals burn under the right conditions and
thicknesses.
Gary 



From: emc-p...@ieee.org [mailto:emc-p...@ieee.org] On Behalf Of Tarver,
Peter
Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 9:19 AM
To: emc-p...@ieee.org
Subject: RE: plenum ratings

 From: Pete Perkins
 Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 8:43 AM
 
 What do we collectively know about needed ratings for 
 plastic plenums?  
 
 I believe this is more for electrical than telecomm, but 
 that's not clear yet.

Pete -

Considering that combustible materials are forbidden to be placed in
most ducts and plenums in the CEC and US NEC, I would think the
likelihood of a plastic plenum being safety certifiable is negligible.
Refer to NFPA 70, Section 300.22.


Regards,

Peter L. Tarver, PE
ptar...@ieee.org 



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RE: UL924

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
 From: Grace Lin
 Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 10:10 AM
 
 The spec says that the switch  shall open all ungrounded 
 conductors.  What does that mean? 
  
 Best regards,
 Grace

In power systems, there are phase conductors (sometimes referred to as
line), grounded supply conductors (usually referred to as neutral
and equipment grounding conductors (the green wire).  The ungrounded
conductors are the phase conductors.


Regards,

Peter L. Tarver, PE
ptar...@ieee.org 

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RE: plenum ratings

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
Gary -

NEC §300.22 is clear.  It's divided into three types of ducts and plenums.

300.22(a) covers ducts for dust and wood stock.  Absolutely zero electrical
items are allowed in these ducts.

300.22(b) covers duct and plenums for environmental air.  A limited amount of
electrical wiring methods are allowed and all must be inside metal.  The only
electrical devices allowed are those that directly sense or act on the air
(temperature and flow rate transducers, automatic plenum gates, etc.)

300.22(c) covers other spaces for environmental air.  These spaces are akin
to the spaces above false ceilings that are used as return air ducts.  Here is
where electrical devices evaluated against UL 2043 can be placed, plenum rated
power and signal cables evaluated against UL 910 can be run.

300.22(d) refers the reader to Article 645 for items placed under raised
floors in data processing centers.

The UL 94 test methods address only small scale properties.   Large scale
properties are addressed by flame spread and smoke developed testing
associated with Steiner tunnel and radiant heat test methods.


Regards,

Peter L. Tarver, PE
ptar...@ieee.org 

 -Original Message-
 From: McInturff Gary [mailto:gmcintu...@spraycool.com] 
 Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 9:52 AM
 To: Tarver, Peter; emc-p...@ieee.org
 Subject: RE: plenum ratings
 
 I don't have the NFPA reference at hand, but would it 
 possible if using 94V5? It is intended for use, at least in 
 90650, is for a fire enclosure embedded into building 
 structure and non-movable. Combustable seems pretty clear - 
 although some metals burn under the right conditions and thicknesses.
 Gary 
 
 
 -Original Message-
 From: emc-p...@ieee.org [mailto:emc-p...@ieee.org] On Behalf 
 Of Tarver, Peter
 Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 9:19 AM
 To: emc-p...@ieee.org
 Subject: RE: plenum ratings
 
  From: Pete Perkins
  Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 8:43 AM
  
  What do we collectively know about needed ratings for plastic 
  plenums?
  
  I believe this is more for electrical than telecomm, but that's 
  not clear yet.
 
 Pete -
 
 Considering that combustible materials are forbidden to be 
 placed in most ducts and plenums in the CEC and US NEC, I 
 would think the likelihood of a plastic plenum being safety 
 certifiable is negligible.
 Refer to NFPA 70, Section 300.22.
 
 Regards,
 
 Peter L. Tarver, PE
 ptar...@ieee.org 
 
 

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Re: plenum ratings

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
In message 
51b0e17d0920404a967d381039139ad0015bc...@ds10965.spraycool.com, dated 
Fri, 16 Mar 2007, McInturff Gary gmcintu...@spraycool.com writes:

Combustable seems pretty clear - although some metals burn under the 
right conditions and
thicknesses.

