Re: Type-Def-ing Python

[Alex Martelli]

<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
   ...
> Brett Cannon's thesis in which he tweaks the compiler and shows that
> type-defing python would not help the compiler achieve a 5% performace
> increase.
> 
> Brett Cannon, "Localized Type Inference of Atomic Types in Python":
> http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~bac/thesis.pdf
> 
> I was wondering if anyone had his contact information so that I could
> might ask him for his source code and try to use type-defing as a
> bug-finder.

Brett is active on Python-Dev, so post there and you're likely to get a
response from him -- your subject is not OT for that list, anyway!


Alex
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Re: Speed of shutil.copy vs os.system("copy src dest") in win32

[Tim Roberts]

"Russell Warren" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

>I just did a comparison of the copying speed of shutil.copy against the
>speed of a direct windows copy using os.system.  I copied a file that
>was 1083 KB.
>
>I'm very interested to see that the shutil.copy copyfileobj
>implementation of hacking through the file and writing a new one is
>significantly faster... any clue as to why this is?  I figure I'm
>missing something here.
>
>Does os.system launch a cmd shell every time?

Yes.  That's in the documentation.
-- 
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  Providenza & Boekelheide, Inc.
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Re: list of functions question

[Tim Roberts]

val bykoski <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>Hi The List:
>   I have a modeling app where i'm detecting events (in temporal 
>dynamics) applying a set of (boolean) functions - kind of:
>
>event_list = "f1 f2 etc".split()  # each fi detects a specific event
>i have defs for functions fi, or simple boolean expressions for each, so 
>that evList is a list of defs or boolean expressions
>for ev in evList:
>if ev: # this supposedly is a call ev(t)
>   # doing smth with the event
>
>I didn't succeed, though, (blindly) trying various options.
>I thought/tried "apply()" but couldn't get it work.
>I'd appreciate pointers to how to handle this kind of
>functions or events lists (or objects?) and how to call those
>functions in a loop.

If you hadn't tried the string shortcut, it would have worked:

  event_list = [f1, f2, etc]

As it is, event_list is a list of strings, not a list of functions.

Then, when you want to call it, remember that it has to be treated like a
function:

  for ev in event_list:
if ev(t):
  pass

If you REALLY need the list of functions to come from a string, you can
also do:

  event_list = [eval(f) for f in "f1 f2 etc".split()]
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Re: Importing modules through directory shortcuts on Windows

[Roger Upole]

You can use win32file.DeviceIoControl to link directories.
I can post some code to do so if anyone's interested.

   Roger


"Brian Quinlan" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Recently, I became responsible for maintaining some Python code, which was 
> organized as follows:
>
> user/pylib
>  ui
>  ...
> project2/pylib
>  ui
>  ...
> project3/pylib
>  ui
>  ...
> python-packages/user => /user/pylib
> project2 => /project2/pylib
> project3 => /project3/pylib
>
> The idea is that "python-packages" is added to sys.path and then every 
> project can import the library package from every other 
> project. NOTE: I think that this structure is crazy but I'm just the poor 
> maintenance programmer.
>
> Anyway, the problem is that Windows does not have a symlink facility to 
> accommodate this (AFAIK) and the Python import 
> mechanism does not resolve shortcuts.
>
> Therefore, I wrote a very simple import hook to get around that problem. If 
> you are interested, the code is here:
> http://www.sweetapp.com/shortcut/shortcutimporter.py
>
> BTW, does anyone else think that this functionality should be part of core 
> Python?
>
> Cheers,
> Brian 




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Re: Looking for resources for making the jump from Java to Python easier and more productive

[Lawrence D'Oliveiro]

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
 bruno at modulix <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

>Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
>> In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
>>  bruno at modulix <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> 
>> 
>>>Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
>>>
>(snip)
I suppose this is an instance of the more general rule: "using OO when 
you don't have to".
>>>
>>>Lawrence, I'm afraid you're confusing OO with "statically-typed
>>>class-based". FWIW, dynamic typing is part of OO since Smalltalk.
>> 
>> 
>> I wasn't talking about dynamic typing, I was talking about subclassing, 
>> which is very much a part of OO.
>
>What you wrote implies (well, at least I understand it that way) that
>polymorphic dispatch *not* based on subclassing is not OO. Hence my
>reaction : the need to use subclassing (inheritance) for subtyping
>(polymorphic dispatch) is not a requirement of object orientation and
>has never been - it's only a limitation of languages with declarative
>static typing (C++, Java, C# etc).

It's nothing to do with OO, because it's also present in non-OO 
languages.

>> Unless you subscribe to the "OO is whatever looks like a good 
>> programming idea" definition .
>
>Not really !-)

One would hope not.
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RE: Speed of shutil.copy vs os.system("copy src dest") in win32

[Tim Golden]

[Russell Warren]

| I just did a comparison of the copying speed of shutil.copy 
| against the
| speed of a direct windows copy using os.system.  I copied a file that
| was 1083 KB.
| 
| I'm very interested to see that the shutil.copy copyfileobj
| implementation of hacking through the file and writing a new one is
| significantly faster... any clue as to why this is?  I figure I'm
| missing something here.

There are a couple of other options as well which
may or may not be faster. I'd meant to time things
before putting this page up but never got round to
it; maybe I'll give it another go:

http://tgolden.sc.sabren.com/python/win32_how_do_i/copy-a-file.html

TJG


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Re: OOP / language design question

[Lawrence D'Oliveiro]

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
 Duncan Booth <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

>Carl Banks wrote:
>
>> You know, Python's __init__ has almost the same semantics as C++
>> constructors (they both initialize something that's already been
>> allocated in memory, and neither can return a substitute object). 
>
>There is a significant difference: imagine B is a base type and C a 
>subclass of B:
>
>When you create an object of type C in Python, while B.__init__ is 
>executing self is an object of type C (albeit without all the attributes 
>you expect on your C).
>
>In C++ when the B() constructor is executing the object is an object of 
>type B. It doesn't become a C object until the C() constructor is 
>executing.
>
>In other words, the object is constructed in Python before any __init__ is 
>called, but in C++ it isn't constructed until after all the base class 
>constructors have returned.

But if "construction" is what a constructor does, then you're wrong.
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Re: OOP / language design question

[Lawrence D'Oliveiro]

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
 "Carl Banks" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

>bruno at modulix wrote:
>> [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>> > I was wondering, why you always have to remember to call bases'
>> > constructors
>>
>> 
>> s/constructors/__init__/
>>
>> the __init__() method is *not* the constructor. Object's instanciation
>> is a two-stage process:  __new__() is called first, then __init__().
>> 
>
>You know, Python's __init__ has almost the same semantics as C++
>constructors (they both initialize something that's already been
>allocated in memory, and neither can return a substitute object).  I
>actually think constructors are misnamed in C++, they should be called
>initializers (and destructors finalizers).

"Constructor" is also the term used for the corresponding method in Java.

Is there any OO language that does not use "constructor" in this sense? 
I don't think there is one. This is standard OO terminology.
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Direct acces to db unify on unix sco

[luca72]

Is it possible or i must use odbc?

Rergards Luca

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Re: Can you create an instance of a subclass with an existing instance of the base class?

[Lawrence D'Oliveiro]

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
 Bruno Desthuilliers <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

>Sandra-24 a écrit :
>> Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
>> 
>>>In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
>>> "Sandra-24" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>>
>>>
Now that is a clever little trick. I never would have guessed you can
assign to __class__, Python always surprises me in it's sheer
flexibility.
>>>
>>>That's because you're still thinking in OO terms. 
>> 
>> It's not quite as simple as all that. I agree that people, escpecially
>> people with a Java (ew) background overuse OO, when there's often
>> simpler ways of doing things.
>
>Nope. I mean : they don't overuse OO, they overuse *classes*. AFAIK, OO 
>means *object* oriented - not class oriented.

Oh great. Now we have someone redefining the concept of OO to evade the 
point I was making.

>There are OO languages that don't even have a notion of class.

Sounds like stuff I was doing in C (a non-OO language) years ago. Unless 
you want to count C as an OO language, I think you're going to have to 
retract this claim.

>> However in this case I'm simply getting an object (an mp_request object
>> from mod_python) passed into my function, and before I pass it on to
>> the functions that make up and individual web page it is modified by
>> adding members and methods to add functionality.
>
>Which is a well-known design pattern called "decorator".

If you have to think of it as a design pattern, that means you haven't 
figured out the code reuse angle yet.
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Re: Can you create an instance of a subclass with an existing instance of the base class?

[Lawrence D'Oliveiro]

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
 bruno at modulix <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

>Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
>> In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
>>  bruno at modulix <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> 
>> 
>>>Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
>>>(snip)
>>>
I think you're taking Python's OO-ness too seriously. One of the 
strengths of Python is that it can _look_ like an OO language without 
actually being OO.
>>>
>>>According to which definition of OO ?
>> 
>> Isn't there one?
>
>Your claim that Python "_look_ like an OO language without actually
>being OO" implicitely relies on a definition of OO - or is just
>meaningless.

Which nicely evades answering the question.
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Re: Can one query full name (or version) of selected packages at pypi?

