Re: [FFmpeg-user] Size of 10-bit 4:2:2 video streams?

2022-10-05 Thread Tobias Rapp

On 03/10/2022 09:40, Olivier Bruchez via ffmpeg-user wrote:

On 21.09.22 19:06, Carl Zwanzig wrote:


On 9/21/2022 12:59 AM, Paul B Mahol wrote:

It could be that index for frames in AVI is not listing all entries.
Hard to guess.
You could inspect file in some AVI file format analyzer.
If there is such thing available.

In theory, avicodec will do it but it's quite old, same for vitrualdubmod
and gspot (http://www.headbands.com/gspot/), but then AVI format is also
quite old. I have used gspot before and it was useful, haven't tried 
it for

this purpose.

https://greshka.net/avicheck/ has some interesting suggestions, which
eventually land on "ffmpeg -v 5 -i FILE.avi -f null -" (decode to 
null

output, turn up the error reporting.

I'll echo Paul's thoughts that the AVI is somewhat corrupt, at least the
metadata is badly wrong. It's possible that by either poking the 
metadata to
"correctness" or ignoring a lot of errors, usable video could be 
pulled out.


Thanks Marc, Paul, and onemda!

I haven't had the time to do it, but I'll try those old tools. It they 
don't work, I'll even try to write some code to extract the missing 
frames. There must be a way to read them back!


If you know a bit about the AVI chunk structure, MediaTrace (which 
basically is another output mode built into MediaInfo) could be an 
option to debug your file: https://mediaarea.net/MediaTrace


Finally, depending on the amount of time you are willing to invest, 
using a basic hex editor software for looking at the raw AVI file is 
always a possibility once you have a rough idea at which file position 
things are going wrong. Reading the binary RIFF chunk structure isn't 
too hard if you know ASCII and hexadecimal numbers :)


Regards, Tobias

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Re: [FFmpeg-user] Size of 10-bit 4:2:2 video streams?

2022-10-03 Thread Olivier Bruchez via ffmpeg-user

On 21.09.22 19:06, Carl Zwanzig wrote:


On 9/21/2022 12:59 AM, Paul B Mahol wrote:

It could be that index for frames in AVI is not listing all entries.
Hard to guess.
You could inspect file in some AVI file format analyzer.
If there is such thing available.

In theory, avicodec will do it but it's quite old, same for vitrualdubmod
and gspot (http://www.headbands.com/gspot/), but then AVI format is also
quite old. I have used gspot before and it was useful, haven't tried it for
this purpose.

https://greshka.net/avicheck/ has some interesting suggestions, which
eventually land on "ffmpeg -v 5 -i FILE.avi -f null -" (decode to null
output, turn up the error reporting.

I'll echo Paul's thoughts that the AVI is somewhat corrupt, at least the
metadata is badly wrong. It's possible that by either poking the metadata to
"correctness" or ignoring a lot of errors, usable video could be pulled out.


Thanks Marc, Paul, and onemda!

I haven't had the time to do it, but I'll try those old tools. It they 
don't work, I'll even try to write some code to extract the missing 
frames. There must be a way to read them back!


Best,

Olivier

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Re: [FFmpeg-user] Size of 10-bit 4:2:2 video streams?

2022-09-21 Thread Carl Zwanzig



The only occurrence of "non-interleaved AVI" is on avidec.c:

if (avi->non_interleaved) {
av_log(s, AV_LOG_INFO, "non-interleaved AVI\n");
clean_index(s);
}
and from a quick read of clean_index(), all that's doing is building a new 
index for a given stream. Absent other info, I'm not sure the message is 
more than information.




On 9/21/2022 12:59 AM, Paul B Mahol wrote:

It could be that index for frames in AVI is not listing all entries.
Hard to guess.
You could inspect file in some AVI file format analyzer.
If there is such thing available.


In theory, avicodec will do it but it's quite old, same for vitrualdubmod 
and gspot (http://www.headbands.com/gspot/), but then AVI format is also 
quite old. I have used gspot before and it was useful, haven't tried it for 
this purpose.


https://greshka.net/avicheck/ has some interesting suggestions, which 
eventually land on "ffmpeg -v 5 -i FILE.avi -f null -" (decode to null 
output, turn up the error reporting.


