[geo] Arctic sea ice depletion to result in rise of CO2 in atmosphere | Zee News
http://zeenews.india.com/news/eco-news/arctic-sea-ice-depletion-to-result-in-rise-of-co2-in-atmosphere_1474406.html Arctic sea ice depletion to result in rise of CO2 in atmosphere Last Updated: Tuesday, September 23, 2014 - 12:38 Washington: A new study has revealed that Arctic Sea ice helps remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and its depletion would result in an increase of atmospheric concentration of the gas. Dorte Haubjerg Sogaard, PhD Fellow, Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark and the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, said that if their results are representative, then sea ice plays a greater role than expected, and we should take this into account in future global CO2 budgets. The researchers said that they have long known that the Earth's oceans are able to absorb huge amounts of CO2. But they also thought that this did not apply to ocean areas covered by ice, because the ice was considered impenetrable. However, this is not true, as the new research shows that sea ice in the Arctic draws large amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere into the ocean. Sogaard said that the chemical removal of CO2 in sea ice occurs in two phases. First crystals of calcium carbonate are formed in sea ice in winter. During this formation CO2 splits off and is dissolved in a heavy cold brine, which gets squeezed out of the ice and sinks into the deeper parts of the ocean. Calcium carbonate cannot move as freely as CO2 and therefore it stays in the sea ice. In summer, when the sea ice melts, calcium carbonate dissolves, and CO2 is needed for this process. Thus, CO2 gets drawn from the atmosphere into the ocean -and therefore CO2 gets removed from the atmosphere. ANI -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout.
[geo] Developing a framework for responsible innovation ☆ — ScienceDirect
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733313000930?_rdoc=1_fmt=high_origin=gateway_docanchor=md5=b8429449ccfc9c30159a5f9aeaa92ffb Research Policy November 2013, Vol.42(9):1568–1580, doi:10.101… Open Access, Creative Commons license, Funding information Developing a framework for responsible innovation ☆ Jack Stilgoe, Richard Owen, Phil Macnaghten Highlights The democratic governance of emerging science and innovation is a major challenge. We describe a framework for responsible innovation that addresses social and ethical concerns. The framework has four dimensions: anticipation, reflexivity, inclusion and responsiveness. We describe the application of this framework to one geoengineering research project. We conclude that such a framework can underpin a practical and systematic approach to governance. Abstract The governance of emerging science and innovation is a major challenge for contemporary democracies. In this paper we present a framework for understanding and supporting efforts aimed at ‘responsible innovation’. The framework was developed in part through work with one of the first major research projects in the controversial area of geoengineering, funded by the UK Research Councils. We describe this case study, and how this became a location to articulate and explore four integrated dimensions of responsible innovation: anticipation, reflexivity, inclusion and responsiveness. Although the framework for responsible innovation was designed for use by the UK Research Councils and the scientific communities they support, we argue that it has more general application and relevance. Keywords Responsible innovation; Governance; Emerging technologies; Ethics; Geoengineering -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout.
[geo] Fwd: CEC14 presentations
-- Forwarded message -- From: Schäfer, Stefan stefan.schae...@iass-potsdam.de Date: Sep 23, 2014 4:24 PM Subject: CEC14 presentations To: Schäfer, Stefan stefan.schae...@iass-potsdam.de Cc: Dear colleagues, I am happy to announce that many of the presentations that were given at CEC14 are now available online. You can find them at the respective session pages on the CEC14 website (www.ce-conference.org). These are the presentations for which we were given explicit permission by their authors to post them online, as requested in an earlier email. If you would still like to have your presentation posted, feel free to send me a confirmation of this and I will have your presentation added. Best wishes, Stefan Schäfer Academic Officer Sustainable Interactions with the Atmosphere Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) Berliner Str. 130, D-14467 Potsdam Tel: 0049 331 288223 69 Fax: 0049 331 288223 10 Email: stefan.schae...@iass-potsdam.de Web: www.iass-potsdam.de -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout.
