Re: unable to print Unicode characters in Python 3
On 28/01/2009 6:32 PM, Martin v. Löwis wrote: Next step? You need to use the Visual Studio debugger to find out where precisely the IOError comes from. Big step. I don't have Visual Studio and have never used it before. Which version of VS do I need to debug which released version of Python 2.X and where do I get that VS from? Or do I need to build Python from source to be able to debug it? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python-list Digest, Vol 64, Issue 617
Secondly, it has no way to display the image drawn on. Is it possible, or do I have to pass the image off to another module's methods? im.show() this will display the image (and any modification(s) made to it) Example: Draw a Grey Cross Over an Image import Image, ImageDraw im = Image.open(lena.pgm) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im) draw.line((0, 0) + im.size, fill=128) draw.line((0, im.size[1], im.size[0], 0), fill=128) del draw # write to stdout im.save(sys.stdout, PNG) Hope that helps That's pretty much the code I used. In fact, I borrowed it from the pdf. I just tried it, and it output %PNG. im.save(picture1.png) OR im.save(picture1 png) # not sure if it has to be PNG What was happening earlier was that the binary data was being directed to the standard output, which is where all your text is printed by a print statement (print func in Py 3000). If you open a png in notepad, you will notice that the 1st four characters are indeed %PNG, which is the magic number for a PNG file. For further info, see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_number_(programming)#Magic_numbers_in_fileshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_number_%28programming%29#Magic_numbers_in_files http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics#File_header Regards, Ferdi -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Receiving data from USB
barithegr...@gmail.com schrieb: Hi Can any body tell me how can i receive data from usb(usrp) in python. http://letmegooglethatforyou.com/?q=python+usb Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
need help
Hi guys, need help on how to read file from other server(linux). thanks a lot. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Best/better way? (histogram)
Bernard Rankin wrote: I've got several versions of code to here to generate a histogram-esque structure from rows in a CSV file. The basic approach is to use a Dict as a bucket collection to count instances of data items. Other than the try/except(KeyError) idiom for dealing with new bucket names, which I don't like as it desribes the initial state of a KeyValue _after_ you've just described what to do with the existing value, I've come up with a few other methods. What seems like to most resonable approuch? The simplest. That would be #3, cleaned up a bit: from collections import defaultdict from csv import DictReader from pprint import pprint from operator import itemgetter def rows(filename): infile = open(filename, rb) for row in DictReader(infile): yield row[CATEGORIES] def stats(values): histo = defaultdict(int) for v in values: histo[v] += 1 return sorted(histo.iteritems(), key=itemgetter(1), reverse=True) Should you need the inner dict (which doesn't seem to offer any additional information) you can always add another step: def format(items): result = [] for raw, count in items: leaf = raw.rpartition(|)[2] result.append((raw, dict(count=count, leaf=leaf))) return result pprint(format(stats(rows(sampledata.csv))), indent=4, width=60) By the way, if you had broken the problem in steps like above you could have offered four different stats() functions which would would have been a bit easier to read... Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: errno 22 instead of errno 2
Glenn Linderman wrote: open(c:\abc,rb) This simple one-line script, produces errno 22 on Python 2.6, but errno 2 on Python 2.5.2 Is this an unintentional regression? Or is this an intentional bug fix? The file doesn't exist (errno 2) but I guess on Windows it is also somewhat an invalid file name (errno 22). Yes, I'm aware that \a is ASCII 007. Using a valid, non-existent file name produces errno 2 on both versions. Just glancing quickly at the svn logs, there certainly were some changes around that area in 2008: http://svn.python.org/view/python/trunk/Objects/fileobject.c?view=log Have a look at r61468, for example. Don't know if that's caused what you're seeing but it might well be. (Don't have time just at the mo to check out the revision and rebuild). http://svn.python.org/view/python/trunk/Objects/fileobject.c?rev=61468r1=60984r2=61468 I'd question whether it's strictly a regression, unintentional or otherwise, since I doubt the code makes any particular commitment as to which error code is raised, but I'd certainly be looking askance if I had code which relied on a particular error number which then changed! Still, that's what unit tests are for, I suppose. TJG -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: self-aware list of objects able to sense constituent member alterations?
On Jan 27, 3:16 pm, Reckoner recko...@gmail.com wrote: I'm not sure this is possible, but I would like to have a list of objects A=[a,b,c,d,...,z] where, in the midst of a lot of processing I might do something like, A[0].do_something_which_changes_the_properties() which alter the properties of the object 'a'. The trick is that I would like A to be mysteriously aware that something about the object 'a' has changed so that when I revisit A, I will know that the other items in the list need to be refreshed to reflect the changes in A as a result of changing 'a'. Even better would be to automatically percolate the subsequent changes that resulted from altering 'a' for the rest of the items in the list. Naturally, all of these items are related in some parent-child fashion. that might be a lot to ask, however. Any advice appreciated. What you could do is specialize '__getitem__' (or '__getslice__') so that whenever one of its items is accessed, the item is marked as dirty or the entire list is refreshed. (Unproduced.) def taintlist(list): def __getitem__( self, key ): x= super(taintlist, self).__getitem__( self, key ) self._dirty= True self.refresh() #too early, unfortunately return x ... However, what you are probably after is something like this (unproduced): def taintlist(list): def __getitem__( self, key ): x= super(taintlist, self).__getitem__( self, key ) y= delegate( self, key, x ) return y The 'delegate' class, also unproduced, automatically delegates function calls (including member lookups) to the target. After the delegated call returns, the list is notified-- hence the three arguments to its constructor. (Unproduced.) class delegate: def __getattr__( self, key ): attr= super( delegate, self ).__getattr__( self, key ) deleg= delegate( self.owner, self.ownerkey, attr ) return deleg def __call__( self, *ar, **kw ): res= self.attr( *ar, **kw ) self.owner.markdirty( ) return res I'm not convinced it's possible, but there's a possibility... or something like it. When you call a[0].meth(), three things happen: x= '0' looked up on 'a' y= 'meth' looked up on 'x' z= 'y' called You want control over the last of these parts, so you can call a custom function instead. It becomes increasingly risky as the depth increases, such as if the target class implements custom access, I guess. In the 'delegate' shown, for example, it assumes that the result is callable. You might need: class delegate: def __getattr__( self, key ): attr= super( delegate, self ).__getattr__( self, key ) if not iscallable( attr ): return attr ... #return delegate Further, if the result is callable, that doesn't mean it will necessarily be called. You should be able to tolerate this sequence: x= '0' looked up on 'a' y= 'meth' looked up on 'x' z= attribute looked up on 'y' (instead of 'y' called) Mind if we inquire after your progress? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
ORM recommendation when using live/predefined DB?
We're trying to move to Python for a few parts of our application. We have a live database, which has been modeled for a specific use, and has other code connecting to and working with it. We'd like to reduce the amount of work we have to do in terms of keeping our python code up-to-date with schema changes, and we don't want python objects to dictate how the database should be structured. Can you recommend an ORM (or similar) package to look into? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How many followers of comp.lang.python
Grant Edwards a écrit : On 2009-01-27, Bruno Desthuilliers bruno.42.desthuilli...@websiteburo.invalid wrote: Please visit comp.databases or comp.lang.javascript for really unfriendly and unhelpful places where few happens except bickering and name-calling. I've always found comp.lang.c to be a rather dangerous place as well. Really ? I remember having learned quite a lot there too - but it was several years ago, and things may have changed. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: self-aware list of objects able to sense constituent member alterations?
On Tue, 27 Jan 2009, Reckoner wrote:
I'm not sure this is possible, but I would like to have
a list of objects
A=[a,b,c,d,...,z]
where, in the midst of a lot of processing I might do something like,
A[0].do_something_which_changes_the_properties()
which alter the properties of the object 'a'.
The trick is that I would like A to be mysteriously aware that
something about the object 'a' has changed so that when I revisit A,
I will know that the other items in the list need to be refreshed to
reflect the changes in A as a result of changing 'a'.
Even better would be to automatically percolate the subsequent changes
that resulted from altering 'a' for the rest of the items in the list.
[...]
Interesting question.
Maybe this is too simple for your purpose (or maybe just wrong!), but could
you subclass list and give it an update method which keeps a dictionary of
the state of its members and/or calls another method that makes the
appropriate changes in the other members when a change occurs, something
like:
class SelfAwareList(list):
state_dict = {}
def update(self):
for i in self:
if i.state == 'some_condition':
self.do_stuff_to_other_members()
self.state_dict[i] = i.state
def do_stuff_to_other_members(self):
print 'doing stuff...'
?
You could manually call update() on the SelfAwareList instance after calling a
method on a SelfAwareList member, or even build it into the members' methods
so that it was automatic.
HTH,
John
--
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Re: How many followers of comp.lang.python
rantingrick a écrit : On Jan 27, 10:12 am, Bruno Desthuilliers bruno. 42.desthuilli...@websiteburo.invalid wrote: All you can say is that he didn't *post* here (at least under his real identity...) for the 9 past years - this doesn't mean he never *reads* (and this, you just have no way to know). Ah, this is a good point. You have to wonder, Guido could be one of the regulars here. if you mean one of the regular posters, I have serious doubts about it. It was mostly a theoretical refutation of your conclusions. The important point is that you just *can not* tell if he's *reading* this ng or not... very interesting. We should have a vote as to who would be the most likely candidate, now that would be a good thread :) Waste of time as far as I'm concerned. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to execute a hyperlink?
Muddy Coder schreef:
Hi Folks,
Module os provides a means of running shell commands, such as:
import os
os.system('dir .')
will execute command dir
I think a hyperlink should also be executed. I tried:
os.system('http://somedomain.com/foo.cgi?name=foopasswd=bar')
but I got kicked out by the Python interpreter. I wonder somebody
knows the syntax of triggering a hyperlink? Thanks in advance!
As others have said, you can use the webbrowser module for hyperlinks.
Alternatively you can use os.startfile() which works hyperlinks and many
types of files, but only works on Windows (it does the same as
double-clicking in Windows Explorer).
--
The saddest aspect of life right now is that science gathers knowledge
faster than society gathers wisdom.
-- Isaac Asimov
Roel Schroeven
--
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Re: unable to print Unicode characters in Python 3
* John Machin (Tue, 27 Jan 2009 18:03:55 -0800 (PST)) On Jan 28, 5:56 am, Martin v. Löwis mar...@v.loewis.de wrote: The only font choice offered apart from Raster Fonts in the Command Prompt window's Properties box is Lucida Console, not Lucida Sans Unicode. It will let me print Cyrillic characters from a C program, but not Chinese. I'm off looking for how to get a better font. I have [HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Console\TrueTypeFont] 00=DejaVu Sans Mono Note that you have to /reboot/ (no, I'm not kidding) to make this work. Thorsten -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Recommendation for a small web framework like Perl's CGI::Application to run as CGI?
excord80 a écrit : I need to make a small, relatively low-traffic site that users can create accounts on and log into. Scripts must run as cgi (no mod_python or FastCGI is available). Can anyone recommend a small and simple web framework for Python, maybe similar to Perl's CGI::Application? What about: http://thraxil.org/code/cgi_app/ (yes, it is a port of CGI::Application, and FWIW it's mentionned on the CGI::Application's wiki). HTH -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Application Server
Adi Eyal a écrit : Hi All Could anyone recommend a python application server? My application consists mainly of long running background processes that need to communicate with each other. Features on my wishlist include, process pooling (each process will in general be stateless), monitoring, scheduling and a framework for inter-process communication. Ideally, I would also like to be able to cluster the app server if the need arises. I have never used Zope or Webware, but my impression is that these servers are focused on web applications with a short request-response cycle. My usage will be different since my processes will be triggered by certain events and then continue running until they complete, without sending any response at all but possibly spawning off additional processes in a workflow. I hope my description has been clear. Does such an application server exist for python? Not sure if it would fit your needs, but you may want to have a look at Twisted ? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: ORM recommendation when using live/predefined DB?
