[R] Complex to polar?
I am using fft(x) to compute the fft of a real-valued sequence. This returns (as expected an array of complex numbers. Is ther an R function to transform these complex numbers into two arrays for the magnitude and phase? Basically polar notation? Thank you. Kevin __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Complex to polar?
Please read ?complex. On Sun, 27 Jul 2008, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I am using fft(x) to compute the fft of a real-valued sequence. This returns (as expected an array of complex numbers. Is ther an R function to transform these complex numbers into two arrays for the magnitude and phase? Basically polar notation? Thank you. Kevin __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. PLEASE do. -- Brian D. Ripley, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/ University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self) 1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA) Oxford OX1 3TG, UKFax: +44 1865 272595 __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] S4 : setGeneric for classical methods
Martin Maechler [EMAIL PROTECTED] a écrit :
CG == Christophe Genolini [EMAIL PROTECTED]
on Sat, 26 Jul 2008 12:12:12 +0200 writes:
CG Martin Maechler [EMAIL PROTECTED] a écrit :
CG == Christophe Genolini [EMAIL PROTECTED]
on Tue, 22 Jul 2008 19:04:37 +0200 writes:
CG Prof Brian Ripley [EMAIL PROTECTED] a écrit :
On Tue, 22 Jul 2008, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hi the list (well, half of the list, only the one who
are not on holidays...)
I am trying to make an S4 package. When I run it on a
console, everything seems ok. When I run R CMD check, I
got an error --- 8
--
Error in setMethod(plot, ClassX, function(x, y) { :
no existing definition for function plot --- 8
--
If I add
setGeneric(plot,function(x,y,...){standardGeneric(plot)})
in my code, then everything is OK.
This is a surprise for me since I taught that we do not
need to redefine as generic the function that are
already generic, like plot. Am I wrong ?
Yes. And do read the error message. It says
no existing definition for function plot
so this is not if the function is S3 or S4 generic, but
that no such function is visible.
Looks like you forgot to declare a dependence on (or
import) package graphics.
CG I would have forgot if I knew that I have to declare
CG such a dependence... Do we have to declare all the
CG depence to all the package ? To base ? To stats ?
not to base, but to all other packages (since R can be loaded
without any packages but base).
CG I thaught that the package that are include in R when we
CG start it had not to be include.
You thought wrongly, and all our documentation mentions that you
need to use 'Depends:' correctly (and 'Imports(..)' in
NAMESPACE if you make use of one).
{and please strongly note the correct spelling of thought !}
Martin
CG I correct DESCRIPTION and NAMESPACE adding Depends and import.
CG But I still get the message :
CG checking for missing documentation entries ... WARNING
CG Undocumented S4 methods:
CG generic 'plot' and siglist 'ClassX'
CG I can't find what is wrong...
well, it's a message about *documentation*
and therefore not related to DESCRIPTION
and not much related to NAMESPACE.
It tells you that you don't have correct documentation for the
plot method for ClassX.
What if I don't want to document this method? I did not put ClassX in
the export, I do not want the user to acces to it.
I want :
plot,ClassX-method - private
ClassY-class - public
plot,ClassY-method - public
Is it possible ?
Christophe
-- Writing R Extensions,
section 2.1.3 'Documenting S4 classes and methods'
Regards,
Martin
CG - DESCRIPTION - Package: packS4
CG Type: Package
CG Title: Toy example of S4 package
CG Version: 0.5
CG Date: 2008-07-22
CG Author: Christophe Genolini / INSERM U669
CG Maintainer: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
CG Description: Package built to illustration package
construction with S4
CG License: GPL (=2)
CG LazyLoad: yes
CG Depends: methods, graphics
CG Collate: global.R ClassX.R ClassY.R ClassX-ClassY.R ClassZ.R
CG -- NAMESPACE --
CG export(
CG classZ,
CG functionClassicA
CG )
CG exportMethods(
CG getZ1,
CG setZ1-,
CG publicA,
CG plot
CG )
CG exportClasses(
CG ClassY,
CG ClassZ
CG )
CG import(graphics)
CG Christophe
CG
CG Ce message a ete envoye par IMP, grace a l'Universite Paris 10
Nanterre
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[R] Retain plot?
Every time I issue a plot command it removes the current plot and replaces it with the plot that I just issued. I would like to keep both plots. I looked in the documentation and found plot.new but was unable to get it to work. I think I want that functionality. Any suggestions? Thank you. Kevin __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] A easy way to write formula
Hi I have a data frame, including x1, x2, x3, and y. I use lm() to fit second-order linear model, like the following: ft - lm(y ~ x1 + x2 + x3 + I(x1 * x1) + I(x1 * x2) + I(x1 * x3) + I(x2 * x2) + I(x2 * x3) + I(x3 * x3), mydata) if the independent variable number is large, the formula will be very long. Is there a easy way to write formula like the above one? I have read the R introduction, however, I don't find a easy way. Any hints will be appreciated. Thanks, Jinsong __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Color of box frame in Legend (Was: Matrix barplot)
On Sun, 27 Jul 2008, S Ellison wrote:
Looking at the legend() source the filled box line colour is hardcoded :
if (mfill) {
if (plot) {
fill - rep(fill, length.out = n.leg)
rect2(left = xt, top = yt + ybox/2, dx = xbox, dy = ybox,
col = fill, density = density, angle = angle,
border = black)
}
xt - xt + dx.fill
}
... so it looks like you can have any colour as long as it's black.
Ups, but this is a bug, isn't it? Why is this black hardcoded?
However, you could copy the legend code (type legendCR to see it, then
paste it into a text editor, modify the black to, say, par(fg) or
even add your own extra parameter to the function, then just paste the
function back into your own version.
I could try this for the moment - but where can I report this as a bug?
Kind regards
Andreas.
--
http://fam-tille.de
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Re: [R] Weighted variance function?
ur prog gives following result:
weighted.var(c(1,-1), c(0.5,0.5))
[1] 2
is it ok?
On Thu, Jul 24, 2008 at 7:57 PM, Gavin Simpson [EMAIL PROTECTED]wrote:
On Thu, 2008-07-24 at 02:25 +0530, Arun Kumar Saha wrote:
There is a R function to calculate weighted mean : weighted.mean() under
stats package. Is there any direct R function for calculating weighted
variance as well?
