date:20110404


Paul Rubin wrote:


You can order 144-core Forth chips right now,

   http://greenarrays.com/home/products/index.html

They are asynchronous cores running at around 700 mhz, so you get an
astounding amount of raw compute power per watt and per dollar.  But for
me at least, it's not that easy to figure out applications where their
weird architecture fits well.


Hmmm... Maybe compiling Python to Forth would make sense?-)

--
Greg
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Re: Python CPU


John Nagle wrote:


A tagged machine might make Python faster.  You could have
unboxed ints and floats, yet still allow values of other types,
with the hardware tagging helping with dispatch.   But it probably
wouldn't help all that much.  It didn't in the LISP machines.


What might help more is having bytecodes that operate on
arrays of unboxed types -- numpy acceleration in hardware.

--
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Have a nice day.

2011-04-04 Thread Ashraf Ali

Hello friends.
 What are you looking for. You can find everything
what you want.
just visit: www.hothitsbollywood.blogspot.com
www.aishwaryaraismile.blogspot.com
www.bollywoodhotpik.blogspot.com
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Re: string to path problem

2011-04-04 Thread Kushal Kumaran

On Mon, Apr 4, 2011 at 9:48 AM, ecu_jon hayesjd...@yahoo.com wrote:
 On Apr 4, 12:17 am, Chris Rebert c...@rebertia.com wrote:
 On Sun, Apr 3, 2011 at 8:30 PM, ecu_jon hayesjd...@yahoo.com wrote:
  i am writing a basic backup program for my school. so they wanted the
  possibility to be able to set source/destination from a config file.
  my source/destination was fine before, i would build it up with
  functions, like 1 that got the user-name, and put it all together with
  os.path.join. but if they set a source in the config file to something
  like c:\users\jon\backup  python tries to read from c:\\users\\jon\
  \backup, and throws out a read permission (because it doesn't
  exist ...).

 Please give the exact error message and full exception traceback that
 you're getting.

 Cheers,
 Chris
 Traceback (most recent call last):
  File I:\college\spring11\capstone-project\testing1.py, line 39, in
 module
    shutil.copy2(source1, destination)
  File C:\Python27\lib\shutil.py, line 127, in copy2
    copyfile(src, dst)
  File C:\Python27\lib\shutil.py, line 81, in copyfile
    with open(src, 'rb') as fsrc:
 IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'c:\\users\\jon\\backup'

 i have permission to c:\users\jon\*
 but c:\\* obviously does not exist.

The extra backslashes in the string literal are there to escape the
required backslashes.  This is required because the backslash
character is used to introduce certain special characters in strings,
such as tabs and newlines.  The actual string does not contain the
extra backslashes.  This is documented in extensive detail in the
language reference:
http://docs.python.org/reference/lexical_analysis.html#string-literals.
 But you might want to start with the tutorial:
http://docs.python.org/tutorial/introduction.html#strings

Example:

 s = 'c:\\users\\jon\\backup'
 print s
c:\users\jon\backup


Is c:\users\jon\backup a directory?  The shutil.copyfile function will
only copy a file.  There is a shutil.copytree that will copy an entire
directory tree.

-- 
regards,
kushal
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Re: Python CPU

2011-04-04 Thread Paul Rubin

Gregory Ewing greg.ew...@canterbury.ac.nz writes:
 What might help more is having bytecodes that operate on
 arrays of unboxed types -- numpy acceleration in hardware.

That is an interesting idea as an array or functools module patch.
Basically a way to map or fold arbitrary functions over arrays, with a
few obvious optimizations to avoid refcount churning.  It could have
helped with a number of things I've done over the years.
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Re: Guido rethinking removal of cmp from sort method

2011-04-04 Thread Antoon Pardon

On Fri, Apr 01, 2011 at 10:21:33PM -0400, Terry Reedy wrote:
 
 rewriting cmp_to_key in C is underway
 
 http://bugs.python.org/issue11707
 
Nice to know! Any chance this wil get into 2.7.x?

-- 
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Re: using python to post data to a form

2011-04-04 Thread Corey Richardson

On 04/04/2011 01:36 AM, Littlefield, Tyler wrote:
 Hello:
 I have some data that needs to be fed through a html form to get 
 validated and processed and the like. How can I use python to send data 
 through that form, given a specific url? the form says it uses post, but 
 Im not really sure what the difference is. would it just be:
 http://mysite.com/bla.php?foo=barbar=foo?
 If so, how do I do that with python?
 

import urllib
import urllib2

url = http://www.foo.com/;
data = {name: Guido, status: BDFL}

data = urllib.urlencode(data)
request = urllib2.Request(url, data)
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)

page = response.read()

So yeah, passing in a Request object to urlopen that has some
urlencode'ed data in it.
-- 
Corey Richardson
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Newbie - NameError: getopt

2011-04-04 Thread Mustafa Cayci

Hello,

I followed several postings in Google and came up with the beginning of the 
following code:
During the execution, I am getting 

Problem invoking WLST - Traceback (innermost last):
  File /home/oracle/wlsuserconfigfiles/./Health_Check_Servers.py, line 80, in 
?
  File /home/oracle/wlsuserconfigfiles/./Health_Check_Servers.py, line 22, in 
main
NameError: getopt

I thought I was importing the getopt as shown below.

Thanks for you help in advance,
Mustafa



#Conditionally import wlstModule only when script is executed with jython
if __name__ == '__main__':

from wlstModule import *#@UnusedWildImport
import sys
import os
from java.lang import System
import getopt

serverName = ''
portNumber = ''
ucf = ''
ukf = ''
adminURL = ''
protocolName = ''
portNumber = ''

def main(argv):

try:
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], s:p:t:u:k:)
except getopt.GetoptError, err:
print str(err)
usage()
sys.exit(2)
...
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PyThreadState_Swap crash

2011-04-04 Thread Wiktor Adamski

I have 2 threads in C code using python 2.5.2. First thread creates
new interpreter (i need several interpreters but those 2 threads use
only one) like that:

PyEval_AcquireLock();
threadState = Py_NewInterpreter();
PyThreadState_Swap(threadState);

// calling python API

PyThreadState_Swap(NULL);
PyEval_ReleaseLock();

Second thread uses interpreter created in first thread:

PyEval_AcquireLock();
PyThreadState_Swap(threadState);

and sometimes PyThreadState_Swap crashes in debug build
(PyGILState_GetThisThreadState() returns garbage). In release build
that code doesn't run and so far no other problem was found.
I call PyEval_InitThreads() at the begining of program and every
PyEval_AcquireLock() has PyEval_ReleaseLock().

Am I allowed to use the same threadState in different threads?
If I am, is there another problem in my code?
Or maybe it's a bug in python - acording to documentation Python
still supports the creation of additional interpreters (using
Py_NewInterpreter()), but mixing multiple interpreters and the
PyGILState_*() API is unsupported. - I don't use PyGILState_ but it's
used internally in PyThreadState_Swap(). I also don't use
PyEval_RestoreThread() - comment sugests that crashing code is present
because possibility of calling from PyEval_RestoreThread().
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Re: Guido rethinking removal of cmp from sort method

2011-04-04 Thread Lie Ryan

On 04/04/11 19:34, Antoon Pardon wrote:
 On Fri, Apr 01, 2011 at 10:21:33PM -0400, Terry Reedy wrote:

 rewriting cmp_to_key in C is underway

 http://bugs.python.org/issue11707

 Nice to know! Any chance this wil get into 2.7.x?

Python 2.7 still have list.sort(cmp=...)/sorted(cmp=...), so cmp_to_key
is not much use there. Just pass your comparison function to the cmp
argument.
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Re: TypeError: iterable argument required

2011-04-04 Thread Νικόλαος Κούρας

On 3 Απρ, 17:01, eryksun () eryk...@gmail.com wrote:
 On Saturday, April 2, 2011 12:26:18 PM UTC-4, Νικόλαος Κούρας wrote:
  Hello, after inserting this line if @ in mail and comment not in
  (Σχολιάστε ή ρωτήστε με σχετικά, ):

  iam getting the following error which i dont understand

  **
  163         # insert guest comments into database if form was
  submitted
    164         if @ in mail and comment not in (Σχολιάστε ή ρωτήστε
  με σχετικά, ):
    165                 try:
    166                         cursor.execute( '''INSERT INTO
  users(mail, comment) VALUES(%s, %s)''', (mail, comment) )
  mail = None, comment = None

  TypeError: iterable argument required
        args = ('iterable argument required',)

 Here's how I parse what you've written so far:

 INVALID_COMMENTS = (Σχολιάστε ή ρωτήστεμε σχετικά, )
 SQL_COMMENT_FORM = INSERT INTO users(mail, comment) VALUES(%s, %s)

 # insert guest comments into database if form was submitted
 mail = form.getvalue('mail')
 comment = form.getvalue('comment')
 if @ in mail and comment not in INVALID_COMMENTS:
     try:        
         cursor.execute(SQL_COMMENT_FORM % (mail, comment))
     except MySQLdb.Error as e:
         print(Error %d: %s % (e.args[0], e.args[1]))
     else:
         mail = comment = None

Whats was the problem as i have written it?
Your solution is the same as mine except the fact that you assign
values and statements into variables.
I tried it but iam getting an Internal Server Error.

In my original question can you explain to me what the meaning of the
following error is?


mail = None, comment = None
TypeError: iterable argument required
  args = ('iterable argument required',)
*

Also i noticed that if i append a query string in the end of a url
with the varibble mail attached like

http://superhost.gr/hosting.html?mail=test

then page hosting.html does load without any problem.

If i remove the query string from the ned of the URL then i'am getting
the error message i posted.

So its not that the if condition is wrong but something happens with
the form variable 'mail' .
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Re: using python to post data to a form

2011-04-04 Thread Littlefield, Tyler


Sending POST data can be done as follows (I'm changing bar=foo to
Thanks for this, and the links.

On 4/4/2011 12:24 AM, Chris Rebert wrote:

On Sun, Apr 3, 2011 at 10:36 PM, Littlefield, Tylerty...@tysdomain.com  wrote:

Hello:
I have some data that needs to be fed through a html form to get validated
and processed and the like. How can I use python to send data through that
form, given a specific url? the form says it uses post, but Im not really
sure what the difference is.

They're different HTTP request methods:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Request_methods

The key upshot in this case is that GET requests place the parameters
in the URL itself, whereas POST requests place them in the body of the
request.


would it just be:
http://mysite.com/bla.php?foo=barbar=foo?

No, that would be using GET.


If so, how do I do that with python?

Sending POST data can be done as follows (I'm changing bar=foo to
bar=qux for greater clarity):

from urllib import urlopen, urlencode

form_data = {'foo' : 'bar', 'bar' : 'qux'}
encoded_data = urlencode(form_data)
try:
 # 2nd argument to urlopen() is the POST data to send, if any
 f = urlopen('http://mysite.com/bla.php', encoded_data)
 result = f.read()
finally:
 f.close()

Relevant docs:
http://docs.python.org/library/urllib.html

Cheers,
Chris
--
http://blog.rebertia.com




--

Thanks,
Ty

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Re: TypeError: iterable argument required

2011-04-04 Thread Peter Otten

Νικόλαος Κούρας wrote:

 if @ in mail and comment not in INVALID_COMMENTS:

 In my original question can you explain to me what the meaning of the
 following error is?
 
 
 mail = None, comment = None
 TypeError: iterable argument required
 args = ('iterable argument required',)
 *

That's not the standard format for a traceback in Python and you don't 
provide enough context like: 

- your python version
- the framework that produces the non-standard traceback
- a significant portion of your code

That makes it harder than necessary to find out what's going on.