Phillip B Oldham a écrit : We're trying to move to Python for a few parts of our application. We have a live database, which has been modeled for a specific use, and has other code connecting to and working with it. We'd like to reduce the amount of work we have to do in terms of keeping our python code up-to-date with schema changes, and we don't want python objects to dictate how the database should be structured. Can you recommend an ORM (or similar) package to look into? AFAICT, SQLAlchemy is the most tolerant (and advanced) Python SQL abstraction / ORM package. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A Twisted Design Decision
On Jan 27, 9:27 pm, koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 27, 6:57 pm, Jean-Paul Calderone exar...@divmod.com wrote: On Tue, 27 Jan 2009 05:46:25 -0800 (PST), koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: Twisted, being twisted in its behavior is causing quite a lot of confusion in design decisions. I'm not sure I agree with your premise. ;) I will put forward a comparison of reactor and non-reactor patterns. The code is not exact - whatever is shown is the gist of it. For example, a message handler - in a usual scenario: class messageHandler: def run(): msg = self.get_next_msg() if not msg.send(): self.handle_failure() To handle parallel execution, we will have to use threads, but the code flow is similar. How do we do the same in a reactor pattern (Twisted)? msg.send will cause a deferred to be raised - the failure, if it happens will happen much later. i.e. other than sending messageHandler object in msg.send(), I cannot see any mechanism of running handle_failure. In Twisted: class messageHandler: def run(): msg = self.get_next_msg() msg.send(self): class msgClass: def send(o): d = deferred.addCallBack(success_handler, o).addErrBack (failure_handler, o) def failure_handler(o): o.handle_failure() This doesn't look like a correct or faithful translation of the original. Here are two possibilities. First: class messageHandler: def run(): msg = self.get_next_msg() d = msg.send() def cbSendFailed(result): if not result: self.handle_failure() d.addErrback(cbSendFailed) return d Next: class messageHandler: @inlineCallbacks def run(): msg = self.get_next_msg() if not (yield msg.send()): self.handle_failure() These are both just straight translations from your version so as to be able to handle a Deferred from `msg.send´. Basically, what I find is that a lot of functional encapsulation is now lost by following reactor pattern. handle_failure is messageHandlers code and makes for pretty viewing if called from inside messageHandler itself. But, due to the twisted nature of reactor pattern, the msg Class - who is functionally a lower class to messageHandler invoking messageHandler's code. You don't need to lose anything. I don't know what your motivation was for re-arranging the code when you wrote the Twisted version, but it doesn't appear to have been necessary. Is there a way to solve this in a more beautiful way? Am I missing something here? Hope this helps, Jean-Paul Thank you Jean-Paul. My code is more complex than what I have mentioned. When I mentioned msg.send, the msg object actually gets the data from DB etc to send. And there are many other items being done. I will try to see whether I can change the code to incorporate what you mentioned. I rewrote most of my code after learning just raw deferreds - I had planned to study inlineCallbacks - but then it slipped my mind - now it has come to bit me. :-( Hi, I tried to update the code as per the suggestion, but to no avail. My system uses Python2.4.3 (cannot move to 2.5) - so I tried to rewrite with deferredGenerators - since I thought inlineCallbacks are similar to deferredGenerators. But I cannot seem to rewrite it in a format where the functional encapsulation is not broken. i.e. as I mentioned in the first example - I have to pass SELF to child objects for them to modify it. The code was not exactly as I mentioned. I will try to explain more below: The code before Twisted was incorporated. class MessageHandler: def send_message(): if self.execute(): #Lots of checks going inside this for i in self.msgs: #Sends many messages at the same time if msg.send(): self.success += 1 else self.failure += 1 class Message: def send(): self.update_data() #The data to be sent is updated here return self.protocol.send() #Any protocol - for this example HTTP is used class Protocol: def send(): HTTP get page if page received: parse page and see parameters if parameters: return True return False The code I rewrote after Twisted was incorporated: class MessageHandler: def send_message(): if self.execute(): #Lots of checks going inside this for i in self.msgs: #Sends many messages at the same time msg.send(self): #Has to send myself to the childclass class Message: def send(h): self.h = h #The message handler object self.update_data() #The data to be sent is updated here return self.protocol.send(self) #Again, sending myself to child class
Re: Recommendation for a small web framework like Perl's CGI::Application to run as CGI?
-On [20090127 22:21], excord80 (excor...@gmail.com) wrote: I need to make a small, relatively low-traffic site that users can create accounts on and log into. Scripts must run as cgi (no mod_python or FastCGI is available). Can anyone recommend a small and simple web framework for Python, maybe similar to Perl's CGI::Application? Werkzeug[1] should be in your line, I think. [1] http://werkzeug.pocoo.org/ -- Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven asmodai(-at-)in-nomine.org / asmodai イェルーン ラウフロック ヴァン デル ウェルヴェン http://www.in-nomine.org/ | http://www.rangaku.org/ | GPG: 2EAC625B Earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: optparse question
* Pat (Tue, 27 Jan 2009 14:04:28 -0500) I had no idea people were going to get so upset that I used a Windows example and go off on a tear. Nobody is upset, and nobody has gone off on a tear. The point about the Windows example is that the docs say in a close-to-screamingly- obvious manner that /options are not supported, no matter what religion uses them. It was not, and still is not, apparent what you really wanted. We're all patiently waiting for you to rephrase the question(s). Sigh. I used an incorrect example (I sincerely apologize to the world for that egregious error on my part). I''m totally cognizant that the documentation states '-'' or '--' need to be used for flags. The question was it possible to add a simple flag like 'd-' to optparse with no other parameters? I'm guessing from the vitriolic diatribes here that the answer is no. [...] If you don't want to answer the question or don't have any meaningful to add, please don't pollute the forum with further vacuous responses. I didn't ask, or expect, you to write the code for me. christ on a stick, so many of you behave like prima donnas. You have a problem. The problem is not a Python or a technical one. It's described here - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_Deficit_Syndrome Thorsten -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: errno 22 instead of errno 2
On 28/01/2009 6:52 PM, Glenn Linderman wrote: open(c:\abc,rb) This simple one-line script, produces errno 22 on Python 2.6, but errno 2 on Python 2.5.2 Is this an unintentional regression? Or is this an intentional bug fix? The file doesn't exist (errno 2) but I guess on Windows it is also somewhat an invalid file name (errno 22). Yes, I'm aware that \a is ASCII 007. Using a valid, non-existent file name produces errno 2 on both versions. I think you will find that in Python 2.6, the exception object has both 'errno' and 'winerror' attributes, which more accurately reflect the source of the 2 different error numbers, where Python 2.5 would often store the windows error number in the errno field, leading to what you see. I tend to use something like winerror = getattr(e, 'winerror', e.errno) to handle both cases... Cheers, Mark -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Package Managment
On Wed, Jan 28, 2009 at 3:16 PM, Bernard Rankin beranki...@yahoo.com wrote: [extracted from pylons-discuss] I hate to pass the buck, but this is Python's fault for not having reliable package management built in. There's nothing Pylons can do about it except switch to another programming language. [SNIP] Without Setuptools, Pylons and TurboGears couldn't exist, and Zope and Twisted would not have been able to split themselves into several packages. People coming to Python from Perl and Ruby expect to be able to just run a command to download and install a package. That problem was solved ten years ago, so why does Python still not have it standard? If Setuptools and Virtualenv or the equivalent were built into Python, you could trust that every computer that has successfully installed Python can install packages and make virtual environments the same way.. That would eliminate 2/3 of the problems users have when installing Pylons, and the subsequent need to explain the problems and workarounds in the installation docs. At work people say, Half the trouble of Pylons is installing it, and I often have to help them install it in person because otherwise they get stuck at some error message and have no idea what to do. Agreed. I would even move ipython (or something like it) to core. Of course, even Setuptools has a long way to go in some areas. (Installation Rollback, for one.) Python is about batteries included, and these are major batteries in most modern environments. A CPAN like in-house hosted archive would nice, too. This way, modules have a better chance of outliving the original author's interest/commitment in paying for, possibly non-trivial, web hosting. I'm sure these issues has been discussed to death, but I wonder what the larger Python community thinks. You may be interested in the following: http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-April/063952.html The thread is two years and a half old, but my impression is that the situation has not changeed much since. Few if any people are against improving the situation, but more people are against the currently available solutions (setuptools, virtualenv, etc...). cheers, David -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Recommendation for a small web framework like Perl's CGI::Application to run as CGI?
On Jan 27, 2009, at 16:19 , excord80 wrote: I need to make a small, relatively low-traffic site that users can create accounts on and log into. Scripts must run as cgi (no mod_python or FastCGI is available). Can anyone recommend a small and simple web framework for Python, maybe similar to Perl's CGI::Application? Or would it just be better to roll my own? I'd strongly suggest webpy (http://webpy.org/). It is easy, works with CGI, FastCGI, etc... or you can run its own built-in server. It's very nice! bb -- Brian Blais bbl...@bryant.edu http://web.bryant.edu/~bblais -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: ORM recommendation when using live/predefined DB?
Phillip B Oldham wrote: Can you recommend an ORM (or similar) package to look into? SQLAlchemy with reflected tables. You can use straight SQL, generate it dynamically via python expressions, go with the ORM, or everything together (in a bucket :) It really pays due respect to the RDBMS, and does not try to avoid the OO-SQL gap. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Drawing and Displaying an Image with PIL
r wrote: Change this line: draw.line((0,0),(20,140), fill=128) To This: draw.line((0,0, 20,140), fill=128) And you should be good to go. Like you said, if you need to combine 2 tuples you can do: (1,2)+(3,4) Yes, that's true, but the big question is how to see the final image? Either one employees another module or writes the file into a folder, then displays it with a paint program? -- W. eWatson (121.015 Deg. W, 39.262 Deg. N) GMT-8 hr std. time) Obz Site: 39° 15' 7 N, 121° 2' 32 W, 2700 feet Web Page: www.speckledwithstars.net/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New to python, open source Mac OS X IDE?
In article 33d59aa0-e73b-45f8-bdfe-4c78717c6...@v5g2000prm.googlegroups.com, joseph.a.mar...@gmail.com joseph.a.mar...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 27, 6:47 pm, André andre.robe...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 27, 7:06 pm, joseph.a.mar...@gmail.com joseph.a.mar...@gmail.com wrote: Greetings! I've heard enough raving about Python, I'm going to see for myself what all the praise is for! I'm on a Mac. I use Netbeans for Java, PHP, and C if needed. Do you even use an IDE for Python? If you already use netbeans, what abouthttp://www.netbeans.org/features/python/ ? Wow, you guys are fast... yes, I was having trouble deciding between that (Netbeans), Smultron, or TextWrangler. Thanks! As already mentioned, both Netbeans and Komodo are good choices. A few more comments about these two appear in URL: http://ldn.linuxfoundation.org/column/debuggers-and-debugging . -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New to python, open source Mac OS X IDE?
I would recommend Netbeans with Python plugin, Eric4 and Komodo Edit, with descending order of preference 2009/1/27 joseph.a.mar...@gmail.com joseph.a.mar...@gmail.com Greetings! I've heard enough raving about Python, I'm going to see for myself what all the praise is for! I'm on a Mac. I use Netbeans for Java, PHP, and C if needed. Do you even use an IDE for Python? Any recommendations on open source Python environments? Thanks! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- I May Be the Walrus. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: self-aware list of objects able to sense constituent member alterations?