Here are two ways; weighted.var() is via the usual formula and
weighted.var2() uses a running sums approach. The formulae for which are
both on the weighted mean entry page on wikipedia for example.
The removal of NA is as per weighted.mean, but I have not included any
of the sanity checks that that functions contains.
weighted.var - function(x, w, na.rm = FALSE) {
if (na.rm) {
w - w[i - !is.na(x)]
x - x[i]
}
sum.w - sum(w)
sum.w2 - sum(w^2)
mean.w - sum(x * w) / sum(w)
(sum.w / (sum.w^2 - sum.w2)) * sum(w * (x - mean.w)^2, na.rm =
na.rm)
}
weighted.var2 - function(x, w, na.rm = FALSE) {
if (na.rm) {
w - w[i - !is.na(x)]
x - x[i]
}
sum.w - sum(w)
(sum(w*x^2) * sum.w - sum(w*x)^2) / (sum.w^2 - sum(w^2))
}
## from example section in ?weighted.mean
## GPA from Siegel 1994
wt - c(5, 5, 4, 1)/15
x - c(3.7,3.3,3.5,2.8)
weighted.mean(x,wt)
weighted.var(x, wt)
weighted.var2(x, wt)
And some timings:
system.time(replicate(10, weighted.var(x, wt)))
user system elapsed
2.679 0.014 2.820
system.time(replicate(10, weighted.var2(x, wt)))
user system elapsed
2.224 0.010 2.315
HTH
G
--
%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%
Dr. Gavin Simpson [t] +44 (0)20 7679 0522
ECRC, UCL Geography, [f] +44 (0)20 7679 0565
Pearson Building, [e] gavin.simpsonATNOSPAMucl.ac.uk
Gower Street, London [w]
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucfagls/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/%7Eucfagls/
UK. WC1E 6BT. [w] http://www.freshwaters.org.uk
%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%
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Re: [R] Transfer Function Modeling
Hi, I would like to know how to build the transfer function modeling for bivariate time series data. I tried searching for relevant threads, but could not find much help with it. Thanks Ashish [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Lattice wireframe: How to avoid drawing lines around polygons when using shade=TRUE
On Sun, 27 Jul 2008 05:00:48 +, Oliver M. Haynold wrote: I am using wireframe from the lattice package, with the shade option set to TRUE. When I output to PDF or Postscript, a line gets drawn around each polygon of my surface which causes ugly Moiré effects and doesn't make sense in my application (think the plot of Maunga Whau--gridlines don't make sense). This does not happen when I display on the screen-- then I just get the surface as intended. I have done some research on the problem. On inspection of the PDF file generated by lattice, it turns out that it does not actually contain any instructions to draw lines between the triangles of the surface plot. Yet, Evince and Acrobat Reader both show these lines, with disagreeable consequences for printing and screen display. Ghostscript, however, does not and renders the surface as a solid block, as it should be. Thus, a workaround for the problem is to put the file generated by lattice through Ghostscript and to convert it into a high-resolution image file. The most likely reason for the problem I can think of is that the triangles generated by lattice don't overlap but just border each other. This might cause some renderers to leave a little space between them. If this explanation is correct, a solution would be to have lattice, or specifically wireframePanelCalculations, plot the triangles with a tiny bit of overlap. Best, Oliver __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] A easy way to write formula
(x1 + x2 + x3) ^2 will give you the main effects and the interactions. So this will shorten your equation to ft - lm(y ~ (x1 + x2 + x3) ^2 + I(x1 * x1)+ I(x2 * x2) + I(x3 * x3), mydata) HTH, Thierry ir. Thierry Onkelinx Instituut voor natuur- en bosonderzoek / Research Institute for Nature and Forest Cel biometrie, methodologie en kwaliteitszorg / Section biometrics, methodology and quality assurance Gaverstraat 4 9500 Geraardsbergen Belgium tel. + 32 54/436 185 [EMAIL PROTECTED] www.inbo.be To call in the statistician after the experiment is done may be no more than asking him to perform a post-mortem examination: he may be able to say what the experiment died of. ~ Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher The plural of anecdote is not data. ~ Roger Brinner The combination of some data and an aching desire for an answer does not ensure that a reasonable answer can be extracted from a given body of data. ~ John Tukey -Oorspronkelijk bericht- Van: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Namens Jinsong Zhao Verzonden: zondag 27 juli 2008 9:39 Aan: r-help@r-project.org Onderwerp: [R] A easy way to write formula Hi I have a data frame, including x1, x2, x3, and y. I use lm() to fit second-order linear model, like the following: ft - lm(y ~ x1 + x2 + x3 + I(x1 * x1) + I(x1 * x2) + I(x1 * x3) + I(x2 * x2) + I(x2 * x3) + I(x3 * x3), mydata) if the independent variable number is large, the formula will be very long. Is there a easy way to write formula like the above one? I have read the R introduction, however, I don't find a easy way. Any hints will be appreciated. Thanks, Jinsong __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Retain plot?