Python 2.4.6 (#2, Jan 21 2010, 23:45:25)
[GCC 4.4.1] on linux2
Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information.
 @ in None
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File stdin, line 1, in ?
TypeError: iterable argument required

So mail = None means exactly that, you somehow assigned None to the mail 
variable.

Note that newer Python versions give a slightly improved error message:

$ python2.5 -c '@ in None'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File string, line 1, in module
TypeError: argument of type 'NoneType' is not iterable

Background: the 'in' operator tries hard to produce a meaningful result 
before it gives up:

 class A:
... def __getattr__(self, name):
... print name
... raise AttributeError
...
 42 in A()
__contains__
__iter__
__getitem__
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File stdin, line 1, in module
TypeError: argument of type 'instance' is not iterable

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Re: TypeError: iterable argument required

2011-04-04 Thread Mel

Νικόλαος Κούρας wrote:

  iam getting the following error which i dont understand

  **
  163         # insert guest comments into database if form was
  submitted
    164         if @ in mail and comment not in (Σχολιάστε ή ρωτήστε
  με σχετικά, ):
    165                 try:
    166                         cursor.execute( '''INSERT INTO
  users(mail, comment) VALUES(%s, %s)''', (mail, comment) )
  mail = None, comment = None

  TypeError: iterable argument required
        args = ('iterable argument required',)


 In my original question can you explain to me what the meaning of the
 following error is?

 
 mail = None, comment = None
 TypeError: iterable argument required
   args = ('iterable argument required',)
 *

 Also i noticed that if i append a query string in the end of a url
 with the varibble mail attached like

 http://superhost.gr/hosting.html?mail=test

 then page hosting.html does load without any problem.

 If i remove the query string from the ned of the URL then i'am getting
 the error message i posted.

 So its not that the if condition is wrong but something happens with
 the form variable 'mail' .

My wild guess is that the trouble is in `if @ in mail` .  You can only
test somthing `in` something if the second thing is iterable.  So when
you don't supply a value via `?mail=' -- maybe the code that sets the
value of `mail` from the URL (code you don't show us) sets `mail=None`,
your server-side code blows up.  Things would be simpler if you included
a traceback in your error logging.

Mel.

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Re: string to path problem

2011-04-04 Thread ecu_jon

On Apr 4, 5:06 am, Kushal Kumaran kushal.kumaran+pyt...@gmail.com
wrote:
 On Mon, Apr 4, 2011 at 9:48 AM, ecu_jon hayesjd...@yahoo.com wrote:
  On Apr 4, 12:17 am, Chris Rebert c...@rebertia.com wrote:
  On Sun, Apr 3, 2011 at 8:30 PM, ecu_jon hayesjd...@yahoo.com wrote:
   i am writing a basic backup program for my school. so they wanted the
   possibility to be able to set source/destination from a config file.
   my source/destination was fine before, i would build it up with
   functions, like 1 that got the user-name, and put it all together with
   os.path.join. but if they set a source in the config file to something
   like c:\users\jon\backup  python tries to read from c:\\users\\jon\
   \backup, and throws out a read permission (because it doesn't
   exist ...).

  Please give the exact error message and full exception traceback that
  you're getting.

  Cheers,
  Chris
  Traceback (most recent call last):
   File I:\college\spring11\capstone-project\testing1.py, line 39, in
  module
     shutil.copy2(source1, destination)
   File C:\Python27\lib\shutil.py, line 127, in copy2
     copyfile(src, dst)
   File C:\Python27\lib\shutil.py, line 81, in copyfile
     with open(src, 'rb') as fsrc:
  IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'c:\\users\\jon\\backup'

  i have permission to c:\users\jon\*
  but c:\\* obviously does not exist.

 The extra backslashes in the string literal are there to escape the
 required backslashes.  This is required because the backslash
 character is used to introduce certain special characters in strings,
 such as tabs and newlines.  The actual string does not contain the
 extra backslashes.  This is documented in extensive detail in the
 language 
 reference:http://docs.python.org/reference/lexical_analysis.html#string-literals.
  But you might want to start with the 
 tutorial:http://docs.python.org/tutorial/introduction.html#strings

 Example:



  s = 'c:\\users\\jon\\backup'
  print s
 c:\users\jon\backup

 Is c:\users\jon\backup a directory?  The shutil.copyfile function will
 only copy a file.  There is a shutil.copytree that will copy an entire
 directory tree.

 --
 regards,
 kushal

well i changed a few minor things in the bigger problem, and c:\users
\jon\backup as the source worked fine. now to test it on winxp, where
the default has a space in the name.
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Pydev 2.0 Released

2011-04-04 Thread Fabio Zadrozny

Hi All,

PyDev 2.0 has been released

Details on PyDev: http://pydev.org
Details on its development: http://pydev.blogspot.com

Release Highlights:
===

Major
-

* TDD actions on Ctrl+1

* Improved code coverage support

See video at: http://pydev.org/video_pydev_20.html with these improvements


Noteworthy


PyUnit

 * It's possible to pin a test run and restore it later.
 * Errors that occur while importing modules are properly shown.
 * It's possible to override the test runner configurations for a given launch.
 * The Nose test runner works properly when there's an error in a fixture.

Editor

 * When there's some text selected and ' or  is entered, the content
is converted to a string.
 * Handling literals with ui linking.
 * Creating ui link in the editor after entering (,[,{ when it is auto-closed.
 * On hover, when there's a name defined in another module, the
statement containing the name is shown.
 * It's possible to launch an editor with a file not in the workspace
(a project must be selected in this case)
 * If a line starts with __version__ no import is added above it.
 * When doing assign to attributes, if there's a pass in the line the
assign will be added, it's removed.
 * When Ctrl+1 is used to add an import on an unresolved variable, if
Ctrl is pressed on apply a local import is done.

Interactive console (options)

 * Focus on creation
 * When created the selection may be directly sent to the console

The DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment var is passed when making a launch.

The outline page now has a filter.

The input() method properly works in Python 3.2 (last \r no longer shown).

**LOTS** of other adjustments and bug fixes



What is PyDev?
---

PyDev is a plugin that enables users to use Eclipse for Python, Jython
and IronPython development -- making Eclipse a first class Python IDE
-- It comes with many goodies such as code completion, syntax
highlighting, syntax analysis, refactor, debug and many others.


Cheers,

-- 
Fabio Zadrozny
--
Software Developer

Appcelerator
http://appcelerator.com/

Aptana
http://aptana.com/

PyDev - Python Development Environment for Eclipse
http://pydev.org
http://pydev.blogspot.com
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Re: proposal to allow to set the delimiter in str.format to something other than curly bracket

2011-04-04 Thread Alia Khouri

Terry Reedy wrote:

 Just double the brackets, just as one doubles '\\' to get '\' in a string.

   class {0}Model {{ public bool IsModel(){{ returntrue; .format('My')

 'class MyModel { public bool IsModel(){ returntrue; } }'


Indeed, I tried that, but it means I have to double bracket all the
csharp code which just creates more work for me.

Here is my solution (aka Cheetah ultra-light) ripped from
stdlib.string: it involves hacking the string.Template class so that
you get attribute lookups. I know it uses eval, and it's probably
highly insecure, but it's for one off batch jobs, and I hope it
doesn't hurt anyone:

code
import re

class _multimap:
Helper class for combining multiple mappings.

Used by .substitute() to combine the mapping and keyword
arguments.

def __init__(self, primary, secondary):
self._primary = primary
self._secondary = secondary

def __getitem__(self, key):
try:
return self._primary[key]
except KeyError:
return self._secondary[key]


class _TemplateMetaclass(type):
pattern = r
%(delim)s(?:
  (?Pescaped%(delim)s) |   # Escape sequence of two delimiters
  (?Pnamed%(id)s)  |   # delimiter and a Python identifier
  {(?Pbraced%(id)s)}   |   # delimiter and a braced identifier
  (?Pinvalid)  # Other ill-formed delimiter exprs
)


def __init__(cls, name, bases, dct):
super(_TemplateMetaclass, cls).__init__(name, bases, dct)
if 'pattern' in dct:
pattern = cls.pattern
else:
pattern = _TemplateMetaclass.pattern % {
'delim' : re.escape(cls.delimiter),
'id': cls.idpattern,
}
cls.pattern = re.compile(pattern, re.IGNORECASE | re.VERBOSE)


class Template:
A string class for supporting $-substitutions.
__metaclass__ = _TemplateMetaclass

delimiter = '$'
idpattern = r'[_a-z][_a-z0-9\.]*'

def __init__(self, template):
self.template = template

# Search for $$, $identifier, ${identifier}, and any bare $'s

def _invalid(self, mo):
i = mo.start('invalid')
lines = self.template[:i].splitlines(True)
if not lines:
colno = 1
lineno = 1
else:
colno = i - len(''.join(lines[:-1]))
lineno = len(lines)
raise ValueError('Invalid placeholder in string: line %d, col
%d' %
 (lineno, colno))

def substitute(self, *args, **kws):
if len(args)  1:
raise TypeError('Too many positional arguments')
if not args:
mapping = kws
elif kws:
mapping = _multimap(kws, args[0])
else:
mapping = args[0]
# Helper function for .sub()
def convert(mo):
# Check the most common path first.
named = mo.group('named') or mo.group('braced')
if named is not None:
# We use this idiom instead of str() because the
latter will
# fail if val is a Unicode containing non-ASCII
characters.
#  here is the probably dangerous eval hack XX
if '.' in named:
return eval(named, kws)
else:
val = mapping[named]
return '%s' % (val,)

if mo.group('escaped') is not None:
return self.delimiter
if mo.group('invalid') is not None:
self._invalid(mo)
raise ValueError('Unrecognized named group in pattern',
 self.pattern)
return self.pattern.sub(convert, self.template)


def test_templates():
class P: pass
p = P()
p.name = 'ak'
txt = 'hello there ${o.name}'
t = Template(txt)
assert t.substitute(o=p) == 'hello there ak'

if __name__ == '__main__': test_templates()

/code

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Re: better way to do this in python

2011-04-04 Thread nn

On Apr 3, 8:06 am, Mag Gam magaw...@gmail.com wrote:
 Thanks for the responses.

 Basically, I have a large file with this format,

 Date INFO username command srcipaddress filename

 I would like to do statistics on:
 total number of usernames and who they are
 username and commands
 username and filenames
 unique source ip addresses
 unique filenames

 Then I would like to bucket findings with days (date).

 Overall, I would like to build a log file analyzer.







 On Sat, Apr 2, 2011 at 10:59 PM, Dan Stromberg drsali...@gmail.com wrote:

  On Sat, Apr 2, 2011 at 5:24 PM, Chris Angelico ros...@gmail.com wrote:

  On Sun, Apr 3, 2011 at 9:58 AM, Mag Gam magaw...@gmail.com wrote:
   I suppose I can do something like this.
   (pseudocode)

   d={}
   try:
    d[key]+=1
   except KeyError:
    d[key]=1

   I was wondering if there is a pythonic way of doing this? I plan on
   doing this many times for various files. Would the python collections
   class be sufficient?

  I think you want collections.Counter. From the docs: Counter objects
  have a dictionary interface except that they return a zero count for
  missing items instead of raising a KeyError.

  ChrisA

  I realize you (Mag) asked for a Python solution, but since you mention
  awk... you can also do this with sort  input | uniq -c - one line of
  code.  GNU sort doesn't use as nice an algorithm as a hashing-based
  solution (like you'd probably use with Python), but for a sort, GNU sort's
  quite good.