On Jan 28, 2:16 am, Reckoner recko...@gmail.com wrote: I'm not sure this is possible, but I would like to have a list of objects A=[a,b,c,d,...,z] where, in the midst of a lot of processing I might do something like, A[0].do_something_which_changes_the_properties() which alter the properties of the object 'a'. The trick is that I would like A to be mysteriously aware that something about the object 'a' has changed so that when I revisit A, I will know that the other items in the list need to be refreshed to reflect the changes in A as a result of changing 'a'. Even better would be to automatically percolate the subsequent changes that resulted from altering 'a' for the rest of the items in the list. Naturally, all of these items are related in some parent-child fashion. that might be a lot to ask, however. Any advice appreciated. I think Python Cookbook has a recipe which deals with this. - 6.12 Checking an Instance for Any State Change. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
bigint to timestamp
Hi Group, I have file with contents retrieved from mysql DB. which has a time field with type defined bigint(20) I want to parse that field into timestamp format(-MM-DD HH:MM:SS GMT) using python code. The value I found for that field is 212099016004150509 Give me sample code that does the conversion. Regds Shah -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Drawing and Displaying an Image with PIL
W. eWatson wrote: r wrote: Change this line: draw.line((0,0),(20,140), fill=128) To This: draw.line((0,0, 20,140), fill=128) And you should be good to go. Like you said, if you need to combine 2 tuples you can do: (1,2)+(3,4) Yes, that's true, but the big question is how to see the final image? Either one employees another module or writes the file into a folder, then displays it with a paint program? For debugging purposes you can just invoke the show() method im = Image.open(...) # modify image im.show() If you want to integrate the image into your own Tkinter program -- that is explained here: http://effbot.org/tkinterbook/photoimage.htm Following these instruction you code might become import Tkinter as tk import Image import ImageTk import ImageDraw import sys filename = sys.argv[1] im = Image.open(filename) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im) draw.line((0, 0) + im.size, fill=128) draw.line(((0,0),(20,140)), fill=128) root = tk.Tk() pi = ImageTk.PhotoImage(im) label = tk.Label(root, image=pi) label.pack() root.mainloop() Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Application Server
In article mailman.8176.1233117922.3487.python-l...@python.org, James Mills prolo...@shortcircuit.net.au wrote: On Wed, Jan 28, 2009 at 2:42 PM, James Mills prolo...@shortcircuit.net.au wrote: (...) Might I recommend circuits (1) as a general purpose framework that you can build your application on top of. circuits will allow you to communicate with long-running background processes, communicate between processes (by way of a Bridge). All communication in circuits is asyncroneous. circuits has also recently seen the integration of the multiprocessing package from python 2.6/3.0 so you can create processes and have inter-process communication seamlessly. In fact, parts of your system can even run on other nodes (you mentioned clustering). I should probably mention some of the components available (features); * TCPServer, TCPClient * UDPServer, UDPClient * HTTP, IRC and SMTP protocols * Web Server (with limited WSGI support) (depends on parts of CherryPy) * Timers, Timer * Logger, Debugger * ... there are many more components ... :) Building new components is fairly easy as well. . . . The big question will be whether circuits qualifies for the original poster as an application server. I agree, though, that, by the definition as it appeared at the beginning of this thread, circuits seems to be the best candidate. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New to python, open source Mac OS X IDE?
On Jan 27, 6:07 pm, Burukena buruk...@gmail.com wrote: On 1/27/09 8:44 PM, James Stroud wrote: joseph.a.mar...@gmail.com wrote: Greetings! I've heard enough raving about Python, I'm going to see for myself what all the praise is for! I'm on a Mac. I use Netbeans for Java, PHP, and C if needed. Do you even use an IDE for Python? Any recommendations on open source Python environments? Thanks! Try open komodo. I haven't used it because vim is my IDE, but it looks pretty good. James -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list Vim and a terminal works for me, specifically with screen. What does 'with screen' mean? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Drawing and Displaying an Image with PIL
On 2009-01-28, W. eWatson notval...@sbcglobal.net wrote: Yes, that's true, but the big question is how to see the final image? Either one employees another module or writes the file into a folder, then displays it with a paint program? Does im.show() not work? -Bill -- Sattre Press Tales of War http://sattre-press.com/ by Lord Dunsany i...@sattre-press.com http://sattre-press.com/tow.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Addition of multiprocessing ill-advised? (was: Python 3.0.1)
On Tue, Jan 27, 2009 at 11:36 PM, James Mills prolo...@shortcircuit.net.au wrote: On Wed, Jan 28, 2009 at 1:49 PM, Ben Finney b...@benfinney.id.au wrote: Steve Holden st...@holdenweb.com writes: I think that [Python 2.6 was a rushed release]. 2.6 showed it in the inclusion (later recognizable as somewhat ill-advised so late in the day) of multiprocessing […] Steve: It's just a new package - it used to be available as a 3rd-party package. I dare say it most definitely was -not- ill-advised. It happens to be a great addition to the standard library. What was ill-advised about the addition of the 'multiprocessing' module to Python 2.6? I ask because I haven't yet used it in anger, and am not sure what problems have been found in it. I have found no problems with it - I've recently integrated it with my event/component framework (1). In my library I use Process, Pipe and Value. cheers James Awesome James, I'll be adding this to both the multiprocessing talk, and the distributed talk. Let me know if you have any issues. -jesse -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New to python, open source Mac OS X IDE?
7stud wrote: On Jan 27, 6:07 pm, Burukena buruk...@gmail.com wrote: On 1/27/09 8:44 PM, James Stroud wrote: joseph.a.mar...@gmail.com wrote: Greetings! I've heard enough raving about Python, I'm going to see for myself what all the praise is for! I'm on a Mac. I use Netbeans for Java, PHP, and C if needed. Do you even use an IDE for Python? Any recommendations on open source Python environments? Thanks! Try open komodo. I haven't used it because vim is my IDE, but it looks pretty good. James -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list Vim and a terminal works for me, specifically with screen. What does 'with screen' mean? http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- Vince Noir: Howard... Howard... Howard... Howard... Howard... Howard... Howard... Howard... Howard... Howard... Howard... Howard? Howard Moon: This better be good. Vince Noir: You know the black bits in bananas, are they tarantulas' eggs? Howard Moon: Please don't speak to me ever again in your life. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Addition of multiprocessing ill-advised?
James Mills wrote: On Wed, Jan 28, 2009 at 1:49 PM, Ben Finney b...@benfinney.id.au wrote: Steve Holden st...@holdenweb.com writes: I think that [Python 2.6 was a rushed release]. 2.6 showed it in the inclusion (later recognizable as somewhat ill-advised so late in the day) of multiprocessing […] Steve: It's just a new package - it used to be available as a 3rd-party package. I dare say it most definitely was -not- ill-advised. It happens to be a great addition to the standard library. What was ill-advised about the addition of the 'multiprocessing' module to Python 2.6? I ask because I haven't yet used it in anger, and am not sure what problems have been found in it. I have found no problems with it - I've recently integrated it with my event/component framework (1). In my library I use Process, Pipe and Value. It will be a great library in time, but the code was immature and insufficiently tested before the 2.6 release. The decision to include it late in the release cycle There are 32 outstanding issues on multiprocessing, two of them critical and four high. Many of them are platform-specific, so if they don't hit your platform you won't mind. Jesse did a great job in the time available. It would have been more sensible to wait until 2.7 to include it in the library, IMHO, or make the decision to include it in 2.6 in a more timely fashion. The one advantage of the inclusion is that the issues have been raised now, so as long as maintenance continues the next round will be better. regards Steve -- Steve Holden+1 571 484 6266 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: bigint to timestamp
Shah Sultan Alam wrote: I have file with contents retrieved from mysql DB. which has a time field with type defined bigint(20) I want to parse that field into timestamp format(-MM-DD HH:MM:SS GMT) using python code. Try time.strftime. The value I found for that field is 212099016004150509 That looks like a bit big for digestion by strftime, so I'd suggest you first find out what the unit and offset of the value in your DB actually is. Uli -- Sator Laser GmbH Geschäftsführer: Thorsten Föcking, Amtsgericht Hamburg HR B62 932 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: need help
juvy j wrote:
Hi guys,
need help on how to read file from other server(linux).
Which service do you plan to use: FTP, HTTP and NFS are three
possibilities that immediately come to mind, all well handled by {ython
standard library modules. A little more background might help.
regards
Steve
--
Steve Holden+1 571 484 6266 +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/
--
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Re: Addition of multiprocessing ill-advised? (was: Python 3.0.1)
On Tue, Jan 27, 2009 at 10:49 PM, Ben Finney b...@benfinney.id.au wrote: (Continuing a side topic of a different discussion) Steve Holden st...@holdenweb.com writes: I think that [Python 2.6 was a rushed release]. 2.6 showed it in the inclusion (later recognizable as somewhat ill-advised so late in the day) of multiprocessing […] What was ill-advised about the addition of the 'multiprocessing' module to Python 2.6? I ask because I haven't yet used it in anger, and am not sure what problems have been found in it. -- \ Holy bouncing boiler-plated fits, Batman! —Robin | `\ | _o__) | Ben Finney -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list I might write a longer blog post about this later, but I can see Steve's point of view. The fact is, pyprocessing/multiprocessing was a late addition to Python 2.6. Personally, I was game to put it into either 2.7 or 2.6, but I felt inclusion into 2.6 wasn't completely out of question - and others agreed with me. See these mail threads: http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2008-May/079417.html http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2008-June/080011.html And so on. All of that being said; the initial conversion and merging of the code into core exposed a lot of bugs I and others didn't realize were there in the first place. I take full responsibility for that - however some of those bugs were in python-core itself (deadlock after fork anyone?). So, the road to inclusion was a bit rougher than I initially thought - I relied heavily on the skills of people who had more experience in the core than I did, and it was disruptive to the release schedule of python 2.6 due to both the bugs and instability. I however; disagree that this was ultimately a bad decision, or that it was some how indicative of a poorly managed or rushed 2.6 release. All releases have bugs, and towards the end of the 2.6 cycle, multiprocessing *was not* the release blocker. After 2.6 went out, I had a small wave of bugs filed against multiprocessing that I've been working through bit by bit (I still need to work on BSD/Solaris issues) and some of the bugs have exposed issues I simply wish weren't there but I think this is true of any package, especially one as complex as multiprocessing is. I know of plenty of people using the package now, and I know of several groups switching to 2.6 as quickly as possible due to its new features, bug fixes/etc. Multiprocessing as a package is not bug free - I'm the first to admit that - however it is useful, and being used and frankly, I maintain that it is just one step in a larger project to bring additional concurrency and distributed stuff into python-core over time. So yes, I see Steve's point - multiprocessing *was* disruptive, and it inclusion late in the game siphoned off resources that could have been used elsewhere. Again, I'll take the responsibility for soiling the pool this way. I do however think, that python 2.6 is overall a *fantastic* release both feature wise, quality wise and is quite useful for people who want to get things done (tm). Now I'm going to go back to fixing bugs. -jesse -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Addition of multiprocessing ill-advised?
On Wed, Jan 28, 2009 at 8:32 AM, Steve Holden st...@holdenweb.com wrote: ...snip... I have found no problems with it - I've recently integrated it with my event/component framework (1). In my library I use Process, Pipe and Value. It will be a great library in time, but the code was immature and insufficiently tested before the 2.6 release. The decision to include it late in the release cycle There are 32 outstanding issues on multiprocessing, two of them critical and four high. Many of them are platform-specific, so if they don't hit your platform you won't mind. See my reply to the thread I just sent out; I don't disagree with you. However, there are not 32 open bugs: http://bugs.python.org/issue?%40search_text=title=%40columns=titleid=%40columns=idcreation=creator=activity=%40columns=activity%40sort=activityactor=nosy=type=components=versions=dependencies=assignee=jnollerkeywords=priority=%40group=prioritystatus=1%40columns=statusresolution=%40pagesize=50%40startwith=0%40queryname=%40old-queryname=%40action=search Man, I hope that url comes through. As of this writing, there are 18 open bugs assigned to me for resolution. Of those, 2 are critical, but should not be - one is an enhancement I am on the fence about, and one is for platforms which have issues with semaphore support. However, I agree that there are bugs, and there will continue to be bugs. I think the quality has greatly increased since the port to core started, and we did find bugs in core as well. I also think it is more than ready for use now. Jesse did a great job in the time available. It would have been more sensible to wait until 2.7 to include it in the library, IMHO, or make the decision to include it in 2.6 in a more timely fashion. The one advantage of the inclusion is that the issues have been raised now, so as long as maintenance continues the next round will be better. Again, I don't disagree. Alas, the PEP resolution and proposal was greatly delayed due to, well, someone paying me money to do something else ;) - that being said, yes, the decision was made late in the game, and was disruptive. Maintenance is going to continue as long as I continue to have an internet connection. Heck, there are enhancements to it I really want to add, but I swore off those until the bugs are closed/resolved and my pycon talks are in the can. -jesse -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: bigint to timestamp
Shah Sultan Alam wrote: Hi Group, I have file with contents retrieved from mysql DB. which has a time field with type defined bigint(20) I want to parse that field into timestamp format(-MM-DD HH:MM:SS GMT) using python code. The value I found for that field is 212099016004150509 Give me sample code that does the conversion. Please? Perhaps you could tell us what date and time 212099016004150509 is supposed to represent? The classic format is seconds since the Unix epoch but that isn't what this is: time.localtime(212099016004150509) Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in module ValueError: timestamp out of range for platform time_t Neither does it appear to be a MySQL TIME field, since the maximum value for that would appear to be ((838*60)+59)*60+59 3020399 So, just what is this field? What do the values mean? regards Steve -- Steve Holden+1 571 484 6266 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: need help
need help on how to read file from other server(linux). Which service do you plan to use: FTP, HTTP and NFS are three possibilities that immediately come to mind, Or scp, or sftp, or rsync, or SMB, or AFS, or IMAP, or POP3, or instant-message, or VCS sync (svn/hg/git/bzr/cvs/darcs/whatever) or ... and via push or pull? A little more background might help. indeed, for the OP: http://catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html -tkc -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Application Server
Hi All Thanks for the responses - I'll look into Circuits and Twisted, the both seem to be relevant. Adi -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Addition of multiprocessing ill-advised?
