Re: c interfacing in 2.5
Diez B. Roggisch wrote: ctypes is for C. Where it is great to use. if you need simple wrappers then swig and ctypes are both good since they can generate it for you pyrex is also good for wrapping and for writing c extension code If you need C++-wrapping, I recommend SIP. i recommend py++ for wrapping c++ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Bragging about Python
Steve Howell wrote: --- Georg Brandl [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: 15 small programs here: http://wiki.python.org/moin/SimplePrograms IMHO a few python goodies are missing there. It's a Wiki. ;) Yes indeed. Please feel free to add to the page, or make your own fork. See link above. the title of a program shouldn't be part of the code (or it should at least start with #) sorry i'm too lazy now to fix it, but imho it needs nicer layout to be used as 'bragging about python' site btw nice idea a good example worth a 100 pages of documentation -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: compiling python and calling it from C/C++
Russ wrote: Is it possible to compile python code into a library (on unix), then link to it and call it from C/C++? If so, where can I learn how. Thanks. not really but you may want to look into these: http://codespeak.net/pypy http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/greg.ewing/python/Pyrex/ http://sourceforge.net/projects/shedskin/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: url to image
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: just wondering are there any snippets out there where you can convert a url to an image using python you mean render a webpage as an image? does not sound a simple task maybe you can use oss web rendering engines like gecco, khtml or webcore -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Bragging about Python
Cameron Laird wrote: In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], Mathias Panzenboeck [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: def fib(): generation, parent_rabbits, baby_rabbits = 1, 1, 1 while True: yield generation, baby_rabbits generation += 1 parent_rabbits, baby_rabbits = \ baby_rabbits, parent_rabbits + baby_rabbits for pair in fib(): if pair[0] 100: break print Generation %d has %d (baby) rabbits. % pair as more appealing to non-Pythoneers. I'm still suspicious about how they're going to react to itertools.islice(). Now, though, I've begun to question my own sense of style ... actually i don't like when a tutorial uses over complicated cute names if the context is obvious (fibonacci) then we don't need to add 'parent_rabbits' and such identifiers eg i find more readable and clear the following: def fib(): a, b = 0, 1 while True: yield a a, b = b, a + b for (n, fn) in enumerate(fib()): if n 100: break print F[%d] = %d % (n, fn) ymmv -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Graph plotting module
Viewer T. wrote: Is there a python module anywhere out there that can plot straight line graphs, curves (quadratic, etc). If anyone knows where I can download one, please let me know. http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: writing to a file
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
as i understand there are two ways to write data to a file: using
f.write(foo) and print f, foo.
well print will add a '\n' or ' ' if you use ',' after it
what i want to know is which one is faster (if there is any difference
there shouldn't be any noticable difference
in speed) since i'm working with very large files. of course, if there
is any other way to write data to a file, i'd love to hear about it
other ways:
os.system('cat file1 file2')
or subprocess.Popen
or print but sys.stdout = f
or ctypes + printf/fputs/..
and probably there are other obscure ways, but the intended way is
obviously f.write
nsz
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Re: Is PEP-8 a Code or More of a Guideline?
John DeRosa wrote: +1 QOTW Hey, did you hear about the object-oriented version of COBOL? They call it ADD ONE TO COBOL. actually it is ADD 1 TO COBOL GIVING COBOL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL#Aphorisms_and_humor_about_COBOL -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is PEP-8 a Code or More of a Guideline?
Joe Riopel wrote: Using camel case instead of the under_score means less typing. I am lazy. fooBar foo_bar camel case makes source code extremely ugly in weird disturbing way YMMV -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: need advice on building core code for python and PHP
Is there a way I could code the base (core) code in Python and have PHP call it? I've really liked using SQLAlchemy and there are other * quick and dirty solution: in a shell: $ python yourscript.py pipe_in pipe_out in the php script: fwrite(pipe_in, input_data); results = fread(pipe_out, sizeof_results); * simple and nice solution: do not ever use php -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python/C++ wrapper
- A c++ program receives a 2D-matrix from python as input and gives a 2D-matrix as output back to python. pyogre uses swig ogre is a 3d realtime rendering engine written in c++ so there are many matrix manipulation there and also pyogre does not modify the original code cgkit is a computer graphics toolkit written in c++ for python and it uses boost-python and it uses matrices as well if you want matrix manipulations in python then you may want to look into numpy c api -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python/C++ wrapper
Well, pyogre has few problems with maintenance, and new bindings to Ogre engine was created using Boost.Python( http://www.ogre3d.org/wiki/index.php/PyOgre ) oh last time i played with pyogre they made a transition from boost to swig :) so they are back again at boost (the problem with boost was the slow recompilation time with all the gccxml parsing and a few other problems which maybe got resolved) -- Roman Yakovenko C++ Python language binding http://www.language-binding.net/ thanks for the info this py++ looks promising -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Request for a change in the csv module.