I'll echo Paul's thoughts that the AVI is somewhat corrupt, at least the 
metadata is badly wrong. It's possible that by either poking the metadata to 
"correctness" or ignoring a lot of errors, usable video could be pulled out.


Later,

z!
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Re: [FFmpeg-user] Size of 10-bit 4:2:2 video streams?

2022-09-21 Thread Paul B Mahol
On 9/21/22, Olivier Bruchez via ffmpeg-user  wrote:
> Hi Marc,
>
> Thanks for your answer.
>
>>> /So I made some further tests and discovered that my original AVI
>>> file is />/simply corrupted. It's supposed to have 88 minutes of
>>> video, but it fails />/after 38 minutes. /
>> What does "fails" mean? The player stops? Which player? The video goes
>> black
>> but playing continues? Please be specific.
>
> ffmpeg (a very recent version - or any version) will stop copying the
> stream after 00:38:50.12 (instead of 01:28:00.80):
>
> ffmpeg -i test.avi -c copy test.copy.avi
> ffmpeg version N-63101-gc92edd969a-static
> https://johnvansickle.com/ffmpeg/  Copyright (c) 2000-2022 the FFmpeg
> developers
>built with gcc 8 (Debian 8.3.0-6)
>configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-static
> --disable-debug --disable-ffplay --disable-indev=sndio
> --disable-outdev=sndio --cc=gcc --enable-fontconfig --enable-frei0r
> --enable-gnutls --enable-gmp --enable-libgme --enable-gray
> --enable-libaom --enable-libfribidi --enable-libass --enable-libvmaf
> --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb
> --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-librubberband
> --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libsrt --enable-libvorbis
> --enable-libopus --enable-libtheora --enable-libvidstab
> --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp
> --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libdav1d
> --enable-libxvid --enable-libzvbi --enable-libzimg
>libavutil  57. 36.101 / 57. 36.101
>libavcodec 59. 42.104 / 59. 42.104
>libavformat59. 30.101 / 59. 30.101
>libavdevice59.  8.101 / 59.  8.101
>libavfilter 8. 48.100 /  8. 48.100
>libswscale  6.  8.108 /  6.  8.108
>libswresample   4.  9.100 /  4.  9.100
>libpostproc56.  7.100 / 56.  7.100
> [avi @ 0x653e900] non-interleaved AVI

This 'non-interleaved AVI' can be problematic.
Does other files report similar?

> Input #0, avi, from 'test.avi':
>Duration: 01:28:00.80, start: 0.00, bitrate: 221185 kb/s
>Stream #0:0: Video: v210 (v210 / 0x30313276), yuv422p10le, 720x576,
> 25 fps, 25 tbr, 25 tbn
> Output #0, avi, to 'test.copy.avi':
>Metadata:
>  ISFT: Lavf59.30.101
>Stream #0:0: Video: v210 (v210 / 0x30313276), yuv422p10le, 720x576,
> q=2-31, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 25 tbn
> Stream mapping:
>Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (copy)
> Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
> frame=58254 fps=128 q=-1.0 Lsize=62915254kB time=00:38:50.12
> bitrate=221191.1kbits/s speed=5.12x
> video:62914320kB audio:0kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global
> headers:0kB muxing overhead: 0.001485%
>
> The exit code is zero:
>
> echo $?
> 0
>
> test.avi is still the 146-GB file I mentioned originally.
>
>> You may want to try multiple players to see what's in the file and
>> look at
>> it with ffprobe and mediainfo. Also try encoding into a different format
>> which will force ffmpeg to demux/decode the frames; that might turn up
>> something.
>
> Here are a few things I've tried:
>
> - I've checked other AVI files in our archive coming from the same
> company. They "behave" as expected, i.e. they indeed contain about 1.5
> GB per minute of video stream (SD video) and can be copied or transcoded
> from beginning to end. No problem there. I've only found one single
> problematic file.
>
> - Play the problematic file with VLC. It stops the playback after 38
> minutes as well and doesn't even display the full duration of the file
> (01:28:00).
>
> - Examine it with mediainfo (full log here
> https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1h2GxriHtvx86jxcpN41GKmJBURGO3y6P?usp=sharing).
> mediainfo says the duration is 01:28:00.800, but the "source duration"
> is 00:00:38.840 (not 38 minutes, but 38 seconds, which is weird!).
>
> - Transcode the AVI to MKV/H.264 (full command line available, but
> pretty standard). The resulting MKV file has a duration of 38 minutes
> only and can be played without any problem. Actually, I think I can do
> pretty much anything with the problematic AVI file using ffmpeg. It will
> just see it as a normal 38-minute file.
>
> - Examine the file with ffprobe (ffprobe -hide_banner -select_streams
> v:0 -show_frames). The full output log is available at the same location
> as the mediainfo output. I get information for 58254 frames, so about 38
> minutes of video.