Jesse Noller wrote: [...] So yes, I see Steve's point - multiprocessing *was* disruptive, and it inclusion late in the game siphoned off resources that could have been used elsewhere. Again, I'll take the responsibility for soiling the pool this way. I do however think, that python 2.6 is overall a *fantastic* release both feature wise, quality wise and is quite useful for people who want to get things done (tm). Overall I completely agree. And I don't think the decision to include it was down to you anyway, though you were certainly urging it. It was a release management issue. And 2.6 *is* a good release. Now I'm going to go back to fixing bugs. Don't forget those PyCon talks! regards Steve -- Steve Holden+1 571 484 6266 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Best/better way? (histogram)
The simplest. That would be #3, cleaned up a bit: from collections import defaultdict from csv import DictReader from pprint import pprint from operator import itemgetter def rows(filename): infile = open(filename, rb) for row in DictReader(infile): yield row[CATEGORIES] def stats(values): histo = defaultdict(int) for v in values: histo[v] += 1 return sorted(histo.iteritems(), key=itemgetter(1), reverse=True) Should you need the inner dict (which doesn't seem to offer any additional information) you can always add another step: def format(items): result = [] for raw, count in items: leaf = raw.rpartition(|)[2] result.append((raw, dict(count=count, leaf=leaf))) return result pprint(format(stats(rows(sampledata.csv))), indent=4, width=60) By the way, if you had broken the problem in steps like above you could have offered four different stats() functions which would would have been a bit easier to read... Thank you. The code reorganization does make make it easer to read. I'll have to look up the docs on itemgetter() :) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: bigint to timestamp
On Jan 28, 1:50 pm, Steve Holden st...@holdenweb.com wrote: Shah Sultan Alam wrote: Hi Group, I have file with contents retrieved from mysql DB. which has a time field with type defined bigint(20) I want to parse that field into timestamp format(-MM-DD HH:MM:SS GMT) using python code. The value I found for that field is 212099016004150509 Give me sample code that does the conversion. Please? Perhaps you could tell us what date and time 212099016004150509 is supposed to represent? The classic format is seconds since the Unix epoch but that isn't what this is: time.localtime(212099016004150509) Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in module ValueError: timestamp out of range for platform time_t Neither does it appear to be a MySQL TIME field, since the maximum value for that would appear to be ((838*60)+59)*60+59 3020399 So, just what is this field? What do the values mean? regards Steve -- Steve Holden +1 571 484 6266 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ Bit hard to guess without the actual date to compare to... and I'm a bit busy, but thought I'd throw this in the pool: I'm guessing it's a MySQL database that's had data put into it via a .NET application using the .NET DateTime (so a 20 byte int sounds about right IIRC), which is based on the number of ticks since Jan 1, 1 I think that should end up around 2[18ish digits here...]... Jon. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A Twisted Design Decision
On Wed, 28 Jan 2009 02:02:57 -0800 (PST), koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 27, 9:27 pm, koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 27, 6:57 pm, Jean-Paul Calderone exar...@divmod.com wrote: [snip] Thank you Jean-Paul. My code is more complex than what I have mentioned. When I mentioned msg.send, the msg object actually gets the data from DB etc to send. And there are many other items being done. I will try to see whether I can change the code to incorporate what you mentioned. I rewrote most of my code after learning just raw deferreds - I had planned to study inlineCallbacks - but then it slipped my mind - now it has come to bit me. :-( Hi, I tried to update the code as per the suggestion, but to no avail. My system uses Python2.4.3 (cannot move to 2.5) - so I tried to rewrite with deferredGenerators - since I thought inlineCallbacks are similar to deferredGenerators. But I cannot seem to rewrite it in a format where the functional encapsulation is not broken. i.e. as I mentioned in the first example - I have to pass SELF to child objects for them to modify it. Why? You don't do this in the original version of your code. Why do it after switching to Twisted (particularly since you seem to want *not* to)? Jean-Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Application Server
On Jan 27, 11:23 pm, Adi Eyal a...@digitaltrowel.com wrote: Hi All Could anyone recommend a python application server? My application consists mainly of long running background processes that need to communicate with each other. Features on my wishlist include, process pooling (each process will in general be stateless), monitoring, scheduling and a framework for inter-process communication. Ideally, I would also like to be able to cluster the app server if the need arises. I have never used Zope or Webware, but my impression is that these servers are focused on web applications with a short request-response cycle. My usage will be different since my processes will be triggered by certain events and then continue running until they complete, without sending any response at all but possibly spawning off additional processes in a workflow. I hope my description has been clear. Does such an application server exist for python? Thanks in advance Adi You might want to look into the SIMPL project stuff (http:// www.icanprogram.com/simpl). In particular there is a framework (SIMPL calls them softwareICs) called a proxy which sounds like exactly what you might want. bob -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Calling Python-tk code from C/C++
On Jan 27, 12:29 pm, Gabriel Genellina gagsl-...@yahoo.com.ar wrote: En Tue, 27 Jan 2009 07:42:01 -0200, Rajorshi Biswas rajor...@in.com escribió: Hello all, This is my first post to this mailing list. Our requirement is to invoke a Tkinter python panel from a C++ GUI app where both GUI windows would run in 2 separate threads. We have written a sample PyQt application which calls this Tk panel using something like this:class TkPanel(threading.Thread):def run(self): # call showPaneldef showPanel():# create window = Tk.Tk() window.mainloop()def start():t = TkPanel()t.start()Now we call this from our main python code:def startPanel(self): import tkPanel tkPanel.start() # this calls tkwindow.mainloop() in a separate thread.This works absolutely fine when the invoking app is Python. From the above description I don't see where PyQt is involved. Do you really want to mix Qt and Tk in the same application? I don't think they could coexist... -- Gabriel Genellina Check out the SIMPL project (http://www.icanprogram.com/simpl). Using that toolkit you should be able to have your C++ module exchange a message with a separate Python/Tk/SIMPL module.This might do what you are after. bob -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
how to optimize object creation/reading from file?
hi,
i am doing a series of very simple string operations on lines i am
reading from a large file (~15 million lines). i store the result of
these operations in a simple instance of a class, and then put it
inside of a hash table. i found that this is unusually slow... for
example:
class myclass(object):
__slots__ = (a, b, c, d)
def __init__(self, a, b, c, d):
self.a = a
self.b = b
self.c = c
self.d = d
def __str__(self):
return %s_%s_%s_%s %(self.a, self.b, self.c, self.d)
def __hash__(self):
return hash((self.a, self.b, self.c, self.d))
def __eq__(self, other):
return (self.a == other.a and \
self.b == other.b and \
self.c == other.c and \
self.d == other.d)
__repr__ = __str__
n = 1500
table = defaultdict(int)
t1 = time.time()
for k in range(1, n):
myobj = myclass('a' + str(k), 'b', 'c', 'd')
table[myobj] = 1
t2 = time.time()
print time: , float((t2-t1)/60.0)
this takes a very long time to run: 11 minutes!. for the sake of the
example i am not reading anything from file here but in my real code i
do. also, i do 'a' + str(k) but in my real code this is some simple
string operation on the line i read from the file. however, i found
that the above code shows the real bottle neck, since reading my file
into memory (using readlines()) takes only about 4 seconds. i then
have to iterate over these lines, but i still think that is more
efficient than the 'for line in file' approach which is even slower.
in the above code is there a way to optimize the creation of the class
instances ? i am using defaultdicts instead of ordinary ones so i dont
know how else to optimize that part of the code. is there a way to
perhaps optimize the way the class is written? if takes only 3 seconds
to read in 15 million lines into memory it doesnt make sense to me
that making them into simple objects while at it would take that much
more...
--
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Re: A Twisted Design Decision
On Jan 28, 7:10 pm, Jean-Paul Calderone exar...@divmod.com wrote: On Wed, 28 Jan 2009 02:02:57 -0800 (PST), koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 27, 9:27 pm, koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 27, 6:57 pm, Jean-Paul Calderone exar...@divmod.com wrote: [snip] Thank you Jean-Paul. My code is more complex than what I have mentioned. When I mentioned msg.send, the msg object actually gets the data from DB etc to send. And there are many other items being done. I will try to see whether I can change the code to incorporate what you mentioned. I rewrote most of my code after learning just raw deferreds - I had planned to study inlineCallbacks - but then it slipped my mind - now it has come to bit me. :-( Hi, I tried to update the code as per the suggestion, but to no avail. My system uses Python2.4.3 (cannot move to 2.5) - so I tried to rewrite with deferredGenerators - since I thought inlineCallbacks are similar to deferredGenerators. But I cannot seem to rewrite it in a format where the functional encapsulation is not broken. i.e. as I mentioned in the first example - I have to pass SELF to child objects for them to modify it. Why? You don't do this in the original version of your code. Why do it after switching to Twisted (particularly since you seem to want *not* to)? Jean-Paul Without that, I am unable to increment success and failure counters which are part of the message handler object. In the original version, if send fails the return value of protocol.send is propogated back to msg.send and to msg handler.send. But in twisted, it is not so. So, I have to pass in SELF through to increment success and failure counter. Is it possible otherwise in twisted? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python 3.0, 'Hello' 42
Hello, In the 3.0 changes list there is mentioned that -compares are not supported anymore if the compared types are different (except numbers). Like 42 Hello did return True of False depending on the implementation but is now a TypeError. But the document also mentions that the result is not strictly undefined but reproducable undetermined. Meaning, that on a given machine with a given python implementation result will always be the same. But on another machine, or with another python implementation, it might give a different result. My question now is, why this is? E.g, Is there an integer large enough so that the result changes? What circumstances influence the result? Thanks in advance. tschau, towi. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: How to execute a hyperlink?
Hi Muddy,
http://docs.python.org/library/urllib2.html may help.
Bye,
Ron.
-Original Message-
From: Muddy Coder [mailto:cosmo_gene...@yahoo.com]
Sent: Wednesday, January 28, 2009 03:00
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: How to execute a hyperlink?
Hi Folks,
Module os provides a means of running shell commands, such as:
import os
os.system('dir .')
will execute command dir
I think a hyperlink should also be executed. I tried:
os.system('http://somedomain.com/foo.cgi?name=foopasswd=bar')
but I got kicked out by the Python interpreter. I wonder somebody knows the
syntax of triggering a hyperlink? Thanks in advance!