It would be much better to be able to specify an additional variabel to the Dialect class and change csv. no it wouldn't this is a locale specific problem so it should be handled there -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: What is the best queue implemetation in Python?
For that purpose I have used the good deque that you can find in collections in the standard library. It's very good for queues, and it's a bit faster than regular lists for stacks too. you mean *much* faster (since a list is a reference array so pop(0) is O(n) operation) never use a list as queue if len(queue) 1 === benchmark $ time ./deque_queue.py 34359607296 real0m0.286s user0m0.264s sys 0m0.016s $ time ./list_queue.py 34359607296 real1m20.915s user1m18.649s sys 0m0.396s === the sources --- deque_queue.py: #!/usr/bin/python2.5 from collections import deque def f(n): sum = 0 queue = deque() for i in range(n): queue.append(i) while queue: sum += queue.popleft() print sum if __name__=='__main__': f(118) --- list_queue.py: #!/usr/bin/python2.5 def f(n): sum = 0 queue = list() for i in range(n): queue.append(i) while queue: sum += queue.pop(0) print sum if __name__=='__main__': f(118) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Regex Speed
Well, just as an idea, there is a portable C library for this at http://laurikari.net/tre/ released under LGPL. If one is willing to give up PCRE extensions for speed, it might be worth the work to wrap this library using SWIG. actually there is a python binding in the tre source with an example python script so it is already done. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: f---ing typechecking
Sergey Dorofeev wrote: Python 2.5 (r25:51908, Sep 19 2006, 09:52:17) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. (1,)+[1] Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in module TypeError: can only concatenate tuple (not list) to tuple [1]+(1,) Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in module TypeError: can only concatenate list (not tuple) to list Its ugly and boring. what? for me it works fine: (1,)+tuple([1]) (1, 1) [1]+list((1,)) [1, 1] also L=[1] L.extend((1,)) L [1, 1] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Recursive calls and stack
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, I have a program which literately finds the object that overlapping a point. The horizontal and vertical search are called recursively from inside each other. ... in case you ever need deeply nested recursion: one solution is to use the already mentioned sys.setrecursionlimit(n) another is to use your own stack dummy example: def fact_recursive(n): if n0: return fact_recursive(n-1)*n else: return 1 def fact_iterative(n): stack = [] while n 0: stack.append(n) n -= 1 ret = 1 while stack: ret *= stack.pop() return ret actually you can always rewrite recursion with a stack and iterations note that if you use version = 2.4, then collections.deque is faster for stack (and especially for queue) data structure than list. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: favourite editor
azrael wrote: Since i'm new on this forum, and first time meeting a python comunity, i wanted to ask you for your python editors. Im looking for some good python editor, with integrated run function, without having to set it up manualy like komodo. I found the pyscripter, and it has all i need, but it's unsatble. bloated. it crashes when i close an yplication window run by python from pyscripter. please. tell me a good one with buil in run (-very important) and nice gui. if possible to suport projects, code highlighting, code completition, class browser, python comand line (), traceback. I didn't take a look on vista (and i dont want to), but i hope they improved the notepad. *sigh* this question arises at least three times a week on this group you can use the googlegroups search function: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/search?group=comp.lang.pythonq=python+editor+ideqt_g=Search+this+group also use the python wiki: http://wiki.python.org/moin/IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironments http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEditors -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python linux distro
^was(is)^may one day be, but probably not,^ From the quoted page: The project is in an early development phase and as of January 2007, no significant progress was being made due to lack of developer time.[5] well actually i managed to boot unununium in qemu so it _is_ an os but obviously there isn't much code and the devs gave up so that's why it _was_ an os project anyway it was not an os about python, but a desktop os with a highly different approach from current os-es they just happen to use a lot of python there were a lot of interesting ideas so the mail archives might be useful for anyone who is interested in os development http://unununium.org/pipermail/uuu-devel/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Best Free and Open Source Python IDE
Srikanth wrote: Yes, All I need is a good IDE, I can't find something like Eclipse (JDT). Eclipse has a Python IDE plug-in but it's not that great. Please recommend. Thanks, Srikanth try pida http://pida.co.uk/index.php/Main_Page -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python linux distro
Now what would be interesting (and *really* crazy) would be Linux (or BSD or whatever) distro written almost entirely *in* Python, with the goal of eliminating as much bash/sh as possible. That would be fun. actually there was(is) an os whitch is written almost entirely *in* Python: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unununium_(operating_system) (their main site http://unununium.org seems to be down) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: mplayer bug or python bug?