[Tim Golden]

[Caleb Hattingh]

> My big problem, being in South Africa, is
> that I have to get any distros on cover CDs or order from
> distro-resellers, and they never have Testing or Unstable.   Broadband
> hasn't exactly hit the local market, although things might be looking
> up in a few years or so.

I have no idea how useful the following will be, but I've
bought CDs several times from linuxemporium.co.uk
and they've always been very obliging when I've contacted
them directly for updates etc. Obviously I can't speak for
them, but I don't imagine it's any harder for them to burn
Debian Unstable/Testing than burning any other download.

They're UK-based, but maybe a distributor in your part
of the world might be equally obliging.

TJG

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Re: begging for a tree implementation

[Ant]

Did you not read the first post?

>  All the nice methods would be appreciated (getLeaves, isLeaf, isRoot,
> depthfirst, breadthfirst,...)

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Re: Events in Python?

[Ben Sizer]

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> It seems like Python doesn't have a "standard" implementation of an
> event or messaging system. That is really what I was curious about. I
> wanted to check before I implemented something of my own.

What are you comparing it to? Does Java have standard event or
messaging systems? I thought there were only such systems as part of
the GUI libraries. Perhaps you're referring to the Observer interface?
Sometimes a solution that is necessary in Java would be an
overcomplication in Python, and full-blown Observers is probably one
such example.

-- 
Ben Sizer

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Re: not quite 1252

[John Machin]

On 27/04/2006 12:49 AM, Anton Vredegoor wrote:
> Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> 
>> Anton Vredegoor wrote:
>>
>>> I'm trying to import text from an open office document (save as .sxw and
>>>  read the data from content.xml inside the sxw-archive using
>>> elementtree and such tools).
>>>
>>> The encoding that gives me the least problems seems to be cp1252,
>>> however it's not completely perfect because there are still characters
>>> in it like \93 or \94. Has anyone handled this before?
>>
>> this might help:
>>
>> http://effbot.org/zone/unicode-gremlins.htm
> 
> Thanks a lot! The code below not only made the strange chars go away, 
> but it also fixed the xml-parsing errors 

What xml-parsing errors were they??

> ... Maybe it's useful to 
> someone else too, use at own risk though.
> 
> Anton
> 
> from gremlins import kill_gremlins
> from zipfile import ZipFile, ZIP_DEFLATED
> 
> def repair(infn,outfn):
> zin  = ZipFile(infn, 'r', ZIP_DEFLATED)
> zout = ZipFile(outfn, 'w', ZIP_DEFLATED)
> for x in zin.namelist():
> data = zin.read(x)
> if x == 'contents.xml':

Firstly, this should be 'content.xml', not 'contents.xml'.

Secondly, as pointed out by Sergei, the data is encoded by OOo as UTF-8 
e.g. what is '\x94' in cp1252 is \u201d which is '\xe2\x80\x9d' in 
UTF-8. The kill_gremlins function is intended to fix Unicode strings 
that have been obtained by decoding 8-bit strings using 'latin1' instead 
of 'cp1252'. When you pump '\xe2\x80\x9c' through the kill_gremlins 
function, it changes the \x80 to a Euro symbol, and leaves the other two 
alone. Because the \x9d is not defined in cp1252, it then causes your 
code to die in a hole when you attempt to encode it as cp1252: 
UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode character u'\x9d' in 
position 1761: character maps to 

I don't see how this code repairs anything (quite the contrary!), unless 
there's some side effect of just read/writestr. Enlightenment, please.

> zout.writestr(x,kill_gremlins(data).encode('cp1252'))
> else:
> zout.writestr(x,data)
> zout.close()

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Re: OOP / language design question

[Duncan Booth]

Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:

>>In other words, the object is constructed in Python before any
>>__init__ is called, but in C++ it isn't constructed until after all
>>the base class constructors have returned.
> 
> But if "construction" is what a constructor does, then you're wrong.
> 
I may be wrong (my C++ is getting rusty), but my belief is that if you have 
a base class B and a derived class D, then until the B() constructor has 
returned, the type of the object (as indicated by RTTI or by calling 
virtual methods) is a B. It isn't until after the B constructor has 
returned that the object is changed into a D.

This is different from Python's behaviour where the object is created as 
its final type and then initialised.
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RE: Importing modules through directory shortcuts on Windows

[Tim Golden]

[Roger Upole]

| You can use win32file.DeviceIoControl to link directories.
| I can post some code to do so if anyone's interested.

I'd certainly be interested...

Thanks
TJG


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Re: Events in Python?

[Ben C]

On 2006-04-26, nikie <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>
>> Here is another non-pythonic question from the Java Developer. (I beg
>> for forgiveness...)
>>
>> Does Python have a mechanism for events/event-driven programming?
>>
>> I'm not necessarily talking about just GUIs either, I'm interested in
>> using events for other parts of an application as well.
>>
>> If there isn't some sort of event mechanism built into Python, where
>> might I find some information about implementing one?
>
> Maybe I got your question wrong, but why not simply use something like:
>
> class Sender:
> def __init__(self, event):
> self.event = event
>
> def raiseEvent(self):
> self.event("Event")
>
> class Receiver:
> def receiveEvent(self, msg):
> print "Received %r" % msg
>
> r = Receiver()
> s = Sender(r.receiveEvent)
> s.raiseEvent()
>
> You can pass around functions and bound methods, I always found that's
> often a really good substitute for full-blown event mechanisms.

Actually I'd say full-blown event mechanisms are a poor substitute for
passing around bound-methods :)
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Re: Pyrex installation on windows XP: step-by-step guide

[Julien Fiore]

Thanks for your remark, Sturlamolden.

Is there a free version of the "Visual C++ 2003" compiler available on
the web? I have found "Visual C++ 2005 Express edition"
(http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/express/visualc/). According to
Micrsoft, it replaces VC++2003
(http://msdn.microsoft.com/visualc/vctoolkit2003/). Is VC++2005ee the
good compiler to compile a Pyrex module (or any Python extension) ?
Does it link with msvcr71.dll ?

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RE: blob problems in pysqlite

[Tim Golden]

[EMAIL PROTECTED]

| I'm trying to use cPickle.loads(data) (code attached), and I get a:
| "TypeError: loads() argument 1 must be string, not list"
| 
| Is there a workaround for this? I've tried converting the 
| List of files
| to a String before cPickling it, but the same result (expected).

OK, This one looks more straightforward. The result of fetchall ()
is a list of tuples (even if it is a list of one tuple and even if
that tuple has only one element). This means that KnownFilesResult 
is a list. cPickle.loads wants a string. You can, obviously, convert 
the list to a string, but that would only result in something like 
"[(blah,), (blah,)]" which is clearly not what you want.

Depending on what you think you're going to get back, you
either need to use fetchone in place of fetchall, which
will return one tuple -- in this case containing one buffer 
-- or you need to iterate over the list, or unpack it, again 
depending on your expectation of the data.

Here, something like this fragment should work (untested):

.
.
# Iterate over the result set and unpack
#  each tuple into its elements.

KnownFilesResult = c.fetchall ()
for row in KnownFilesResult:
  (pickled_result,) = row
  unpickled_result = cPickle.loads (pickled_result)
  # do things with unpickled result
  
| ps. Tim: Your clean take on my code made me realise that I 
| had stupidly included quotes in the URL argument passed to 
| sqlite ... It's the little things that matter...

By the way, it's a lot easier for others (like me) to help
if you post a self-contained code sample. In both cases,
while your explanation has been lucid enough for me to
see / guess what's going one, I've had to add bits to
your posted code so that they work. It helps if you
add enough to the top of the code to -- in this case --
create the table you're using so that all anyone has
to do is to cut-and-paste the code into an interpreter.

(I realise that I haven't actually done this in return
this time, but that's partly because it might obscure
the point I'm trying to make and partly because it's
a drop-in replacement for your own code).

TJG


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Re: OOP / language design question

[Carl Banks]

Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
>  "Carl Banks" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> >bruno at modulix wrote:
> >> [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> >> > I was wondering, why you always have to remember to call bases'
> >> > constructors
> >>
> >> 
> >> s/constructors/__init__/
> >>
> >> the __init__() method is *not* the constructor. Object's instanciation
> >> is a two-stage process:  __new__() is called first, then __init__().
> >> 
> >
> >You know, Python's __init__ has almost the same semantics as C++
> >constructors (they both initialize something that's already been
> >allocated in memory, and neither can return a substitute object).  I
> >actually think constructors are misnamed in C++, they should be called
> >initializers (and destructors finalizers).
>
> "Constructor" is also the term used for the corresponding method in Java.
>
> Is there any OO language that does not use "constructor" in this sense?
> I don't think there is one. This is standard OO terminology.

Python?

Yeah, I realize it's common terminology, but I just think it's a poor
name.   That Python doesn't really call __init__ a constructor is good
(I guess it doesn't really call it anything but __init__), because
constructor would be a bad name for it.