Kevin, Open a new plot window before plotting the second plot. plot(rnorm(10), runif(10)) X11() plot(rnorm(10), runif(10)) HTH, Thierry ir. Thierry Onkelinx Instituut voor natuur- en bosonderzoek / Research Institute for Nature and Forest Cel biometrie, methodologie en kwaliteitszorg / Section biometrics, methodology and quality assurance Gaverstraat 4 9500 Geraardsbergen Belgium tel. + 32 54/436 185 [EMAIL PROTECTED] www.inbo.be To call in the statistician after the experiment is done may be no more than asking him to perform a post-mortem examination: he may be able to say what the experiment died of. ~ Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher The plural of anecdote is not data. ~ Roger Brinner The combination of some data and an aching desire for an answer does not ensure that a reasonable answer can be extracted from a given body of data. ~ John Tukey -Oorspronkelijk bericht- Van: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Namens [EMAIL PROTECTED] Verzonden: zondag 27 juli 2008 9:34 Aan: r-help@r-project.org Onderwerp: [R] Retain plot? Every time I issue a plot command it removes the current plot and replaces it with the plot that I just issued. I would like to keep both plots. I looked in the documentation and found plot.new but was unable to get it to work. I think I want that functionality. Any suggestions? Thank you. Kevin __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] A easy way to write formula
Hi Jinsong and Thierry, (x1 + x2 + x3) ^2 will give you the main effects and the interactions. Although it wasn't specifically requested it is perhaps important to note that (...)^2 doesn't expand to give _all_ interaction terms, only interactions to the second order, so the interaction term x1:x2:x3 will be missing, To get these, do (x1 + x2 + x3)^3 Regards, Mark. ONKELINX, Thierry wrote: (x1 + x2 + x3) ^2 will give you the main effects and the interactions. So this will shorten your equation to ft - lm(y ~ (x1 + x2 + x3) ^2 + I(x1 * x1)+ I(x2 * x2) + I(x3 * x3), mydata) HTH, Thierry ir. Thierry Onkelinx Instituut voor natuur- en bosonderzoek / Research Institute for Nature and Forest Cel biometrie, methodologie en kwaliteitszorg / Section biometrics, methodology and quality assurance Gaverstraat 4 9500 Geraardsbergen Belgium tel. + 32 54/436 185 [EMAIL PROTECTED] www.inbo.be To call in the statistician after the experiment is done may be no more than asking him to perform a post-mortem examination: he may be able to say what the experiment died of. ~ Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher The plural of anecdote is not data. ~ Roger Brinner The combination of some data and an aching desire for an answer does not ensure that a reasonable answer can be extracted from a given body of data. ~ John Tukey -Oorspronkelijk bericht- Van: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Namens Jinsong Zhao Verzonden: zondag 27 juli 2008 9:39 Aan: r-help@r-project.org Onderwerp: [R] A easy way to write formula Hi I have a data frame, including x1, x2, x3, and y. I use lm() to fit second-order linear model, like the following: ft - lm(y ~ x1 + x2 + x3 + I(x1 * x1) + I(x1 * x2) + I(x1 * x3) + I(x2 * x2) + I(x2 * x3) + I(x3 * x3), mydata) if the independent variable number is large, the formula will be very long. Is there a easy way to write formula like the above one? I have read the R introduction, however, I don't find a easy way. Any hints will be appreciated. Thanks, Jinsong __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/A-easy-way-to-write-formula-tp18674075p18674632.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Weighted variance function?
I feel there is something wrong in definition in weighted variance.
Say for a fair dice the variance of outcome should be : 2.92 (
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance)
However if I use cov.wt() or weighted.var() by Gavin, I get :
cov.wt(as.data.frame(1:6), rep(0.6, 6))
$cov
1:6
1:6 3.5
$center
1:6
3.5
$n.obs
[1] 6
$wt
[1] 0.167 0.167 0.167 0.167 0.167 0.167
i.e. 3.5
Therefore if I want to calculate Variance for a r.v. with different prob for
different values then should not use those formulae. Is it the case?
On Sun, Jul 27, 2008 at 2:30 PM, Patrick Burns [EMAIL PROTECTED]wrote:
Have you seen 'cov.wt'?
Patrick Burns
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
+44 (0)20 8525 0696
http://www.burns-stat.com
(home of S Poetry and A Guide for the Unwilling S User)
Arun Kumar Saha wrote:
ur prog gives following result:
weighted.var(c(1,-1), c(0.5,0.5))
[1] 2
is it ok?
On Thu, Jul 24, 2008 at 7:57 PM, Gavin Simpson [EMAIL PROTECTED]
wrote:
On Thu, 2008-07-24 at 02:25 +0530, Arun Kumar Saha wrote:
There is a R function to calculate weighted mean : weighted.mean() under
stats package. Is there any direct R function for calculating weighted
variance as well?
Here are two ways; weighted.var() is via the usual formula and
weighted.var2() uses a running sums approach. The formulae for which are
both on the weighted mean entry page on wikipedia for example.
The removal of NA is as per weighted.mean, but I have not included any
of the sanity checks that that functions contains.
weighted.var - function(x, w, na.rm = FALSE) {
if (na.rm) {
w - w[i - !is.na(x)]
x - x[i]
}
sum.w - sum(w)
sum.w2 - sum(w^2)
mean.w - sum(x * w) / sum(w)
(sum.w / (sum.w^2 - sum.w2)) * sum(w * (x - mean.w)^2, na.rm =
na.rm)
}
weighted.var2 - function(x, w, na.rm = FALSE) {
if (na.rm) {
w - w[i - !is.na(x)]
x - x[i]
}
sum.w - sum(w)
(sum(w*x^2) * sum.w - sum(w*x)^2) / (sum.w^2 - sum(w^2))
}
## from example section in ?weighted.mean
## GPA from Siegel 1994
wt - c(5, 5, 4, 1)/15
x - c(3.7,3.3,3.5,2.8)
weighted.mean(x,wt)
weighted.var(x, wt)
weighted.var2(x, wt)
And some timings:
system.time(replicate(10, weighted.var(x, wt)))
user system elapsed
2.679 0.014 2.820
system.time(replicate(10, weighted.var2(x, wt)))
user system elapsed
2.224 0.010 2.315
HTH
G
--
%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%
Dr. Gavin Simpson [t] +44 (0)20 7679 0522
ECRC, UCL Geography, [f] +44 (0)20 7679 0565
Pearson Building, [e] gavin.simpsonATNOSPAMucl.ac.uk
Gower Street, London [w]
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucfagls/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/%7Eucfagls/
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/%7Eucfagls/
UK. WC1E 6BT. [w] http://www.freshwaters.org.uk
%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%
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http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
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PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Weighted variance function?
oh now I got, R is taking unbiased estimator, anyways thanks
On Sun, Jul 27, 2008 at 2:54 PM, Arun Kumar Saha
[EMAIL PROTECTED]wrote:
I feel there is something wrong in definition in weighted variance.
Say for a fair dice the variance of outcome should be : 2.92 (
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance)
However if I use cov.wt() or weighted.var() by Gavin, I get :
cov.wt(as.data.frame(1:6), rep(0.6, 6))
$cov
1:6
1:6 3.5
$center
1:6
3.5
$n.obs
[1] 6
$wt
[1] 0.167 0.167 0.167 0.167 0.167 0.167
i.e. 3.5
Therefore if I want to calculate Variance for a r.v. with different prob
for different values then should not use those formulae. Is it the case?
On Sun, Jul 27, 2008 at 2:30 PM, Patrick Burns [EMAIL PROTECTED]wrote:
Have you seen 'cov.wt'?