Marco wrote: The following code is my test program for control mplayer. in movies/ there are about 20 movies, the code plays them in circle, but mplayer will crash silently after a circle, the sliently means I can handle popen2 without except, but no movie. i had some problem with mplayer slave mode too. everything worked ok, but after some movies i got broken pipe caught signal xy error message on stderr and mplayer quit. mplayer always crashed on the same files and always at the very end (which you normally don't notice since you only want to view 1 file so probably it has nothing to do with slave mode, but buggy mplayer + buggy files) my solution was: check for error and restart mplayer if it crashed (i parsed every output so i knew where are we in the playlist) btw if you just want to use the script to play files in loop, then mplayer has a -loop option as well. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: C parsing fun
based on concepts my boss had. To do this I needed to represent C++ code structure in Python somehow. I read the docs for Yapps, pyparsing and other stuff like those, then I came up with a very simple idea. I realized that bracketed code is almost like a Python list, except I have to replace curly brackets with squared ones and surround the remaining stuff with quotes. This process invokes no recursion or node yes that's a nice solution sometimes it's not enough though (won't work on code obfuscated with macros) anyway if you need something more sophisticated then i'd recommend gccxml or it's python binding: http://www.language-binding.net/pygccxml/pygccxml.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python does not play well with others
Paul Rubin wrote: George Sakkis [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: What does batteries included mean to you? To me, it means you don't have to install add-ons. So let's make a 500MB executable and add Numpy, Zope, Django, PIL, pretty much everything actually. Even better, make CheeseShop just a frontend to a build system that adds and updates automatically submitted packages to the core. Problem solved ! wink. Numpy should certainly be included and I think there are efforts in that direction. There is also a movement to choose a web framework to include and Django might be a good choice. I think the Zope maintainers want to keep Zope separate and I think PIL has an incompatible license... do not do that (1) i love when i can create a minimalistic system think about it this way: what if you want to run python on an embeded/ low resource system? if you want python to do webhosting the solution is _not_ to include every related package look at eg. debian: you can use it for lowresource system, desktop, scientific computation and for webserver as well because of it's package management system -- you can build a min. system and a huge system as well. (2) seriously, python is a programming language and not a flee market (so don't compare it to java or php) unfortunately lots of ppl working on web related stuff think web is the only reason a programming language should exist, which is pretty stupid i don't want a webmodule in a stdlib at all. implementing the standards and recommendations should be enough. web in general is a huge and ugly bloat, keep it away from a language core. (3) having a maintained set of modules for every possible problem is nice, but shouldn't be a part of the core lib. eg. numpy, mysql, ssl, pil, ... are not needed in the stdlib since most of the programming tasks don't need those they should be maintained separately, with an easy way to find and install them. that's what cheese shop and distutils are for. for me batteries included means i get a clean and consistent stdlib and if i need special functionality i can add modules and extensions easily nsz -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python **kwargs ?
johnny wrote:
What is **kwargs mean in python? When you put double **, does it mean
passing by reference?
here's a little example:
def f(a, *args, **kw):
... print 'a:',a
... print 'args:',args
... print 'kw:',kw
...
f(1,2,3,x=4)
a: 1
args: (2, 3)
kw: {'x': 4}
f(a=1,b=2,c=3)
a: 1
args: ()
kw: {'c': 3, 'b': 2}
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Re: Is any python like linux shell?
