Re: [PEIRCE-L] Phaneroscopy as a science
John, List: JFS: But people who never heard the word may occasionally stop to think about what they see, how they see it, and why they interpreted it as they did. Those thoughts are the beginning of phenomenology. Perhaps, but it is important to recognize that *Peirce's *phenomenology (hereinafter phaneroscopy) is not at all limited to *seeing *or even *perceiving*. As quotation #1 explicitly states, it encompasses not only "something that outward experience forces upon our attention," but also "the wildest of dreams" and "the most abstract and general of the conclusions of science." In other words, it observes not only the outer world of existence, but also the inner world of imagination and the logical world of mathematics (CP 8.299, 1904). Moreover, as quotation #1 also explicitly states, phaneroscopy is concerned *only *with the phaneron "as it presents itself, unreplaced by any interpretation." In other words, "why they *interpreted *it as they did" is *not *a question that it attempts to answer. JFS: But all those patterns or "hypostatizations of relations" can be represented as diagrams ... I agree, but again, diagrammatic reasoning is always an *application of mathematics* within phaneroscopy or any of the other positive sciences ( https://list.iupui.edu/sympa/arc/peirce-l/2021-08/msg00415.html). JFS: ... and they must be evaluated by the normative sciences. especially methodeutic. This is certainly true in metaphysics and the special sciences, but not in phaneroscopy. As Gary F. quoted from Peirce yesterday, "Logic must be founded on the results of Phaneroscopy, so that the *Phaneroscopist has no right to appeal to the science of logic*" (R 645, 1909). The only logic employed *within the practice of phaneroscopy* is mathematical/formal logic, which is diagrammatic reasoning, which is strictly deductive. Regards, Jon Alan Schmidt - Olathe, Kansas, USA Structural Engineer, Synechist Philosopher, Lutheran Christian www.LinkedIn.com/in/JonAlanSchmidt - twitter.com/JonAlanSchmidt On Fri, Sep 3, 2021 at 10:53 AM sowa @bestweb.net wrote: > Phenomenology or phaneroscopy is a science. In their daily lives, people > rarely practice phenomenology. But people who never heard the word may > occasionally stop to think about what they see, how they see it, and why > they interpreted it as they did. Those thoughts are the beginning of > phenomenology. Artists, scientists, and detectives may dig deeper, but > only as far as mecessary for their primary interests. In quotation #1 > below, Peirce summarizes the three "faculties which we must endeavor to > gather" for the practice of phenomenology: > > a) "The first and foremost is that rare faculty" of the artist: "the > faculty of seeing what stares one in the face, just as it presents itself, > unreplaced by any interpretation, unsophisticated by any allowance for this > or for that supposed modifying circumstance." > b) "we must strive to arm ourselves with is a resolute discrimination > which fastens itself like a bulldog upon the particular feature that we are > studying, follows it wherever it may lurk, and detects it beneath all its > disguises." > c) "The third faculty we shall need is the generalizing power of the > mathematician who produces the abstract formula that comprehends the very > essence of the feature under examination purified from all admixture of > extraneous and irrelevant accompaniments." That "abstract formula" produced > by the mathematician is the diagram. In quotation #2, he says "the geometer > draws a diagram". He calls it a hypostatization: "Intuition is the > regarding of the abstract in a concrete form, by the realistic > hypostatization of relations; that is the one sole method of valuable > thought." > > In quotation #3, he says that artists are better observers than scientists > who limit their attention to "special minutiae". A detective who is > looking for clues at a crime scene is searching for even more specialized > minutiae. The differences are the result of their goals: an esthetic > appreciation of patterns in nature, a general law that governs a certain > kind of pattern, or the discovery of a specific pattern in a specific event. > > A phenomenologist requires talents of all three: discover specific > patterns in specific events, formulate a hypothesis that explains them, and > relate the "special minutiae" to a broad vision of the whole. But all > those patterns or "hypostatizations of relations" can be represented as > diagrams, and they must be evaluated by the normative sciences. especially > methodeutic. > . > John > > --- > > 1. what we have to do, as students of phenomenology, is simply to open our > mental eyes and look well at the phenomenon and say what are the > characteristics that are never wanting in it, whether that phenomenon be > something that outward experience forces upon our attention, or whether it > be the wildest of dreams, or whether it be the most