Carl Banks

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Re: list of functions question

[John Machin]

On 27/04/2006 10:38 AM, val bykoski wrote:
> Hi The List:
>   I have a modeling app where i'm detecting events (in temporal 
> dynamics) applying a set of (boolean) functions - kind of:
> 
> event_list = "f1 f2 etc".split()  # each fi detects a specific event
> i have defs for functions fi, or simple boolean expressions for each, so 
> that evList is a list of defs or boolean expressions
> for ev in evList:
>if ev:# this supposedly is a call ev(t)
>   # doing smth with the event
> 
>I didn't succeed, though, (blindly) trying various options.
> I thought/tried "apply()" but couldn't get it work.
> I'd appreciate pointers to how to handle this kind of
> functions or events lists (or objects?) and how to call those
> functions in a loop.
>thanks,val   

This may be something like what you are trying to achieve:

# untested
def fx(arg):
 pass
def fy(arg):
 pass
def fdefault(arg):
 pass

funcmap = {
'x1': fx,
'x2': fx,
'y' : fy,
}

eventlist = "y x2 x2 x1 y".split()
for ev in eventlist:
 efunc = funcmap.get(ev, fdefault)
 if efunc(t): # what is t
 # do something
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Re: begging for a tree implementation

[Ant]

I was looking for a tree implementation a while back, but got no real
pointers. Seems that there are no tree data model modules out there -
which surprises me, since it is such a fundamental data structure.

I ended up using a very basic tree data class - I didn't need all of
the methods you mentioned. Here it is in case that helps at all:

class Node (object):
def __init__(self, data, parent=None):
self.data = data
self.parent = parent
self.children = []

def add_child(self, child):
self.children.append(child)
child.parent = self

Some of those methods you mentioned would be trivial to implement:

def is_root(self):
return not self.parent
def is_leaf(self):
return not self.children

It may also be more pythonic to have 'walk' methods for traversing
trees.

I may start a tree data structure project - it's something I've been
thinking about for a while, and now it's clear that it's not just me
who uses trees as data structures!

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Re: blob problems in pysqlite

[Gerhard Häring]

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

Excellent. Got that working. Now, how to get the pickled data out of
the database?

I'm trying to use cPickle.loads(data) (code attached), and I get a:
"TypeError: loads() argument 1 must be string, not list" [...]
[...]
c.execute("select Images from FileURLInfo where URL= ?;", (DBURL,))
KnownFilesResult = c.fetchall()
print KnownFilesResult#where I get a r/w buffer, as expected


No, you actually get a list of 1-tuples and each tuple has one entry: a 
read-write buffer. Because of the way you filled the table, the list is 
of length 1.



cPickle.loads(KnownFilesResult)#where I get the error described
above.


cPickle.loads will only accept a string, not a buffer, so you need to 
convert the buffer to a string first.


So, if you want your code to work, you can use

print cPickle.loads(str(KnownFilesResult[0][0]))

FWIW there are certainly much better ways to solve the task you're 
solving here. Because right now you're pickling and unpickling data into 
a single table in a relational database. Like you're doing this, this 
buys you nothing *and* you get the complexity of relational databases 
and object (de)marshaling.


If you want to go the relational way, you can create multiple tables and 
using foreign-key relations between them instead of stuffing lists into 
columns of a single table by pickling them.


I've attached an example script that can perhaps inspire you.

-- Gerhard
from pysqlite2 import dbapi2 as sqlite

con = sqlite.connect(":memory:")
cur = con.cursor()

# Create schema

cur.executescript("""
create table page (
  page_id integer primary key,
  page_url text
);

create table image (
  page_id integer references page(page_id),
  image_url text,
  imagedata blob
);
""")

# Insert example data

import urllib

test_data = {
"http://python.org/"; : [
"http://python.org/images/python-logo.gif";,
"http://python.org/images/success/nasa.jpg";
],
"http://ruby-lang.org/": [
"http://www.ruby-lang.org/image/title.gif";
]
}

for url, img_url_list in test_data.items():
cur.execute("insert into page(page_url) values (?)", (url,))
page_id = cur.lastrowid

for img_url in img_url_list:
image_data = urllib.urlopen(img_url).read()
cur.execute(
"insert into image(page_id, image_url, imagedata) values (?, ?, ?)",
(page_id, img_url, sqlite.Binary(image_data)))

# We have a consistent state here, so we commit
con.commit()

# Show the data

cur.execute("""
select page_url, image_url, imagedata
from page inner join image using (page_id)
order by page_url
""")
for page_url, image_url, imagedata in cur:
print "page_url=", page_url
print "image_url=", image_url
print "len(imagedata)=", len(imagedata)
print "-" * 50

cur.close
con.close()
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Re: Can you create an instance of a subclass with an existing instance of the base class?

[bruno at modulix]

Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
>  Bruno Desthuilliers <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> 
> 
>>Sandra-24 a écrit :
>>
>>>Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
>>>
>>>
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
"Sandra-24" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:



>Now that is a clever little trick. I never would have guessed you can
>assign to __class__, Python always surprises me in it's sheer
>flexibility.

That's because you're still thinking in OO terms. 
>>>
>>>It's not quite as simple as all that. I agree that people, escpecially
>>>people with a Java (ew) background overuse OO, when there's often
>>>simpler ways of doing things.
>>
>>Nope. I mean : they don't overuse OO, they overuse *classes*. AFAIK, OO 
>>means *object* oriented - not class oriented.
> 
> 
> Oh great. Now we have someone redefining the concept of OO to evade the 
> point I was making.

"redefining" ? lol...

> 
>>There are OO languages that don't even have a notion of class.
> 
> 
> Sounds like stuff I was doing in C (a non-OO language) years ago. Unless 
> you want to count C as an OO language, I think you're going to have to 
> retract this claim.

I think I'm not going to retract anything. And I think you should learn
a bit more about prototype-based languages.

> 
>>>However in this case I'm simply getting an object (an mp_request object
>>>from mod_python) passed into my function, and before I pass it on to
>>>the functions that make up and individual web page it is modified by
>>>adding members and methods to add functionality.
>>
>>Which is a well-known design pattern called "decorator".
>  
> If you have to think of it as a design pattern, that means you haven't 
> figured out the code reuse angle yet.

Please stop saying non-sense and learn the difference between design and
implementation.

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p in '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'.split('@')])"
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Re: OOP / language design question

[bruno at modulix]

Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
>  "Carl Banks" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> 
> 
>>bruno at modulix wrote:
>>
>>>[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>>>
I was wondering, why you always have to remember to call bases'
constructors
>>>
>>>
>>>s/constructors/__init__/
>>>
>>>the __init__() method is *not* the constructor. Object's instanciation
>>>is a two-stage process:  __new__() is called first, then __init__().
>>>
>>
>>You know, Python's __init__ has almost the same semantics as C++
>>constructors (they both initialize something that's already been
>>allocated in memory, and neither can return a substitute object).  I
>>actually think constructors are misnamed in C++, they should be called
>>initializers (and destructors finalizers).
> 
> 
> "Constructor" is also the term used for the corresponding method in Java.
> 
> Is there any OO language that does not use "constructor" in this sense? 

Smalltalk. Just like Python, it has constructor *and* initializer.

> I don't think there is one. This is standard OO terminology.

Being "standard" doesn't imply it's accurate.

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p in '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'.split('@')])"
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Re: begging for a tree implementation

[Diez B. Roggisch]

> I may start a tree data structure project - it's something I've been
> thinking about for a while, and now it's clear that it's not just me
> who uses trees as data structures!

Oh, people do use them. It's just to easy to cough one up when you need it -
either as nested tuples, lists, dicts or a simple class like yours - which
I needed yesterday and wrote in 2 minutes. And that is tailored to the
needs at hand and not some abstraction that might prevent you from e.g.
using methods like __iter__ or the like with your own semantics.

This is not to discourage you - just don't expect people to greet you as the
next messiah who finally brought one of CS most fundamental data structures
to Python... :)

Diez
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Re: begging for a tree implementation

[Fredrik Lundh]

Diez B. Roggisch wrote:

> This is not to discourage you - just don't expect people to greet you as the
> next messiah who finally brought one of CS most fundamental data structures
> to Python... :)

xml.etree was added to Python 2.5 before christmas :-)

 



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How to align the text of a Listbox to the right

[Leonardo da Vinci]

Greetings gentlemen and ladies,
I have a question: in Tkinter, how to align a Listbox entry (i.e. a
line of text) to the right?
Google did not show up the answer to my request.
Thanks very much.

L

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Re: bug in modulus?

[Christophe]

[EMAIL PROTECTED] a écrit :
> I think there might be something wrong with the implementation of
> modulus.
> 
> Negative float values close to 0.0 break the identity "0 <= abs(a % b)
> < abs(b)".
> 
> print 0.0 % 2.0 # => 0.0
> print -1e-010 % 2.0 # =>1.99
> 
> which is correct, but:
> 
> print -1e-050 % 2.0 # => 2.0
> print -1e-050 % 2.0 < 2.0 # => False
> 
> This means I can't use modulus to "wrap around" before it reaches a
> certain value. I'm using Python 2.4.2 on WindowsXP.
> 
> Thanks
> Janto
> 

Consider that -1e-050 % 2.0 = 2.0 - 1e-050

Now, test that :
 >>> 2.0 - 1e-050 == 2.0
True

Floating point numbers just don't have the required precision to 
represent 2.0 - 1e-050. For your specific problem, if you really want 
the result to be < 2.0, the the best you can do is admit that floating 
point operations have errors and return 0.0 when the modulus operation 
equals 2.0.
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can anyone advise me

[micklee74]

why the output of this code :
x = 0
while x < 10:
z = 0
print x
x = x + 1
while z < x:
print z,
z = z + 1

is

0
0 1
0 1 2
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4
0 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 < ---extra


instead of :
0
0 1
0 1 2
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4
0 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

thanks

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how to free the big list memory

[kyo guan]

Python version 2.4.3

>>> l=range(50*1024*100)

after this code, you can see the python nearly using about 80MB.

then I do this

>>> del l

after this, the python still using more then 60MB, Why the python don't free my 
memory?