Brian Visel wrote: ipython is probably what you're looking for. or http://sourceforge.net/projects/pyshell -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How can I know both the Key c and Ctrl on the keyboard are pressed?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi; How can I know the Key c and Ctrl on the keyboard are pressed? Or how to let the program press the key Ctrl+c automatically? I just want to use python to develop a script program. gear depends on where you got your input from and what do you exactly want eg: in a gui app you get input events from the gui toolkit (wx, gtk, sdl/ pygame...) in a console app if you use curses lib then you can use getch() oslt if you want a general solution to get input key events in a simple script then you cannot do that. however Ctrl+C is a special key combination: running python in a unix terminal it raises KeyboardInterrupt exception, imho in a windows cmd promt it raises SystemExit so you can emulate those by using: raise KeyboardInterrupt or raise SystemExit hope this helps -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: data design
The lazy way to do this: have modules that initialize bunches of objects, attributes holding the data: the object is somehow the row of the table, attribute names being the column. This is the way I proceeded up to now. Data input this way are almost configuration data, with 2 big drawbacks: - Only a python programmer can fix the file: this cant be called a configuration file. - Even for the author, these data aint easy to maintain. I feel pretty much ready to change this: - make these data true text data, easier to read and fix. - write the module that will make python objects out of these data: the extra cost should yield ease of use. 2 questions arise: - which kind of text data? - csv: ok for simple attributes, not easy for lists or complex data. - xml: the form wont be easier to read than python code, but an xml editor could be used, and a formal description of what is expected can be used. - how can I make the data-to-object transformation both easy, and able to spot errors in text data? Last, but not least: is there a python lib implementing at least part of this dream? there is a csv parser and multiple xml parsers in python (eg xml.etree) also there is a ConfigParser module (able to parse .ini like config files) i personally like the python module as config file the most eg if you need a bunch of key-value pairs or lists of data: * python's syntax is pretty nice (dict, tuples and lists or just key=value) * xml is absolutely out of question * csv is very limited * .ini like config file for more complex stuff is not bad but then you can use .py as well. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: data design
Hurray for yaml! A perfect fit for my need! And a swell tool! Thanks a lot! i warn you against yaml it looks nice, but the underlying format is imho too complex (just look at their spec.) you said you don't want python source because that's too complex for the users. i must say that yaml is not easier to use than python data structures. if you want userfriedly config files then ConfigParser is the way to go. if you want somthing really simple and fast then i'd recommend s- expressions of lisp also here is an identation based xml-like tree/hierarchical data structure syntax: http://www.scottsweeney.com/projects/slip/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Random passwords generation (Python vs Perl) =)
If you don't mind possibly getting a few nonalphanumeric characters:
import os,binascii
print binascii.b2a_base64(os.urandom(6))
what about
file('/dev/urandom').read(6).encode('base64')
(oneliner and without import sa op requested)
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Re: Random passwords generation (Python vs Perl) =)
If you don't mind possibly getting a few nonalphanumeric characters:
import os,binascii
print binascii.b2a_base64(os.urandom(6))
what about
file('/dev/urandom').read(6).encode('base64')
(oneliner and without import as op requested)
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Re: Random passwords generation (Python vs Perl) =)
Is os.urandom cryptographically strong on all platforms? http://docs.python.org/lib/os-miscfunc.html The returned data should be unpredictable enough for cryptographic applications, though its exact quality depends on the OS implementation. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Random passwords generation (Python vs Perl) =)
If you really want a hack, here it is:
while 1:print
''.join(__import__('random').choice(__import__('string').letters+'1234567890')
for x in xrange(8)),;n=raw_input()
This is a one-liner (though mail transmission may split it up), no
import statements. If someone can come up with an even smaller version,
feel free to post. :)
while
1:i=__import__;print''.join(i('random').choice(i('string').letters
+'1234567890')for x in range(8)),;raw_input()
same but shorter:
i = __import__;
xrange - range (why use xrange? range is faster and simpler for small
ranges)
n =(not needed)
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Re: Random passwords generation (Python vs Perl) =)
while
1:i=__import__;print''.join(i('random').choice(i('string').letters
+'1234567890')for x in range(8)),;raw_input()
while
1:i=__import__;r='random';print''.join(i(r).choice(i('string').letters
+'1234567890')for x in`r`),;raw_input()
even shorter:
range - `'random'`
:)
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Re: [Boost.Graph] graph.vertices property creates new objects
It seems that the vertices iterator creates new vertex objects every time instead of iterating over the existing ones. This essentially i don't know much about bgl, but this is possible since vertices are most likely not stored as python objects inside boost prevents, among other things, storing vertices as keys in a dictionary since the hashes of the stored and the new vertex differ although they compare equal. Is this really what's happening, and if so, why ? that sounds bad, fortunately __hash__ can be overriden so even if id() differs hash() can be the same for the same vertex. if __hash__ is not handled then it's a bug in bgl imho. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python 2.3 module ref
any pointers to a 2.3 module ref? also look at: http://rgruet.free.fr/PQR2.3.html#OtherModules when coding for different python versions i can reccommend this quick ref: http://rgruet.free.fr/ (every language feature is colorcoded according to the version when it was included) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: deepcopy alternative?