Patrick Burns
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
+44 (0)20 8525 0696
http://www.burns-stat.com
(home of S Poetry and A Guide for the Unwilling S User)
Arun Kumar Saha wrote:
ur prog gives following result:
weighted.var(c(1,-1), c(0.5,0.5))
[1] 2
is it ok?
On Thu, Jul 24, 2008 at 7:57 PM, Gavin Simpson [EMAIL PROTECTED]
wrote:
On Thu, 2008-07-24 at 02:25 +0530, Arun Kumar Saha wrote:
There is a R function to calculate weighted mean : weighted.mean()
under
stats package. Is there any direct R function for calculating weighted
variance as well?
Here are two ways; weighted.var() is via the usual formula and
weighted.var2() uses a running sums approach. The formulae for which are
both on the weighted mean entry page on wikipedia for example.
The removal of NA is as per weighted.mean, but I have not included any
of the sanity checks that that functions contains.
weighted.var - function(x, w, na.rm = FALSE) {
if (na.rm) {
w - w[i - !is.na(x)]
x - x[i]
}
sum.w - sum(w)
sum.w2 - sum(w^2)
mean.w - sum(x * w) / sum(w)
(sum.w / (sum.w^2 - sum.w2)) * sum(w * (x - mean.w)^2, na.rm =
na.rm)
}
weighted.var2 - function(x, w, na.rm = FALSE) {
if (na.rm) {
w - w[i - !is.na(x)]
x - x[i]
}
sum.w - sum(w)
(sum(w*x^2) * sum.w - sum(w*x)^2) / (sum.w^2 - sum(w^2))
}
## from example section in ?weighted.mean
## GPA from Siegel 1994
wt - c(5, 5, 4, 1)/15
x - c(3.7,3.3,3.5,2.8)
weighted.mean(x,wt)
weighted.var(x, wt)
weighted.var2(x, wt)
And some timings:
system.time(replicate(10, weighted.var(x, wt)))
user system elapsed
2.679 0.014 2.820
system.time(replicate(10, weighted.var2(x, wt)))
user system elapsed
2.224 0.010 2.315
HTH
G
--
%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%
Dr. Gavin Simpson [t] +44 (0)20 7679 0522
ECRC, UCL Geography, [f] +44 (0)20 7679 0565
Pearson Building, [e] gavin.simpsonATNOSPAMucl.ac.uk
Gower Street, London [w]
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucfagls/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/%7Eucfagls/
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/%7Eucfagls/
UK. WC1E 6BT. [w] http://www.freshwaters.org.uk
%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%~%
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Re: [R] GLS no terms component error
Thank you, Bill. I think I misread some text in my statistics handbook. This has helped to clear it up. Sorry for taking up your time and thank you for replying. M. Grace Quoting [EMAIL PROTECTED]: The help file for dwtest says formula: a symbolic description for the model to be tested (or a fitted lm object). It is not clear from your message, but it would seem that you used fitp2 as the argument to dwtest. (In any case, this gives the error message you quote?) But fitp2 is neither a formula, nor is it an object ineriting from lm. Why did you expect dwtest to work on a gls object? Bill Venables CSIRO Laboratories PO Box 120, Cleveland, 4163 AUSTRALIA Office Phone (email preferred): +61 7 3826 7251 Fax (if absolutely necessary): +61 7 3826 7304 Mobile: +61 4 8819 4402 Home Phone: +61 7 3286 7700 mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.cmis.csiro.au/bill.venables/ -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Sunday, 27 July 2008 6:26 AM To: r-help@r-project.org Subject: [R] GLS no terms component error Hi, I want to test for independence in my GLS model fitp2, but when I try to use the dwtest function in the lmtest library, I get the error message Error in terms.default(formula) : no terms component. The model and data set are below. Any suggestions would be really helpful! Thanks a lot in advance, M. Grace fitp2: fitp2-gls(V3_total~D_total+P_total,data=pdata,weights=varPower()) based on the data set pdata: pdata D_total V3_total P_total 1 75 158000 302.033 2 221 258000 126.664 3 1050 28 538.547 4 8100 208000 1090.068 522100 235000 2038.937 6 5300 57 2626.226 7 3250 454000 2326.473 8 6540 169000 5613.525 9 5248 247000 6011.532 10 22484 542000 15140.006 11 30841 53 13324.048 127480 497000 10481.812 132664 467000 5776.274 14 432 285000 1849.763 -- University of St Andrews Webmail: https://webmail.st-andrews.ac.uk __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. -- University of St Andrews Webmail: https://webmail.st-andrews.ac.uk __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] re sponse surface analysis
There appears to be a very promising response surface package being discussed at useR-2008, but I have been unable to find the package on CRAN or contact the authors. www.statistik.uni-dortmund.de/useR-2008/abstracts/Sztendur+Diamond.pdf Tom Jinsong Zhao wrote: Hi, Is there a package that could do response surface analysis equivalent to SAS RSREG procedure? Thanks! Regards, Jinsong __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/response-surface-analysis-tp18666106p18675308.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Object-oriented programming in R for Java programmers?
Hi, I was wondering if anybody might have a reference for me: My R code is growing and getting more and more confusing. Thus, I figure it's time to switch to object-oriented again. I have done oo programming in C++ and Java before but the first few tutorial on R oo were a bit confusing for me. Is there any brief tutorial on oo programming in R especially for people who have done oo in Java or C++ before? That would be really helpful. Many thanks and have a great Sunday, Werner __ Dem pfiffigeren Posteingang. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] response surface analysis
Tom La Bone wrote: There appears to be a very promising response surface package being discussed at useR-2008, but I have been unable to find the package on CRAN or contact the authors. www.statistik.uni-dortmund.de/useR-2008/abstracts/Sztendur+Diamond.pdf Tom Thanks for pointing me to this. From the poster, it's what I try to find. Hope the authors could upload rsm package to CRAN as early as possible. Regards, Jinsong __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] equivalent R functions for Numerical Recipes fitxy and fitexy ?