  --
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Take a look at:
http://code.activestate.com/recipes/577535-aggregates-using-groupby-defaultdict-and-counter/

for some ideas of how to group and count things.
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Re: proposal to allow to set the delimiter in str.format to something other than curly bracket

2011-04-04 Thread Peter Otten

Alia Khouri wrote:

 Terry Reedy wrote:
 
 Just double the brackets, just as one doubles '\\' to get '\' in a
 string.

  class {0}Model {{ public bool IsModel(){{ returntrue;
 .format('My')

 'class MyModel { public bool IsModel(){ returntrue; } }'

 
 Indeed, I tried that, but it means I have to double bracket all the
 csharp code which just creates more work for me.

You could automatically convert from a custom format like that in your 
original post:

import re

_lookup = {
[[: {,
]]: },
{: {{,
}: }},
}

def _substitute(m):
return _lookup[m.group()]

def custom_format(template, *args, **kw):
return (re.compile(r\[\[|]]|\{|\})
.sub(_substitute, template)
.format(*args, **kw))

code = class [[0]]Model { public bool IsModel(){ return a[42] || true; } }
print custom_format(code, My)


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Re: Newbie - NameError: getopt

2011-04-04 Thread R. Tyler Croy

On Mon, 04 Apr 2011 05:14:46 -0700, Mustafa Cayci wrote:

 Hello,
 
 I followed several postings in Google and came up with the beginning of
 the following code:
 During the execution, I am getting
 
 Problem invoking WLST - Traceback (innermost last):
   File /home/oracle/wlsuserconfigfiles/./Health_Check_Servers.py, line
   80, in
 ?
   File /home/oracle/wlsuserconfigfiles/./Health_Check_Servers.py, line
   22, in
 main
 NameError: getopt
 
 I thought I was importing the getopt as shown below.

Try bringing your imports up out of the if __name__ block. Where you are 
referencing getopt (the main() function), the getopt module hasn't yet 
been imported.

You can do something like this:

import getopt

def main():
# ...


-- 
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--
Code: http://github.com/rtyler
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Re: Python CPU

2011-04-04 Thread geremy condra

On Mon, Apr 4, 2011 at 12:47 AM, Gregory Ewing
greg.ew...@canterbury.ac.nz wrote:
 John Nagle wrote:

    A tagged machine might make Python faster.  You could have
 unboxed ints and floats, yet still allow values of other types,
 with the hardware tagging helping with dispatch.   But it probably
 wouldn't help all that much.  It didn't in the LISP machines.

 What might help more is having bytecodes that operate on
 arrays of unboxed types -- numpy acceleration in hardware.

I'd be interested in seeing the performance impact of this, although I
wonder if it'd be feasible.

Geremy Condra
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Re: integer multiplication


On 4/4/2011 1:51 AM, Paul Rubin wrote:


I didn't realize Python used Karatsuba.  The main issue is probably that
Python uses a straightforward portable C implementation that's not
terribly efficient,


but relatively easy for a couple of people to maintain. For (C)Python 3, 
which no longer has a C int type, I believe changes were focused on 
making calculations with small integers almost as fast as in 2.x.


(I believe that retaining two implementations internally was considered 
but rejected. Could be wrong.)


If you look for the gmpy module, it gives you a way to use gmp from
Python.  In crypto code (lots of 1024 bit modular exponentials) I think
I found gmpy to be around 4x faster than Python longs.

For specialized use, specialized gmpy is the way to go.

I am curious how gmpy compares to 3.x ints (longs) with small number 
calculations like 3+5 or 3*5.



--
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XML header with lxml

2011-04-04 Thread Jabba Laci

Hi,

I want to construct an XML file with lxml but I don't find how to add
the '?xml version=1.0?' header.

from lxml import etree as ET

html = ET.Element(html)
print ET.tostring(html)

simply prints
html/

Thanks,

Laszlo
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Re: Python CPU


On 4/4/2011 5:23 AM, Paul Rubin wrote:

Gregory Ewinggreg.ew...@canterbury.ac.nz  writes:

What might help more is having bytecodes that operate on
arrays of unboxed types -- numpy acceleration in hardware.


That is an interesting idea as an array or functools module patch.
Basically a way to map or fold arbitrary functions over arrays, with a
few obvious optimizations to avoid refcount churning.  It could have
helped with a number of things I've done over the years.


For map, I presume you are thinking of an array.map(func) in system code 
(C for CPython) equivalent to


def map(self,func):
  for i,ob in enumerate(self):
self[i] = func(ob)

The question is whether it would be enough faster. Of course, what would 
really be needed for speed are wrapped system-coded funcs that map would 
recognize and pass and received unboxed array units to and from. At that 
point, we just about invented 1-D numpy ;-).


I have always thought the array was underutilized, but I see now that it 
only offers Python code space saving at a cost of interconversion time. 
To be really useful, arrays of unboxed data, like strings and bytes, 
need system-coded functions that directly operate on the unboxed data, 
like strings and bytes have. Array comes with a few, but very few, 
generic sequence methods, like .count(x) (a special-case of reduction).


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Re: integer multiplication

2011-04-04 Thread geremy condra

On Mon, Apr 4, 2011 at 9:41 AM, Terry Reedy tjre...@udel.edu wrote:
 On 4/4/2011 1:51 AM, Paul Rubin wrote:

 I didn't realize Python used Karatsuba.  The main issue is probably that
 Python uses a straightforward portable C implementation that's not
 terribly efficient,

 but relatively easy for a couple of people to maintain. For (C)Python 3,
 which no longer has a C int type, I believe changes were focused on making
 calculations with small integers almost as fast as in 2.x.

 (I believe that retaining two implementations internally was considered but
 rejected. Could be wrong.)

There are two implementations, grade school multiplication and
karatsuba, which kicks in after a given cutoff.

If you look for the gmpy module, it gives you a way to use gmp from
Python.  In crypto code (lots of 1024 bit modular exponentials) I think
I found gmpy to be around 4x faster than Python longs.

 For specialized use, specialized gmpy is the way to go.

 I am curious how gmpy compares to 3.x ints (longs) with small number
 calculations like 3+5 or 3*5.

I have this data somewhere, if you're interested I'll try to dredge it up.

Geremy Condra
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Re: Guido rethinking removal of cmp from sort method


On 4/4/2011 5:34 AM, Antoon Pardon wrote:

On Fri, Apr 01, 2011 at 10:21:33PM -0400, Terry Reedy wrote:


rewriting cmp_to_key in C is underway

http://bugs.python.org/issue11707


Nice to know! Any chance this wil get into 2.7.x?


I posted the question to the issue.

--
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Re: Guido rethinking removal of cmp from sort method


On 4/4/2011 9:35 AM, Lie Ryan wrote:

On 04/04/11 19:34, Antoon Pardon wrote:

On Fri, Apr 01, 2011 at 10:21:33PM -0400, Terry Reedy wrote:


rewriting cmp_to_key in C is underway

http://bugs.python.org/issue11707


Nice to know! Any chance this wil get into 2.7.x?


Python 2.7 still have list.sort(cmp=...)/sorted(cmp=...), so cmp_to_key
is not much use there. Just pass your comparison function to the cmp
argument.


.cmp_to_key was added to ease moving to 3.x or maintaining code usable 
on both. A faster version would encourage such use. But it is not a bug 
fix exactly, and there is always worry that permanance enhancements may 
have unforseen side effects. I will let Raymond make the call on this.


--
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Re: Python CPU


On 4/4/2011 1:14 PM, Terry Reedy wrote:

On 4/4/2011 5:23 AM, Paul Rubin wrote:

Gregory Ewinggreg.ew...@canterbury.ac.nz writes:

What might help more is having bytecodes that operate on
arrays of unboxed types -- numpy acceleration in hardware.


That is an interesting idea as an array or functools module patch.
Basically a way to map or fold arbitrary functions over arrays, with a
few obvious optimizations to avoid refcount churning. It could have
helped with a number of things I've done over the years.


For map, I presume you are thinking of an array.map(func) in system code
(C for CPython) equivalent to

def map(self,func):
for i,ob in enumerate(self):
self[i] = func(ob)

The question is whether it would be enough faster. Of course, what would
really be needed for speed are wrapped system-coded funcs that map would
recognize and pass and received unboxed array units to and from. At that
point, we just about invented 1-D numpy ;-).

I have always thought the array was underutilized, but I see now that it
only offers Python code space saving at a cost of interconversion time.
To be really useful, arrays of unboxed data, like strings and bytes,
need system-coded functions that directly operate on the unboxed data,
like strings and bytes have. Array comes with a few, but very few,
generic sequence methods, like .count(x) (a special-case of reduction).


After posting this, I realized that ctypes makes it easy to find and 
wrap functions in a shared library as a Python object (possibly with 
parameter annotations) that could be passed to array.map, etc. No 
swigging needed, which is harder than writing simple C functions. So a 
small extension to array with .map, .filter, .reduce, and a wrapper 
class would be more useful than I thought.



--
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Re: integer multiplication


On 4/4/2011 1:20 PM, geremy condra wrote:

On Mon, Apr 4, 2011 at 9:41 AM, Terry Reedytjre...@udel.edu  wrote:



(I believe that retaining two implementations internally was considered but
rejected. Could be wrong.)


There are two implementations, grade school multiplication and
karatsuba, which kicks in after a given cutoff.


I meant internally retaining the 2.7 machine int and unbounded long types.


I am curious how gmpy compares to 3.x ints (longs) with small number
calculations like 3+5 or 3*5.


I have this data somewhere, if you're interested I'll try to dredge it up.


My question is whether gmpy ints could be a complete substitute for 3.x 
ints, or whether speed for bit (1000 digit) ints came at the expense of 
extra overhead making small int calculations slower. That is separate 
from the issue of whether gmpy ints implement the entire int interface, 
or whether they currently inter-operate with other types as well.


--
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tkSimpleDialog.Dialog.ok calls Cancel

2011-04-04 Thread Matt H

I am subclassing tkSimpleDialog.Dialog as a (sqlite) database front-
end. This parent dialog opens a number of child dialogs to propagate
sub-tables (like sub-forms in OOo). These subforms write their input
into the database (INSERT...)

The parent dialog then either commits or rolls-back transactions based
on whether the user clicks ok or cancel. This ensures that if
something is written to the db in a subform, that it doesn't stay in
the database if the user chooses cancel (the rollback transaction code
is in cancel).

I have everything working except for the fact that python
tkSimpleDialog.ok calls tkSimpleDialog.cancel to clean up, which means
all of my transactions get cancelled (even if the user clicks ok). Is
there a way to do this without re-implementing or copying the
tkSimpleDialog.Dialog ok and cancel methods entirely?

In other words, how do I make OK not execute cancel?
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Re: [pyplot] using f1=figure(1)

2011-04-04 Thread Giacomo Boffi

eryksun () eryk...@gmail.com writes:

 figure(fig1.number)
 plot(...)

that's already much better than figure(1);...;figure(2);...

 Alternatively, you can use the plot methods of a particular axes:

 fig1 = figure()
 ax1 = axes()
 fig2 = figure()
 ax2 = axes()

 ax1.plot(...)
 ax2.plot(...)

that's nicer

 It works the same for subplots: [...]

thanks a lot
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  VS gli sciocchi puntigli di quel cretino del mio vicino
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Re: Guido rethinking removal of cmp from sort method


O


fix exactly, and there is always worry that permanance enhancements may
have unforseen side effects. I will let Raymond make the call on this.