I believe the only thing stopping me from doing a deepcopy is the function references, but I'm not sure. If so is there any way to transform a string into a function reference(w/o eval or exec)? what's your python version? for me deepcopy(lambda:1) does not work in py2.4 but it works in py2.5 (in py2.4 i tried to override __deepcopy__ but it had no effect) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Graph Data Structures
i haven't read your code, but there are many graph implementations in python. in case you haven't found these yet: http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonGraphApi if you only want to do some analysis i think you need this one (as it's pretty complete and simple): https://networkx.lanl.gov/ i also recommend Guido's essay to read: http://www.python.org/doc/essays/graphs.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
gopherlib deprecated in 2.5
I've just seen that gopherlib is deprecated in python 2.5 http://docs.python.org/lib/module-gopherlib.html we still use this protocol (though there are only few working gopher servers are left on the net) My friend just wrote a standard compliant gopher server (pygopherd had some problems oslt) and it's much better for hierarchycal content sharing than the http (which is overrated and misused in this respect). So i don't really understand why would one remove it from python. It's a friendly, tiny, simple, standard protocol. what is the opinion of the comp.lang.python crowd? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Guide to using python for bash-style scripting
python subprocess module docs: http://docs.python.org/dev/lib/node517.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Best IDE for Python?
ide unification effort: http://pyxides.stani.be/ (there are some useful links and it's more recent than the python.org wiki) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: editor for Python on Linux
pida is a great ide as well: http://pida.vm.bytemark.co.uk/projects/pida -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to run shell commands within python
use subprocess module from subprocess import call call(['cmd', 'arg1', 'arg2'], stdin='...', stdout='...') eg: call(['ls', '-l']) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: ANN: FreeImagePy 1.2.2
eg.: .dds (compressed texture file format) widely used in 3d games but not accessible in pil -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Encoding
what about params='some data'.decode('utf8').encode('1250') ?
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Re: Location of Python modules
/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages ? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Location of Python modules
LOL a .py program is a module, you can import it: if it is in the sys.path (import modulename). if it sits in a directory that is in the sys.path and the directory also has a __init__.py file (import dirname.modulename / from dirname import modulname). if there is a modulename.pth file in the sys.path containing the path to your .py file. (the current dir is always in the sys.path). if you want to install your module (copy it under the site-packages dir), then you should use distutils module and create a setup.py script the compiled bytecode (.pyc file) is always automatically generated -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
unicodedata.name
the unicodedata manual sais: name( unichr[, default]) Returns the name assigned to the Unicode character unichr as a string. If no name is defined, default is returned, or, if not given, ValueError is raised. what is the difference between no name defined and not given? eg. '\n' why gives a ValueError? unicodedata.name(u'\n') Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in ? ValueError: no such name -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: unicodedata.name
thank you (it's so obvious i don't know how i could misunderstand) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Numarray, numeric, NumPy, scpy_core ??!!
Basically all I need is vectors and 3x3 matrices. hmm is numpy really efficient for 3x3 (or 4x4) matrices and vectors? IMHO an optimized matrix4x4 class can be much faster (i'm just guessing here) eg cgtypes is a simple c++ implementation with boost-python wrapper: http://cgkit.sourceforge.net/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Looking for standalone Python
Is this possible? yes: movable python http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/movpy/introduction.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Arithmetic sequences in Python
i would love to see a nice, clear syntax instead of for i in xrange(start, stop, step): ... because xrange is ugly and iteration over int sequences are important. we don't need a range() alternative ( [0:10] or [0..10] ) (because no one would ever use range() if there were a nice integer-for-loop) there was a proposal (http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0284.html): for start = i stop: ... but in this way you cannot specify the step parameter and it has some problems when used in list comprehension. pep 204 like syntax would be: for i in (start:stop:step): ... it is much nicer than xrange, but probably it has some inconsistency with slicing (eg (:3)=xrange(3), (-3:)=itertools.count(-3), (:-3)=?, (3::-1)=? ) your .. approach: for i in (start, start+step .. stop): ... here start written down twice if it's referred by a name (and if start is a function call it's evaluated twice) imho without a step it looks nice: for i in (start .. stop): ... but a new syntax would be good only if it can entirely replace the old one (which then can be made deprecated). -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A bug for unicode strings in Python 2.4?