Is there any way to force the python free my memory?

Thanks.

Kyo.

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Re: blob problems in pysqlite

[aldonnelley]

Woohoo!

You rock, Gerhard. That's inspired. I'm sure I can sort this out now.
Both you and Tim have been an enormous help.

Cheers, Al.
(Oh, and Tim: tip noted. I feel bad about not posting complete code- I
do normally (not in python), but can't for this one. Thanks for wading
your way through it anyway.)

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Re: help

[NavyJay]

For such a simple task, I would use MATLAB.
http://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab/

However, if you have to do generic programming in addition to this, I
would use Python with the libraries ImageMagick or Python Image Library
(PIL).  Just search for them and you'll have all the examples you need.

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Re: I have problems with creating the classic game Wumpus. the file: http://esnips.c

[conny . ledin]

This is so great!!! I know i have alot of work left to do and i
probobly wont make it in time which means that i can only get the grade
E on the assignment... But at this stage it feels like ill be happy
with any grade i get, just to have this behind me. Programming is
apparently not my thing. It feels like the movement was the hardest
part of the prog though, IM HOPING!! THANK YOU 

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Re: how to free the big list memory

[harold]

pydoc gc.collect
pydoc xrange

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Re: can anyone advise me

[Dan Sommers]

On 27 Apr 2006 02:48:46 -0700,
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

> why the output of this code :
> x = 0
> while x < 10:
> z = 0
> print x
> x = x + 1
> while z < x:
> print z,
> z = z + 1

> is

> 0

Okay, that was x, from the print statement inside the x-loop.

> 0 1

And that's z, from the print statement inside the z-loop.  z is 0, and
then when z is 1, it's not less than x, so we're done printing z's.

And then we get the next x.

> 0 1 2

And two more z's, 0 and 1, since x is now 2.

And another x.

Since this might be homework, I'll stop at a hint:  you need to think
about when you want each printed line to end, and make sure that you
tell python to end it there.

Regards,
Dan

-- 
Dan Sommers

"I wish people would die in alphabetical order." -- My wife, the genealogist
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Re: can anyone advise me

[Peter Otten]

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

> why the output of this code :
> x = 0
> while x < 10:
> z = 0
> print x
> x = x + 1
> while z < x:
> print z,
> z = z + 1
> 
> is
> 
> 0
> 0 1
> 0 1 2
> 0 1 2 3
> 0 1 2 3 4
> 0 1 2 3 4 5
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 < ---extra
> 
> 
> instead of :
> 0
> 0 1
> 0 1 2
> 0 1 2 3
> 0 1 2 3 4
> 0 1 2 3 4 5
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
> 
> thanks

Hint: You can modify your code a bit to see where the offending extra line
comes from:

x = 0
while x < 10:
z = 0
print "x" + str(x)
x = x + 1
while z < x:
print "z" + str(z),
z = z + 1

Surprised? Replace the statement responsible for the extra number with a
bare print,  perhaps moving it around somewhat to avoid the extra blank
line -- and when it works rewrite the script with for loops and range() :-)

Peter
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Re: can anyone advise me

[Gerard Flanagan]

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

> why the output of this code :
> x = 0
> while x < 10:
> z = 0
> print x
> x = x + 1
> while z < x:
> print z,
> z = z + 1
>
> is
>
> 0
> 0 1
> 0 1 2
> 0 1 2 3
> 0 1 2 3 4
> 0 1 2 3 4 5
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 < ---extra
>
>
> instead of :
> 0
> 0 1
> 0 1 2
> 0 1 2 3
> 0 1 2 3 4
> 0 1 2 3 4 5
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
>

Does the following help?

x = 0
while x < 10:
print 'x'
x = x + 1
z = 0
while z < x:
print z,
z = z + 1

x
0 x
0 1 x
0 1 2 x
0 1 2 3 x
0 1 2 3 4 x
0 1 2 3 4 5 x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9


x = 0
while x < 10:
print
x = x + 1
z = 0
while z < x:
print z,
z = z + 1

0
0 1
0 1 2
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4
0 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Gerard

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Re: can anyone advise me

[looping]

try something like this:

x = 0
while x < 10:
z = 0
print '-' + str(x) + '-'
x = x + 1
while z < x:
print '.' + str(z) + '.',
z = z + 1

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help

[kalyanigoli]

Hi!

 I am a new user to python. I want to draw a 2D graph with
coordinates data as input. In the graph i want to fill some area and
also include image maps.
Can any one suggest which is the best library to use and some links for
examples.

Thanks in advance. Your help will be most appreciated.

Kalyani

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[no subject]

[carlosperezs]

Hallo !!!
I am new in Python and my doubts are basics.I would like to a window appears
when press a button. This window would have only an advise. Therefore it would
be a simple window. I don't know which window to choose.

Thank you.

--oOo-oOo--

Servicio de acceso ó correo electrónico vía web da Universidade de Vigo
Servicio de acceso al correo electrónico vía web de la Universidad de Vigo

Servicios Informáticos [ http://si.uvigo.es ]
Universidade de Vigo [ http://www.uvigo.es ]

URL: https://correoweb.uvigo.es

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[no subject]

[UMASANKAR LAKSHMANAN]

hi,

I want some simple program for :

timer thread
running program in timer thread
how to get notified when program is closed

Thanks in advance

Regards
Ums

UMASANKAR L.
704-B, SHIVARANJANI APARTMENTS  213, NAGAPRABHA CHAMBERS
ITI LAYOUT, BSK III STAGE   3rd MAIN, 4th CROSS
NEAR VIDYA PEETA CIRCLE CHAMRAJPET
KATHRIGUPPA MAIN ROAD   BANGALORE - 560 018
BANGALORE - 560 085 Ph : 91 80 6601086 Ext : 127
Ph : 91 80 6891454 6602365



__ 
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midipy.py on linux

[Will Hurt]

Hi
Ive been using midipy in my blender3d python scripts on windowsXP, now
im trying to run them from ubuntu and i cant find the midipy.py module
compiled for linux anywhere. 
Is it possible to complie it under linux and how would i go about doing
it --or--
Is there another module which does the same thing available for linux[ie
i can get raw midi data in as a list] and thats why no-ones bothered to
compile midipy under linux?

Thanks
Will



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Re: can anyone advise me

[micklee74]

Dan Sommers wrote:
> On 27 Apr 2006 02:48:46 -0700,
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>
> > why the output of this code :
> > x = 0
> > while x < 10:
> > z = 0
> > print x
> > x = x + 1
> > while z < x:
> > print z,
> > z = z + 1
>
> > is
>
> > 0
>
> Okay, that was x, from the print statement inside the x-loop.
>
> > 0 1
>
> And that's z, from the print statement inside the z-loop.  z is 0, and
> then when z is 1, it's not less than x, so we're done printing z's.
>
> And then we get the next x.
>
> > 0 1 2
>
> And two more z's, 0 and 1, since x is now 2.
>
> And another x.
>
> Since this might be homework, I'll stop at a hint:  you need to think
> about when you want each printed line to end, and make sure that you
> tell python to end it there.
>
> Regards,
> Dan
>
> --
> Dan Sommers
> 
> "I wish people would die in alphabetical order." -- My wife, the genealogist


thanks..solved...just removed the print x..

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Re: Inherit from array

[TG]

Hmm ... I'm definitely not a python wizard, but it seems to be quite a
special case that breaks the rules ... unpythonic, isn't it ?

Has anyone seen a PEP on this subject ?

Just in case a troll reads this message : i'm not saying python sucks
or has huge design flaws here ...

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Re: begging for a tree implementation

[Ant]

Damn! Missed the boat ;-)

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Re: A QFB agent: how to catch C-level crashes and last Python stack ?

[Thomas Heller]

robert wrote:
> When employing complex UI libs (wx, win32ui, ..) and other extension 
> libs, nice "only Python stack traces" remain a myth.
> 
> Currently I'm hunting again a rare C-level crash bug of a Python based 
> Windows app with rare user reports - and still in the dark (I get 
> snippets of machine stack traces / screenshots with random "mem. access 
> error" / "python caused the runtime to terminate in an unusual way" / ..)
> 
> I'd like to hook a kind of quality feedback agent a C-level to enable 
> the user transfer a report (similar to what Mozilla/Netscape has), e.g. 
> in a changed python.exe stub. Next to the machine stack/regs it should 
> grab the relevant last Python thread stack(s), if any, and maybe other 
> useful status and python global vars.
> (There are also Python threads going on. )
> 
> Is that possible?
> 
> -robert

It looks like this may be what you want.  Quoting from

http://www.usenix.org/events/usenix01/full_papers/beazley/beazley.pdf

"""
In recent years, scripting languages such as Perl,
Python, and Tcl have become popular development tools
for the creation of sophisticated application software.
One of the most useful features of these languages is
their ability to easily interact with compiled languages
such as C and C++. Although this mixed language approach
has many benefits, one of the greatest drawbacks
is the complexity of debugging that results from using
interpreted and compiled code in the same application.
In part, this is due to the fact that scripting language
interpreters are unable to recover from catastrophic errors
in compiled extension code. Moreover, traditional
C/C++ debuggers do not provide a satisfactory degree
of integration with interpreted languages. This paper
describes an experimental system in which fatal extension
errors such as segmentation faults, bus errors, and
failed assertions are handled as scripting language exceptions.
This system, which has been implemented as
a general purpose shared library, requires no modifications
to the target scripting language, introduces no performance
penalty, and simplifies the debugging of mixed
interpreted-compiled application software.
"""

It may be an interesting project to port this to Windows.