/permanance/performance/, /unforseen/unforeseen/


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Re: TypeError: iterable argument required

2011-04-04 Thread Νικόλαος Κούρας

On 4 Απρ, 17:38, Mel mwil...@the-wire.com wrote:
 Íéêüëáïò Êïýñáò wrote:
   iam getting the following error which i dont understand

   **
   163         # insert guest comments into database if form was
   submitted
     164         if @ in mail and comment not in (Ó÷ïëéÜóôå Þ ñùôÞóôå
   ìå ó÷åôéêÜ, ):
     165                 try:
     166                         cursor.execute( '''INSERT INTO
   users(mail, comment) VALUES(%s, %s)''', (mail, comment) )
   mail = None, comment = None

   TypeError: iterable argument required
         args = ('iterable argument required',)

  In my original question can you explain to me what the meaning of the
  following error is?

  
  mail = None, comment = None
  TypeError: iterable argument required
        args = ('iterable argument required',)
  *

  Also i noticed that if i append a query string in the end of a url
  with the varibble mail attached like

 http://superhost.gr/hosting.html?mail=test

  then page hosting.html does load without any problem.

  If i remove the query string from the ned of the URL then i'am getting
  the error message i posted.

  So its not that the if condition is wrong but something happens with
  the form variable 'mail' .

 My wild guess is that the trouble is in `if @ in mail` .  You can only
 test somthing `in` something if the second thing is iterable.  So when
 you don't supply a value via `?mail=' -- maybe the code that sets the
 value of `mail` from the URL (code you don't show us) sets `mail=None`,
 your server-side code blows up.  Things would be simpler if you included
 a traceback in your error logging.

         Mel.

I think you and Peter are right. Somehow mail variable which is taken
its value from a form field is assigned a None value.

Here is the hosting.html part of the code that include the form
variable mail

form method=post action=

input type=text name=mail value=Ποιό είναι το email σου?br
textarea name=comment cols=40 rows=5
Σχολιάστε ή ρωτήστε με σχετικά
/textareabr

input type=hidden name=page value=hosting.html
input type=submit value=Ρώτα

/form

But as you can see it has a default value of Ποιό είναι το email
σου?
So how can be of a NoneType ?

  Things would be simpler if you included a traceback in your error logging.

You mean the web server's last error log messages for the error.log
file?

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Re: integer multiplication

2011-04-04 Thread casevh

On Apr 4, 9:41 am, Terry Reedy tjre...@udel.edu wrote:
 On 4/4/2011 1:51 AM, Paul Rubin wrote:

  I didn't realize Python used Karatsuba.  The main issue is probably that
  Python uses a straightforward portable C implementation that's not
  terribly efficient,

 but relatively easy for a couple of people to maintain. For (C)Python 3,
 which no longer has a C int type, I believe changes were focused on
 making calculations with small integers almost as fast as in 2.x.

 (I believe that retaining two implementations internally was considered
 but rejected. Could be wrong.)

  If you look for the gmpy module, it gives you a way to use gmp from
  Python.  In crypto code (lots of 1024 bit modular exponentials) I think
  I found gmpy to be around 4x faster than Python longs.

 For specialized use, specialized gmpy is the way to go.

 I am curious how gmpy compares to 3.x ints (longs) with small number
 calculations like 3+5 or 3*5.

 --
 Terry Jan Reedy

(Disclaimer: I'm the current maintainer of gmpy.)

A quick comparison between native integers and gmpy.mpz() on Python
3.2, 64-bit Linux and gmpy 1.14.

For multiplication of single digit numbers, native integers are faster
by ~25%. The breakeven threshold for multiplication occurs around 12
digits and by 20 digits, gmpy is almost 2x faster.

I've made some improvements between gmpy 1.04 and 1.14 to decrease the
overhead for gmpy operations. The breakeven point for older versions
will be higher so if you are running performance critical code with
older versions of gmpy, I'd recommend upgrading to 1.14.

casevh




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Re: XML header with lxml

2011-04-04 Thread Chroma Key


On 2011-04-04 18:54:40 +0200, Jabba Laci said:


I want to construct an XML file with lxml but I don't find how to add
the '?xml version=1.0?' header.

from lxml import etree as ET

html = ET.Element(html)
print ET.tostring(html)


Add the xml_declaration=True as an argument of etree.tostring().

--
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Re: Python CPU

2011-04-04 Thread John Nagle


On 4/4/2011 12:47 AM, Gregory Ewing wrote:

John Nagle wrote:


A tagged machine might make Python faster. You could have
unboxed ints and floats, yet still allow values of other types,
with the hardware tagging helping with dispatch. But it probably
wouldn't help all that much. It didn't in the LISP machines.


What might help more is having bytecodes that operate on
arrays of unboxed types -- numpy acceleration in hardware.


That sort of thing was popular in the era of the early
Cray machines.  Once superscalar CPUs were developed,
the overhead on tight inner loops went down, and several
iterations of a loop could be in the pipeline at one time,
if they didn't conflict.  Modern superscalar machines have
register renaming, so the same program-visible register on
two successive iterations can map to different registers within
the CPU, allowing two iterations of the same loop to execute
simultaneously.  This eliminates the need for loop unrolling and
Duff's device.

John Nagle

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Re: Fun python 3.2 one-liner

2011-04-04 Thread gb

harrismh777 harrismh...@charter.net writes:

 Seriously, these little one liners teach me more about the python
 language in less time than [...]

def f(x,n,w): return x if n==1 else\
(lambda x0=f(x[::2],n/2,w[::2]),\
x1=f(x[1::2],n/2,w[::2]): reduce(lambda a,b: a+b ,\
  zip(*[(x0[k]+w[k]*x1[k],\
 x0[k]-w[k]*x1[k])\
 for k in range(n/2)])))()

it was a joke of sort played on it.comp.lang.python

[thanks to marco (zip(*...))  and antonio (lambda with default
arguments)]
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Re: running Python2 Python3 parallel concurrent

2011-04-04 Thread harrismh777


John Roth wrote:

You might want to look at PEP 394, which is tentatively scheduled for
Python 3.3 and the next maintenance release of 2.7. As far as I can
tell, this pretty much solves the problem for Unixoid and MacOS
systems.


Thanks John.  I finally read PEP 394 and 397. Yes, these handle the 
problem on the execute end. The solution to the problem on the 
application development end (my stuff, see previous) is concerning the 
requirement to be able to build apps for both versions in parallel--- 
from the development end.
Ultimately, it would be nice to have support in IDLE for multiple 
versions from under the umbrella of one IDE. I have decided that rather 
than try to port 32 - 2.7  ( or 27. - 3.2 ) that I will be developing 
for both (in parallel) concurrently. When I am done with the app two 
versions will be able, one sh-banged for 2.7 and the other sh-banged for 
3.2/
At the moment I am using two instances of IDLE running in parallel, one 
using 2.7.1 and the other using 3.2 /I would like to see them 
combined under one IDE with configuration options for multiple version 
environments (perhaps in addition to 2.7 , 3.2).
So, I'm playing a bit with IDLE to see what I can come up with. I don't 
know if anyone wants to see a PEP on that or not.
And, while I'm at it, I think I'll look into a way to provide a clear 
screen option for the IDLE interactive window...   :)


kind regards,
m harris

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Re: Python CPU

2011-04-04 Thread Paul Rubin

John Nagle na...@animats.com writes:
 That sort of thing was popular in the era of the early
 Cray machines.  Once superscalar CPUs were developed,
 the overhead on tight inner loops went down, and several
 iterations of a loop could be in the pipeline at one time,

Vector processors are back, they just call them GPGPU's now.
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Multiprocessing, shared memory vs. pickled copies

2011-04-04 Thread John Ladasky

Hi folks,

I'm developing some custom neural network code.  I'm using Python 2.6,
Numpy 1.5, and Ubuntu Linux 10.10.  I have an AMD 1090T six-core CPU,
and I want to take full advantage of it.  I love to hear my CPU fan
running, and watch my results come back faster.

When I'm training a neural network, I pass two numpy.ndarray objects
to a function called evaluate.  One array contains the weights for the
neural network, and the other array contains the input data.  The
evaluate function returns an array of output data.

I have been playing with multiprocessing for a while now, and I have
some familiarity with Pool.  Apparently, arguments passed to a Pool
subprocess must be able to be pickled.  Pickling is still a pretty
vague progress to me, but I can see that you have to write custom
__reduce__ and __setstate__ methods for your objects.  An example of
code which creates a pickle-friendly ndarray subclass is here:

http://www.mail-archive.com/numpy-discussion@scipy.org/msg02446.html

Now, I don't know that I actually HAVE to pass my neural network and
input data as copies -- they're both READ-ONLY objects for the
duration of an evaluate function (which can go on for quite a while).
So, I have also started to investigate shared-memory approaches.  I
don't know how a shared-memory object is referenced by a subprocess
yet, but presumably you pass a reference to the object, rather than
the whole object.   Also, it appears that subprocesses also acquire a
temporary lock over a shared memory object, and thus one process may
well spend time waiting for another (individual CPU caches may
sidestep this problem?) Anyway, an implementation of a shared-memory
ndarray is here:

https://bitbucket.org/cleemesser/numpy-sharedmem/src/3fa526d11578/shmarray.py

I've added a few lines to this code which allows subclassing the
shared memory array, which I need (because my neural net objects are
more than just the array, they also contain meta-data).  But I've run
into some trouble doing the actual sharing part.  The shmarray class
CANNOT be pickled.  I think that my understanding of multiprocessing
needs to evolve beyond the use of Pool, but I'm not sure yet.  This
post suggests as much.

http://mail.scipy.org/pipermail/scipy-user/2009-February/019696.html

I don't believe that my questions are specific to numpy, which is why
I'm posting here, in a more general Python forum.

When should one pickle and copy?  When to implement an object in
shared memory?  Why is pickling apparently such a non-trivial process
anyway?  And, given that multi-core CPU's are apparently here to stay,
should it be so difficult to make use of them?
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Determining version of OpenSSL

2011-04-04 Thread Adam Mercer

Hi

I'm trying to determine the version of OpenSSL that a given python is
compiled against, with python2.7 I can do this with:

import ssl
ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION

is there a way that this can be done in python2.4? It's annoying but I
need to support python2.4 for a while yet :-(

Cheers

Adam
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Re: proposal to allow to set the delimiter in str.format to something other than curly bracket

2011-04-04 Thread Alia Khouri

Peter Otten wrote:
 You could automatically convert from a custom format like that in your
 original post:

 import re

 _lookup = {
     [[: {,
     ]]: },
     {: {{,
     }: }},

 }

 def _substitute(m):
     return _lookup[m.group()]

 def custom_format(template, *args, **kw):
     return (re.compile(r\[\[|]]|\{|\})
             .sub(_substitute, template)
             .format(*args, **kw))

 code = class [[0]]Model { public bool IsModel(){ return a[42] || true; } }
 print custom_format(code, My)

Nice! I didn't think of that. I guess I could get some additional
performance by taking the re.compile step out of the function. Thanks
for the tip!

AK

AK


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Re: Guido rethinking removal of cmp from sort method

2011-04-04 Thread rantingrick

On Apr 2, 5:13 am, Steven D'Aprano steve
+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote:

 Should I use the list, list2, sortable_list, sortable_list2,
 sortable_lost3, [note spelling, which we're stuck with forever],
 heterogeneous_list, heterogeneous_list_without_stooge_sort, new_list,
 fancy_list, fancy_list2, fancy_list_with_extra_oomph, newer_than_new_list
 or list3?

 Each and every interface carries a cost. Even if it is small, that cost
 must be weighed up against the benefits, rather than declaring that all
 interfaces are sacred once published.

Yes and whilst that was a brilliant display of bombastic arrogance
your statements miss the point completely. And to respond i'll pull a
sentence from your own post...

 None of those assumptions are even *remotely* true in the real world.

Moving on...

 Removing a published interface imposes a one-time cost on those using
 that interface, but it has an on-going benefit for all.