Muddy Coder
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to optimize object creation/reading from file?
perfr...@gmail.com a écrit :
hi,
i am doing a series of very simple string operations on lines i am
reading from a large file (~15 million lines). i store the result of
these operations in a simple instance of a class, and then put it
inside of a hash table. i found that this is unusually slow... for
example:
class myclass(object):
__slots__ = (a, b, c, d)
def __init__(self, a, b, c, d):
self.a = a
self.b = b
self.c = c
self.d = d
def __str__(self):
return %s_%s_%s_%s %(self.a, self.b, self.c, self.d)
def __hash__(self):
return hash((self.a, self.b, self.c, self.d))
def __eq__(self, other):
return (self.a == other.a and \
self.b == other.b and \
self.c == other.c and \
self.d == other.d)
__repr__ = __str__
If your class really looks like that, a tuple would be enough.
n = 1500
table = defaultdict(int)
t1 = time.time()
for k in range(1, n):
hint : use xrange instead.
myobj = myclass('a' + str(k), 'b', 'c', 'd')
table[myobj] = 1
hint : if all you want is to ensure unicity, use a set instead.
t2 = time.time()
print time: , float((t2-t1)/60.0)
hint : use timeit instead.
this takes a very long time to run: 11 minutes!. for the sake of the
example i am not reading anything from file here but in my real code i
do. also, i do 'a' + str(k) but in my real code this is some simple
string operation on the line i read from the file. however, i found
that the above code shows the real bottle neck, since reading my file
into memory (using readlines()) takes only about 4 seconds. i then
have to iterate over these lines, but i still think that is more
efficient than the 'for line in file' approach which is even slower.
iterating over the file, while indeed a bit slower on a per-line basis,
avoid useless memory comsuption which can lead to disk swapping - so for
huge files, it might still be better wrt/ overall performances.
in the above code is there a way to optimize the creation of the class
instances ? i am using defaultdicts instead of ordinary ones so i dont
know how else to optimize that part of the code. is there a way to
perhaps optimize the way the class is written? if takes only 3 seconds
to read in 15 million lines into memory it doesnt make sense to me
that making them into simple objects while at it would take that much
more...
Did you bench the creation of a 15.000.000 ints list ?-)
But anyway, creating 15.000.000 instances (which is not a small number)
of your class takes many seconds - 23.466073989868164 seconds on my
(already heavily loaded) machine. Building the same number of tuples
only takes about 2.5 seconds - that is, almost 10 times less. FWIW,
tuples have all the useful characteristics of your above class (wrt/
hashing and comparison).
My 2 cents...
--
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Re: New to python, open source Mac OS X IDE?
In article bb128b21-43c4-4cf2-b3db-ede8f9079...@v18g2000pro.googlegroups.com, 7stud bbxx789_0...@yahoo.com wrote: . . . Vim and a terminal works for me, specifically with screen. What does 'with screen' mean? URL: http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to execute a hyperlink?
On Jan 27, 7:59 pm, Muddy Coder cosmo_gene...@yahoo.com wrote:
Hi Folks,
Module os provides a means of running shell commands, such as:
import os
os.system('dir .')
will execute command dir
I think a hyperlink should also be executed. I tried:
os.system('http://somedomain.com/foo.cgi?name=foopasswd=bar')
but I got kicked out by the Python interpreter. I wonder somebody
knows the syntax of triggering a hyperlink? Thanks in advance!
Muddy Coder
Like others have said, if you want a browser window, use the
'webbrowser' module. If you're looking to simply trigger a GET/POST
without the UI aspect, then you'll probably want urllib or urllib2.
Thanks,
Jeff
mcjeff.blogspot.com
--
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file date/time on windows
hi,
I noticed recently that the value of file date/time I get with python:
time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M', time.gmtime(os.stat(fullname).st_mtime))
is forwarding by one hour the real file date/time.
Example:
file A.txt: 2009-01-18 16:13
returned valeur: 2009-01-28 15:13
Is there a simple way to get it work correctely (other than adding always 1
hour ...) ?
thanks
--
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win32com.client / Trendlines
Hi there, I am trying to use win32com.client, but I do not think I fully grasp the concept. So far I copied chunk of code from the net to write my script. It worked well until I could not find any example on Trendlines. According to doc it should be as simple as: wc.Chart.SeriesCollection(1).Trendlines.Add( type=constants.xlLinear, name=Linear Trend) But I get an error: Traceback (most recent call last): File addchart.py, line 65, in ? wc2.Chart.SeriesCollection(1).Trendlines.Add ( type=constants.xlLinear, name=Linear Trend) AttributeError: 'function' object has no attribute 'Add' It looks like Trendlines indeed does not have such member function. Am I missing something, do I need to generate something particular (eg. using makepy.py) Thanks ! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A Twisted Design Decision
On Wed, 28 Jan 2009 06:30:32 -0800 (PST), koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 28, 7:10 pm, Jean-Paul Calderone exar...@divmod.com wrote: On Wed, 28 Jan 2009 02:02:57 -0800 (PST), koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 27, 9:27 pm, koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 27, 6:57 pm, Jean-Paul Calderone exar...@divmod.com wrote: [snip] Thank you Jean-Paul. My code is more complex than what I have mentioned. When I mentioned msg.send, the msg object actually gets the data from DB etc to send. And there are many other items being done. I will try to see whether I can change the code to incorporate what you mentioned. I rewrote most of my code after learning just raw deferreds - I had planned to study inlineCallbacks - but then it slipped my mind - now it has come to bit me. :-( Hi, I tried to update the code as per the suggestion, but to no avail. My system uses Python2.4.3 (cannot move to 2.5) - so I tried to rewrite with deferredGenerators - since I thought inlineCallbacks are similar to deferredGenerators. But I cannot seem to rewrite it in a format where the functional encapsulation is not broken. i.e. as I mentioned in the first example - I have to pass SELF to child objects for them to modify it. Why? You don't do this in the original version of your code. Why do it after switching to Twisted (particularly since you seem to want *not* to)? Jean-Paul Without that, I am unable to increment success and failure counters which are part of the message handler object. In the original version, if send fails the return value of protocol.send is propogated back to msg.send and to msg handler.send. But in twisted, it is not so. So, I have to pass in SELF through to increment success and failure counter. Is it possible otherwise in twisted? Why isn't the return value of protocol.send propagated back to msg.send? It sounds like it should be. Jean-Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Why doesn't eval of generator expression work with locals?
En Wed, 28 Jan 2009 01:36:57 -0200, Steve Holden st...@holdenweb.com escribió: Gabriel Genellina wrote: En Tue, 27 Jan 2009 22:17:16 -0200, Robert Kern robert.k...@gmail.com escribió: I *thought* I did understand this until I came to this example: 1) id(globals()), id(locals()) (11239760, 11239760) # ok, globals and locals are the same at the module level 2) s = (id(n) for n in [globals(),locals()]) list(eval(s)) [11239760, 11239760] # still the same results 3) s = (id(n()) for n in [globals,locals]) list(eval(s)) [11239760, 12583248] # locals() is different No, locals is different, not locals(). You are looking at two different functions that return the same object when called in the given context, that's all. Perhaps you didn't notice that I shifted the () from right to left. I'm always printing the result of *calling* globals and locals -- the only change is *where* I do call them. [id(n) for n in [globals(),locals()]] [11239760, 11239760] [id(n()) for n in [globals,locals]] [11239760, 12583248] Seems that it is important *when* those functions are evaluated, but I don't understand *why*... -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: win32com.client / Trendlines
On Jan 28, 4:21 pm, mathieu mathieu.malate...@gmail.com wrote: Hi there, I am trying to use win32com.client, but I do not think I fully grasp the concept. So far I copied chunk of code from the net to write my script. It worked well until I could not find any example on Trendlines. According to doc it should be as simple as: wc.Chart.SeriesCollection(1).Trendlines.Add( type=constants.xlLinear, name=Linear Trend) But I get an error: Traceback (most recent call last): File addchart.py, line 65, in ? wc2.Chart.SeriesCollection(1).Trendlines.Add ( type=constants.xlLinear, name=Linear Trend) AttributeError: 'function' object has no attribute 'Add' It looks like Trendlines indeed does not have such member function. Am I missing something, do I need to generate something particular (eg. using makepy.py) Ok found it. trend = wc2.Chart.SeriesCollection(1).Trendlines().Add (Type=constants.xlLinear, Name=Linear Trend) trend.DisplayRSquared = True trend.DisplayEquation = True Trendlines is a function... Sorry for the noise, win32com really rocks ! -Mathieu -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New to python, open source Mac OS X IDE?
joseph.a.mar...@gmail.com wrote: Greetings! I've heard enough raving about Python, I'm going to see for myself what all the praise is for! I'm on a Mac. I use Netbeans for Java, PHP, and C if needed. Do you even use an IDE for Python? Any recommendations on open source Python environments? Thanks! I use IDLE + Terminal myself. IDLE has improved a lot on the Mac in recent years. Another good tool is Aquamacs, a Mac-optimized version of Emacs: http://aquamacs.org -- Kevin Walzer Code by Kevin http://www.codebykevin.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: file date/time on windows
m.banaouas wrote:
hi,
I noticed recently that the value of file date/time I get with python:
time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M', time.gmtime(os.stat(fullname).st_mtime))
is forwarding by one hour the real file date/time.
Example:
file A.txt: 2009-01-18 16:13
returned valeur: 2009-01-28 15:13
Is there a simple way to get it work correctely (other than adding always 1
hour ...) ?
time.gmtime(), as the name suggests, returns GMT (UTC).
From your email address I presume you're in France, which is GMT+1.
Windows Explorer shows the file time in local time, which for you is
currently GMT+1, but when the clocks go forward (DST) it'll be GMT+2.
--
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Re: how to optimize object creation/reading from file?
On Jan 28, 10:06 am, Bruno Desthuilliers bruno.
42.desthuilli...@websiteburo.invalid wrote:
perfr...@gmail.com a écrit :
hi,
i am doing a series of very simple string operations on lines i am
reading from a large file (~15 million lines). i store the result of
these operations in a simple instance of a class, and then put it
inside of a hash table. i found that this is unusually slow... for
example:
class myclass(object):
__slots__ = (a, b, c, d)
def __init__(self, a, b, c, d):
self.a = a
self.b = b
self.c = c
self.d = d
def __str__(self):
return %s_%s_%s_%s %(self.a, self.b, self.c, self.d)
def __hash__(self):
return hash((self.a, self.b, self.c, self.d))
def __eq__(self, other):
return (self.a == other.a and \
self.b == other.b and \
self.c == other.c and \
self.d == other.d)
__repr__ = __str__
If your class really looks like that, a tuple would be enough.
n = 1500
table = defaultdict(int)
t1 = time.time()
for k in range(1, n):
hint : use xrange instead.
myobj = myclass('a' + str(k), 'b', 'c', 'd')
table[myobj] = 1
hint : if all you want is to ensure unicity, use a set instead.
t2 = time.time()
print time: , float((t2-t1)/60.0)
hint : use timeit instead.
this takes a very long time to run: 11 minutes!. for the sake of the
example i am not reading anything from file here but in my real code i
do. also, i do 'a' + str(k) but in my real code this is some simple
string operation on the line i read from the file. however, i found
that the above code shows the real bottle neck, since reading my file
into memory (using readlines()) takes only about 4 seconds. i then
have to iterate over these lines, but i still think that is more
efficient than the 'for line in file' approach which is even slower.
iterating over the file, while indeed a bit slower on a per-line basis,
avoid useless memory comsuption which can lead to disk swapping - so for
huge files, it might still be better wrt/ overall performances.
in the above code is there a way to optimize the creation of the class
instances ? i am using defaultdicts instead of ordinary ones so i dont
know how else to optimize that part of the code. is there a way to
perhaps optimize the way the class is written? if takes only 3 seconds
to read in 15 million lines into memory it doesnt make sense to me
that making them into simple objects while at it would take that much
more...
Did you bench the creation of a 15.000.000 ints list ?-)
But anyway, creating 15.000.000 instances (which is not a small number)
of your class takes many seconds - 23.466073989868164 seconds on my
(already heavily loaded) machine. Building the same number of tuples
only takes about 2.5 seconds - that is, almost 10 times less. FWIW,
tuples have all the useful characteristics of your above class (wrt/
hashing and comparison).