RE: [geo] Arctic sea ice depletion to result in rise of CO2 in atmosphere | Zee News
A new study has revealed that Arctic Sea ice helps remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and its depletion would result in an increase of atmospheric concentration of the gas. [?!] How does removing CO2 from air increase air CO2 concentrations? Anyway, can believe that CaCO3 precipitates and CO2 is generated as seawater freezes and brine is formed: Ca(HCO3)2aq --- CaCO3s + CO2g + H2O. But whether the CO2 is then subducted with the sinking brine or degasses to the atmosphere would seem critical to the air/ocean CO2 budget. That some CaCO3s is entrained in the the ice seems logical, but how the preceding reaction is reversed to consume this carbonate and CO2 is unclear. There would need to be a way to concentrate CO2 to generate H2CO3 to then consume the CaCO3s to (re)make Ca(HCO3)2aq. How does that happen? Anyway, if it does happen this would seem to offer a new explanation for glacial/ interglacial CO2 variations, not to mention a new method of modern day CDR - bomb sea ice sheets with limestone particles. Beneficial chemtrails on ice ;-) Greg From: geoengineering@googlegroups.com [geoengineering@googlegroups.com] on behalf of Andrew Lockley [andrew.lock...@gmail.com] Sent: Tuesday, September 23, 2014 4:56 AM To: geoengineering Subject: [geo] Arctic sea ice depletion to result in rise of CO2 in atmosphere | Zee News http://zeenews.india.com/news/eco-news/arctic-sea-ice-depletion-to-result-in-rise-of-co2-in-atmosphere_1474406.html Arctic sea ice depletion to result in rise of CO2 in atmosphere Last Updated: Tuesday, September 23, 2014 - 12:38 Washington: A new study has revealed that Arctic Sea ice helps remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and its depletion would result in an increase of atmospheric concentration of the gas. Dorte Haubjerg Sogaard, PhD Fellow, Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark and the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, said that if their results are representative, then sea ice plays a greater role than expected, and we should take this into account in future global CO2 budgets. The researchers said that they have long known that the Earth's oceans are able to absorb huge amounts of CO2. But they also thought that this did not apply to ocean areas covered by ice, because the ice was considered impenetrable. However, this is not true, as the new research shows that sea ice in the Arctic draws large amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere into the ocean. Sogaard said that the chemical removal of CO2 in sea ice occurs in two phases. First crystals of calcium carbonate are formed in sea ice in winter. During this formation CO2 splits off and is dissolved in a heavy cold brine, which gets squeezed out of the ice and sinks into the deeper parts of the ocean. Calcium carbonate cannot move as freely as CO2 and therefore it stays in the sea ice. In summer, when the sea ice melts, calcium carbonate dissolves, and CO2 is needed for this process. Thus, CO2 gets drawn from the atmosphere into the ocean -and therefore CO2 gets removed from the atmosphere. ANI -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.commailto:geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.commailto:geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout.
Re: [geo] Arctic sea ice depletion to result in rise of CO2 in atmosphere | Zee News
Agree with Greg. If there is any net effect of this process at all (relative to the no-ice situation) then quantitatively it must be tiny tiny tiny. If the alkalinity represented by the Ca2+ in the CaCO3 was in the surface ocean with no ice, that would tend to draw CO2 into the ocean. ___ Ken Caldeira Carnegie Institution for Science Dept of Global Ecology 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305 USA +1 650 704 7212 kcalde...@carnegiescience.edu http://dge.stanford.edu/labs/caldeiralab https://twitter.com/KenCaldeira Assistant: Dawn Ross dr...@carnegiescience.edu On Wed, Sep 24, 2014 at 5:45 AM, Rau, Greg r...@llnl.gov wrote: A new study has revealed that Arctic Sea ice helps remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and its depletion would result in an increase of atmospheric concentration of the gas. [?!] How does removing CO2 from air increase air CO2 concentrations? Anyway, can believe that CaCO3 precipitates and CO2 is generated as seawater freezes and brine is formed: Ca(HCO3)2aq --- CaCO3s + CO2g + H2O. But whether the CO2 is then subducted with the sinking brine or degasses to the atmosphere would seem critical to the air/ocean CO2 budget. That some CaCO3s is entrained in the the ice seems logical, but how the preceding reaction is reversed to consume this carbonate and CO2 is unclear. There would need to be a way to concentrate CO2 to generate H2CO3 to then consume the CaCO3s to (re)make Ca(HCO3)2aq. How does that happen? Anyway, if it does happen this would seem to offer a new explanation for glacial/ interglacial CO2 variations, not to mention a new method of modern day CDR - bomb sea ice sheets with limestone particles. Beneficial chemtrails on ice ;-) Greg -- *From:* geoengineering@googlegroups.com [geoengineering@googlegroups.com] on behalf of Andrew Lockley [andrew.lock...