Hope that helps,

Thomas

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Re: Packing a list of lists with struct.pack()

[Fredrik Lundh]

Panos Laganakos wrote:

> What I don't understand is what are you doing with *(...), this is
> supposed to pack its contents as a list?

the *arg form treats each value in the arg sequence as a separate argument.
for example,

arg = 1, 2, 3
function(*arg)

is the same thing as

function(1, 2, 3)

when used with a generator expression, *(genexp) simply fetches the arguments
from the generated sequence.

(note that struct.pack expects a format string plus N additional arguments, not
a format string and an N-item sequence)

 



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Re: MinGW and Python

[sturlamolden]

Martin v. Löwis wrote:

> That's not how I read it. To me, it says: it can be used by other
> parts of Windows itself (i.e. system-level components), but it is not
> intended to be used by third-party applications (such as Python),
> as these are not system-level components.

That is correct. And it is the reson why the  MinGW team is working on
removing the dependency on this CRT. I

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searching for an article on name-binding

[Gerard Flanagan]

Hello

I'm trying to find a webpage I remember reading which contained a
layman's description of how Python binds names to objects. It used some
ASCII-art illustrations where an arrow represented a 'binding'. Anyone
got a link for that? (Google's not my friend!)

Thanks

Gerard

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Re: Inherit from array

[bruno at modulix]

TG wrote:
> Hmm ... I'm definitely not a python wizard, but it seems to be quite a
> special case that breaks the rules ... 

Yes and no. The primary use case for __new__ was to allow subclassing of
immutable types. array.array is not immutable, but it's still a special
case, in that it enforce type-based restrictions.

I guess that it does so by creating different types based on the
typecode (this is low-level, C stuff), so this can only happen in the
constructor (the object is already created when the initializer is called).

> unpythonic, isn't it ?

Not really -> practicallity beats purity !-)

But this should definitively be documented. I don't have time to do so
right now  - anybody willing to take care of this ?


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Re: searching for an article on name-binding

[Fredrik Lundh]

Gerard Flanagan wrote:

> I'm trying to find a webpage I remember reading which contained a
> layman's description of how Python binds names to objects. It used some
> ASCII-art illustrations where an arrow represented a 'binding'. Anyone
> got a link for that? (Google's not my friend!)

http://www.python.net/crew/mwh/hacks/objectthink.html

 



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urllib.urlopen() with pages that requires cookies.

[Øyvind Østlund]

I am trying to visit a limited amount of web pages that requires
cookies. I will get redirected if my application does not handle them.
I am using urllib.urlopen() to visit the pages right now. And I need a
push in the right direction to find out how to deal with pages that
requires cookies. Anyone have any idea how to go about this?



Thanks in advance.
- ØØ -
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Re: MinGW and Python

[sturlamolden]

Martin v. Löwis wrote:


> > Nonetheless, Cygwin applications are not generally considered native
> > Win32 applications because of the dependency on CYGWIN1.DLL and the
> > related environment.

> - Is winword.exe not a native Win32 library because it uses "MSO.DLL"?
> - A cygwin application does *not* require the Cygwin environment.

Cygwin executables are native windows ".exe files" just like MinGW
executables. They are built by the same compiler, a port of GCC to 32
bit Windows originally written by Mumit Khan. MinGW and Cygwin apps run
at the same speed. However, the CYGWIN1.dll is bloated and an has
unwanted overhead for many system calls. But as such, CYGWIN1.dll is
nothing more than a CRT with extended "Linux API" support, including
posix and xlib.

The problem is actually *licensing issues* related to CYGWIN1.DLL. It
cannot always be linked. CYGWIN1.DLL can only be used for Open Source
development.

"In accordance with section 10 of the GPL, Red Hat permits programs
whose sources are distributed under a license that complies with the
Open Source definition to be linked with libcygwin.a/cygwin1.dll
without libcygwin.a/cygwin1.dll itself causing the resulting program to
be covered by the GNU GPL."

Thus, if you have a commercial closed source application, you need to
use MinGW; that is, you cannot link with libcygwin.a/cygwin1.dll.

I am not sure if Cygwin has link libraries for the Win32 API. Is there
e.g. a libuser32.a for linking with user32.dll? But MinGW has that.

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Re: MinGW and Python

[sturlamolden]

Martin v. Löwis wrote:


> > Nonetheless, Cygwin applications are not generally considered native
> > Win32 applications because of the dependency on CYGWIN1.DLL and the
> > related environment.

> - Is winword.exe not a native Win32 library because it uses "MSO.DLL"?
> - A cygwin application does *not* require the Cygwin environment.

Cygwin executables are native windows ".exe files" just like MinGW
executables. They are built by the same compiler, a port of GCC to 32
bit Windows originally written by Mumit Khan. MinGW and Cygwin apps run
at the same speed. However, the CYGWIN1.dll is bloated and an has
unwanted overhead for many system calls. But as such, CYGWIN1.dll is
nothing more than a CRT with extended "Linux API" support, including
posix and xlib.

The problem is actually *licensing issues* related to CYGWIN1.DLL. It
cannot always be linked. CYGWIN1.DLL can only be used for Open Source
development.

"In accordance with section 10 of the GPL, Red Hat permits programs
whose sources are distributed under a license that complies with the
Open Source definition to be linked with libcygwin.a/cygwin1.dll
without libcygwin.a/cygwin1.dll itself causing the resulting program to
be covered by the GNU GPL."

Thus, if you have a commercial closed source application, you need to
use MinGW; that is, you cannot link with libcygwin.a/cygwin1.dll.

I am not sure if Cygwin has link libraries for the Win32 API. Is there
e.g. a libuser32.a for linking with user32.dll? But MinGW has that.

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Re: can anyone advise me

[egbert]

On Thu, Apr 27, 2006 at 02:48:46AM -0700, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> why the output of this code :
> x = 0
> while x < 10:
> z = 0
> print x
> x = x + 1
> while z < x:
> print z,
> z = z + 1
> 
> is
> 
> 0
> 0 1
> 0 1 2
> 0 1 2 3
> 0 1 2 3 4
> 0 1 2 3 4 5
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 < ---extra
> 
> 
> instead of :
> 0
> 0 1
> 0 1 2
> 0 1 2 3
> 0 1 2 3 4
> 0 1 2 3 4 5
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
> 
In your nested loop you are printing an x followed by zero or
more z's, but only after each x, including the first one,
you switch to a new line.
So the last digit on each line is an x, except for the last line,
which are z's printed after the 9 (an x) ending the line above it.

Egbert Bouwman - Keizersgracht 197 II - 1016 DS  Amsterdam - 020 6257991

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Re: MinGW and Python

[sturlamolden]

Martin v. Löwis wrote:


> > Nonetheless, Cygwin applications are not generally considered native
> > Win32 applications because of the dependency on CYGWIN1.DLL and the
> > related environment.

> - Is winword.exe not a native Win32 library because it uses "MSO.DLL"?
> - A cygwin application does *not* require the Cygwin environment.

Cygwin executables are native windows ".exe files" just like MinGW
executables. They are built by the same compiler, a port of GCC to 32
bit Windows originally written by Mumit Khan. MinGW and Cygwin apps run
at the same speed. However, the CYGWIN1.dll is bloated and an has
unwanted overhead for many system calls. But as such, CYGWIN1.dll is
nothing more than a CRT with extended "Linux API" support, including
posix and xlib.

The problem is actually *licensing issues* related to CYGWIN1.DLL. It
cannot always be linked. CYGWIN1.DLL can only be used for Open Source
development.

"In accordance with section 10 of the GPL, Red Hat permits programs
whose sources are distributed under a license that complies with the
Open Source definition to be linked with libcygwin.a/cygwin1.dll
without libcygwin.a/cygwin1.dll itself causing the resulting program to
be covered by the GNU GPL."

Thus, if you have a commercial closed source application, you need to
use MinGW; that is, you cannot link with libcygwin.a/cygwin1.dll.

I am not sure if Cygwin has link libraries for the Win32 API. Is there
e.g. a libuser32.a for linking with user32.dll? But MinGW has that.

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Re: MinGW and Python

[Gerhard Häring]

sturlamolden wrote:
> [...] The problem is actually *licensing issues* related to CYGWIN1.DLL. It
> cannot always be linked. CYGWIN1.DLL can only be used for Open Source
> development. [...]