Dear Folks, We need to fit the model y~x assuming there are random errors in both x and y. Numerical Recipes (Press et al.) have two useful functions, fitxy and fitexy, which handle cases of unspecified and specified errors respectively. Are there equivalent functions in base R or a installable package? Alternatively, has anyone written a wrapper to provide an interface to a library of Numerical Recipes routines constructed for Linux? Kind regards, Marc __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Link functions in SEM
Is it possible to fit a structural equation model with link functions in R? I am trying to build a logistic-regression-like model in sem, because incorporating the dichotomous variables linearly seems inappropriate. Mplus can do something similar by specifying a 'link' parameter, but I would like to be able to do it in R, ofcourse. I have explored the 'sem' package from John Fox, but it does not seem to be able to fit non-linear relations. Is there some R-package or way to get this done? I have also considered creating a seperate latent variable in the sem model for the systematic component of the predictors, but then I still need a way to fix a non-linear link from the systematic component to the dichotomous Y variable. -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/Link-functions-in-SEM-tp18679236p18679236.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Colors in Sweave
Hi list,
I was using Sweave and was wondering if anyone has had any luck changing the
font colors of the code chunks. For instance, in my .Rnw preample I tried
including:
===
\usepackage[usenames]{colors}
\definecolor{darkred}{rgb}{0.545,0,0}
\definecolor{midnightblue}{rgb}{0.098,0.098,0.439}
\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Sinput}{Verbatim}{fontshape=sl,formatcom={\color{midnightblue}}}
\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Soutput}{Verbatim}{formatcom={\color{darkred}}}
\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Scode}{Verbatim}{fontshape=sl,formatcom={\color{blue}}}
===
which works in the sense that colors do show up in the processed pdf document,
but extra spaces in between the input and output code chunks appear (which is
not the case when colors are not specified), resulting in a long document with
many blank lines.
Alternatively, in the resulting tex document I replaced all instances of
\begin{Sinput}... \end{Sinput} with {\color{midnightblue}\begin{Sinput} ...
\end{Sinput}} and darkred for Soutput and so on. When I do this, I get the
following error message:
=== LaTeX excerpt ===
\begin{Schunk}
{\color{midnightblue}\begin{Sinput}
ISOdatetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, ) - ISOdatetime(1970, 1, 1,
+ 0, 0, 0, GMT)
\end{Sinput}}
{\color{darkred}\begin{Soutput}
Time difference of 8 hours
\end{Soutput}}
\end{Schunk}
===
=== error message ===
)
! FancyVerb Error:
Extraneous input `}\end{}' between \end{Sinput} and line end
.
[EMAIL PROTECTED] ... {FancyVerb Error:
\space \space #1
}
l.13 \end{Sinput}}
===
I guess I don't know enough of the Schunk/Sinput/Soutput definitions to toy
with it and was wondering if anyone had tried something similar.
Thanks!
Stephen
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Re: [R] Object-oriented programming in R for Java programmers?
Werner Wernersen [EMAIL PROTECTED] [Sun, Jul 27, 2008 at 01:55:26PM CEST]: [...] Is there any brief tutorial on oo programming in R especially for people who have done oo in Java or C++ before? That would be really helpful. How S4 methods work highlights the differences between R's function-centric approach to OO and the class-centric approach highlighted by languages such as C++. This 10-page article is written by John Chambers. -- Johannes Hüsing There is something fascinating about science. One gets such wholesale returns of conjecture mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] from such a trifling investment of fact. http://derwisch.wikidot.com (Mark Twain, Life on the Mississippi) __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] melting a list: basic question
Is it possible to install your development version of reshape? I could not find it alongside of ggplot2 on github. Not yet, but I'm working on it. If not, I've added ... in the method for the current version and it seems to work for me. Yes, that's the exact change I made. Thanks! Hadley -- http://had.co.nz/ __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] A easy way to write formula
On Sun, Jul 27, 2008 at 4:19 AM, Mark Difford [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi Jinsong and Thierry, (x1 + x2 + x3) ^2 will give you the main effects and the interactions. Although it wasn't specifically requested it is perhaps important to note that (...)^2 doesn't expand to give _all_ interaction terms, only interactions to the second order, so the interaction term x1:x2:x3 will be missing, To get these, do (x1 + x2 + x3)^3 Or just x1 * x2 * x3 Hadley -- http://had.co.nz/ __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] 64-bit R on Mac OS X 10.5.4
Hi Matt Your method is the easiest way for me to install the 64-bit R. I followed the directions on your web site and then did the following: R --arch=x86_64 source(http://bioconductor.org/biocLite.R;) biocLite(type = source,lib = /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/2.8/Resources/RLib64) I got many errors and warnings which I copied to the attached file. Any suggestions on how to fix the errors will be appreciated. Thank you for your help Joseph sessionInfo() R version 2.8.0 Under development (unstable) (2008-07-24 r46120) i386-apple-darwin9.4.0 locale: en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/C/C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8 attached base packages: [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base loaded via a namespace (and not attached): [1] tools_2.8.0 This is the computer I am using: Hardware Overview: Model Name:Mac Pro Model Identifier:MacPro1,1 Processor Name:Dual-Core Intel Xeon Processor Speed:2.66 GHz Number Of Processors:2 Total Number Of Cores:4 L2 Cache (per processor):4 MB Memory:20 GB Bus Speed:1.33 GHz Boot ROM Version:MP11.005C.B08 SMC Version:1.7f10 Serial Number:G87052SGUPZ System Software Overview: System Version:Mac OS X 10.5.4 (9E17) Kernel Version:Darwin 9.4.0 Boot Volume:Macintosh HD Boot Mode:Normal - Original Message From: Matthew Keller [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: Steven McKinney [EMAIL PROTECTED] Cc: joseph [EMAIL PROTECTED]; r-help@r-project.org Sent: Saturday, July 26, 2008 9:15:41 AM Subject: Re: [R] 64-bit R on Mac OS X 10.4.5 Hi Joseph, For what it is worth (which might not be that much!), I have written down step by step instructions on my website for getting 64 bit R working under