My 2 cents...
thanks for your insight ful reply - changing to tuples made a big
change!
--
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Re: A Twisted Design Decision
On Jan 28, 8:36 pm, Jean-Paul Calderone exar...@divmod.com wrote: On Wed, 28 Jan 2009 06:30:32 -0800 (PST), koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 28, 7:10 pm, Jean-Paul Calderone exar...@divmod.com wrote: On Wed, 28 Jan 2009 02:02:57 -0800 (PST), koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 27, 9:27 pm, koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 27, 6:57 pm, Jean-Paul Calderone exar...@divmod.com wrote: [snip] Thank you Jean-Paul. My code is more complex than what I have mentioned. When I mentioned msg.send, the msg object actually gets the data from DB etc to send. And there are many other items being done. I will try to see whether I can change the code to incorporate what you mentioned. I rewrote most of my code after learning just raw deferreds - I had planned to study inlineCallbacks - but then it slipped my mind - now it has come to bit me. :-( Hi, I tried to update the code as per the suggestion, but to no avail. My system uses Python2.4.3 (cannot move to 2.5) - so I tried to rewrite with deferredGenerators - since I thought inlineCallbacks are similar to deferredGenerators. But I cannot seem to rewrite it in a format where the functional encapsulation is not broken. i.e. as I mentioned in the first example - I have to pass SELF to child objects for them to modify it. Why? You don't do this in the original version of your code. Why do it after switching to Twisted (particularly since you seem to want *not* to)? Jean-Paul Without that, I am unable to increment success and failure counters which are part of the message handler object. In the original version, if send fails the return value of protocol.send is propogated back to msg.send and to msg handler.send. But in twisted, it is not so. So, I have to pass in SELF through to increment success and failure counter. Is it possible otherwise in twisted? Why isn't the return value of protocol.send propagated back to msg.send? It sounds like it should be. Jean-Paul Thank you very much again Jean-Paul for helping me out. I am unable to understand how I will be able to propogate the return value of protocol.send to msg.send. Maybe I am being foolish - but my understanding is as follows. In a non-reactor pattern scenario: msg_handler.send_message calls msg.send which inturn calls protocol.send. So, the reply to protocol.send actually goes up the stack till msg_handler.send_message wherein I can increment/decrement success/ failure counter. In reactor pattern: msg_handler.send_message calls msg.send which call protocol.send which causes a deferred to be created. Now, when the deferred finishes its work, reactor calls the callback associated - but the original context (stack etc) is lost. Now, the only mechanism of interaction is via the parameters passed in the callback. This means that msg_handler has to pass in its object to msg.send which inturn has to send either msg_handler or self to protocol.send so that it is stored in the parameter to the callback. When callback is hit, I use this parameter to call methods in each object. This is what I was trying to say in my first mail that - Twisted, being twisted in its behavior is causing quite a lot of confusion in design decisions - because now I have to break functional encapsulation - by asking lower layer objects to handler upper layer objects behaviors. As I said earlier, maybe I am being completely stupid - there might be a very easy and obvious solution. But I cannot seem to get it at all. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to execute a hyperlink?
In article 8uvfl.45$n_6...@newsfe22.ams2,
Roel Schroeven rschroev_nospam...@fastmail.fm wrote:
Muddy Coder schreef:
Hi Folks,
Module os provides a means of running shell commands, such as:
import os
os.system('dir .')
will execute command dir
I think a hyperlink should also be executed. I tried:
os.system('http://somedomain.com/foo.cgi?name=foopasswd=bar')
but I got kicked out by the Python interpreter. I wonder somebody
knows the syntax of triggering a hyperlink? Thanks in advance!
As others have said, you can use the webbrowser module for hyperlinks.
Alternatively you can use os.startfile() which works hyperlinks and many
types of files, but only works on Windows (it does the same as
double-clicking in Windows Explorer).
.
.
.
I suspect that os.startfile() will indeed give Muddy Coder
the most immediate satisfaction. It might interest him,
though, also to experiment with
os.system(start %s % URL)
Again, recognize this only gives happy results, in general,
under Win*.
--
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writing large dictionaries to file using cPickle
hello all,
i have a large dictionary which contains about 10 keys, each key has a
value which is a list containing about 1 to 5 million (small)
dictionaries. for example,
mydict = {key1: [{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 'hello'}, {'d', 3, 'e': 4, 'f':
'world'}, ...],
key2: [...]}
in total there are about 10 to 15 million lists if we concatenate
together all the values of every key in 'mydict'. mydict is a
structure that represents data in a very large file (about 800
megabytes).
what is the fastest way to pickle 'mydict' into a file? right now i am
experiencing a lot of difficulties with cPickle when using it like
this:
from cPickle import pickle
pfile = open(my_file, 'w')
pickle.dump(mydict, pfile)
pfile.close()
this creates extremely large files (~ 300 MB) though it does so
*extremely* slowly. it writes about 1 megabyte per 5 or 10 seconds and
it gets slower and slower. it takes almost an hour if not more to
write this pickle object to file.
is there any way to speed this up? i dont mind the large file... after
all the text file with the data used to make the dictionary was larger
(~ 800 MB) than the file it eventually creates, which is 300 MB. but
i do care about speed...
i have tried optimizing this by using this:
s = pickle.dumps(mydict, 2)
pfile.write(s)
but this takes just as long... any ideas ? is there a different module
i could use that's more suitable for large dictionaries ?
thank you very much.
--
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Re: A Twisted Design Decision
On Wed, Jan 28, 2009 at 10:05 AM, koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 28, 8:36 pm, Jean-Paul Calderone exar...@divmod.com wrote: On Wed, 28 Jan 2009 06:30:32 -0800 (PST), koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 28, 7:10 pm, Jean-Paul Calderone exar...@divmod.com wrote: On Wed, 28 Jan 2009 02:02:57 -0800 (PST), koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 27, 9:27 pm, koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 27, 6:57 pm, Jean-Paul Calderone exar...@divmod.com wrote: [snip] Thank you Jean-Paul. My code is more complex than what I have mentioned. When I mentioned msg.send, the msg object actually gets the data from DB etc to send. And there are many other items being done. I will try to see whether I can change the code to incorporate what you mentioned. I rewrote most of my code after learning just raw deferreds - I had planned to study inlineCallbacks - but then it slipped my mind - now it has come to bit me. :-( Hi, I tried to update the code as per the suggestion, but to no avail. My system uses Python2.4.3 (cannot move to 2.5) - so I tried to rewrite with deferredGenerators - since I thought inlineCallbacks are similar to deferredGenerators. But I cannot seem to rewrite it in a format where the functional encapsulation is not broken. i.e. as I mentioned in the first example - I have to pass SELF to child objects for them to modify it. Why? You don't do this in the original version of your code. Why do it after switching to Twisted (particularly since you seem to want *not* to)? Jean-Paul Without that, I am unable to increment success and failure counters which are part of the message handler object. In the original version, if send fails the return value of protocol.send is propogated back to msg.send and to msg handler.send. But in twisted, it is not so. So, I have to pass in SELF through to increment success and failure counter. Is it possible otherwise in twisted? Why isn't the return value of protocol.send propagated back to msg.send? It sounds like it should be. Jean-Paul Thank you very much again Jean-Paul for helping me out. I am unable to understand how I will be able to propogate the return value of protocol.send to msg.send. Maybe I am being foolish - but my understanding is as follows. In a non-reactor pattern scenario: msg_handler.send_message calls msg.send which inturn calls protocol.send. So, the reply to protocol.send actually goes up the stack till msg_handler.send_message wherein I can increment/decrement success/ failure counter. In reactor pattern: msg_handler.send_message calls msg.send which call protocol.send which causes a deferred to be created. Now, when the deferred finishes its work, reactor calls the callback associated - but the original context (stack etc) is lost. Now, the only mechanism of interaction is via the parameters passed in the callback. This means that msg_handler has to pass in its object to msg.send which inturn has to send either msg_handler or self to protocol.send so that it is stored in the parameter to the callback. When callback is hit, I use this parameter to call methods in each object. This is what I was trying to say in my first mail that - Twisted, being twisted in its behavior is causing quite a lot of confusion in design decisions - because now I have to break functional encapsulation - by asking lower layer objects to handler upper layer objects behaviors. As I said earlier, maybe I am being completely stupid - there might be a very easy and obvious solution. But I cannot seem to get it at all. I'm sure you're not completely stupid, but there is an easy and obvious solution - you should be returning the *deferred* up the callstack. That will allow the MessageHandler to attach callbacks/errbacks to it, without needing to pass self all the way down the call stack and have a proxy object manage it. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: writing large dictionaries to file using cPickle
Hi, Change: pickle.dump(mydict, pfile) to: pickle.dump(mydict, pfile, -1 ) I think you will see a big difference in performance and also a much smaller file on disk. BTW: What type of application are you developing that creates so many dictionaries? Sounds interesting. Malcolm -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: unable to print Unicode characters in Python 3
this is alink explaining how to add new fonts to the command line (e.g. Lucida Sans Unicode) http://phatness.com/node/1643 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A Twisted Design Decision
On Wed, 28 Jan 2009 08:05:13 -0800 (PST), koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 28, 8:36 pm, Jean-Paul Calderone exar...@divmod.com wrote: [snip] Why isn't the return value of protocol.send propagated back to msg.send? It sounds like it should be. Jean-Paul Thank you very much again Jean-Paul for helping me out. I am unable to understand how I will be able to propogate the return value of protocol.send to msg.send. Maybe I am being foolish - but my understanding is as follows. In a non-reactor pattern scenario: msg_handler.send_message calls msg.send which inturn calls protocol.send. So, the reply to protocol.send actually goes up the stack till msg_handler.send_message wherein I can increment/decrement success/ failure counter. In reactor pattern: msg_handler.send_message calls msg.send which call protocol.send which causes a deferred to be created. Now, when the deferred finishes its work, reactor calls the callback associated - but the original context (stack etc) is lost. Now, the only mechanism of interaction is via the parameters passed in the callback. You can still interact via return values. You should be thinking about a Deferred in the same way as you think about a function which returns a result synchronously. The Deferred represents the result, even though it isn't the result itself (since the result doesn't exist yet). Anything you would have done by calling a function and then using its return value you can do by calling a function and then using the Deferred it returns. I'll try to update the Twisted version of the code you gave previously to demonstrate this: class MessageHandler: def send_message(self): def handleResult(result): if result: self.success += 1 else: self.failure += 1 if self.execute(): for i in self.msgs: msg.send().addCallback(handleResult) class Message: def send(self): self.h = h #The message handler object self.update_data() #The data to be sent is updated here return self.protocol.send() class Protocol: @deferredGenerator def send(self): d = waitForDeferred(getPage(url, method, data)) yield d if page received: parse page and see parameters if parameters: yield True return yield False See how neither the handler nor the message is passed into the protocol. The result of the Deferred returned by Protocol.send is instead used by the handler to do something that the handler knows about. The encapsulation is the same as it was in your original example. The only significant change is from synchronous return values to Deferred return values. Jean-Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: writing large dictionaries to file using cPickle
On Jan 28, 11:32 am, pyt...@bdurham.com wrote: Hi, Change: pickle.dump(mydict, pfile) to: pickle.dump(mydict, pfile, -1 ) I think you will see a big difference in performance and also a much smaller file on disk. BTW: What type of application are you developing that creates so many dictionaries? Sounds interesting. Malcolm hi! thank you for your reply. unfortunately i tried this but it doesn't change the speed. it's still writing the file extremely slowly. i'm not sure why? thank you. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How many followers of comp.lang.python
On 2009-01-28, Bruno Desthuilliers bruno.42.desthuilli...@websiteburo.invalid wrote: very interesting. We should have a vote as to who would be the most likely candidate, now that would be a good thread :) Waste of time as far as I'm concerned. Usenet? Wasting time? Never! -- Grant Edwards grante Yow! I feel ... JUGULAR ... at visi.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: writing large dictionaries to file using cPickle
perfr...@gmail.com schrieb: but this takes just as long... any ideas ? is there a different module i could use that's more suitable for large dictionaries ? thank you very much. Have a look at ZODB. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How many followers of comp.lang.python
On Tue, Jan 27, 2009 at 10:07 AM, rantingrick rantingr...@gmail.com wrote: I curious of how many are really out there. I have been watching the list for some time but basically see the same 10 or so people answering questions. Reply to this message so we can see how many exists here Thanks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list I'm sure there are a lot more people lurking than actually posting. I personally do a lot more lurking than posting - plus I post through google groups at the moment, which means that at least some of the regular posters won't see what I post. I've learned an awful lot by lurking the mailing lists, hopefully I'll be able to contribute more in the future. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Windows PIL installer question
Is there any way to run the PIL installer from the command line on Windows in 'silent' mode, without displaying the install screens or requiring user interaction? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A Twisted Design Decision
You can still interact via return values. You should be thinking about a Deferred in the same way as you think about a function which returns a result synchronously. The Deferred represents the result, even though it isn't the result itself (since the result doesn't exist yet). Anything you would have done by calling a function and then using its return value you can do by calling a function and then using the Deferred it returns. Oh! This makes it very clear. Thank you very much Jean-Paul and Chris Mellon. My view of deferred was very different from this. That was the reason behind these persistent questions. My view of deferred was that of it being a mechanism to provide asynchronous behavior and nothing more. The twisted documentation explicitly mentions this - 'Twisted’s Deferred abstraction, which symbolises a ’promised’ result and which can pass an eventual result to handler functions.' But with my earlier view I understood it completely differently. Thank you once more, Jean-Paul Chris for taking your valuable time out to help me out. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Process crash with no reason
On Jan 27, 5:59 pm, Philip Semanchuk phi...@semanchuk.com wrote:
On Jan 27, 2009, at 10:34 AM, gil.shi...@gmail.com wrote:
On Jan 27, 2:10 pm, Tim Golden m...@timgolden.me.uk wrote:
gil.shi...@gmail.com wrote:
On Jan 26, 8:40 pm, Philip Semanchuk phi...@semanchuk.com wrote:
On Jan 26, 2009, at 1:13 PM, gil.shi...@gmail.com wrote:
Hi All,
I'm running a program that is acting as a nice interface to
sybase'
replication server. The program is using the cherrypy web
service for
the GUI. The process is crashing every few days with no reason.