Thanks. I'll write my own split(). do you want to split character by character? then use list(u'\u9019\u662f\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u4e32') -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Do you have real-world use cases for map's None fill-in feature?
There are so many varieties of iterator that it's probably not workable to alter the iterator API for all of the them. i always wondered if it can be implemented: there are iterators which has length: i = iter([1,2,3]) len(i) 3 now isn't there a way to make this length inheritible? eg. generators could have length in this case: g = (x for x in [1,2,3]) # len(g) == len([1,2,3]) == 3 of course in special cases length would remain undefined: f = (x for x in [1,2,3] if x2) # len(f) == ? IMHO there are special cases when this is useful: L=list(it) here if it has length, then list creation can be more effective (required memory is known in advance) nsz -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Do you have real-world use cases for map's None fill-in feature?
There are so many varieties of iterator that it's probably not workable to alter the iterator API for all of the them. i always wondered if it can be implemented: there are iterators which has length: i = iter([1,2,3]) len(i) 3 now isn't there a way to make this length inheritible? eg. generators could have length in this case: g = (x for x in [1,2,3]) # len(g) == len([1,2,3]) == 3 of course in special cases length would remain undefined: f = (x for x in [1,2,3] if x2) # len(f) == ? IMHO there are special cases when this is useful: L=list(it) here if it has length, then list creation can be more effective (required memory is known in advance) nsz -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to create a script that list itself ?
But is there a way / a variable that contains the current file in memory ? yes: import __main__ you can do: import inspect import __main__ print inspect.getsource(__main__) or simply: print open(__file__).read() nsz -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Try Python update
Hello Thanks for trypython, it's a cool idea I got TryPythonError after an IdentationError and i could not get rid of it (other than refreshing the page): Python 2.4.2 (#3, Dec 16 2005, 23:54:20) [GCC 2.95.4 20020320 [FreeBSD]] on freebsd4 Type help, copyright, credits, or license for more information. if 1: ... qwerty IndentationError: expected an indented block (stdin, line 2) a=2 TryPythonError: I couldn't find the prompt, so did nothing 1 TryPythonError: I couldn't find the prompt, so did nothing TryPythonError: I couldn't find the prompt, so did nothing -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python for with double test
for i in range(0,10): if f!=1: break ... i=0 while i10 and f==1: ... i+=1 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python coding contest
my two solutions (well I wasn't so clever to encode everything in
strings instead of numbers, but at least it won't give warnings about
non ascii characters):
128:
j,seven_seg=''.join,lambda s:j(j(' |_ |'[i3*int(c)b]for c in s for b
in(4,2,1))+'\n'for i in(306775170,1060861645,524130191))
122:
seven_seg=lambda s,j=''.join:j(j(' _ _|_| |_
|'[i3*int(c)14:][:3]for c in s)+'\n'for i
in(8208,934111592,664455910))
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Re: What is unique about Python?
i don't know if they are unique, but my favourite features are: readable and short code (consistent syntax, few keywords) iterpreter (very useful for learning) dir(obj) / vars(obj) (very useful for learning) identation dynamic typing lightweight oo (no public/protected/private) built-in types (list, dict, str have useful methods) iterator protocol generators (yield syntax) list comprehension / generator expression keyword args slicing tuple assignment (unpacking tuple: a,b =1,2) return with multiple values (tuple makes it easy) widespread (it's easy to find a python module for any kind of task) extendible with low-level languages (pyrex/swig/boostpython) crossplatform free nszabolcs -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python IDE's
it's a very common question here. try to search for an answer http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/search?q=python+idestart=0scoring=d; also see http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEditors and http://wiki.python.org/moin/IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironments -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: What is unique about Python?
identation
Feh. A red herring. At best, syntactic sugar. At worst, something for
potential adopters to get hung up about.
i always ident my code, but in python i don't need to bother with the
{} and the ; (which is redundant if i ident anyway) so i like it
because i need to type less, and i can read other's code (because of
the same layout).
lightweight oo (no public/protected/private)
This one is debatable. This is value in private data (and methods).