Of course Redhat offers an alternative license that does not have the 
GPL restrictions: http://www.redhat.com/software/cygwin/

Like other annoying companies, they don't tell any rates at their 
website and make you call them up if you're interested. Cowards.

-- Gerhard
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RELEASED Python 2.5 (alpha 2)

[Anthony Baxter]

On behalf of the Python development team and the Python
community, I'm happy to announce the second alpha release
of Python 2.5.

This is an *alpha* release of Python 2.5. As such, it is not
suitable for a production environment. It is being released to
solicit feedback and hopefully discover bugs, as well as allowing
you to determine how changes in 2.5 might impact you. If you find
things broken or incorrect, please log a bug on Sourceforge.

In particular, note that changes to improve Python's support
of 64 bit systems might require authors of C extensions to change
their code. More information (as well as source distributions and
Windows installers) are available from the 2.5 website:

http://www.python.org/2.5/

Since the first alpha, a host of bug fixes and smaller new features
have been added. See the release notes (available from the 2.5
webpage) for more.

The plan from here is for either one more alpha release, or (more
likely) moving to the beta releases, then moving to a 2.5 final
release around August.  PEP 356 includes the schedule and will be
updated as the schedule evolves.

The new features in Python 2.5 are described in Andrew Kuchling's
What's New In Python 2.5. It's available from the 2.5 web page.

Amongst the language features added include conditional expressions,
the with statement, the merge of try/except and try/finally into
try/except/finally, enhancements to generators to produce a
coroutine kind of functionality, and a brand new AST-based compiler
implementation.

New modules added include hashlib, ElementTree, sqlite3 and ctypes.
In addition, a new profiling module cProfile was added. In addition,
in the second alpha we have the new 'mailbox' module (a product of
last years Google Summer of Code).

Enjoy this new release,
Anthony

Anthony Baxter
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Python Release Manager
(on behalf of the entire python-dev team)


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Unpacking a list of strings

[Panos Laganakos]

Is there some other practice than reading all the strings and slicing
them later?

They're stored in the form of:
List Group[10]:
char[17] name;

So I thought of doing:
unpacked = unpack('%s' % (10*17), data)

And then slicing the list by a step of 17.

Is there some way to have unpack return a tuple with each element
holding the name (char[17])?

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Re: print names of dictionaries

[Philippe Martin]

Hi,

I do not know if there is a way to overload the instantiation of all objects
in Python but I thought of something like this to fetch any object with its
name:

g_dict = {}


def create_object (v,s):
   p = v
   g_dict[s] = id(p)
   return p

#ex
object = create_object ([1,2,3,4], 'A LIST')

Philippe





Thomas Nelson wrote:

> Here's an OO way that may do what you want:
 class MyD(dict):
> ... def __init__(self,dic,rep):
> ... dict.__init__(self,dic)
> ... self.rep = rep
> ... def __repr__(self):
> ... return self.rep
> ...
 apps = MyD({'alpha':1,'beta':2},'apps')
 apps
> apps
 apps.keys()
> ['alpha', 'beta']
> 
> Of course, the easiest way is just to use a tuple (dict,string).
> 
> THN

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Re: print names of dictionaries

[Philippe Martin]

OK, totally dumb !

g_dict[s] = p




Philippe Martin wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> I do not know if there is a way to overload the instantiation of all
> objects in Python but I thought of something like this to fetch any object
> with its name:
> 
> g_dict = {}
> 
> 
> def create_object (v,s):
>p = v
>g_dict[s] = id(p)
>return p
> 
> #ex
> object = create_object ([1,2,3,4], 'A LIST')
> 
> Philippe
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> Thomas Nelson wrote:
> 
>> Here's an OO way that may do what you want:
> class MyD(dict):
>> ... def __init__(self,dic,rep):
>> ... dict.__init__(self,dic)
>> ... self.rep = rep
>> ... def __repr__(self):
>> ... return self.rep
>> ...
> apps = MyD({'alpha':1,'beta':2},'apps')
> apps
>> apps
> apps.keys()
>> ['alpha', 'beta']
>> 
>> Of course, the easiest way is just to use a tuple (dict,string).
>> 
>> THN

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Re: list of functions question

[Kent Johnson]

val bykoski wrote:
> Hi The List:
>I have a modeling app where i'm detecting events (in temporal 
> dynamics) applying a set of (boolean) functions - kind of:
> 
> event_list = "f1 f2 etc".split()  # each fi detects a specific event
> i have defs for functions fi, or simple boolean expressions for each, so 
> that evList is a list of defs or boolean expressions
> for ev in evList:
> if ev:# this supposedly is a call ev(t)
># doing smth with the event

# Make a list of the actual functions, not their names
# For the events that are expressions, encapsulate them in functions
event_list = [f1, f2, etc]

# Call each one:
for ev in event_list:
   if ev(t):
 # do something

Kent
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Re: can this be done without eval/exec?

[Kent Johnson]

Schüle Daniel wrote:
> and now the obvious one (as I thought at first)
> 
>  >>> lst=[]
>  >>> for i in range(10):
> ... lst.append(lambda:i)
> ...
>  >>> lst[0]()
> 9
>  >>> i
> 9
>  >>>
> 
> I think I understand where the problem comes from
> lambda:i seems not to be fully evalutated
> it just binds object with name i and not the value of i
> thus lst[0]() is not 0

The problem is that variables in closures are not bound until the 
variable goes out of scope. So each lambda is bound to the final value of i.
> 
> are there other solutions to this problem
> without use of eval or exec?

The workaround is to use a default argument to bind the current value of i:
In [1]: lst = []

In [2]: for i in range(10):
...: lst.append(lambda i=i: i)
...:
...:

In [3]: lst[0]()
Out[3]: 0

In [4]: lst[5]()
Out[4]: 5

A list comp makes this IMO cleaner:
In [5]: lst = [ lambda i=i: i for i in range(10) ]

In [6]: lst[0]()
Out[6]: 0

In [7]: lst[5]()
Out[7]: 5

Kent
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Re: How to align the text of a Listbox to the right

[Eric Brunel]

On 27 Apr 2006 02:35:50 -0700, Leonardo da Vinci  
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> Greetings gentlemen and ladies,
> I have a question: in Tkinter, how to align a Listbox entry (i.e. a
> line of text) to the right?

In a real Listbox, the answer is simple: you can't.

What are you trying to do? Maybe there is another widget more suited to  
your needs.
-- 
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'U(17zX(%,5.zmz5(17l8(%,5.Z*(93-965$l7+-'])"
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Re: Packing a list of lists with struct.pack()

[Panos Laganakos]

Unfortunately I'm familiar with the generator concept, I'll look into
it though, 'cause it saved me at least once already :)

Thanks mate.

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Re: searching for an article on name-binding

[Gerard Flanagan]

Fredrik Lundh wrote:

> Gerard Flanagan wrote:
>
> > I'm trying to find a webpage I remember reading which contained a
> > layman's description of how Python binds names to objects. It used some
> > ASCII-art illustrations where an arrow represented a 'binding'. Anyone
> > got a link for that? (Google's not my friend!)
>
> http://www.python.net/crew/mwh/hacks/objectthink.html
> 
> 

That's it! Thanks.

Gerard

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Re: How to align the text of a Listbox to the right

[Leonardo da Vinci]

I have to use a Listbox that shows a list of entries. Every entry is a
char string quite long in size and I cannot set "width" to a large
value due to limitations of screen resolution. The rightmost part is
more important, so I thought that I could show only the end of the
string by aligning the field to the right.

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Re: Twisted and Tkinter

[[EMAIL PROTECTED]]

Posting that error message would be helpful

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Re: urllib.urlopen() with pages that requires cookies.

[Fredrik Lundh]

Øyvind Østlund wrote:

> I am trying to visit a limited amount of web pages that requires cookies. I
> will get redirected if my application does not handle them. I am using
> urllib.urlopen() to visit the pages right now. And I need a push in the
> right direction to find out how to deal with pages that requires cookies.
> Anyone have any idea how to go about this?

use urllib2 and cookielib.  here's an outline:

import urllib2, cookielib

# set things up
jar = cookielib.CookieJar()
handler = urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(jar)
opener = urllib2.build_opener(handler)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)

data = urllib2.urlopen(someurl).read()

# ...

data = urllib2.urlopen(someotherurl).read()

# ...

# dump cookie jar contents (for debugging)
for cookie in jar:
print cookie





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String Exceptions (PEP 352)

[Thomas Guettler]

Hi,

I like python because it is compatible to old versions. That's way I think
string exceptions should not be deprecated.

I use string exceptions if the condition for an assertion is
to complex:

if foo and bar and i>10:
raise "if foo and bar i must not be greater than 10"

This way I can easily add "checkpoints" to my code.

Is it too late to change this? Way not make this line

raise "..."

behave like this:

raise Exception("...")   

in the future?

I know that catching string exceptions and reading the
string is different from Exception("..."). This could
become deprecated.

Please keep Python compatible to old versions.

 Thomas Güttler

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Spam Catcher: [EMAIL PROTECTED]

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Re: Twisted and Tkinter

[Chris]

Sorry. The error message is normally AttributeError: 'NoneType' object
has no attribute 'sendLine'"

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> Posting that error message would be helpful

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Re: String Exceptions (PEP 352)

[infidel]

You could also use the "assert" statement:

>>> if foo and bar:
... assert i <= 10, "if foo and bar then i must not be greater than
10"
...