In the
log I can see INFO and DEBUG (No ERROR) log lines and I do not
get any
TraceBack python's message. This program is running on solaris 9
machine.
Where can I see or what can I do in order to find out what
causes the
process to crash?
I have tried simulating a traceBack message and I could see this
traceback message in one of the log files I'm using. When the
process
crashes without my help, I don't have a clue.
Let me know if you need any other info
Although Python isn't immune to fatal errors like you describe, I'd
immediately suspect a 3rd-party module instead, esp. one written
in C
or C++. Are you using anything like that?
No I do not.
Then how are you interacting with Sybase?
I'm using python's functions to run sybase sql commands.
Can you give a short code sample? I'm unaware of how one would use the
standard Python library to talk to Sybase, unless Sybase has a raw
socket interface or some such.
First of all I have found the following python's import:
import Sybase
To connect the sybase server we are using the following function:
def _getConnection (self):
db = Sybase.connect(self.dbs, self.login[0], self.login
[1], datetime='auto')
return db
To execute a DBS query, we are using the following function:
def _executeQuery(self, cursor, query, expected_result=None):
try:
self.logger.debug('Executing query:' + query +
', expected:' + str(expected_result))
cursor.execute(query)
except Sybase.DatabaseError, e:
if ((expected_result != None) and (Msg +
expected_result in str(e))):
return (DBStatus.SUCCESS,
self._getDBMsg(str(e)))
raise Sybase.DatabaseError, self._getDBMsg(str
(e))
return (DBStatus.SUCCESS, )
Do you need anything else?
Thanks a lot
--
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small python-cgi wiki?
Hello, I'm looking to set up a small private wiki, and am looking for recommendations. Some sort of CGI based package that I could just untar somewhere web accessable via Apache would be great. Any ideas? Thanks, :) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Package Managment
[extracted from pylons-discuss] I hate to pass the buck, but this is Python's fault for not having reliable package management built in. There's nothing Pylons can do about it except switch to another programming language. [SNIP] Without Setuptools, Pylons and TurboGears couldn't exist, and Zope and Twisted would not have been able to split themselves into several packages. People coming to Python from Perl and Ruby expect to be able to just run a command to download and install a package. That problem was solved ten years ago, so why does Python still not have it standard? If Setuptools and Virtualenv or the equivalent were built into Python, you could trust that every computer that has successfully installed Python can install packages and make virtual environments the same way.. That would eliminate 2/3 of the problems users have when installing Pylons, and the subsequent need to explain the problems and workarounds in the installation docs. At work people say, Half the trouble of Pylons is installing it, and I often have to help them install it in person because otherwise they get stuck at some error message and have no idea what to do. Agreed. I would even move ipython (or something like it) to core. Of course, even Setuptools has a long way to go in some areas. (Installation Rollback, for one.) Python is about batteries included, and these are major batteries in most modern environments. A CPAN like in-house hosted archive would nice, too. This way, modules have a better chance of outliving the original author's interest/commitment in paying for, possibly non-trivial, web hosting. I'm sure these issues has been discussed to death, but I wonder what the larger Python community thinks. You may be interested in the following: http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-April/063952.html The thread is two years and a half old, but my impression is that the situation has not changeed much since. Few if any people are against improving the situation, but more people are against the currently available solutions (setuptools, virtualenv, etc...). Thank you, I'll have a look. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: self-aware list of objects able to sense constituent member alterations?
On Jan 28, 5:42 pm, koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 28, 2:16 am, Reckoner recko...@gmail.com wrote: I'm not sure this is possible, but I would like to have a list of objects A=[a,b,c,d,...,z] where, in the midst of a lot of processing I might do something like, A[0].do_something_which_changes_the_properties() which alter the properties of the object 'a'. The trick is that I would like A to be mysteriously aware that something about the object 'a' has changed so that when I revisit A, I will know that the other items in the list need to be refreshed to reflect the changes in A as a result of changing 'a'. Even better would be to automatically percolate the subsequent changes that resulted from altering 'a' for the rest of the items in the list. Naturally, all of these items are related in some parent-child fashion. that might be a lot to ask, however. Any advice appreciated. I think Python Cookbook has a recipe which deals with this. - 6.12 Checking an Instance for Any State Change. Were you able to get this? If not, let me know. I will try to type it in here - (it is a big recipe, so not doing it now) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Reuse of DB-API 2.0 cursors for multiple queries?
Today, I used the adodbapi module against an SQL Server Express
database. I was surprised to get an exception, when I attempted to
submit a second query with my cursor object. The full session is
below.
With cx_Oracle I've become used to reusing a cursor for subsequent
queries. The PEP doesn't specify either way, that I can see. Is this
behaviour left to the implementation, or should I be able to expect a
cursor is reusable?
With thanks, Alex
Python 2.5.4 (r254:67916, Dec 23 2008, 15:10:54) [MSC v.1310 32 bit
(Intel)] on win32
Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information.
import adodbapi
conn = adodbapi.connect('Provider=SQLOLEDB.1;Data
Source=.\\SQLEXPRESS;Initial Catalog=MYDATABBASE;Integrated
Security=SSPI;User Instance=False;')
curs = conn.cursor()
curs.execute('select * from localview_roles')
curs.execute('select * from localview_roles')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
File C:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\adodbapi\adodbapi.py, line 713,
in execut
e
self._executeHelper(operation,False,parameters)
File C:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\adodbapi\adodbapi.py, line 664,
in _execu
teHelper
self._raiseCursorError(DatabaseError,tracebackhistory)
File C:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\adodbapi\adodbapi.py, line 474,
in _raise
CursorError
eh(self.conn,self,errorclass,errorvalue)
File C:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\adodbapi\adodbapi.py, line 60,
in standar
dErrorHandler
raise errorclass(errorvalue)
adodbapi.adodbapi.DatabaseError:
--ADODBAPI
Traceback (most recent call last):
File C:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\adodbapi\adodbapi.py, line
650, in _exec
uteHelper
adoRetVal=self.cmd.Execute()
File COMObject ADODB.Command, line 3, in Execute
File C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\win32com\client\dynamic.py,
line 258, in
_ApplyTypes_
result = self._oleobj_.InvokeTypes(*(dispid, LCID, wFlags,
retType, argTypes
) + args)
com_error: (-2147352567, 'Exception occurred.', (0, u'Microsoft OLE
DB Provider
for SQL Server', u'Cannot create new connection because in manual or
distribute
d transaction mode.', None, 0, -2147467259), None)
-- on command: select * from localview_roles
-- with parameters: None
--
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Re: self-aware list of objects able to sense constituent member alterations?
On Jan 27, 3:16 pm, Reckoner recko...@gmail.com wrote: The trick is that I would like A to be mysteriously aware that something about the object 'a' has changed so that when I revisit A, I will know that the other items in the list need to be refreshed to reflect the changes in A as a result of changing 'a'. Check out the Enthought Traits package. -- Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Process crash with no reason
On Jan 28, 2009, at 12:12 PM, gil.shi...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 27, 5:59 pm, Philip Semanchuk phi...@semanchuk.com wrote: On Jan 27, 2009, at 10:34 AM, gil.shi...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 27, 2:10 pm, Tim Golden m...@timgolden.me.uk wrote: Then how are you interacting with Sybase? I'm using python's functions to run sybase sql commands. Can you give a short code sample? I'm unaware of how one would use the standard Python library to talk to Sybase, unless Sybase has a raw socket interface or some such. First of all I have found the following python's import: import Sybase This isn't part of the Python standard library. It's a 3rd party module -- exactly what we were looking for. Personally, I think this (or another C++ or C-based 3rd party module that you use heavily) is your prime suspect for the origin of the crashes you're having. That's not because I think the people who wrote or maintain it are bad or lazy coders. In fact, it's no reflection on their skill at all. It's just that a lot more people have used and exercised the Python standard library modules. A 3rd party module like this one will be less well-used and therefore less well-tested and therefore more likely to contain a bug that causes a crash. That said, I don't know how to advise you to proceed from here. You could perhaps turn on logging at the database level. I know Postgres, for instance, can write very detailed logs and so if you get a crash at 9:33:22 you can look in the log and see what was happening at that time. If you get several crashes and they all happen when a certain SQL statement is being executed, that's probably the culprit. You could also alter the Sybase module to add logging using Python's logging module. Who knows, it might already be there, waiting to be turned on with a switch. But I'm jumping the gun a little. As I said, it could be this module or another that's causing your problem. It's a lot easier to cause a hard crash using C or C++ than it is using pure Python, so pure Python modules would be lower on my list of suspects. Enumerate all of the modules you're using and find out where they come from. Any of them that are not in the standard library and are not written in pure Python should top your list of suspects. Good luck Philip -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: unable to print Unicode characters in Python 3
Big step. I don't have Visual Studio and have never used it before. Which version of VS do I need to debug which released version of Python 2.X and where do I get that VS from? Or do I need to build Python from source to be able to debug it? You need Visual Studio 2008 (Professional, not sure about Standard), or Visual C++ 2008 (which is free). You need to build Python from source in debug mode; the released version is in release mode, and with no debug information. Regards, Martin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: self-aware list of objects able to sense constituent member alterations?