Fortunately, Python does let you make things private with the
double-underscore syntax.
i like it because i need to type (and think) less. When i need to make
it clear, which method is private/protected, i can always add a '_' or
'__' prefix by convention.
built-in types (list, dict, str have useful methods)
Python does come with a good assortment of built-in types and containers,
but most languages these days come with pretty much the same assortment.
python has very few built-in types and these are powerful. C++ stl or
java.util has more data structures but those are somewhat less usable.
Other languages with the same bult-in data types (thinking about perl,
php, ruby) always have a little bit differrent behaviour and i always
happen to prefer the python way. (nothing can beat python's list +
slicing or the ease of creating a dict).
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Re: How to get started in GUI Programming?
have you tried gtk.MessageDialog ? http://www.pygtk.org/pygtk2reference/class-gtkmessagedialog.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: JAPH
charset, modulo, japh = .JPacehknorstuy, 17, s = 69859911049503515105680510599913390885187193231927247909305172858127641629 for n in xrange(2,): if s%n==0: japh += charset[(n - 1) % modulo] s /= n if s==1: break print japh -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: which feature of python do you like most?
which feature of python do you like most?
i cannot chose one but here is my list:
iterpreter (i can try out things at once)
dir(obj) (using dir() i can learn a new library quickly)
identation (code is readable, no need for {} and ;)
dynamictyping (no type declaration - less code to write)
lightweight oo (no public/protected/private - less code to write)
widespread (it's easy to find a python module for any kind of task)
built-in types (creating list, dict is easy, iterator protocol wins)
generators (creating an iterator is easy: replace return with yield)
listcomprehension (intuitive and clear way of creating lists)
pyrex/swig/boostpython (easily extendible with c/c++)
crossplatform (i can write code for my win/linux os)
free (yes it's free and it has a reasonable license)
comp.lang.python (good questions and even better answers, friendly
folks:)
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Re: PNG processing with only base python install
use pil for image processing in python (http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/) if pil is not installed then i don't think you can process png files (well at least there is a pure python jpeg decoder: http://davidf.sjsoft.com/files/pyjpeg/) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to translate python into C
python creates bytecode (like java classes) you cannot translate python directly to c or machine code, but there are some projects you probably want to look into Pypy is a python implemetation in python and it can be used to translate a python scrip to c or llvm code. (large project, work in progress) http://codespeak.net/pypy/dist/pypy/doc/news.html Shedskin translates python code to c++ (not all language features supported) http://shed-skin.blogspot.com/ Pyrex is a nice language where you can use python and c like code and it translates into c code. (it is useful for creating fast python extension modules or a python wrapper around an existing c library) http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/~greg/python/Pyrex/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to translate python into C
python script crashed and you want to debug it? if no trace back provided with the line number where the exception raised, then the crash caused by an extension module (most likely written in C), i don't know howto debug it, but at least you can find the place where the crash occures by adding lots of print statements with debug information. i don't think compiling to c would make it easier. there are python debuggers but i've never used one (these can only debug python scripts not the binary extension modules). pdb builtin module: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-pdb.html nice debugger with gui: http://www.digitalpeers.com/pythondebugger/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Where to find python c-sources
if u just want to browse the code online then use this: http://fisheye.cenqua.com/viewrep/python/python/dist/src *much* nicer than sourceforge cvs viewer nsz -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Builtin classes list, set, dict reimplemented via B-trees
IMO sorted dict implementation can be useful, eg. one can get an interval: L = D['A' : 'K'] other useful data types: linkedlist queue, stack (well deque can do it efficiently in py 2.4) prioritydict (for graph algorithms) multimap, multiset (i've never used it but it's in the c++ stl) mutable string (kind of list/array of chars, but with string functions) nsz -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python linear algebra module -- requesting comments on interface
nice interface, but with 3d apps i prefer cgkit's approach, which has vec3, vec4, mat3, mat4 and quat types with lots of useful functions for 3d graphics (like mat4.looakAt(pos, target, up) or mat3.toEulerXYZ()) there are other libs with similar types and functions: cgkit (http://cgkit.sourceforge.net/) pyogre (http://www.ogre3d.org/wiki/index.php/PyOgre) panda3d (http://panda3d.org/) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Possible improvement to slice opperations.