Leopard - it should be much different with Tiger: http://www.matthewckeller.com/html/64_bit_r_on_mac.html. I think it'll work but there may be some mistakes in there. I'd be happy to take suggestions... Matt On Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 7:23 PM, Steven McKinney [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello I haven't found better instructions, it's just not an easy thing to do. You might also consider joining the r-sig-mac group and reviewing threads there for additional information. Rather than try to configure, make and install with one giant command, I'd suggest breaking the task down until you have worked out all the details. Then you can build more routinely with giant commands such as the one you report below. Note that the page of the URL you posted says this: R on Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) so look around the r.research.att.com website for older 10.4 related instructions. OS X 10.5 is different enough from 10.4 that copying and pasting the 10.5 instructions will not work everywhere. You don't say what kind of computer you have (Intel or PowerPC), if you have a power pc then -arch x86_64 is not right. So do report your hardware configuration as well as your operating system configuration. Try breaking up the build process into steps and review the messages generated at each step. e.g. the configure step: Just do these bits cd rd64 ../R-devel/configure SHELL='/bin/bash' \ r_arch=x86_64 \ CC=gcc -arch x86_64 -std=gnu99 \ CXX=g++ -arch x86_64 \ OBJC=gcc -arch x86_64 \ F77=gfortran -arch x86_64 \ FC=gfortran -arch x86_64 \ --with-system-zlib \ --with-blas='-framework vecLib' \ --with-lapack 1 configure.R.txt 21 The end bits of this version of the configure command redirect output and error messages to a file that you can then read, to see which bits you are missing and which bits cause problems. It's tough to catch those as they scroll by in a terminal window. If configure runs without any signs of trouble, try the make. make 1 make.R.txt 21 Then you can review all the make output for signs of problems and error messages. Here's a configure command that worked for me to build a 64-bit R on 10.4 a while back: ./configure --host=powerpc64-apple-darwin8.10.0 --build=powerpc64-apple-darwin8.10.0 \ --prefix=/usr/local/lib64 'CC=gcc-4.0 -arch ppc64' 'CXX=g++ -arch ppc64' \ 'FC=gfortran-4.0 -arch ppc64' 'F77=gfortran-4.0 -arch ppc64' \ 'CFLAGS=-g -O3 -mtune=G5 -mcpu=G5' 'FFLAGS=-g -O3 -mtune=G5 -mcpu=G5' \ 'LDFLAGS=-arch ppc64 -m64 -L/usr/local/lib' 'CXXFLAGS=-g -O3 -mtune=G5 -mcpu=G5' \ 'FCFLAGS=-g -O3 -mtune=G5 -mcpu=G5' --disable-R-framework --enable-R-shlib \ '--with-blas=-framework vecLib' --with-lapack --without-iconv 1 configure.R.txt 21 and also note that you need to have root privileges when doing the make install, so you either need to run the command as root (not so common on Mac OS X) or run sudo make install and enter your password etc. HTH Steve McKinney -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] on behalf of joseph Sent: Fri 7/25/2008 5:07 PM To: r-help@r-project.org Cc: r-help@r-project.org Subject: [R] 64-bit R on Mac OS X 10.4.5 Hello I have a Mac OS X 10.4.5. I
Re: [R] Object-oriented programming in R for Java programmers?
Werner Wernersen wrote: I have done oo programming in C++ and Java before but the first few tutorial on R oo were a bit confusing for me. My personal experience is that the type of OO programming that makes for example Java code nice and easy to structure is not possible in R. The biggest problem for me is, correct me if i'm wrong, that R does not store memory references in its identifiers (variables), but a creates new 'object' for every identifier. For example, if you do in R: a - 123 b - 456 a - b a - 789 b If you would do a similar thing in Java, bot the variables 'a' and 'b' would have changed to the value 789, because both the variables now refer to the same object. So manipulating one also manipulates the other. However, in R, variable 'b' still stores the value of 456 at the end of this example. What this means for OO programming is that there is no easy way to reference to objects. For example, if you have want to access a variable which is part of a dataframe object, which is nested in a list object, you can only reference this object every time using list$dataframe$varname, where in Java, you could create a new variable that references to this specific object. Once datastructures become more complex, this handicap gets bigger and bigger. However, please don't take this for granted since I am only a beginning R programmer (and slightly more advanced Java programmer). I am also really curious what others have to say because I am having the same problem of my R-code quickly getting messy and confusing. -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/Object-oriented-programming-in-R-for-Java-programmers--tp18675688p18679872.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Object-oriented programming in R for Java programmers?
I've never used it myself but I recall reading about this R.oo package a while ago - might be worth considering? http://www1.maths.lth.se/help/R/R.oo/ - Original Message From: Werner Wernersen [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Sunday, July 27, 2008 4:55:26 AM Subject: [R] Object-oriented programming in R for Java programmers? Hi, I was wondering if anybody might have a reference for me: My R code is growing and getting more and more confusing. Thus, I figure it's time to switch to object-oriented again. I have done oo programming in C++ and Java before but the first few tutorial on R oo were a bit confusing for me. Is there any brief tutorial on oo programming in R especially for people who have done oo in Java or C++ before? That would be really helpful. Many thanks and have a great Sunday, Werner __ Dem pfiffigeren Posteingang. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Fitting a Bivariate Poisson log-normal distribution
I wrote an R program to fit a bivariate Poisson log-normal model. The
model is first proposed by Aitchison and Ho (1989) in Biometrika, Volume
76 pages 643-653. The model involves using a double integration. The
following is the program and the data that I used. My major problem was
that R was running for a long time (more than 3 hours) with no results.
I would like to place some printing at some places to see if R was doing
something. Unfortunately, there was nothing printed when I included
printing in the function f. Note that I have used the package adapt
for double integration. Can someone provide some help on this problem? I
would like to know if R is doing anything at all in fitting the model.
Thank you for your time.
#This program will be used to estimate the parameters of
Poisson-lognormal model.