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Re: String Exceptions (PEP 352)

[bruno at modulix]

Thomas Guettler wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I like python because it is compatible to old versions. That's way I think
> string exceptions should not be deprecated.
> 
> I use string exceptions if the condition for an assertion is
> to complex:
> 
> if foo and bar and i>10:
> raise "if foo and bar i must not be greater than 10"

What's wrong with:

assert foo and bar and i > 10, \
  "if foo and bar i must not be greater than 10"



(snip)
>
> Please keep Python compatible to old versions.


When there's too much hysterical cruft and warts accumulated from the
past, it's time to throw away and clean up, even if it breaks a lot of
things. Trying to keep compatibility at any price would be just suicidal
IMHO - time to get rid of old warts and come back to simplicity. "one
obvious way to do it" rules.


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p in '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'.split('@')])"
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Re: Twisted and Tkinter

[Fredrik Lundh]

"Chris" wrot:

> Sorry. The error message is normally AttributeError: 'NoneType' object
> has no attribute 'sendLine'"

please post the *entire* traceback, including the part that lists
filenames, line numbers, and source code lines.





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Re: String Exceptions (PEP 352)

[bruno at modulix]

bruno at modulix wrote:
> Thomas Guettler wrote:
> 
>>Hi,
>>
>>I like python because it is compatible to old versions. That's way I think
>>string exceptions should not be deprecated.
>>
>>I use string exceptions if the condition for an assertion is
>>to complex:
>>
>>if foo and bar and i>10:
>>raise "if foo and bar i must not be greater than 10"
> 
> 
> What's wrong with:
> 
> assert foo and bar and i > 10, \
>   "if foo and bar i must not be greater than 10"
> 

oops ! I meant:
if foo and bar:
  assert i > 10,  "if foo and bar i must not be greater than 10"

My bad :(


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Re: Editing a function in-memory and in-place

[bruno at modulix]

Peter Otten wrote:
(snip)
> 
> Can you cheat and just assign another known good func_code object?
def hello(): print "hello"
> ...
def world(): print "world"
> ...
def use_it(hello=hello, world=world):
> ... hello()
> ... world()
> ...
use_it()
> hello
> world
world.func_code = hello.func_code
use_it()
> hello
> hello
hello, world
> (, )

+1 H2OTW !-)

(NB : H2 -> Horrible Hack)

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Re: begging for a tree implementation

[Diez B. Roggisch]

Fredrik Lundh wrote:

> Diez B. Roggisch wrote:
> 
>> This is not to discourage you - just don't expect people to greet you as
>> the next messiah who finally brought one of CS most fundamental data
>> structures to Python... :)
> 
> xml.etree was added to Python 2.5 before christmas :-)

Can't wait until etree grows some tree optimization algorithms like AVL or
red-black. Those degenerated XML-documents of mine always annoyed me.. :)

Diez
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A fix to bluepin

[Fulvio]

Hello List,

I'm very beginner on programming, I''m studing some fix on the Bluez's 
bluepin, which is rather vague to control the given input.

Code /start:
=
def main(*args):
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
print "ERR"
sys.exit()

dir= sys.argv[1]
bdaddr = sys.argv[2]

if len(sys.argv) > 3:
name = sys.argv[3]
else:
name = ""

title = "Bluetooth PIN Code"

# Bluetooth spec recommends automatic strong random PIN generation.
# So eventually we should implement that. 
pin = { "PIN": "" }

if dir == "out":
mesg = "Outgoing connection to "
else:
mesg = "Incoming connection from "

mesg = mesg + name + "[" + bdaddr + "]"

if dialog(title, mesg, pin) == DLG_OK:
pin["PIN"] = string.strip(pin["PIN"])
for i in pin:
if i not in digits:
print "ERR"
break

if len(pin["PIN"]) >= 1 and len(pin["PIN"]) <= 16:
print "PIN:" + pin["PIN"]
else:
print "ERR"
else:
print "ERR"

#
main()
=
Code /end:

Assumed that digits is:
  from string import digits  (equal to "1234567890")
(Perhaps I could avoid such import ad assigned directly :-) )
Assumed that the purpose would be to don't print ERR but to return back to 
main.
Therefore may I recursively call main() ?
Does it re-open a new window, if I do so?
Does it re-ask new args?

Thanks for the patience to give some input here
PS. sorry the code is in tabs not in space :-(

F
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Re: urllib.urlopen() with pages that requires cookies.

[mwt]

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> Øyvind Østlund wrote:
>
> > I am trying to visit a limited amount of web pages that requires cookies. I
> > will get redirected if my application does not handle them. I am using
> > urllib.urlopen() to visit the pages right now. And I need a push in the
> > right direction to find out how to deal with pages that requires cookies.
> > Anyone have any idea how to go about this?
>
> use urllib2 and cookielib.  here's an outline:
>
> import urllib2, cookielib
>
> # set things up
> jar = cookielib.CookieJar()
> handler = urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(jar)
> opener = urllib2.build_opener(handler)
> urllib2.install_opener(opener)
>
> data = urllib2.urlopen(someurl).read()
>
> # ...
>
> data = urllib2.urlopen(someotherurl).read()
>
> # ...
>
> # dump cookie jar contents (for debugging)
> for cookie in jar:
> print cookie
>
> 

How would this outline be changed/expanded if it also needed to handle
basic authentication?

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writing some lines after reading goes wrong on windows？

[yichao.zhang]

Hi all
I can not write anything if I have read something.
the code as:


Python 2.4.3 (#69, Apr 11 2006, 15:32:42) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)]
on win32
IDLE 1.1.3
>>> a=open('d:\\a','r+')
>>> a

>>> a.read()
'11\n22\n33\n'
>>> a.seek(0)
>>> a.read(1)
'1'
>>> a.write("a")
>>> a.seek(0)
>>> a.read()
'11\n22\n33\n'   # it fails to write after reading

>>> a.seek(0)
>>> a.write("a")
>>> a.seek(0)
>>> a.read()
'a1\n22\n33\n'  # it writes fine at the beginning of
the file
>>>

it fails to write "a". but on my debian box, it works fine.
the code on debian as:
 Python 2.3.5 (#2, Sep  4 2005, 22:01:42)
[GCC 3.3.5 (Debian 1:3.3.5-13)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> a=open('/a','r+')
>>> a

>>> a.read()
'11\n22\n33\n'
>>> a.seek(0)
>>> a.read(1)
'1'
>>> a.write("a")
>>> a.seek(0)
>>> a.read()
'1a\n22\n33\n'
>>> 

What's wrong here? is this a bug on windows platform.

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finding IP address of computer

[Chris]

How do I find and print to screen the IP address of the computer my
python program is working on?

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Re: begging for a tree implementation

[DogWalker]

Micah wrote:

> I'm looking for a simple tree implementation: 0-n children, 1 root.
> All the nice methods would be appreciated (getLeaves, isLeaf, isRoot,
> depthfirst, breadthfirst,...)  That's really all I need.  I could code
> one up, but it would take time to debug, and i'm really short on time
> right now.
> 
> Thanks!
> Micah
> 

http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/136529

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Re: Unpacking a list of strings

[Alex Martelli]

Panos Laganakos <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> Is there some other practice than reading all the strings and slicing
> them later?
> 
> They're stored in the form of:
> List Group[10]:
> char[17] name;
> 
> So I thought of doing:
> unpacked = unpack('%s' % (10*17), data)
> 
> And then slicing the list by a step of 17.
> 
> Is there some way to have unpack return a tuple with each element
> holding the name (char[17])?

unpack by formatstring 10*'17s' ...


Alex
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Re: finding IP address of computer

[Gregor Horvath]

Chris schrieb:
> How do I find and print to screen the IP address of the computer my
> python program is working on?
> 

IP adresses are bound to network interfaces not to computers.
One Computer can have multiple network interfaces.

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Re: finding IP address of computer

[BartlebyScrivener]

One way:

>>> import socket
>>> socket.getaddrinfo(socket.gethostname(), None)[0][4][0]

It was the first google hit

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Get all attributes of a com object

[eicwo01]

Without to know the names, is it possible to dump all attributes of a
com object?
from win32com.adsi import *
objDom = ADsOpenObject("LDAP:/ ...
print ???"all attributes"??? of objDom

Thanks
Wolfgang

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Re: not quite 1252

[Anton Vredegoor]

John Machin wrote:

> Firstly, this should be 'content.xml', not 'contents.xml'.

Right, the code doesn't do *anything* :-( Thanks for pointing that out. 
At least it doesn't do much harm either :-|

> Secondly, as pointed out by Sergei, the data is encoded by OOo as UTF-8 
> e.g. what is '\x94' in cp1252 is \u201d which is '\xe2\x80\x9d' in 
> UTF-8. The kill_gremlins function is intended to fix Unicode strings 
> that have been obtained by decoding 8-bit strings using 'latin1' instead 
> of 'cp1252'. When you pump '\xe2\x80\x9c' through the kill_gremlins 
> function, it changes the \x80 to a Euro symbol, and leaves the other two 
> alone. Because the \x9d is not defined in cp1252, it then causes your 
> code to die in a hole when you attempt to encode it as cp1252: 
> UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode character u'\x9d' in 
> position 1761: character maps to 

Yeah, converting to cp1252 was all that was necessary, like Sergei wrote.