All bar eight, I think, given enough thermal encouragement. Ag, Au, Ru, 
Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt.
-- 
OOO - Own Opinions Only. Try www.jmwa.demon.co.uk and www.isce.org.uk
There are benefits from being irrational - just ask the square root of 2.
John Woodgate, J M Woodgate and Associates, Rayleigh, Essex UK

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Re: UL924

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
Hi Peter,
 
Thank you very much for your explanation and John's correction.
 
After forwarding your explanation to my colleage, he asked:
 
The spec says that the switch  shall open all ungrounded conductors.  What
does that mean? 
 
Could you please help?
 
Best regards,
Grace

 
On 3/16/07, Tarver, Peter peter.tar...@sanmina-sci.com wrote: 

 From: Grace Lin
 Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 3:55 AM

 Can someone explain what the meaning of A maintained-break 
 type switch shall open all ungrounded conductors is?

Grace -

A maintained-break switch does remake the circuit when the actuation
means is released, as would be the case for a momentary switch.  Snap 
switches are examples of maintained-break switches (though I have seen
maintained-break and momentary built into a single switch).


Regards,

Peter L. Tarver, PE
 mailto:ptar...@ieee.org ptar...@ieee.org

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RE: plenum ratings

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
I don't have the NFPA reference at hand, but would it possible if using
94V5? It is intended for use, at least in 90650, is for a fire enclosure
embedded into building structure and non-movable. Combustable seems
pretty clear - although some metals burn under the right conditions and
thicknesses.
Gary 



From: emc-p...@ieee.org [mailto:emc-p...@ieee.org] On Behalf Of Tarver,
Peter
Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 9:19 AM
To: emc-p...@ieee.org
Subject: RE: plenum ratings

 From: Pete Perkins
 Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 8:43 AM
 
 What do we collectively know about needed ratings for 
 plastic plenums?  
 
 I believe this is more for electrical than telecomm, but 
 that's not clear yet.

Pete -

Considering that combustible materials are forbidden to be placed in
most ducts and plenums in the CEC and US NEC, I would think the
likelihood of a plastic plenum being safety certifiable is negligible.
Refer to NFPA 70, Section 300.22.


Regards,

Peter L. Tarver, PE
ptar...@ieee.org 



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RE: plenum ratings

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
 From: Pete Perkins
 Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 8:43 AM
 
 What do we collectively know about needed ratings for 
 plastic plenums?  
 
 I believe this is more for electrical than telecomm, but 
 that's not clear yet.

Pete -

Considering that combustible materials are forbidden to be placed in
most ducts and plenums in the CEC and US NEC, I would think the
likelihood of a plastic plenum being safety certifiable is negligible.
Refer to NFPA 70, Section 300.22.


Regards,

Peter L. Tarver, PE
ptar...@ieee.org 



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RE: UL924

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
 From: John Woodgate
 Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 8:25 AM
 
 Tarver, Peter writes:
 
 A maintained-break switch does remake the circuit when the actu
 
 I think the word 'not' is missing.


Right you are.

Peter 


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Re: plenum ratings

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
Hello Pete,

There are different requirements depending on how the plastics are used.

If the plastics are part of the structure of the plenum, insulation used in
the plenum or a large surface area, they will need to pass a large scale
burn test.  The applicable test for the United States is ASTM E-84, also
known as the Steiner Fire Tunnel test.  The materials must have a flame
spread index of no more than 25 and a smoke development index of no more
than 50.  The test is fairly harsh and uses samples of materials 8 meters
long.  The equivalent UL standard is UL 723.

Plastics used for small items in a plenum, such as a speaker housing, must
pass UL 2043.  This is a heat and smoke test for discrete products.

I am not as familiar with the tests for wires and cables, but there are
separate tests used.  The same Steiner Fire Tunnel is used for many of
these tests, but the procedure for cables is slightly different than for
large scale materials.  UL 2257 also has some information on plenum cables.
There is also information in UL 910.

Ted Eckert
American Power Conversion/MGE
http://www.apc.com/

The items contained in this e-mail reflect the personal opinions of the
writer and are only provided for the assistance of the reader. The writer
is not speaking in an official capacity for APC, MGE or Schneider Electric.
The speaker does not represent APC's, MGE's or Schneider Electric's
official position on any matter.