It could be that index for frames in AVI is not listing all entries.
Hard to guess.
You could inspect file in some AVI file format analyzer.
If there is such thing available.

There could be still bug in avi demuxer but without file its very
limited to find out such bug.

>
> Thanks,
>
> Olivier
>
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Re: [FFmpeg-user] Size of 10-bit 4:2:2 video streams?

2022-09-21 Thread Olivier Bruchez via ffmpeg-user

Hi Marc,

Thanks for your answer.

/So I made some further tests and discovered that my original AVI 
file is />/simply corrupted. It's supposed to have 88 minutes of 
video, but it fails />/after 38 minutes. /
What does "fails" mean? The player stops? Which player? The video goes 
black

but playing continues? Please be specific.


ffmpeg (a very recent version - or any version) will stop copying the 
stream after 00:38:50.12 (instead of 01:28:00.80):


ffmpeg -i test.avi -c copy test.copy.avi
ffmpeg version N-63101-gc92edd969a-static 
https://johnvansickle.com/ffmpeg/  Copyright (c) 2000-2022 the FFmpeg 
developers

  built with gcc 8 (Debian 8.3.0-6)
  configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-static 
--disable-debug --disable-ffplay --disable-indev=sndio 
--disable-outdev=sndio --cc=gcc --enable-fontconfig --enable-frei0r 
--enable-gnutls --enable-gmp --enable-libgme --enable-gray 
--enable-libaom --enable-libfribidi --enable-libass --enable-libvmaf 
--enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb 
--enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-librubberband 
--enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libsrt --enable-libvorbis 
--enable-libopus --enable-libtheora --enable-libvidstab 
--enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp 
--enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libdav1d 
--enable-libxvid --enable-libzvbi --enable-libzimg

  libavutil  57. 36.101 / 57. 36.101
  libavcodec 59. 42.104 / 59. 42.104
  libavformat    59. 30.101 / 59. 30.101
  libavdevice    59.  8.101 / 59.  8.101
  libavfilter 8. 48.100 /  8. 48.100
  libswscale  6.  8.108 /  6.  8.108
  libswresample   4.  9.100 /  4.  9.100
  libpostproc    56.  7.100 / 56.  7.100
[avi @ 0x653e900] non-interleaved AVI
Input #0, avi, from 'test.avi':
  Duration: 01:28:00.80, start: 0.00, bitrate: 221185 kb/s
  Stream #0:0: Video: v210 (v210 / 0x30313276), yuv422p10le, 720x576, 
25 fps, 25 tbr, 25 tbn

Output #0, avi, to 'test.copy.avi':
  Metadata:
    ISFT    : Lavf59.30.101
  Stream #0:0: Video: v210 (v210 / 0x30313276), yuv422p10le, 720x576, 
q=2-31, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 25 tbn

Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (copy)
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
frame=58254 fps=128 q=-1.0 Lsize=62915254kB time=00:38:50.12 
bitrate=221191.1kbits/s speed=5.12x
video:62914320kB audio:0kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global 
headers:0kB muxing overhead: 0.001485%


The exit code is zero:

echo $?
0

test.avi is still the 146-GB file I mentioned originally.