Oh really? And what about the large steaming pile of elephant dung in
the room your nose seems to be unable to smell?  You just *assume*
that more new hands are hopping on board the old Python vessel to
hell than old hands are dangling on to the rudders for dear life.
What a naive assumption Mr. D'Aprano!

As we all know Python has experienced an explosion of usage over the
past years, however i would say with the confusions of the Python2 to
Python3 conversion, old tutorials, Ruby's competition, and just plain
mis information in the wild we have cast deep into the throes of a
internal Pythonic rejection-ism and now find ourselves teetering on
the brink of full blown world wide Pythonic recession-ism unless we
get this runaway ship under control very quickly.

Now whilst i agree with most of the changes in Python3 i wonder if
some of them could have waited until Python4. We seemed to have become
so pedantic as to render ourselves blind to the cries of others. And
when i say others i am not speaking general others. No, i am
speaking of fellow tried and true Pythonistas who have many years of
investment in this language. Folks who have vast libraries of Python
code that have been rendered useless because a few elites have spent
too much time lamenting minutia.

Where is the call from on high to rid the web of old Python2.x tuts
and ring in the era of Python3.x compatibility? Where is the energy to
re-ignite the flames of collaborative community? Where is the
leadership this community desperately needs? Where is the excitement
for the future of Python in the old hats? Oh yes i forgot... they're
too busy porting 2.x code to give a flying fig!

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Re: tkSimpleDialog.Dialog.ok calls Cancel

2011-04-04 Thread rantingrick

On Apr 4, 2:06 pm, Matt H mghe...@gmail.com wrote:
 I am subclassing tkSimpleDialog.Dialog as a (sqlite) database front-
 end. This parent dialog opens a number of child dialogs to propagate
 sub-tables (like sub-forms in OOo). These subforms write their input
 into the database (INSERT...)

 The parent dialog then either commits or rolls-back transactions based
 on whether the user clicks ok or cancel. This ensures that if
 something is written to the db in a subform, that it doesn't stay in
 the database if the user chooses cancel (the rollback transaction code
 is in cancel).

 I have everything working except for the fact that python
 tkSimpleDialog.ok calls tkSimpleDialog.cancel to clean up, which means
 all of my transactions get cancelled (even if the user clicks ok). Is
 there a way to do this without re-implementing or copying the
 tkSimpleDialog.Dialog ok and cancel methods entirely?

 In other words, how do I make OK not execute cancel?

The ok and cancel methods are just a few lines of code for crying out
loud. And besides, you must have inherited from this class anyway to
create your custom dialog. If copy paste is not working for you then i
would suggest building a better light bulb. Tesla did it (and one-
upped that old fart and cheat Edison) so why can't you?

PS: And besides, the tkSimpleDialog class was ill conceived from day
one. Search the archives for my discussions on the pitfalls of this
code and my suggestions for curing (some) the many problems contained
within.

PPS: Not to say that a modal dialog that self closes is a design flaw
BTW!
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Re: proposal to allow to set the delimiter in str.format to something other than curly bracket

2011-04-04 Thread Alia Khouri

Peter Otten wrote:

 You could automatically convert from a custom format like that in your
 original post...

snip

Here's a class wrapping your functionality:

import re

class Template(object):
'''uses double brackets e.g [[ob.attr]] as delims to get
  around curly bracket ({}) collisions when generating code
'''
_pattern = re.compile(r\[\[|]]|\{|\})
_lookup = {
[[: {,
]]: },
{: {{,
}: }},
}
def __init__(self, txt):
self.txt = txt
self.type = type

def _substitute(self, m):
return self._lookup[m.group()]

def render(self, *args, **kwds):
return self._pattern.sub(
self._substitute, self.txt).format(*args, **kwds)

def test_Template():
class P: pass
p = P()
p.name = 'peter'
txt = 'hello there [[o.name]]'
t = Template(txt)
assert t.render(o=p) == 'hello there peter'

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Re: Guido rethinking removal of cmp from sort method

On Tue, Apr 5, 2011 at 7:10 AM, rantingrick rantingr...@gmail.com wrote:
 olks who have vast libraries of Python
 code that have been rendered useless because a few elites have spent
 too much time lamenting minutia.

How is the code rendered useless when (a) Python 2.7 is still the
default Python in many places, and (b) in any place where it's not,
it's going to be about one command to install a python2?

ChrisA
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Re: Determining version of OpenSSL

2011-04-04 Thread Martin v. Loewis

 import ssl
 ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION
 
 is there a way that this can be done in python2.4? It's annoying but I
 need to support python2.4 for a while yet :-(

ldd /usr/lib/python2.4/lib-dynload/_ssl.so
[...]
libssl.so.0.9.8 = /usr/lib/libssl.so.0.9.8 (0x7f6a5a9b7000)
[...]

HTH,
Martin
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Re: Fun python 3.2 one-liner

On Tue, Apr 5, 2011 at 6:09 AM, gb g...@cabiate.it wrote:
 harrismh777 harrismh...@charter.net writes:

 Seriously, these little one liners teach me more about the python
 language in less time than [...]

 def f(x,n,w): return x if n==1 else\
    (lambda x0=f(x[::2],n/2,w[::2]),\
            x1=f(x[1::2],n/2,w[::2]): reduce(lambda a,b: a+b ,\
                                      zip(*[(x0[k]+w[k]*x1[k],\
                                             x0[k]-w[k]*x1[k])\
                                             for k in range(n/2)])))()

 it was a joke of sort played on it.comp.lang.python

(Remind me how it is that Python code is more readable than line noise
or Perl code?)

What sort of parameters does this take? So far all I can figure out is
that n is an integer and x and w are sliceables, but I'm not sure
whether x and w should be strings or arrays.

ChrisA
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Re: Python CPU


Terry Reedy wrote:
So a 
small extension to array with .map, .filter, .reduce, and a wrapper 
class would be more useful than I thought.


Also useful would be some functions for doing elementwise
operations between arrays. Sometimes you'd like to just do
a bit of vector arithmetic, and pulling in the whole of
numpy as a dependency seems like overkill.

--
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Re: Determining version of OpenSSL

2011-04-04 Thread Adam Mercer

On Mon, Apr 4, 2011 at 16:44, Martin v. Loewis mar...@v.loewis.de wrote:

 is there a way that this can be done in python2.4? It's annoying but I
 need to support python2.4 for a while yet :-(

 ldd /usr/lib/python2.4/lib-dynload/_ssl.so
 [...]
        libssl.so.0.9.8 = /usr/lib/libssl.so.0.9.8 (0x7f6a5a9b7000)
 [...]

Thanks but I was hoping to do this using python as this code needs to
run on both Linux and Mac OS X, I know I can run the appropriate tools
depending on the platform. This is an option at least...

Cheers

Adam
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Re: Python CPU


geremy condra wrote:


I'd be interested in seeing the performance impact of this, although I
wonder if it'd be feasible.


A project I have in the back of my mind goes something
like this:

1) Design an instruction set for a Python machine and
a microcode architecture to support it

2) Write a simulator for it

3) Use the simulator to evaluate how effective it would
be if actually implemented, e.g. in an FPGA.

And if I get that far:

4) (optional) Get hold of a real FPGA and implement it

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Re: Guido rethinking removal of cmp from sort method

2011-04-04 Thread harrismh777


rantingrick wrote:

Yes and whilst that was a brilliant display of bombastic arrogance
your statements miss the point completely.



And what about the large steaming pile of elephant dung in
the room your nose seems to be unable to smell?



As we all know Python has experienced an explosion of usage over the
past years, however i would say with the confusions of the Python2 to
Python3 conversion, old tutorials, Ruby's competition, and just plain
mis information in the wild we have cast deep into the throes of a
internal Pythonic rejection-ism and now find ourselves teetering on
the brink of full blown world wide Pythonic recession-ism unless we
get this runaway ship under control very quickly.


oooh, ouch.


Sadly, there may be some truth in there...

... to play the advocate for a moment, as the client community we need 
to get our heads around the motives of the development community. The 
overall goal (it seems) is to make the Python language an 'ideal' that 
is admittantly evolving over time. The frustrating thing for the rest of 
us is that we now must develop code for two versions--- as well we must 
not make assumptions about whether our code will port nicely to other 
systems/platforms.  While this is frustrating, it is not an 
insurmountable mountain of elephant dung... although, I found the 
metaphor funny.   :)


   Python(3) is a new language. It has many of the same characteristics 
of Python2, but will be more consistent, cleaner, leaner, more robust... 
and certainly loved more universally by more people the world over for 
centuries to come;-)


   Bring out yer dead...,Bring out yer dead...

:)



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Re: Multiprocessing, shared memory vs. pickled copies

2011-04-04 Thread Dan Stromberg

On Mon, Apr 4, 2011 at 1:20 PM, John Ladasky lada...@my-deja.com wrote:

 When should one pickle and copy?  When to implement an object in
 shared memory?  Why is pickling apparently such a non-trivial process
 anyway?  And, given that multi-core CPU's are apparently here to stay,
 should it be so difficult to make use of 
 them?http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


Pickle and copy when your distinct processes will benefit from  having
multiple distinct copies of the data - that is, copies that can diverge
from  each other if written to in one or more of the processes.

Use shared memory if your distinct processes need to be able to see a single
copy of the same data - EG, because one needs to see the result of the
changes made in another.

Pickling's not a big deal -  it's just turning structured data (from an int
to a nested series of objects) into a stream of bytes.  Not all extension
types support it without extra work though.

Yes, multicore is increasingly  important, and Python needs to support it
well.  multiprocessing is one good way of doing so.  Also, Python 3.2 has a
new module facilitating this,  and an improved GIL situation.  Then there
are things like greenlets and stackless python.  Oh, and if you move to
jython or ironpython, you get better multithreading.

Multithreading is generally a bit lighter-weight than multiprocessing, but
it also gives a little tighter coupling between different parts of the
program and a greater probability of race conditions.
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Re: Python CPU


Paul Rubin wrote:


Vector processors are back, they just call them GPGPU's now.


Also present to some extent in the CPU, with
MMX, Altivec, etc.

--
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Re: Guido rethinking removal of cmp from sort method

2011-04-04 Thread rantingrick

On Apr 4, 4:41 pm, Chris Angelico ros...@gmail.com wrote:
 How is the code rendered useless when (a) Python 2.7 is still the
 default Python in many places,

That's the point. We are going to see Python2.x around for a very long
time. A *very* long time Chris. Sadly if this conversion was planned a
wee bit better, we could have seen it happen rather quickly instead.
We could have reined in the multiplicity instead of propagating it!

 and (b) in any place where it's not,
 it's going to be about one command to install a python2?

Oh thanks Chris for revealing the simplicity of 2 to 3 code porting.
And might ask where you will begin to volunteer your expertise to the
gazillion lines of code that need porting? hmm?
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Re: Fun python 3.2 one-liner


Chris Angelico wrote:


(Remind me how it is that Python code is more readable than line noise
or Perl code?)


Crazy thought: I wonder if Perl programmers have multi
line Perl competitions where they laugh their heads off
at how readable the code is, and how nobody in their
right mind would ever write Perl code that way?-)

--
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Re: Guido rethinking removal of cmp from sort method

On Tue, Apr 5, 2011 at 8:16 AM, rantingrick rantingr...@gmail.com wrote:
 and (b) in any place where it's not,
 it's going to be about one command to install a python2?

 Oh thanks Chris for revealing the simplicity of 2 to 3 code porting.
 And might ask where you will begin to volunteer your expertise to the
 gazillion lines of code that need porting? hmm?

That is specifically NOT porting. Sorry, I'm not a 2to3-on-call. I
just code for one platform.