with the current syntax L[i:i+1] returns [L[i]], with nxlist it returns L[i+1] if i0. L=range(10) L[1:2]==[L[1]]==[1] L[-2:-1]==[L[-2]]==[8] L=nxlist(range(10)) L[1:2]==[L[1]]==[1] L[-2:-1]==[L[-1]]==[9] # not [L[-2]] IMHO in this case current list slicing is more consistent. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
time.clock() problem under linux (precision=0.01s)
I have to measure the time of a while loop, but with time.clock i always get 0.0s, although python manual sais: this is the function to use for benchmarking Python or timing algorithms So i tested timer functions capabilities with a short script: import time import os def test_timer_func(func): print 'min time-time: %.10f'%min(abs(func()-func()) for i in xrange(10**5)) print 'max time-time: %.10f'%max(abs(func()-func()) for i in xrange(10**5)) dt = 0.0 loopcount = 0 t = func() while dt==0.0: dt = func() - t loopcount += 1 print min measurable loop time : %.10f%dt print 'loopcount while dt==0 :',loopcount print '\n time.clock()' test_timer_func(time.clock) print '\n time.time()' test_timer_func(time.time) print '\n os.times()' ot = os.times test_timer_func(lambda:ot()[4]) My output is: time.clock() min time-time: 0.00 max time-time: 0.01 min measurable loop time : 0.01 loopcount while dt==0 : 2703 time.time() min time-time: 0.019073 max time-time: 0.460148 min measurable loop time : 0.050068 loopcount while dt==0 : 1 os.times() min time-time: 0.00 max time-time: 0.010007 min measurable loop time : 0.009998 loopcount while dt==0 : 2515 So the precision of time.clock is 0.01s under my ubuntu linux system, which means it's not suitable for benchmarking. (i want to benchmark the fps in my pygame+pyode program and it needs at least 0.001s precision) time.time seems much better solution, but python manual sais: not all systems provide time with a better precision than 1 second Should i use time.clock or time.time to be more crossplatform? Is time.time ok for windows? (time()-time() != 0.0) nszabolcs -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python for Webscripting (like PHP)
I don't think stdlib offers anything like that The problem with python is it's white space sensible and html is not. However there are some nice solutions: http://www.webwareforpython.org/Papers/Templates/ my favourite is not listed here: http://karrigell.sourceforge.net/ For web development with python i'd rather recommend a complete webframework: http://www.djangoproject.com/ http://subway.python-hosting.com/ http://www.zope.org/ nszabolcs -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python interpreter error: unsupported operand type(s) for |:
you cannot use | with two dict (dict has no .__or__ method) what are you trying to do? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Case Sensitive, Multiline Comments
i found case sensitivity very useful 1. variables can be stored in a dict (think about __dict__, globals()) and dict type should be case sensitive 2. It's necessary when i write short scripts and i use one letter names. (eg. when i playing with linear algebra i always use a,b,c for vectors and A,B,C for matrices). I dont want to think about more than one letter names when i run that script only once. And usually this is the case with python (at least when i use it in interpreted mode). 3. i write sometimes: class Foo: ... foo = Foo() and i think it's readable and makes sense. 4. actually i never wanted to use 'foo', 'Foo' and 'FOO' for the same variable and i can't imagine a situation when it's useful. it makes the code less readable so i think the language should force the programmer not to use different names for the same variable. nsz -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PyGTK vs. wxPython
it's not quite true since the latest stable release (2.6.0.0) see the new wx doc (it's generated with epydoc so it's not for C++): http://www.wxpython.org/docs/api/ i used wxPython with XRCed a few times and i liked the way it works (worked under linux and win as well for me) nsz -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PyGTK vs. wxPython
I forgot to mention in my previous post that the best thing in wxPython
is the wxPython demo. It helped me a lot. Browsing through the examples
usually faster than browsing through the api doc.
About XRCed:
I put every static components of the window layout in an xml file with
XRCed
(not static components: buttons moving around, changing labels ...)
Generally my code looks like:
import wx
import wx.xrc
class Frame(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, resource):
w = resource.LoadFrame(parent, 'FrameName')
self.PostCreate(w)
self.SetIcon(wx.Icon('myapp.ico', wx.BITMAP_TYPE_ICO))
...
#lots of init code here
...
#event handlers here
class App(wx.App):
def OnInit(self):
resource = wx.xrc.XmlResource('myapp.xrc')
self.f = Frame(None, resource)
self.f.Show()
return True
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = App()
app.MainLoop()
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Re: Modifying Call Tips and Intellisense Behavior
have a look at eclipse + pyDev http://pydev.sourceforge.net/ probably it works as you wish -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