You may want to try multiple players to see what's in the file and 
look at

it with ffprobe and mediainfo. Also try encoding into a different format
which will force ffmpeg to demux/decode the frames; that might turn up
something.


Here are a few things I've tried:

- I've checked other AVI files in our archive coming from the same 
company. They "behave" as expected, i.e. they indeed contain about 1.5 
GB per minute of video stream (SD video) and can be copied or transcoded 
from beginning to end. No problem there. I've only found one single 
problematic file.


- Play the problematic file with VLC. It stops the playback after 38 
minutes as well and doesn't even display the full duration of the file 
(01:28:00).


- Examine it with mediainfo (full log here 
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1h2GxriHtvx86jxcpN41GKmJBURGO3y6P?usp=sharing). 
mediainfo says the duration is 01:28:00.800, but the "source duration" 
is 00:00:38.840 (not 38 minutes, but 38 seconds, which is weird!).


- Transcode the AVI to MKV/H.264 (full command line available, but 
pretty standard). The resulting MKV file has a duration of 38 minutes 
only and can be played without any problem. Actually, I think I can do 
pretty much anything with the problematic AVI file using ffmpeg. It will 
just see it as a normal 38-minute file.


- Examine the file with ffprobe (ffprobe -hide_banner -select_streams 
v:0 -show_frames). The full output log is available at the same location 
as the mediainfo output. I get information for 58254 frames, so about 38 
minutes of video.


Thanks,

Olivier

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Re: [FFmpeg-user] Size of 10-bit 4:2:2 video streams?

2022-09-20 Thread Carl Zwanzig

Hello,

On 9/20/2022 6:11 AM, Bruchez Olivier via ffmpeg-user wrote:

So I made some further tests and discovered that my original AVI file is
simply corrupted. It's supposed to have 88 minutes of video, but it fails
after 38 minutes. 


What does "fails" mean? The player stops? Which player? The video goes black 
but playing continues? Please be specific.




I didn't notice this for the simple reason that ffmpeg "fails" (?) silently 
after 38 minutes. It doesn't output any error message. It just stops after
38 minutes. Example for an AVI-to-AVI copy:
...
frame=57978 fps=154 q=-1.0 size=62615951kB time=00:38:39.12 
bitrate=221183.0kbits/s speed=6.14x
frame=58011 fps=153 q=-1.0 size=62651535kB time=00:38:40.44 
bitrate=221182.8kbits/s speed=6.14x
frame=58047 fps=153 q=-1.0 size=62690447kB time=00:38:41.88 bitrate=221182.9kbits/s 


a) as long as the status messages continue, it doesn't look like anything 
has stopped.


b) the complete command line is missing, so we don't know what's actually 
being done.


You may want to try multiple players to see what's in the file and look at 
it with ffprobe and mediainfo. Also try encoding into a different format 
which will force ffmpeg to demux/decode the frames; that might turn up 
something.



As per the list FAQ, always include the complete command line and DO NOT 
top-post.


z!
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Re: [FFmpeg-user] Size of 10-bit 4:2:2 video streams?

2022-09-20 Thread Bruchez Olivier via ffmpeg-user
Hi all,

So I made some further tests and discovered that my original AVI file is simply 
corrupted. It's supposed to have 88 minutes of video, but it fails after 38 
minutes. That's why all the files I generated were smaller than expected.

I didn't notice this for the simple reason that ffmpeg "fails" (?) silently 
after 38 minutes. It doesn't output any error message. It just stops after 
38 minutes. Example for an AVI-to-AVI copy:

...
frame=57978 fps=154 q=-1.0 size=62615951kB time=00:38:39.12 
bitrate=221183.0kbits/s speed=6.14x
frame=58011 fps=153 q=-1.0 size=62651535kB time=00:38:40.44 
bitrate=221182.8kbits/s speed=6.14x
frame=58047 fps=153 q=-1.0 size=62690447kB time=00:38:41.88 
bitrate=221182.9kbits/s speed=6.13x
frame=58083 fps=153 q=-1.0 size=62729359kB time=00:38:43.32 
bitrate=221183.0kbits/s speed=6.13x
frame=58119 fps=153 q=-1.0 size=62768271kB time=00:38:44.76 
bitrate=221183.1kbits/s speed=6.12x
frame=58133 fps=153 q=-1.0 size=62783375kB time=00:38:45.32 
bitrate=221183.1kbits/s speed=6.12x
frame=58172 fps=153 q=-1.0 size=62825359kB time=00:38:46.88 
bitrate=221182.6kbits/s speed=6.11x
frame=58211 fps=153 q=-1.0 size=62867599kB time=00:38:48.44 
bitrate=221183.0kbits/s speed= 6.1x
frame=58254 fps=152 q=-1.0 Lsize=62915254kB time=00:38:50.12 
bitrate=221191.1kbits/s speed=6.08x
video:62914320kB audio:0kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB 
muxing overhead: 0.001485%

I guess I will have to check the file on our LTO tapes...

Does anybody have any suggestion about how I could retrieve the video stream 
after 38 minutes? Knowing that it's supposed to be "uncompressed" video (i.e. 
v210 / yuv422p10l)?

Thanks in advance,
Olivier

On 9/15/22, Bruchez Olivier via ffmpeg-user  wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I have a 10-bit 4:2:2 (yuv422p10le) AVI file containing only a video
> stream:
>
> Input #0, avi, from 'test.avi':
>   Duration: 01:28:00.80, start: 0.00, bitrate: 221185 kb/s
>   Stream #0:0: Video: v210 (v210 / 0x30313276), yuv422p10le, 720x576, 25
> fps, 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc
>
> The file has a size of 146 GB = 146004770816 bytes.
>
> Am I correct to infer that those 10-bit YUV values are grouped into 30-bit
> packets and encoded into 32-bit/4-byte packets?
>
> With 20 bits per pixel (Y + either U or V), that would give a theoretical
> file size of:
>
> 88 * 60 * 25 * 720 * 576 * (10 + 10) / 30 * 32 / 8 = 14598144 bytes
>
> Which seems to more or less match the original file size.
>
> Now here's my problem. When I extract the raw video stream:
>
> ffmpeg -i test.avi -c:v rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv422p10le -f rawvideo test.raw
>
> I get a RAW video file with a size of 96 GB = 96636395520 bytes. I’ve lost
> one third of the video stream.
>
> Another strange thing: if I copy the video stream to another AVI file:
>
> ffmpeg -i test.avi -c copy test.copy.avi
>
> The resulting file has a size of 64 GB = 64425220302 bytes. This time I’ve
> lost 56% of the video stream.
>
> What's happening here? It seems like I’m missing something obvious.
>
> Thanks for any help,
> Olivier


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Re: [FFmpeg-user] Size of 10-bit 4:2:2 video streams?

2022-09-15 Thread Erik Dobberkau
I‘d rather like to start by asking the much simpler question whether the
processed files can be played back at all, and if so, are they visually
identical and are all other parameters identical to the source file, or are
they different in any way? If they are visually identical, are there any
measurable differences?

Erik
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Re: [FFmpeg-user] Size of 10-bit 4:2:2 video streams?

2022-09-15 Thread Rob Hallam
On Thu, 15 Sept 2022 at 13:50, Bruchez Olivier via ffmpeg-user
 wrote:
> I understand, but the file is quite large (146 GB), so it's a bit difficult 
> to share. :(

Side question: can an incomplete AVI be played? If yes/'it depends',
perhaps a portion of OP's file might be illuminating?

Cheers,
Rob
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Re: [FFmpeg-user] Size of 10-bit 4:2:2 video streams?

2022-09-15 Thread Carl Zwanzig

On 9/15/2022 5:15 AM, Paul B Mahol wrote:

Can not guess without access to the file in question.


Of course one can guess without the file. Making guesses is part of 
scientific discovery- make a guess then see if it's correct; if it's not, 
understand why and make another. Either way, people can learn from it.