ChrisA
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Toronto PyCamp 2011

2011-04-04 Thread Chris Calloway

The University of Toronto Department of Physics brings PyCamp to Toronto 
on Monday, June 27 through Thursday, June 30, 2011.


Register today at http://trizpug.org/boot-camp/torpy11/

For beginners, this ultra-low-cost Python Boot Camp makes you productive 
so you can get your work done quickly. PyCamp emphasizes the features 
which make Python a simpler and more efficient language. Following along 
with example Python PushUps™ speeds your learning process. Become a 
self-sufficient Python developer in just four days at PyCamp! PyCamp is 
conducted on the campus of the University of Toronto in a state of the 
art high technology classroom.


--
Sincerely,

Chris Calloway http://nccoos.org/Members/cbc
office: 3313 Venable Hall   phone: (919) 599-3530
mail: Campus Box #3300, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Re: Fun python 3.2 one-liner

On Tue, Apr 5, 2011 at 8:16 AM, Gregory Ewing
greg.ew...@canterbury.ac.nz wrote:
 Chris Angelico wrote:

 Crazy thought: I wonder if Perl programmers have multi
 line Perl competitions where they laugh their heads off
 at how readable the code is, and how nobody in their
 right mind would ever write Perl code that way?-)

Ha!! Okay, now I have to explain to my fellow bus passengers what it
is that I just cracked up laughing at...

You know what? I don't think I can.

I do like readable code, but quite a few of my favorite language
features are the ones commonly (ab)used to make unreadable code. C's
?: operator, Pike's interpretation of || for defaults, Python's lambda
functions... all great ways to shorten your code, but so easily used
for evil.

I think I like things that can be used for evil.

ChrisA
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Re: Fun python 3.2 one-liner

2011-04-04 Thread Emile van Sebille


On 4/4/2011 3:16 PM Gregory Ewing said...

Chris Angelico wrote:


(Remind me how it is that Python code is more readable than line noise
or Perl code?)


Crazy thought: I wonder if Perl programmers have multi
line Perl competitions where they laugh their heads off
at how readable the code is, and how nobody in their
right mind would ever write Perl code that way?-)



I don't know if I should be laughing or nodding in agreement... :)

Emile


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Re: Guido rethinking removal of cmp from sort method

On Mon, 04 Apr 2011 17:09:07 -0500, harrismh777 wrote:

 Python(3) is a new language. It has many of the same characteristics
 of Python2, but will be more consistent, cleaner, leaner, more robust...
 and certainly loved more universally by more people the world over for
 centuries to come;-)

Only if you define language so narrowly that Python 2.1 and Python 2.2 
are also different languages, or CPython and Jython or IronPython.

I prefer to consider Python 2.7 and Python 3.x as different dialects of 
the same language. There are a very few handful of incompatibilities, 
most of which can be automatically resolved by the 2to3 fixers. To 
describe them as different languages leaves no term to describe the 
differences between (say) Python and Cobra:

http://cobra-language.com/docs/python/

let alone something like Python vs Forth.



-- 
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Re: Multiprocessing, shared memory vs. pickled copies

2011-04-04 Thread Philip Semanchuk


On Apr 4, 2011, at 4:20 PM, John Ladasky wrote:

 I have been playing with multiprocessing for a while now, and I have
 some familiarity with Pool.  Apparently, arguments passed to a Pool
 subprocess must be able to be pickled.  

Hi John,
multiprocessing's use of pickle is not limited to Pool. For instance, objects 
put into a multiprocessing.Queue are also pickled, as are the args to a 
multiprocessing.Process. So if you're going to use multiprocessing, you're 
going to use pickle, and you need pickleable objects. 


 Pickling is still a pretty
 vague progress to me, but I can see that you have to write custom
 __reduce__ and __setstate__ methods for your objects.

Well, that's only if one's objects don't support pickle by default. A lot of 
classes do without any need for custom __reduce__ and __setstate__ methods. 
Since you're apparently not too familiar with pickle, I don't want you to get 
the false impression that it's a lot of trouble. I've used pickle a number of 
times and never had to write custom methods for it.



 Now, I don't know that I actually HAVE to pass my neural network and
 input data as copies -- they're both READ-ONLY objects for the
 duration of an evaluate function (which can go on for quite a while).
 So, I have also started to investigate shared-memory approaches.  I
 don't know how a shared-memory object is referenced by a subprocess
 yet, but presumably you pass a reference to the object, rather than
 the whole object.   Also, it appears that subprocesses also acquire a
 temporary lock over a shared memory object, and thus one process may
 well spend time waiting for another (individual CPU caches may
 sidestep this problem?) Anyway, an implementation of a shared-memory
 ndarray is here:

There's no standard shared memory implementation for Python. The mmap module is 
as close as you get. I wrote  support the posix_ipc and sysv_ipc modules which 
give you IPC primitives (shared memory and semaphores) in Python. They work 
well (IMHO) but they're *nix-only and much lower level than multiprocessing. If 
multiprocessing is like a kitchen well stocked with appliances, posix_ipc (and 
sysc_ipc) is like a box of sharp knives.

Note that mmap and my IPC modules don't expose Python objects. They expose raw 
bytes in memory. YOu're still going to have to jump through some hoops (...like 
pickle) to turn your Python objects into a bytestream and vice versa.


What might be easier than fooling around with boxes of sharp knives is to 
convert your ndarray objects to Python lists. Lists are pickle-friendly and 
easy to turn back into ndarray objects once they've crossed the pickle 
boundary. 


 When should one pickle and copy?  When to implement an object in
 shared memory?  Why is pickling apparently such a non-trivial process
 anyway?  And, given that multi-core CPU's are apparently here to stay,
 should it be so difficult to make use of them?

My answers to these questions:

1) Depends
2) In Python, almost never unless you're using a nice wrapper like shmarray.py
3) I don't think it's non-trivial =)
4) No, definitely not. Python will only get better at working with multiple 
cores/CPUs, but there's plenty of room for improvement on the status quo.

Hope this helps
Philip





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Re: Multiprocessing, shared memory vs. pickled copies

2011-04-04 Thread Robert Kern


On 4/4/11 3:20 PM, John Ladasky wrote:

Hi folks,

I'm developing some custom neural network code.  I'm using Python 2.6,
Numpy 1.5, and Ubuntu Linux 10.10.  I have an AMD 1090T six-core CPU,
and I want to take full advantage of it.  I love to hear my CPU fan
running, and watch my results come back faster.


You will want to ask numpy questions on the numpy mailing list.

  http://www.scipy.org/Mailing_Lists


When I'm training a neural network, I pass two numpy.ndarray objects
to a function called evaluate.  One array contains the weights for the
neural network, and the other array contains the input data.  The
evaluate function returns an array of output data.

I have been playing with multiprocessing for a while now, and I have
some familiarity with Pool.  Apparently, arguments passed to a Pool
subprocess must be able to be pickled.  Pickling is still a pretty
vague progress to me, but I can see that you have to write custom
__reduce__ and __setstate__ methods for your objects.  An example of
code which creates a pickle-friendly ndarray subclass is here:

http://www.mail-archive.com/numpy-discussion@scipy.org/msg02446.html


Note that numpy arrays are already pickle-friendly. This message is telling you 
how, *if* you are already subclassing, how to make your subclass pickle the 
extra information it holds.



Now, I don't know that I actually HAVE to pass my neural network and
input data as copies -- they're both READ-ONLY objects for the
duration of an evaluate function (which can go on for quite a while).
So, I have also started to investigate shared-memory approaches.  I
don't know how a shared-memory object is referenced by a subprocess
yet, but presumably you pass a reference to the object, rather than
the whole object.   Also, it appears that subprocesses also acquire a
temporary lock over a shared memory object, and thus one process may
well spend time waiting for another (individual CPU caches may
sidestep this problem?) Anyway, an implementation of a shared-memory
ndarray is here:

https://bitbucket.org/cleemesser/numpy-sharedmem/src/3fa526d11578/shmarray.py

I've added a few lines to this code which allows subclassing the
shared memory array, which I need (because my neural net objects are
more than just the array, they also contain meta-data).


Honestly, you should avoid subclassing ndarray just to add metadata. It never 
works well. Make a plain class, and keep the arrays as attributes.



But I've run
into some trouble doing the actual sharing part.  The shmarray class
CANNOT be pickled.


Please never just *say* that something doesn't work. Show us what you tried, and 
show us exactly what output you got. I assume you tried something like this:


[Downloads]$ cat runmp.py
from multiprocessing import Pool
import shmarray


def f(z):
return z.sum()

y = shmarray.zeros(10)
z = shmarray.ones(10)

p = Pool(2)
print p.map(f, [y, z])


And got output like this:

[Downloads]$ python runmp.py
Exception in thread Thread-2:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File 
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/7.0/lib/python2.7/threading.py, 
line 530, in __bootstrap_inner

self.run()
  File 
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/7.0/lib/python2.7/threading.py, 
line 483, in run

self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)
  File 
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/7.0/lib/python2.7/multiprocessing/pool.py, 
line 287, in _handle_tasks

put(task)
PicklingError: Can't pickle class 
'multiprocessing.sharedctypes.c_double_Array_10': attribute lookup 
multiprocessing.sharedctypes.c_double_Array_10 failed



Now, the sharedctypes is supposed to implement shared arrays. Underneath, they 
have some dynamically created types like this c_double_Array_10 type. 
multiprocessing has a custom pickler which has a registry of reduction functions 
for types that do not implement a __reduce_ex__() method. For these dynamically 
created types that cannot be imported from a module, this dynamic registry is 
the only way to do it. At least at one point, the Connection objects which 
communicate between processes would use this custom pickler to serialize objects 
to bytes to transmit them.


However, at least in Python 2.7, multiprocessing seems to have a C extension 
module defining the Connection objects. Unfortunately, it looks like this C 
extension just imports the regular pickler that is not aware of these custom 
types. That's why you get this error. I believe this is a bug in Python.


So what did you try, and what output did you get? What version of Python are you 
using?



I think that my understanding of multiprocessing
needs to evolve beyond the use of Pool, but I'm not sure yet.  This
post suggests as much.

http://mail.scipy.org/pipermail/scipy-user/2009-February/019696.html


Maybe. If the __reduce_ex__() method is implemented properly (and 
multiprocessing bugs aren't getting in the way), you ought to be able to pass 
them to a Pool just fine. You just need to

Re: Guido rethinking removal of cmp from sort method

On Tue, 05 Apr 2011 07:41:37 +1000, Chris Angelico wrote:

 On Tue, Apr 5, 2011 at 7:10 AM, rantingrick rantingr...@gmail.com
 wrote:
 olks who have vast libraries of Python code that have been rendered
 useless because a few elites have spent too much time lamenting
 minutia.
 
 How is the code rendered useless when (a) Python 2.7 is still the
 default Python in many places, and (b) in any place where it's not, it's
 going to be about one command to install a python2?

Please don't feed the troll.

Check the archives. rantingrick isn't interested in good-faith debate. 
He's trying to rally followers to lead on his crusade to save Python from 
itself (which *entirely* consists of him declaring that there is a 
problem, and everyone else dropping what they're doing to do the actual 
work of fixing it).