@gmail.com] *Sent:* Tuesday, September 23, 2014 4:56 AM *To:* geoengineering *Subject:* [geo] Arctic sea ice depletion to result in rise of CO2 in atmosphere | Zee News http://zeenews.india.com/news/eco-news/arctic-sea-ice-depletion-to-result-in-rise-of-co2-in-atmosphere_1474406.html Arctic sea ice depletion to result in rise of CO2 in atmosphere Last Updated: Tuesday, September 23, 2014 - 12:38 Washington: A new study has revealed that Arctic Sea ice helps remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and its depletion would result in an increase of atmospheric concentration of the gas. Dorte Haubjerg Sogaard, PhD Fellow, Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark and the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, said that if their results are representative, then sea ice plays a greater role than expected, and we should take this into account in future global CO2 budgets. The researchers said that they have long known that the Earth's oceans are able to absorb huge amounts of CO2. But they also thought that this did not apply to ocean areas covered by ice, because the ice was considered impenetrable. However, this is not true, as the new research shows that sea ice in the Arctic draws large amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere into the ocean. Sogaard said that the chemical removal of CO2 in sea ice occurs in two phases. First crystals of calcium carbonate are formed in sea ice in winter. During this formation CO2 splits off and is dissolved in a heavy cold brine, which gets squeezed out of the ice and sinks into the deeper parts of the ocean. Calcium carbonate cannot move as freely as CO2 and therefore it stays in the sea ice. In summer, when the sea ice melts, calcium carbonate dissolves, and CO2 is needed for this process. Thus, CO2 gets drawn from the atmosphere into the ocean -and therefore CO2 gets removed from the atmosphere. ANI -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit
Re: [geo] Arctic sea ice depletion to result in rise of CO2 in atmosphere | Zee News
In my reading, the wording was very confusing. Reading more carefully, it seemed to me that they were saying that there will be less CO2 in the ocean as a result of melting back of the sea ice. An open Arctic with no sea ice formation would imply less down-welling due to not forming dense brine pockets, so one mechanism would be a consequence of that, and another might be due to the greater stability of the ocean in the warm season. I did not read the paper, but, once I got past some unclear wording, the sign sort of made sense. Mike On 9/23/14 1:52 PM, Ken Caldeira kcalde...@carnegiescience.edu wrote: Agree with Greg. If there is any net effect of this process at all (relative to the no-ice situation) then quantitatively it must be tiny tiny tiny. If the alkalinity represented by the Ca2+ in the CaCO3 was in the surface ocean with no ice, that would tend to draw CO2 into the ocean. ___ Ken Caldeira Carnegie Institution for Science Dept of Global Ecology 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305 USA +1 650 704 7212 kcalde...@carnegiescience.edu http://dge.stanford.edu/labs/caldeiralab https://twitter.com/KenCaldeira Assistant: Dawn Ross dr...@carnegiescience.edu On Wed, Sep 24, 2014 at 5:45 AM, Rau, Greg r...@llnl.gov wrote: A new study has revealed that Arctic Sea ice helps remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and its depletion would result in an increase of atmospheric concentration of the gas. [?!] How does removing CO2 from air increase air CO2 concentrations? Anyway, can believe that CaCO3 precipitates and CO2 is generated as seawater freezes and brine is formed: Ca(HCO3)2aq --- CaCO3s + CO2g + H2O. But whether the CO2 is then subducted with the sinking brine or degasses to the atmosphere would seem critical to the air/ocean CO2 budget. That some CaCO3s is entrained in the the ice seems logical, but how the preceding reaction is reversed to consume this carbonate and CO2 is unclear. There would need to be a way to concentrate CO2 to generate H2CO3 to then consume the CaCO3s to (re)make Ca(HCO3)2aq. How does that happen? Anyway, if it does happen this would seem to offer a new explanation for glacial/ interglacial CO2 variations, not to mention a new method of modern day CDR - bomb sea ice sheets with limestone particles. Beneficial chemtrails on ice ;-) Greg From: geoengineering@googlegroups.com [geoengineering@googlegroups.com] on behalf of Andrew Lockley [andrew.lock...@gmail.com] Sent: Tuesday, September 23, 2014 4:56 AM To: geoengineering Subject: [geo] Arctic sea ice depletion to result in rise of CO2 in atmosphere | Zee News http://zeenews.india.com/news/eco-news/arctic-sea-ice-depletion-to-result-in- rise-of-co2-in-atmosphere_1474406.html Arctic sea ice depletion to result in rise of CO2 in atmosphere Last Updated: Tuesday, September 23, 2014 - 12:38 Washington: A new study has revealed that Arctic Sea ice helps remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and its depletion would result in an increase of atmospheric concentration of the gas. Dorte Haubjerg Sogaard, PhD Fellow, Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark and the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, said that if their results are representative, then sea ice plays a greater role than expected, and we should take this into account in future global CO2 budgets. The researchers said that they have long known that the Earth's oceans are able to absorb huge amounts of CO2. But they also thought that this did not apply to ocean areas covered by ice, because the ice was considered impenetrable. However, this is not true, as the new research shows that sea ice in the Arctic draws large amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere into the ocean. Sogaard said that the chemical removal of CO2 in sea ice occurs in two phases. First crystals of calcium carbonate are formed in sea ice in winter. During this formation CO2 splits off and is dissolved in a heavy cold brine, which gets squeezed out of the ice and sinks into the deeper parts of the ocean. Calcium carbonate cannot move as freely as CO2 and therefore it stays in the sea ice. In summer, when the sea ice melts, calcium carbonate dissolves, and CO2 is needed for this process. Thus, CO2 gets drawn from the atmosphere into the ocean -and therefore CO2 gets removed from the atmosphere. ANI -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout.