yd = read.table(file=H:\\Bivariate\\bact.txt)
y1 = yd[[1]]
y2 = yd[[2]]
n = length(y1)
x0= rep(1, n)
y1 = cbind(y1)
y2 = cbind(y2)
yy=cbind(y1,y2)
xx = cbind(x0,yd[[3]])
av1=mean(y1)
av2=mean(y2)
cov=var(yy)
mu=cbind(av1, av2)
rho=cov[1,2]/sqrt(cov[1,1]*cov[2,2])
sd1=sqrt(cov[1,1])
sd2=sqrt(cov[2,2])
oth=rbind(sd1,sd2,rho)
z = vector(length=2) #This is a column vector with two rows
#To find the inital estimates for the regression coefficients
para1 = ginv(t(xx) %*% xx) %*% (t(xx) %*% log(y1+0.5))
para2 = ginv(t(xx) %*% xx) %*% (t(xx) %*% log(y2+0.5))
parab = rbind(para1, para2, oth)
parab
#-
# Fitting Poisson lognorma model
#f is the function that defines the (negative) log likelihood
f - function(parab,y1,y2,xx)
{
vv1=(parab[5])^2
vv2=(parab[6])^2
para.1= cbind(parab[1:2])
para.2= cbind(parab[3:4])
mu.1 = xx%*%para.1 - vv1/2
#mu.1 = exp(mu.1)
mu.2 = xx%*%para.2 - vv2/2
#mu.2 = exp(mu.2)
mu.v=cbind(mu.1,mu.2)
cov[1,1]=vv1
cov[2,2]=vv2
cov[1,2]=parab[7]*parab[5]*parab[6]
cov[2,1]=cov[1,2]
n=length(y1)
va=rep(0.0, n)
for (i in 1:n)
{
fred=function(z)
{
tz=log(z)-mu.v[i,]
qq=(t(tz)%*%ginv(cov))%*%tz
fq=(exp(-qq/2))/(2*pi*z[1]*z[2]*sqrt(det(cov)))
p1=((z[1]^y1[i])*exp(-z[1]))/gamma(y1[i]+1)
p2=((z[2]^y2[i])*exp(-z[2]))/gamma(y2[i]+1)
int=fq*p1*p2
}
va[i]=adapt(2,lo=c(0,0),up=c(100,100),functn=fred,min=1000,eps=1.e-6,mu.
v=mu.v,cov=cov,y1=y1,y2=y2)$value
}
-sum(va)
}
I.p = nlminb(start=parab,objective=f,y1=y1,y2=y2,xx=xx)
print(Poisson Log-normal Regression Model)
I.p
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
1 0 0
1 0 0
1 0 0
1 0 0
1 0 0
1 0 0
1 0 0
2 0 0
2 0 0
2 0 0
2 0 0
2 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
3 0 0
3 0 0
3 0 0
3 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
4 0 0
4 0 0
5 0 0
5 0 0
7 0 0
8 0 0
9 0 0
9 0 0
12 0 0
13 0 0
14 0 0
16 0 0
20 0 0
0 1 0
0 1 0
0 1 0
0 1 0
0 1 0
0 1 0
0 1 0
1 1 0
1 1 0
1 1 0
1 1 0
1 1 0
1 1 0
1 1 0
1 1 0
1 1 0
1 1 0
1 1 0
1 1 0
1 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
3 1 0
3 1 0
3 1 0
4 1 0
4 1 0
5 1 0
5 1 0
5 1 0
9 1 0
10 1 0
10 1 0
15 1 0
0 2 0
0 2 0
0 2 0
0 2 0
0 2 0
0 2 0
0 2 0
0 2 0
0 2 0
1 2 0
1 2 0
1 2 0
1 2 0
1 2 0
1 2 0
1 2 0
1 2 0
1 2 0
2 2 0
2 2 0
2 2 0
3 2 0
4 2 0
4 2 0
5 2 0
6 2 0
6 2 0
6 2 0
7 2 0
7 2 0
12 2 0
15 2 0
26 2 0
0 3 0
0 3 0
0 3 0
0 3 0
0 3 0
0 3 0
0 3 0
0 3 0
0 3 0
1 3 0
1 3 0
1 3 0
1 3 0
1 3 0
2 3 0
2 3 0
4 3 0
5 3 0
7 3 0
10 3 0
0 4 0
0 4 0
0 4 0
0 4 0
1 4 0
1 4 0
1 4 0
1 4 0
3 4 0
3 4 0
0 5 0
0 6 0
0 6 0
1 6 0
3 6 0
0 7 0
0 7 0
1 7 0
0 8 0
1 8 0
0 9 0
0 9 0
0 9 0
0 0 1
0 0 1
0 0 1
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4
Re: [R] Object-oriented programming in R for Java programmers?
This page is also a brief introduction to the S3 classes: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-r3.html (see section on 'Object-oriented R') and for S4, in addition to How S4 methods work: http://developer.r-project.org/methodDefinition.html - Original Message From: Johannes Huesing [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: r-help@r-project.org Sent: Sunday, July 27, 2008 12:21:37 PM Subject: Re: [R] Object-oriented programming in R for Java programmers? Werner Wernersen [EMAIL PROTECTED] [Sun, Jul 27, 2008 at 01:55:26PM CEST]: [...] Is there any brief tutorial on oo programming in R especially for people who have done oo in Java or C++ before? That would be really helpful. How S4 methods work highlights the differences between R's function-centric approach to OO and the class-centric approach highlighted by languages such as C++. This 10-page article is written by John Chambers. -- Johannes Hüsing There is something fascinating about science. One gets such wholesale returns of conjecture mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] from such a trifling investment of fact. http://derwisch.wikidot.com (Mark Twain, Life on the Mississippi) __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] help with durbin.watson
Hi, I have two time series, y and x. Diff(y) and Diff(x) both show no autocorrelation. But durbin.watson(lm(Diff(y)~lag(Diff(x),k=-4)) gives a DW value of zero. How come the residule is autocorrelated while Diff(y) and Diff(x) are not? Does anyone know if in my case a DW of zero indicates serial correlation, or is it telling me that the DW statistics is not the appropriate statistics to use here? Thanks, -- Tom [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] graphing regression coefficients and standard errors
Hi Murali, The plot function works on an lm object. The example from the help page of lm. Ritwik ctl - c(4.17,5.58,5.18,6.11,4.50,4.61,5.17,4.53,5.33,5.14) trt - c(4.81,4.17,4.41,3.59,5.87,3.83,6.03,4.89,4.32,4.69) group - gl(2,10,20, labels=c(Ctl,Trt)) weight - c(ctl, trt) anova(lm.D9 - lm(weight ~ group)) summary(lm.D90 - lm(weight ~ group - 1))# omitting intercept summary(resid(lm.D9) - resid(lm.D90)) #- residuals almost identical opar - par(mfrow = c(2,2), oma = c(0, 0, 1.1, 0)) plot(lm.D9, las = 1) # Residuals, Fitted, ... On Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 4:01 PM, Murali K [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello, I am interested in plotting my regression analysis results(regression coefficients and standard errors obtained through OLS and Tobit models) in the form of graphs.What is the best way to accomplish this? Thanks. Murali Kuchibhotla [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. -- Ritwik Sinha [EMAIL PROTECTED] | +12033042111 | http://ritwik.sinha.googlepages.com/ [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Maximization under constraits
Hi Daniela,
Will the optim function with the method L-BFGS-B work for you?