> I don't see how this code repairs anything (quite the contrary!), unless 
> there's some side effect of just read/writestr. Enlightenment, please.

You're quite right. I'm extremely embarrassed now. What's left for me is 
just to explain how it got this bad.

First I noticed that by extracting from content.xml using OOopy's 
getiterator function, some \x94 codes were left inside the document.

But that was an *artifact*, because if one prints something using 
s.__repr__() as is used for example when printing a list of strings 
(duh) the output is not the same as when one prints with 'print s'. I 
guess what is called then is str(s).

Ok, now we have that out of the way, I hope.

So I immediately posted a message about conversion errors, assuming 
something in the open office xml file was not quite 1252. In fact it 
wasn't, it was UTF-8 like Sergei wrote, but it was easy to convert it to 
cp1252, no problem.

Then I also noticed that not all xml-tags were printed if I just 
iterated the xml-tree and filtered out only those elements with a text 
attribute, like 'if x.text: print x'

In fact there are a lot of printable things that haven't got a text 
attribute, for example some items with tag ()s.

When F pointed me to gremlins there was on this page the following text:



Some applications add CP1252 (Windows, Western Europe) characters to 
documents marked up as ISO 8859-1 (Latin 1) or other encodings. These 
characters are not valid ISO-8859-1 characters, and may cause all sorts 
of problems in processing and display applications.



I concluded that these \x94 codes (which I didn't know about them being 
a figment of my representation yet) were responsible for my iterator 
skipping over some text elements, but in fact the iterator skipped them 
because they had no text attribute even though they were somehow 
containing text.

Now add my natural tendency to see that what I think is the case rather 
than neutrally observing the world as it is into the mix and of course I 
saw the \x94 disappear (but that was because I now was printing them 
straight and not indirectly as elements of a list) and also I thought 
that now the xml-parsing 'errors' had disappeared but that was just 
because I saw some text element appear that I thought I hadn't seen 
before (but in fact it was there all the time).

One man's enlightenment sometimes is another's embarrassment, or so it 
seems. Thanks to you all clearing up my perceptions, and sorry about all 
the confusion I created.

What I want to know next is how to access and print the elements that 
contain text but have no text attribute, that is, if it's not to taxing 
on my badly damaged ego.

Anton







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Re: finding IP address of computer

[Chris]

hehe, works a charm, cheers mate.

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Re: Twisted and Tkinter

[Chris]

Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python24\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1345, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
TypeError: unbound method sendMessage() must be called with ChatFactory
instance
 as first argument (got nothing instead)

I have simplified the code as well, now attached below:

from twisted.internet import reactor
from twisted.internet.protocol import Protocol, ClientFactory
from twisted.protocols.basic import LineReceiver
from Tkinter import *
from twisted.internet import tksupport

class ChatClient(LineReceiver):

def connectionMade(self):
self.sendLine("Hello server")

def lineReceived(self, line):
print line

def connectionLost(self, reason):
pass


class ChatFactory(ClientFactory):

protocol = ChatClient

def clientConnectionFailed(self, connector, reason):
reactor.stop()

def clientConnectionLost(self, connector, reason):
reactor.stop()

def sendMessage(self):
self.sendLine("Test")

root = Tk()
b1 = Button(root,text="Send")
b1.configure(command=ChatFactory.sendMessage)
b1.pack()
tksupport.install(root)

reactor.connectTCP('localhost',8886,ChatFactory())
reactor.run()

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ILOG Server integration

[adam]

Does anybody have experiences of Python and ILOG Server (distribution
framework) integration?
I need to access to a server application "exposed" through ILOG Server.

Thanks
Vieri

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Re: Get all attributes of a com object

[bruno at modulix]

eicwo01 wrote:
> Without to know the names, is it possible to dump all attributes of a
> com object?
> from win32com.adsi import *


from module import * is Bad(tm)


> objDom = ADsOpenObject("LDAP:/ ...
> print ???"all attributes"??? of objDom

Look at dir() and the inspect module.

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python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'.split('@')])"
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pytiff for windows

[Iain King]

Does anyone have a link for a compiled-for-windows version of pytiff?
(or alternatively tell me how to get PIL to save a multipage tiff).

Iain

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Re: writing some lines after reading goes wrong on windows？

[harveysthomas]

If you are opening a file for read and write access use "rb+" or "wb+".
Seeking and subsequent read/write will then work fine. Without the "b",
 Windows opens the file in its "text" mode. Don't seek on files opened
in "text" mode.

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Re: Twisted and Tkinter

[Fredrik Lundh]

Chris wrote:

> Exception in Tkinter callback
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "C:\Python24\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1345, in __call__
> return self.func(*args)
> TypeError: unbound method sendMessage() must be called with ChatFactory
> instance as first argument (got nothing instead)

that's another error message, of course...
>

> class ChatFactory(ClientFactory):
>
> protocol = ChatClient
>
> def clientConnectionFailed(self, connector, reason):
> reactor.stop()
>
> def clientConnectionLost(self, connector, reason):
> reactor.stop()
>
> def sendMessage(self):
> self.sendLine("Test")
>
> root = Tk()
> b1 = Button(root,text="Send")
> b1.configure(command=ChatFactory.sendMessage)

umm.  what is that line supposed to do ?

if the purpose is to call the sendMessage method of the Chat-
Message instance you're passing to connectTCP, it's probably
better to create the instance first:

chat = ChatFactory()

root = Tk()
b1 = Button(root,text="Send")
b1.configure(command=chat.sendMessage)
b1.pack()
tksupport.install(root)

reactor.connectTCP('localhost',8886,chat)
reactor.run()





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Re: Type-Def-ing Python

[Aahz]

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Alex Martelli <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
><[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>   ...
>> Brett Cannon's thesis in which he tweaks the compiler and shows that
>> type-defing python would not help the compiler achieve a 5% performace
>> increase.
>> 
>> Brett Cannon, "Localized Type Inference of Atomic Types in Python":
>> http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~bac/thesis.pdf
>> 
>> I was wondering if anyone had his contact information so that I could
>> might ask him for his source code and try to use type-defing as a
>> bug-finder.
>
>Brett is active on Python-Dev, so post there and you're likely to get a
>response from him -- your subject is not OT for that list, anyway!

Oh, so this is why we got an off-topic post on python-dev.  Shouldn't you
have told him to use Google?...  ;-)
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how do I make a class global?

[Tom Brown]

Hi,

I thought it would be nifty to create a class that created other classes for 
me. The method below shows what I would like to do. The problem is that the 
class the method creates is local to the method. Is it possible to make the 
class visible in the global scope so I can import the module see the 
dynamically created classes? Or do I need to generate a source file and do a 
'from tmp import *'?

def new(self, eventType, param):
self.value += 1
exec 'global %s; %s = %d' % (eventType, eventType, self.value)
sl = []
sl.append('class %sEvent(QEvent):' % eventType)
sl.append('  def __init__(self, %s):' % param)
sl.append('QEvent.__init__(self, %s)' % evenType)
sl.append('self.%s = %s' % (param, param))
source = '\n'.join(sl)
co = compile(source, 'tmp.py', 'exec')
exec co

Then, to create another event, I would just have to add another line like 
this:
e.new('ETestEvent', 'test')

Thanks,
Tom
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gcc errors

[Chris Pesarchick]

I installed the Universal Mac OSX binary for Python 2.4.3
When I execute 'python setup.py install' for any of my applications  
that I need to build, I get errors like the following:

gcc -arch ppc -arch i386 -isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk - 
fno-strict-aliasing -Wno-long-double -no-cpp-precomp -mno-fused-madd - 
fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -DHAVE_LIBJPEG -DHAVE_LIBZ - 
DWORDS_BIGENDIAN -I/System/Library/Frameworks/Tcl.framework/Headers - 
I/System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Headers -IlibImaging -I/sw/ 
include -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4/include - 
I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include -I/Library/Frameworks/ 
Python.framework/Versions/2.4/include/python2.4 -c _imaging.c -o  
build/temp.macosx-10.4-fat-2.4/_imaging.o
gcc: installation problem, cannot exec 'i686-apple-darwin8- 
gcc-4.0.0': No such file or directory


I am on a powerpc and it always thinks I'm on an intel box.
What do I have to do so that it only cares about the powerpc?


Thanks,
Chris


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Re: pytiff for windows

[Michele Petrazzo]

Iain King wrote:

<-cut pytiff->

> (or alternatively tell me how to get PIL to save a multipage tiff).
> 

PIL can't.

If you need to work with multi-page images (tiff and others), you can
use freeimagepy (freeimagepy.sf.net)

>>> import FreeImagePy as FIPY lst_names = ("/tmp/f1.png",
>>> "/tmp/f2.jpg") F = FIPY.freeimage() 
>>> F.convertToMultiPage(lst_names, "out.tif", FIPY.FIF_TIFF)
(0, 'All ok!! File saved on out.tif')


> Iain
> 

Michele
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