-- 
Steven
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Re: Multiprocessing, shared memory vs. pickled copies

2011-04-04 Thread Dan Stromberg

On Mon, Apr 4, 2011 at 4:34 PM, Philip Semanchuk phi...@semanchuk.comwrote:

 So if you're going to use multiprocessing, you're going to use pickle, and
 you need pickleable objects.


http://docs.python.org/library/multiprocessing.html#sharing-state-between-processes
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Re: PyThreadState_Swap crash

2011-04-04 Thread Philip Semanchuk


On Apr 4, 2011, at 9:08 AM, Wiktor Adamski wrote:

 I have 2 threads in C code using python 2.5.2. First thread creates
 new interpreter (i need several interpreters but those 2 threads use
 only one) like that:
 
 PyEval_AcquireLock();
 threadState = Py_NewInterpreter();
 PyThreadState_Swap(threadState);
 
 // calling python API
 
 PyThreadState_Swap(NULL);
 PyEval_ReleaseLock();
 
 Second thread uses interpreter created in first thread:
 
 PyEval_AcquireLock();
 PyThreadState_Swap(threadState);
 
 and sometimes PyThreadState_Swap crashes in debug build
 (PyGILState_GetThisThreadState() returns garbage). In release build
 that code doesn't run and so far no other problem was found.
 I call PyEval_InitThreads() at the begining of program and every
 PyEval_AcquireLock() has PyEval_ReleaseLock().
 
 Am I allowed to use the same threadState in different threads?
 If I am, is there another problem in my code?
 Or maybe it's a bug in python - acording to documentation Python
 still supports the creation of additional interpreters (using
 Py_NewInterpreter()), but mixing multiple interpreters and the
 PyGILState_*() API is unsupported. - I don't use PyGILState_ but it's
 used internally in PyThreadState_Swap(). I also don't use
 PyEval_RestoreThread() - comment sugests that crashing code is present
 because possibility of calling from PyEval_RestoreThread().

Hi Wiktor,
I'm sorry I don't have a solution or even a suggestion for you. I just wanted 
to point out that PyEval_AcquireLock() and PyEval_ReleaseLock() were recently 
deprecated:
http://bugs.python.org/issue10913

Obviously they'll be around for quite a while longer but given the 
ominous-but-vague warning in issue10913's description, you might want to stay 
away from them. It's frustrating for me because I've got code I can't get to 
work without them.

Good luck
Philip



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Re: Multiprocessing, shared memory vs. pickled copies

2011-04-04 Thread Philip Semanchuk


On Apr 4, 2011, at 9:03 PM, Dan Stromberg wrote:

 On Mon, Apr 4, 2011 at 4:34 PM, Philip Semanchuk phi...@semanchuk.comwrote:
 
 So if you're going to use multiprocessing, you're going to use pickle, and
 you need pickleable objects.
 
 
 http://docs.python.org/library/multiprocessing.html#sharing-state-between-processes


Thank you, Dan. My reading comprehension skills need work.

Cheers
Philip

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Re: Guido rethinking removal of cmp from sort method

2011-04-04 Thread harrismh777


Steven D'Aprano wrote:

I prefer to consider Python 2.7 and Python 3.x as different dialects of
the same language. There are a very few handful of incompatibilities,
most of which can be automatically resolved by the 2to3 fixers.


Yes, I am actually finding this to be consistent with my experience of 
trying to come up to speed with 3.2.  I have been relieved to find that 
less has changed than the fear-mongering and bickering was leading me to 
believe.


Another item that would be nice as an IDLE enhancement would be a menu 
option that applies the fixers (either direction depending on version 
2.7 -- 3.2) right in the IDE. Entries that could not be fixed could be 
flagged for manual update.


If there are good tools for app developers to use to make the transition 
smoother then the development community won't get their ear chewed off 
so ragged, I'm supposing.




kind regards,
m harris

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Testing for performance regressions

I'm writing some tests to check for performance regressions (i.e. you 
change a function, and it becomes much slower) and I was hoping for some 
guidelines or hints.

This is what I have come up with so far:


* The disclaimers about timing code snippets that can be found in the 
timeit module apply. If possible, use timeit rather than roll-you-own 
timers.

* Put performance tests in a separate test suite, because they're 
logically independent of regression tests and functional tests, and 
therefore you might not want to run them all the time.

* Never compare the speed of a function to some fixed amount of time, 
since that will depend on the hardware you are running on, but compare it 
relative to some other function's running time. E.g.:

# Don't do this:
time_taken = Timer(my_func).timeit()  # or similar
assert time_taken = 10
# This is bad, since the test is hardware dependent, and a change 
# in environment may cause this to fail even if the function 
# hasn't changed.

# Instead do this:
time_taken = Timer(my_func).timeit()
baseline = Timer(simple_func).timeit()
assert time_taken = 2*baseline
# my_func shouldn't be more than twice as expensive as simple_func
# no matter how fast or slow they are in absolute terms.


Any other lessons or hints I should know?

If it helps, my code will be targeting Python 3.1, and I'm using a 
combination of doctest and unittest for the tests.


Thanks in advance,



-- 
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Re: TypeError: iterable argument required

2011-04-04 Thread eryksun ()

On Monday, April 4, 2011 9:40:33 AM UTC-4, Νικόλαος Κούρας wrote:

In one of your messages you wrote the following:

 cursor.execute( '''INSERT INTO users(mail, comment) VALUES(%s,
 %s)''', (mail, comment) )
 except MySQLdb.Error:
 print ( Error %d: %s % (e.args[0], e.args[1]) )

Is this a typo in your message or the actual code? If 'e' is unassigned you 
should be getting a NameError. The standard Python2 syntax (before version 2.6) 
is the following:

except MySQLdb.Error, e:
print(Error %d: %s % (e.args[0], e.args[1]))

You also wrote:

 mail = None, comment = None

This should cause a SyntaxError because it's trying to assign None = None. 
That's assuming it's on line 167, after the cursor.execute(...) on line 166.

 Whats was the problem as i have written it?
 Your solution is the same as mine except the fact that you assign
 values and statements into variables.

I was just rewriting it to make sure I was parsing it right.

 I tried it but iam getting an Internal Server Error.

Yes, I made a mistake. It should have been `cursor.execute(SQL_COMMENT_FORM, 
(mail, comment))`, using a comma instead of a '%' to have it generate SQL 
string literals from the tuple.

 Also i noticed that if i append a query string in the end of a url
 with the varibble mail attached like
 
 http://superhost.gr/hosting.html?mail=test
 
 then page hosting.html does load without any problem.
 
 If i remove the query string from the ned of the URL then i'am getting
 the error message i posted.
 
 So its not that the if condition is wrong but something happens with
 the form variable 'mail' .

Insert a test to print out the type and value of 'mail' for various inputs. 

Regarding the message itself, on Python 2.7.1, I get the following TypeError 
message if I try iterate None:

TypeError: argument of type 'NoneType' is not iterable

Python 2.5.2 on http://shell.appspot.com; yields the same error. Version 2.5 
improved the error messages to include the type of the object (see issue 
1507676). The message iterable argument required looks like an older version 
of CPython.
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Re: Testing for performance regressions

2011-04-04 Thread Dan Stromberg

On Mon, Apr 4, 2011 at 7:45 PM, Steven D'Aprano
steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote:

I'm writing some tests to check for performance regressions (i.e. you
change a function, and it becomes much slower) and I was hoping for some
guidelines or hints.

This is what I have come up with so far:

* The disclaimers about timing code snippets that can be found in the
timeit module apply. If possible, use timeit rather than roll-you-own
timers.

* Put performance tests in a separate test suite, because they're
logically independent of regression tests and functional tests, and
therefore you might not want to run them all the time.

* Never compare the speed of a function to some fixed amount of time,
since that will depend on the hardware you are running on, but compare it
relative to some other function's running time. E.g.:

# Don't do this:
time_taken = Timer(my_func).timeit() # or similar
assert time_taken = 10
# This is bad, since the test is hardware dependent, and a change
# in environment may cause this to fail even if the function
# hasn't changed.

# Instead do this:
time_taken = Timer(my_func).timeit()
baseline = Timer(simple_func).timeit()
assert time_taken = 2*baseline
# my_func shouldn't be more than twice as expensive as simple_func
# no matter how fast or slow they are in absolute terms.

Any other lessons or hints I should know?

If it helps, my code will be targeting Python 3.1, and I'm using a
combination of doctest and unittest for the tests.
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Interesting topic.

I suppose you could compare to a pystone result times some constant.
http://code.activestate.com/recipes/440700-performance-testing-with-a-pystone-measurement-dec/

FWIW, doctest is a cool idea, but it kind of limits your options, as it
enshrines little details that'll cause your tests to fail if you move to
Pypy or Jython or IronPython or whatever.

I tend to lump my performance-related tests in with my other tests, but
perhaps this is a personal preference thing. So of course, I try to keep my
performance tests brief - sometimes with the non-default option of doing a
more thorough test. Because the time to know that things have suddenly
slowed way down is during development, not right before a new release.
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Re: Testing for performance regressions

2011-04-04 Thread geremy condra

On Mon, Apr 4, 2011 at 7:45 PM, Steven D'Aprano
steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote:
 I'm writing some tests to check for performance regressions (i.e. you
 change a function, and it becomes much slower) and I was hoping for some
 guidelines or hints.

 This is what I have come up with so far:


 * The disclaimers about timing code snippets that can be found in the
 timeit module apply. If possible, use timeit rather than roll-you-own
 timers.

Huh. In looking into timing attacks actually one of the biggest
lessons I learned was *not* to use timeit- that the overhead and
variance involved in using it will wind up consuming small changes in
behavior in ways that are fairly opaque until you really take it
apart.

 * Put performance tests in a separate test suite, because they're
 logically independent of regression tests and functional tests, and
 therefore you might not want to run them all the time.

 * Never compare the speed of a function to some fixed amount of time,
 since that will depend on the hardware you are running on, but compare it
 relative to some other function's running time. E.g.:

 # Don't do this:
 time_taken = Timer(my_func).timeit()  # or similar
 assert time_taken = 10
    # This is bad, since the test is hardware dependent, and a change
    # in environment may cause this to fail even if the function
    # hasn't changed.

 # Instead do this:
 time_taken = Timer(my_func).timeit()
 baseline = Timer(simple_func).timeit()
 assert time_taken = 2*baseline
    # my_func shouldn't be more than twice as expensive as simple_func
    # no matter how fast or slow they are in absolute terms.


 Any other lessons or hints I should know?

If you can get on it, emulab is great for doing network performance
and correctness testing, and even if you can't it might be worth
running a small one at your company. I wish I'd found out about it
years ago.

Geremy Condra
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Re: Testing for performance regressions

2011-04-04 Thread Paddy

In an extended case when you try and capture how a function works over a range 
of inputs, you might want to not assume some relationship between input size 
and time, as this mnight limit your ability to change algorithms and still have 
acceptable performance. 

I.e. instead of this:

input_range = (MIN, AVERAGE, MAX)
for i in inpute_range:
..baseline = Timer(simple_func(i)).timeit()
..time_taken = Timer(my_func(i)).timeit()
..assert time_taken = simple_relation(i) * baseline

It might be better to do this:

input_range = (MIN_R, AVERAGE_R, MAX_R)
time_ranges = (MIN_T, AVERAGE_T, MAX_T)
for i,t in zip(inpute_range, time_ranges):
..baseline = Timer(simple_func(i)).timeit()
..time_taken = Timer(my_func(i)).timeit()
..assert time_taken = t * baseline

This comes from electronic circuit design where designs must be proven to work 
over a range for different values for example voltage ranges and temperature 
ranges. 

The action of the function being timed might not be simple, for example if 
my_func swapped algorithms depending on its input to favour the average case. 

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Re: Guido rethinking removal of cmp from sort method

2011-04-04 Thread Paddy

On Tuesday, April 5, 2011 2:16:07 AM UTC+1, harrismh777 wrote:
 Steven D'Aprano wrote:
  I prefer to consider Python 2.7 and Python 3.x as different dialects of
  the same language. There are a very few handful of incompatibilities,
  most of which can be automatically resolved by the 2to3 fixers.
 