On Jan 28, 9:16 am, koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 28, 5:42 pm, koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 28, 2:16 am, Reckoner recko...@gmail.com wrote: I'm not sure this is possible, but I would like to have a list of objects A=[a,b,c,d,...,z] where, in the midst of a lot of processing I might do something like, A[0].do_something_which_changes_the_properties() which alter the properties of the object 'a'. The trick is that I would like A to be mysteriously aware that something about the object 'a' has changed so that when I revisit A, I will know that the other items in the list need to be refreshed to reflect the changes in A as a result of changing 'a'. Even better would be to automatically percolate the subsequent changes that resulted from altering 'a' for the rest of the items in the list. Naturally, all of these items are related in some parent-child fashion. that might be a lot to ask, however. Any advice appreciated. I think Python Cookbook has a recipe which deals with this. - 6.12 Checking an Instance for Any State Change. Were you able to get this? If not, let me know. I will try to type it in here - (it is a big recipe, so not doing it now) Actually, I have the python cookbook, but cannot find the recipe you mention. maybe I have an older version? thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New to python, open source Mac OS X IDE?
joseph.a.mar...@gmail.com joseph.a.mar...@gmail.com wrote: Greetings! I've heard enough raving about Python, I'm going to see for myself what all the praise is for! I'm on a Mac. I use Netbeans for Java, PHP, and C if needed. Do you even use an IDE for Python? Any recommendations on open source Python environments? I'm new to python, i began with IDLE, but then switch to TextWrangler+Terminal i prefer. Now i also try XCode (not opensource, but free from Apple) just as a text editor and still terminal, fine. Xcode editor is good for me. I try to use Python directly from Xcode but i do not understand the right way to do this. There is project for PyObjC but a can't make working directly simple script project, so i continue to use terminal... -- Pierre-Alain Dorangehttp://microwar.sourceforge.net/ Ce message est sous licence Creative Commons by-nc-sa-2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/fr/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: self-aware list of objects able to sense constituent member alterations?
On Jan 28, 10:39 pm, Reckoner recko...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 28, 9:16 am, koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 28, 5:42 pm, koranthala koranth...@gmail.com wrote: On Jan 28, 2:16 am, Reckoner recko...@gmail.com wrote: I'm not sure this is possible, but I would like to have a list of objects A=[a,b,c,d,...,z] where, in the midst of a lot of processing I might do something like, A[0].do_something_which_changes_the_properties() which alter the properties of the object 'a'. The trick is that I would like A to be mysteriously aware that something about the object 'a' has changed so that when I revisit A, I will know that the other items in the list need to be refreshed to reflect the changes in A as a result of changing 'a'. Even better would be to automatically percolate the subsequent changes that resulted from altering 'a' for the rest of the items in the list. Naturally, all of these items are related in some parent-child fashion. that might be a lot to ask, however. Any advice appreciated. I think Python Cookbook has a recipe which deals with this. - 6.12 Checking an Instance for Any State Change. Were you able to get this? If not, let me know. I will try to type it in here - (it is a big recipe, so not doing it now) Actually, I have the python cookbook, but cannot find the recipe you mention. maybe I have an older version? thanks. Mine is 2nd Edition. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Recommendation for a small web framework like Perl's CGI::Application to run as CGI?
On Jan 28, 4:57 am, Bruno Desthuilliers bruno. 42.desthuilli...@websiteburo.invalid wrote: What about:http://thraxil.org/code/cgi_app/ (yes, it is a port of CGI::Application, and FWIW it's mentionned on the CGI::Application's wiki). Nice find. Thank you. Interesting project. It seems to be only one fairly short file (perhaps that's all it takes), and its most recent release was in 2004. No mailing list. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Why doesn't eval of generator expression work with locals?
Gabriel Genellina wrote: En Wed, 28 Jan 2009 01:36:57 -0200, Steve Holden st...@holdenweb.com escribió: Gabriel Genellina wrote: En Tue, 27 Jan 2009 22:17:16 -0200, Robert Kern robert.k...@gmail.com escribió: I *thought* I did understand this until I came to this example: 1) id(globals()), id(locals()) (11239760, 11239760) # ok, globals and locals are the same at the module level 2) s = (id(n) for n in [globals(),locals()]) list(eval(s)) [11239760, 11239760] # still the same results 3) s = (id(n()) for n in [globals,locals]) list(eval(s)) [11239760, 12583248] # locals() is different No, locals is different, not locals(). You are looking at two different functions that return the same object when called in the given context, that's all. Perhaps you didn't notice that I shifted the () from right to left. I'm always printing the result of *calling* globals and locals -- the only change is *where* I do call them. Ah, right. As you were ... regards Steve -- Steve Holden+1 571 484 6266 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Recommendation for a small web framework like Perl's CGI::Application to run as CGI?
On Jan 28, 5:05 am, Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven asmo...@in- nomine.org wrote: Werkzeug[1] should be in your line, I think. [1]http://werkzeug.pocoo.org/ Again, the solution must work for plain vanilla CGI. I don't have WSGI available. But thank you. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: small python-cgi wiki?
On Jan 28, 12:02 pm, Bernard Rankin beranki...@yahoo.com wrote: I'm looking to set up a small private wiki, and am looking for recommendations. Some sort of CGI based package that I could just untar somewhere web accessable via Apache would be great. There are a number of them listed at http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonWikiEngines . You might have a look at PikiPiki. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Why doesn't eval of generator expression work with locals?
Gabriel Genellina wrote: En Wed, 28 Jan 2009 01:36:57 -0200, Steve Holden st...@holdenweb.com escribió: Gabriel Genellina wrote: En Tue, 27 Jan 2009 22:17:16 -0200, Robert Kern robert.k...@gmail.com escribió: I *thought* I did understand this until I came to this example: 1) id(globals()), id(locals()) (11239760, 11239760) This is a bad test. We know distinct objects are distinct, but: print id(object()), id(object()) 10598120 10598120 a = object(); b = object() print id(a), id(b) 10598120 10598128 The reason is that once your created object has its id taken, you must keep a handle on it, otherwise it may get recycled and reused. That is, id(var1) == id(var2) implies var1 is var2, but id(expr1) == id(expr2) does not even imply expr1 == expr2 --Scott David Daniels scott.dani...@acm.org -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: ctypes with Compaq Visual Fortran 6.6B *.dll (Windows XP), passing of integer and real values
Jon Thank you for your answer. I tried it with no success. However I tried with tst=cdll.LoadLibrary(f:\\scratch\\test2\\footst.dll) instead of tst=windll.LoadLibrary(f:\\scratch\\test2\\footst.dll) and it runs now with no error message, I can't figure for now why, but it's great! This is motivating for going ahead. Regards Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Dynamic methods and lambda functions
Hi! I had the same problem myself. Mark's detailed explanation really helped me understand. I ended up doing something like: class A: def __init__(self): names = 'n1', 'n2' for n in names: setattr(self, get%s % n, self._createGetter(n)) def _createGetter(self, n): def f(): return n return f Thanks a lot Cheers, Tiago -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python 3.0, 'Hello' 42
But the document also mentions that the result is not strictly undefined but reproducable undetermined. What specific document are you looking at, and where specifically does it say that? I can't believe that the quotation marks indicate an actual quote, in particular because reproducible is misspelled. In any case, I can't find anything like that in the 3.0 changes document, and, given that the comparison *does* give an exception, any statement that the result is undetermined would be false. Regards, Martin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Quickbooks
Has anyone Implemented the Quickbooks COM object in Python. If so can you give me an Idea of where to begin. Thanks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Recommendation for a small web framework like Perl's CGI::Application to run as CGI?
-On [20090128 19:01], excord80 (excor...@gmail.com) wrote: Again, the solution must work for plain vanilla CGI. I don't have WSGI available. But thank you. It works for plain CGI. I myself use it for FCGI. -- Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven asmodai(-at-)in-nomine.org / asmodai イェルーン ラウフロック ヴァン デル ウェルヴェン http://www.in-nomine.org/ | http://www.rangaku.org/ | GPG: 2EAC625B Earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: unable to print Unicode characters in Python 3
John Machin writes: The only font choice offered apart from Raster Fonts in the Command Prompt window's Properties box is Lucida Console, not Lucida Sans Unicode. It will let me print Cyrillic characters from a C program, but not Chinese. I'm off looking for how to get a better font. Thorsten Kampe thors...@thorstenkampe.de wrote: I have [HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Console\TrueTypeFont] 00=DejaVu Sans Mono As near as I can tell the DejaVu Sans Mono font doesn't include Chinese characters. If you want to display Chinese characters in a console window on Windows you'll probably have change the (global) system locale to an appropriate Chinese locale and reboot. Note that a complete Unicode console font is essentially an impossibility, so don't bother looking for one. There are many characters in Unicode that can't be reasonably mappped to a single fixed-width console glyph. There are also characters in Unicode that should be represented as single-width gylphs in Western contexts, but as double-width glyphs in Far-Eastern contexts. Ross Ridge -- l/ // Ross Ridge -- The Great HTMU [oo][oo] rri...@csclub.uwaterloo.ca -()-/()/ http://www.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/~rridge/ db // -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python 3.0, 'Hello' 42
towit...@gmail.com wrote: Hello, In the 3.0 changes list there is mentioned that -compares are not supported anymore if the compared types are different (except numbers). Like 42 Hello did return True of False depending on the implementation but is now a TypeError. But the document also mentions that the result is not strictly undefined but reproducable undetermined. Meaning, that on a given machine with a given python implementation result will always be the same. But on another machine, or with another python implementation, it might give a different result. My question now is, why this is? E.g, Is there an integer large enough so that the result changes? What circumstances influence the result? The ordering of ints and strings may vary between python builds, but _any_ strings will have the same relationship to _any_ integers. That is, (str(x) int(y)) == (str(y) int(x)) for any x and y that don't cause exceptions. The types are compared before the values for sufficiently disparate types without accomodation in the comparison methods. This means the 2.X python series can sort more lists, but the sort order is not a particularly useful one (except for the fact that there is an order). --Scott David Daniels scott.dani...@acm.org -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: self-aware list of objects able to sense constituent member alterations?
On Jan 27, 9:46 pm, Steven D'Aprano ste...@remove.this.cybersource.com.au wrote: On Tue, 27 Jan 2009 13:16:36 -0800, Reckoner wrote: I'm not sure this is possible, but I would like to have a list of objects A=[a,b,c,d,...,z] where, in the midst of a lot of processing I might do something like, A[0].do_something_which_changes_the_properties() which alter the properties of the object 'a'. The trick is that I would like A to be mysteriously aware that something about the object 'a' has changed so that when I revisit A, I will know that the other items in the list need to be refreshed to reflect the changes in A as a result of changing 'a'. Can't be done if A is a built-in list, probably can't be done entirely generically, but you can probably do it in a cooperative manner. class TaintList(list): tainted = False def taint(self): self.tainted = True def untaint(self): self.tainted = False A = TaintList() import functools def taint(parent): def decorator(func): @functools.wraps(func) def f(*args, **kwargs): parent.taint() return func(*args, **kwargs) return f return decorator class TaintAwareThing(object): def __init__(self): self.attr = 0 @taint(A) def change_attribute(self, x): self.attr = x x = TaintAwareThing() y = TaintAwareThing() z = TaintAwareThing() A.extend([x, y, z]) A.tainted False x.change_attribute(5) A.tainted True Here is a second approach: create a proxy class TaintThing that wraps whatever object you want, using delegation: class TaintThing(object): parent = A def __init__(self, obj): self.__dict__['_proxy'] = obj def __getattr__(self, attr): return getattr(self._proxy, attr) def __setattr__(self, attr, value): setattr(self._proxy, attr, value) self.parent.taint() Now change TaintList to automatically wrap anything stored in it: # untested class TaintList(list): def append(self, obj): list.append(self, TaintThing(obj)) # similar for __setitem__, extend, insert -- Steven thanks for your reply. For the second case where class TaintThing(object): parent = A def __init__(self, obj): self.__dict__['_proxy'] = obj def __getattr__(self, attr): return getattr(self._proxy, attr) def __setattr__(self, attr, value): setattr(self._proxy, attr, value) self.parent.taint() you have told it that parent is 'A'. Shouldn't that be passed to it somehow in the following: # untested class TaintList(list): def append(self, obj): list.append(self, TaintThing(obj)) # similar for __setitem__, extend, insert I apologize. I am probably missing something. This is getting pretty advanced for me. Thanks again. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