[PEIRCE-L] Phaneroscopy as a science
Phenomenology or phaneroscopy is a science. In their daily lives, people rarely practice phenomenology. But people who never heard the word may occasionally stop to think about what they see, how they see it, and why they interpreted it as they did. Those thoughts are the beginning of phenomenology. Artists, scientists, and detectives may dig deeper, but only as far as mecessary for their primary interests. In quotation #1 below, Peirce summarizes the three "faculties which we must endeavor to gather" for the practice of phenomenology: a) "The first and foremost is that rare faculty" of the artist: "the faculty of seeing what stares one in the face, just as it presents itself, unreplaced by any interpretation, unsophisticated by any allowance for this or for that supposed modifying circumstance." b) "we must strive to arm ourselves with is a resolute discrimination which fastens itself like a bulldog upon the particular feature that we are studying, follows it wherever it may lurk, and detects it beneath all its disguises." c) "The third faculty we shall need is the generalizing power of the mathematician who produces the abstract formula that comprehends the very essence of the feature under examination purified from all admixture of extraneous and irrelevant accompaniments." That "abstract formula" produced by the mathematician is the diagram. In quotation #2, he says "the geometer draws a diagram". He calls it a hypostatization: "Intuition is the regarding of the abstract in a concrete form, by the realistic hypostatization of relations; that is the one sole method of valuable thought." In quotation #3, he says that artists are better observers than scientists who limit their attention to "special minutiae". A detective who is looking for clues at a crime scene is searching for even more specialized minutiae. The differences are the result of their goals: an esthetic appreciation of patterns in nature, a general law that governs a certain kind of pattern, or the discovery of a specific pattern in a specific event. A phenomenologist requires talents of all three: discover specific patterns in specific events, formulate a hypothesis that explains them, and relate the "special minutiae" to a broad vision of the whole. But all those patterns or "hypostatizations of relations" can be represented as diagrams, and theyt must be evaluated by the normative sciences. especially methodeutic. . John --- 1. what we have to do, as students of phenomenology, is simply to open our mental eyes and look well at the phenomenon and say what are the characteristics that are never wanting in it, whether that phenomenon be something that outward experience forces upon our attention, or whether it be the wildest of dreams, or whether it be the most abstract and general of the conclusions of science. The faculties which we must endeavor to gather for this work are three. The first and foremost is that rare faculty, the faculty of seeing what stares one in the face, just as it presents itself, unreplaced by any interpretation, unsophisticated by any allowance for this or for that supposed modifying circumstance. This is the faculty of the artist who sees for example the apparent colors of nature as they appear... The second faculty we must strive to arm ourselves with is a resolute discrimination which fastens itself like a bulldog upon the particular feature that we are studying, follows it wherever it may lurk, and detects it beneath all its disguises. The third faculty we shall need is the generalizing power of the mathematician who produces the abstract formula that comprehends the very essence of the feature under examination purified from all admixture of extraneous and irrelevant accompaniments. (EP 2:147-148, 1903) 2. The work of the poet or novelist is not so utterly different from that of the scientific man. The artist introduces a fiction; but it is not an arbitrary one; it exhibits affinities to which the mind accords a certain approval in pronouncing them beautiful, which if it is not exactly the same as saying that the synthesis is true, is something of the same general kind. The geometer draws a diagram, which if not exactly a fiction, is at least a creation, and by means of observation of that diagram he is able to synthesize and show relations between elements which before seemed to have no necessary connection. The realities compel us to put some things into very close relation and others less so, in a highly complicated, and in the sense itself unintelligible manner; but it is the genius of the mind, that takes up all these hints of sense, adds immensely to them, makes them precise, and shows them in intelligible form in the intuitions of space and time. Intuition is the regarding of the abstract in a concrete form, by the realistic hypostatization of relations; that is the one sole method of valuable thought. (W 6:187, EP 1:261-262, 188