 Yes, I am actually finding this to be consistent with my experience of 
 trying to come up to speed with 3.2.  I have been relieved to find that 
 less has changed than the fear-mongering and bickering was leading me to 
 believe.
 
 Another item that would be nice as an IDLE enhancement would be a menu 
 option that applies the fixers (either direction depending on version 
 2.7 -- 3.2) right in the IDE. Entries that could not be fixed could be 
 flagged for manual update.
 
 If there are good tools for app developers to use to make the transition 
 smoother then the development community won't get their ear chewed off 
 so ragged, I'm supposing.

Hats off and three cheers to the developers and python community as a whole, as 
some are down to sugesting easier access to 2-3 rather than OMG! How do I 
port!!

Now that is an excellent sign that Python works.

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Re: Guido rethinking removal of cmp from sort method


On 4/4/2011 9:16 PM, harrismh777 wrote:


Another item that would be nice as an IDLE enhancement would be a menu
option that applies the fixers (either direction depending on version
2.7 -- 3.2) right in the IDE. Entries that could not be fixed could be
flagged for manual update.


I have had the same idea, so naturally I agree ;-).
I might even work on it eventually.

--
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Re: Testing for performance regressions

On Mon, 04 Apr 2011 20:59:52 -0700, geremy condra wrote:

 On Mon, Apr 4, 2011 at 7:45 PM, Steven D'Aprano
 steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info wrote:

 * The disclaimers about timing code snippets that can be found in the
 timeit module apply. If possible, use timeit rather than roll-you-own
 timers.
 
 Huh. In looking into timing attacks actually one of the biggest lessons
 I learned was *not* to use timeit- that the overhead and variance
 involved in using it will wind up consuming small changes in behavior in
 ways that are fairly opaque until you really take it apart.

Do you have more details?

I follow the advice in the timeit module, and only ever look at the 
minimum value, and never try to calculate a mean or variance. Given the 
number of outside influences (What do you mean starting up a browser 
with 200 tabs at the same time will affect the timing?), I wouldn't 
trust a mean or variance to be meaningful.



-- 
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Re: Fun python 3.2 one-liner

2011-04-04 Thread Giacomo Boffi

Chris Angelico ros...@gmail.com writes:

 def f(x,n,w): return x if n==1 else\
    (lambda x0=f(x[::2],n/2,w[::2]),\
            x1=f(x[1::2],n/2,w[::2]): reduce(lambda a,b: a+b ,\
                                      zip(*[(x0[k]+w[k]*x1[k],\
                                             x0[k]-w[k]*x1[k])\
                                             for k in range(n/2)])))()

 What sort of parameters does this take? So far all I can figure out
 is that n is an integer and x and w are sliceables, but I'm not sure
 whether x and w should be strings or arrays.

def direct_fft(x,n):
  return f(x,n,[exp(-2*pi*1j*k/n) for k in range(n/2)]) 
def inverse_fft(x,n):
  return [x/n for x in f(x,n,[exp(+2*pi*1j*k/n) for k in range(n/2)])] 
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[issue10433] Document unique behavior of 'getgroups' on OSX

2011-04-04 Thread Ned Deily


Ned Deily n...@acm.org added the comment:

Here's a revised doc patch. As noted from my investigation in Issue7900, the 
key getgroups behavior change is with the OS X 10.6 ABI (so  10.5), not 10.5.

--
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Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file21528/issue10433-v2.patch

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[issue11571] Turtle window pops under the terminal on OSX

2011-04-04 Thread Ned Deily


Ned Deily n...@acm.org added the comment:

Looks good to me.  I tested on OS X with both Tk 8.5 on 10.6 and Tk 8.4 on 
10.5.  The demo runs fine under IDLE.app and bin/idle3.  If no objections, I'll 
commit the patch with the nit addressed.

--
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stage:  - commit review
versions: +Python 2.7, Python 3.2
Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file21529/issue11571.patch

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[issue11759] assert for exception parameters

2011-04-04 Thread anatoly techtonik


New submission from anatoly techtonik techto...@gmail.com:

I've just realized that unittest doesn't provide a way to test arguments of 
exception thrown during assertRaises check.

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messages: 132919
nosy: techtonik
priority: normal
severity: normal
status: open
title: assert for exception parameters

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[issue11757] test_subprocess failure

2011-04-04 Thread Charles-Francois Natali


Charles-Francois Natali neolo...@free.fr added the comment:

_remaining_time doesn't check that endtime  current time and can return a 
negative number, which would trigger an EINVAL when passed to select 
(select_select doesn't seem to check for negative double).
Note that a check is performed through _check_timeout but after having called 
select, so there are at least two possible ways to get this error:
The process blocks a little before calling select for the first time. This can 
at least happen here:
if self.stdin and not self._communication_started:
# Flush stdio buffer.  This might block, if the user has
# been writing to .stdin in an uncontrolled fashion.
self.stdin.flush()
if not input:
self.stdin.close()

There's also a short race window if the endtime deadline expires between the 
call to _check_timeout and remaining_time.

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[issue11757] test_subprocess failure


Changes by STINNER Victor victor.stin...@haypocalc.com:


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[issue11753] test_sendall_interrupted() of test_socket hangs on FreeBSD

2011-04-04 Thread Roundup Robot


Roundup Robot devnull@devnull added the comment:

New changeset ebc03d7e7110 by Victor Stinner in branch 'default':
Issue #11753: faulthandler thread uses pthread_sigmask()
http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/ebc03d7e7110

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[issue11753] test_sendall_interrupted() of test_socket hangs on FreeBSD


STINNER Victor victor.stin...@haypocalc.com added the comment:

test_socket and test_signal succeed on x86 FreeBSD custom:
http://www.python.org/dev/buildbot/all/builders/x86%20FreeBSD%20custom/builds/4
(there are other issues, but there are not related)

I pushed the fix in Python 3.3 (ebc03d7e7110).

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[issue11759] assert for exception parameters

2011-04-04 Thread Daniel Urban


Daniel Urban urban.dani...@gmail.com added the comment:

What about this:

 class MyTestCase(TestCase):
... def test_foo(self):
... with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as cm:
... compile('asdf jkl', 'file.py', 'eval')
... self.assertEqual('file.py', cm.exception.filename)

This isn't good enough?

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[issue11759] assert for exception parameters

2011-04-04 Thread Michael Foord


Changes by Michael Foord mich...@voidspace.org.uk:


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stage:  - committed/rejected

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[issue11759] assert for exception parameters

2011-04-04 Thread anatoly techtonik


anatoly techtonik techto...@gmail.com added the comment:

Looks like a hack (and not the obvious one). I guess no asserts return values 
like this, so that usage is not really intuitive for me.

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[issue11759] assert for exception parameters

2011-04-04 Thread anatoly techtonik


anatoly techtonik techto...@gmail.com added the comment:

I found that successful assert in twisted returns exception object. But thanks 
for workaround anyway.

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[issue1294232] Error in metaclass search order

2011-04-04 Thread Daniel Urban


Daniel Urban urban.dani...@gmail.com added the comment:

The attached patch seems to correct this issue.  It contains the test attached 
yesterday, and it passes now.

I factored out the winner calculation from type_new to a new 
_PyType_CalculateWinner function, and type_new calls this.  I've put the 
declaration of this function into object.h, so __build_class__ can also call 
it, instead of using the metaclass of the first base.  (Am I correct in 
thinking that the underscore prefix keeps it out of the public API?)

A slight problem may be, that in some cases this function will be called twice. 
 But it is quite simple, so I don't think it matters much:

Without patch:
$ ./python -m timeit -- class A(type): pass
class B: pass
class C(metaclass=A): pass
class D(B, C): pass

1 loops, best of 3: 371 usec per loop

With patch:
$ ./python -m timeit -- class A(type): pass
class B: pass
class C(metaclass=A): pass
class D(B, C): pass

1 loops, best of 3: 381 usec per loop

(Note, that I generated the patch with hg extdiff, because the output of hg 
qdiff was much more unreadable than simple diff.  I can provide an equivalent 
patch generated by hg if needed.)

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[issue11760] Bus error in test_big_buffer() of test_zlib on AMD64 Snow Leopard 3.x buildbot


New submission from STINNER Victor victor.stin...@haypocalc.com:

Trace:

...
[ 79/354] test_time
[ 80/354] test_zlib
Fatal Python error: Bus error

Traceback (most recent call first):
  File 
/Users/pythonbuildbot/buildarea/3.x.hansen-osx-x86/build/Lib/test/test_zlib.py,
 line 85 in test_big_buffer
  File 
/Users/pythonbuildbot/buildarea/3.x.hansen-osx-x86/build/Lib/unittest/case.py,
 line 387 in _executeTestPart
  File 
/Users/pythonbuildbot/buildarea/3.x.hansen-osx-x86/build/Lib/unittest/case.py,
 line 442 in run
  File 
/Users/pythonbuildbot/buildarea/3.x.hansen-osx-x86/build/Lib/unittest/case.py,
 line 494 in __call__
  File 
/Users/pythonbuildbot/buildarea/3.x.hansen-osx-x86/build/Lib/unittest/suite.py,
 line 105 in run
  File 
/Users/pythonbuildbot/buildarea/3.x.hansen-osx-x86/build/Lib/unittest/suite.py,
 line 67 in __call__
  File 
/Users/pythonbuildbot/buildarea/3.x.hansen-osx-x86/build/Lib/unittest/suite.py,
 line 105 in run
  File 
/Users/pythonbuildbot/buildarea/3.x.hansen-osx-x86/build/Lib/unittest/suite.py,
 line 67 in __call__
  File 
/Users/pythonbuildbot/buildarea/3.x.hansen-osx-x86/build/Lib/test/support.py, 
line 1078 in run
  File 
/Users/pythonbuildbot/buildarea/3.x.hansen-osx-x86/build/Lib/test/support.py, 
line 1166 in _run_suite
  File 
/Users/pythonbuildbot/buildarea/3.x.hansen-osx-x86/build/Lib/test/support.py, 
line 1192 in run_unittest
  File 
/Users/pythonbuildbot/buildarea/3.x.hansen-osx-x86/build/Lib/test/test_zlib.py,
 line 611 in test_main
  File ./Lib/test/regrtest.py, line 1032 in runtest_inner
  File ./Lib/test/regrtest.py, line 826 in runtest
  File ./Lib/test/regrtest.py, line 650 in main
  File ./Lib/test/regrtest.py, line 1607 in module
make: *** [buildbottest] Bus error
program finished with exit code 2
elapsedTime=1400.363321

http://www.python.org/dev/buildbot/all/builders/AMD64%20Snow%20Leopard%203.x/builds/44/steps/test/logs/stdio

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nosy: haypo, pitrou
priority: normal
severity: normal
status: open
title: Bus error in test_big_buffer() of test_zlib on AMD64 Snow Leopard 3.x 
buildbot
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[issue6895] locale._parse_localename fails when localename does not contain encoding information

2011-04-04 Thread Steffen Daode Nurpmeso


Steffen Daode Nurpmeso sdao...@googlemail.com added the comment:

Stefan, theoretically this is

A valid locale description (as understood by S-SYS) is:

language[_TERRITORY[.CODESET[@Modifier]]]

where language is indeed a ISO 639 language code (see
doc/iso639.txt) and _TERRITORY is indeed a ISO 3166 country code
(see doc/iso3166.txt).
..
The ISO3166 Maintenance Agency can be found at:
#   http://www.iso.ch/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html
..
http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/

A good UNIX has copies of the files in /usr/share/misc/{iso639,iso3166}.
I may be out-of-date a bit, though.
(And: this is not about Python, of course.)

--
nosy: +sdaoden

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[issue6895] locale._parse_localename fails when localename does not contain encoding information