   
 Pete Perkins
 peperkinspe@cs.c 
 omTo 
 Sent by:  emc-p...@ieee.org 
 emc-p...@ieee.org  cc 
   
   Subject 
 03/16/2007 10:43  plenum ratings  
 AM
   
   
   
   
   




PSNet,

The briefest requests seem to generate the most questions.

What do we collectively know about needed ratings for plastic
plenums?

I believe this is more for electrical than telecomm, but that's not
clear yet.

Load me up; your comments are appreciated.

:) br, Pete

Peter E Perkins, PE
Principal Product Safety Engineer
PO Box 23427
Tigard, ORe  97281-3427

503/452-1201 fone/fax
p.perk...@ieee.org


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plenum ratings

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
PSNet,

The briefest requests seem to generate the most questions. 

What do we collectively know about needed ratings for plastic
plenums?  

I believe this is more for electrical than telecomm, but that's not
clear yet.  

Load me up; your comments are appreciated.  

:) br, Pete
 
Peter E Perkins, PE
Principal Product Safety Engineer
PO Box 23427
Tigard, ORe  97281-3427
 
503/452-1201 fone/fax
p.perk...@ieee.org
 

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Re: UL924

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
In message 
be3336be85968d49be01e66d6e365b1e01b5a...@sjc1amfpew01.am.sanm.corp, 
dated Fri, 16 Mar 2007, Tarver, Peter peter.tar...@sanmina-sci.com 
writes:

A maintained-break switch does remake the circuit when the actu

I think the word 'not' is missing.
-- 
OOO - Own Opinions Only. Try www.jmwa.demon.co.uk and www.isce.org.uk
There are benefits from being irrational - just ask the square root of 2.
John Woodgate, J M Woodgate and Associates, Rayleigh, Essex UK

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RE: UL924

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
 From: Grace Lin
 Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 3:55 AM
  
 Can someone explain what the meaning of A maintained-break 
 type switch shall open all ungrounded conductors is? 

Grace -

A maintained-break switch does remake the circuit when the actuation
means is released, as would be the case for a momentary switch.  Snap
switches are examples of maintained-break switches (though I have seen
maintained-break and momentary built into a single switch).


Regards,

Peter L. Tarver, PE
ptar...@ieee.org 

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RE: Medical Products: Telcorda SR-332 vs.Mil-HDBK-217

2007-03-16 Thread emc-p...@ieee.org
Jeff -
 
Having calculated reliability with both models, my input is:
 
1) Model differences:  MIL-HDBK-217F/G factors for plastic encapsulated parts,
pin-count and non-MIL quality were unrealistic in 1991 (quite pessimistic)
2) if system reliability is to be calculated from subsystem rel, subsystem rel
should use the same model.  
Otherwise the system reliability report will be inaccurate or very messy;  rel
can vary 10X to 20X depending on parameters selected
3) generic failure rates transpose from 217 to 332 using a 1000X factor. 
(carefully match the environment if using the parts-count Annex, and document
the source(s))
 
IC failure rates
217's IC failure rate extrapolations from 1980's data are no longer valid
(predicted MTBF for a 2-GHz PC is only a few minutes).  Obtain recent data and
document the source.  
 

. 
Honeywell 
David W. Sterner 
Quality Assurance Engineering 
Security  Custom Electronics 
165 Eileen Way 
P.O. Box 9035 
Syosset, NY   11791 
Phone: (516) 921-6704 x6970 
Fax # (516) 364-6953 

david.ster...@honeywell.com 
http://www.honeywell.com http://www.honeywell.com/  


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From: emc-p...@ieee.org [mailto:emc-p...@ieee.org] On Behalf Of jeff collins
Sent: Thursday, March 15, 2007 3:46 PM
To: emc-p...@ieee.org
Subject: Medical Products: Telcorda SR-332 vs.Mil-HDBK-217


Group,
 
For those of you who are involved with Medical products and MTBF Prediction,
what reliability standard/method do you use? ( Telcordia SR-332 or
MIL-HDBK-217)
 
I normally use MIL-HDBK-217 for medical products and Telcordia SR-332 for
Telecom or similar products. I'm working on a medical product where they have
requested all of their MTBF Predictions to Telcordia SR-332.
 
Thanks for any insight you may have on this topic.
 
Regards,
 
Jeff Collins
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