Even an AVI file has some amount of packaging around the data, so when you 
remove that to a raw video file, the data is discarded. Should 1/3 of the 
file be formatting? Can't answer that myself, but it sounds high. Is there 
an audio stream in the original file? The original email says no but verify 
that anyway.



Going from AVI to AVI? Since the console output from that wasn't included my 
-guess- is that the content was repackaged into the new container and 
something of the original causes the huge increase in size.


Always include the complete output of ffmpeg commands when asking questions, 
also use the latest ffmpeg available.


z!
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Re: [FFmpeg-user] Size of 10-bit 4:2:2 video streams?

2022-09-15 Thread Bruchez Olivier via ffmpeg-user
On 15.09.22, 14:15, "one...@gmail.com"  wrote:
> > The file has a size of 146 GB = 146004770816 bytes.
>
> Can not guess without access to the file in question.

I understand, but the file is quite large (146 GB), so it's a bit difficult to 
share. :(

Olivier

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Re: [FFmpeg-user] Size of 10-bit 4:2:2 video streams?

2022-09-15 Thread Paul B Mahol
On 9/15/22, Bruchez Olivier via ffmpeg-user  wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I have a 10-bit 4:2:2 (yuv422p10le) AVI file containing only a video
> stream:
>
> Input #0, avi, from 'test.avi':
>   Duration: 01:28:00.80, start: 0.00, bitrate: 221185 kb/s
>   Stream #0:0: Video: v210 (v210 / 0x30313276), yuv422p10le, 720x576, 25
> fps, 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc
>
> The file has a size of 146 GB = 146004770816 bytes.
>
> Am I correct to infer that those 10-bit YUV values are grouped into 30-bit
> packets and encoded into 32-bit/4-byte packets?
>
> With 20 bits per pixel (Y + either U or V), that would give a theoretical
> file size of:
>
> 88 * 60 * 25 * 720 * 576 * (10 + 10) / 30 * 32 / 8 = 14598144 bytes
>
> Which seems to more or less match the original file size.
>
> Now here's my problem. When I extract the raw video stream:
>
> ffmpeg -i test.avi -c:v rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv422p10le -f rawvideo test.raw
>
> I get a RAW video file with a size of 96 GB = 96636395520 bytes. I’ve lost
> one third of the video stream.
>
> Another strange thing: if I copy the video stream to another AVI file:
>
> ffmpeg -i test.avi -c copy test.copy.avi
>
> The resulting file has a size of 64 GB = 64425220302 bytes. This time I’ve
> lost 56% of the video stream.
>
> What's happening here? It seems like I’m missing something obvious.
>

Can not guess without access to the file in question.

> Thanks for any help,
> Olivier
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[FFmpeg-user] Size of 10-bit 4:2:2 video streams?

2022-09-15 Thread Bruchez Olivier via ffmpeg-user
Hi all,

I have a 10-bit 4:2:2 (yuv422p10le) AVI file containing only a video stream:

Input #0, avi, from 'test.avi':
  Duration: 01:28:00.80, start: 0.00, bitrate: 221185 kb/s
  Stream #0:0: Video: v210 (v210 / 0x30313276), yuv422p10le, 720x576, 25 fps, 
25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc

The file has a size of 146 GB = 146004770816 bytes.

Am I correct to infer that those 10-bit YUV values are grouped into 30-bit 
packets and encoded into 32-bit/4-byte packets?

With 20 bits per pixel (Y + either U or V), that would give a theoretical file 
size of:

88 * 60 * 25 * 720 * 576 * (10 + 10) / 30 * 32 / 8 = 14598144 bytes

Which seems to more or less match the original file size.

Now here's my problem. When I extract the raw video stream:

ffmpeg -i test.avi -c:v rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv422p10le -f rawvideo test.raw

I get a RAW video file with a size of 96 GB = 96636395520 bytes. I’ve lost one 
third of the video stream.

Another strange thing: if I copy the video stream to another AVI file:

ffmpeg -i test.avi -c copy test.copy.avi

The resulting file has a size of 64 GB = 64425220302 bytes. This time I’ve lost 
56% of the video stream.

What's happening here? It seems like I’m missing something obvious.

Thanks for any help,
Olivier
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