Look for the lower argument in the function.
Ritwik
On Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 9:07 AM, Daniela Garavaglia
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I'm looking for a R function which can maximise this logliklihood function,
under the constraits a0 e b0
f-function(param){
a-param[1]
b -param[2]
log(prod)-(a*s2)-(b*s)-n*log(1-((0.5*b/sqrt(a))*(exp((b^2)/(4*a)))*((sqrt(pi
))*(1-pnorm(-b/(2*sqrt(a)), mean=0, sd=1)}
I've tried maxlik constrOptim e donlp2 but without success.
Thanks so much!!!
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--
Ritwik Sinha
[EMAIL PROTECTED] | +12033042111 | http://ritwik.sinha.googlepages.com/
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[R] equivalent R functions for Numerical Recipes fitxy and fitexy ?
Dear Folks, We need to fit the model y~x assuming there are random errors in both x and y. Numerical Recipes (Press et al.) have two useful functions, fitxy and fitexy, which handle cases of unspecified and specified errors respectively. Are there equivalent functions in base R or a installable package? Alternatively, has anyone written a wrapper to provide an interface to a library of Numerical Recipes routines constructed for Linux? Kind regards, Marc __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Interpolating a line and then summing there values for a diurnal oxygen curve (zoo object)
#I would like to interpolate a straight line between 06/08/06 04:16:00 - 06/08/06 20:31:00 with values and then sum them. This is an estimate of ecosystem #respiration and I will be using this in a larger context(48 days of these diurnal curves), but for right now I am just trying to figure out how to do it for this one #day example. I have some other code for Ecosystem (stream) Metabolism that I am trying to work up into a package, but I am still assembling the pieces. #thanks for all of your help library(chron) library(zoo) z - structure(c(7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.71, 7.7, 7.71, 7.71, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.69, 7.68, 7.68, 7.67, 7.67, 7.67, 7.66, 7.65, 7.65, 7.65, 7.64, 7.64, 7.63, 7.63, 7.63, 7.62, 7.62, 7.62, 7.62, 7.63, 7.63, 7.63, 7.63, 7.63, 7.64, 7.64, 7.65, 7.65, 7.65, 7.66, 7.66, 7.67, 7.67, 7.67, 7.68, 7.68, 7.69, 7.69, 7.69, 7.69, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.71, 7.7, 7.7, 7.71, 7.71, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.69, 7.68, 7.68, 7.68, 7.67, 7.67, 7.66, 7.66, 7.66, 7.66, 7.65, 7.65, 7.65, 7.65, 7.66, 7.66, 7.66, 7.67, 7.67, 7.68, 7.68, 7.68, 7.68, 7.69, 7.69, 7.69), index = structure(c(13307.000694, 13307.01, 13307.021528, 13307.031944, 13307.042361, 13307.052778, 13307.063194, 13307.073611, 13307.084028, 13307.09, 13307.104861, 13307.115278, 13307.125694, 13307.136111, 13307.146528, 13307.156944, 13307.167361, 13307.18, 13307.188194, 13307.198611, 13307.209028, 13307.219444, 13307.229861, 13307.240278, 13307.250694, 13307.26, 13307.271528, 13307.281944, 13307.292361, 13307.302778, 13307.313194, 13307.323611, 13307.334028, 13307.34, 13307.354861, 13307.365278, 13307.375694, 13307.386111, 13307.396528, 13307.406944, 13307.417361, 13307.427778, 13307.438194, 13307.448611, 13307.459028, 13307.469444, 13307.479861, 13307.490278, 13307.500694, 13307.51, 13307.521528, 13307.531944, 13307.542361, 13307.552778, 13307.563194, 13307.573611, 13307.584028, 13307.59, 13307.604861, 13307.615278, 13307.625694, 13307.636111, 13307.646528, 13307.656944, 13307.667361, 13307.68, 13307.688194, 13307.698611, 13307.709028, 13307.719444, 13307.729861, 13307.740278, 13307.750694, 13307.76, 13307.771528, 13307.781944, 13307.792361, 13307.802778, 13307.813194, 13307.823611, 13307.834028, 13307.84, 13307.854861, 13307.865278, 13307.875694, 13307.886111, 13307.896528, 13307.906944, 13307.917361, 13307.927778, 13307.938194, 13307.948611, 13307.959028, 13307.969444, 13307.979861, 13307.990278), format = structure(c(m/d/y, h:m:s), .Names = c(dates, times)), origin = structure(c(1, 1, 1970), .Names = c(month, day, year)), class = c(chron, dates, times)), class = zoo) plot(z) -- Let's not spend our time and resources thinking about things that are so little or so large that all they really do for us is puff us up and make us feel like gods. We are mammals, and have not exhausted the annoying little problems of being mammals. -K. Mullis [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Interpolating a line and then summing there values for a diurnal oxygen curve (zoo object)
Try this using your z and library(zoo): # extract section of interest w - window(z, start=chron(6/8/6, 4:16:0), end=chron(6/8/6, 20:31:0)) # zap all interior points with NA's and then fill back in using linear interpolation lin - na.approx(replace(w, time(w) start(w) time(w) end(w), NA)) # plot the 3 series on one screen plot(merge(z, w, lin), col = 1:3, screen = 1) On Sun, Jul 27, 2008 at 8:12 PM, stephen sefick [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: #I would like to interpolate a straight line between 06/08/06 04:16:00 - 06/08/06 20:31:00 with values and then sum them. This is an estimate of ecosystem #respiration and I will be using this in a larger context(48 days of these diurnal curves), but for right now I am just trying to figure out how to do it for this one #day example. I have some other code for Ecosystem (stream) Metabolism that I am trying to work up into a package, but I am still assembling the pieces. #thanks for all of your help library(chron) library(zoo) z - structure(c(7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.71, 7.7, 7.71, 7.71, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.69, 7.68, 7.68, 7.67, 7.67, 7.67, 7.66, 7.65, 7.65, 7.65, 7.64, 7.64, 7.63, 7.63, 7.63, 7.62, 7.62, 7.62, 7.62, 7.63, 7.63, 7.63, 7.63, 7.63, 7.64, 7.64, 7.65, 7.65, 7.65, 7.66, 7.66, 7.67, 7.67, 7.67, 7.68, 7.68, 7.69, 7.69, 7.69, 7.69, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.71, 7.7, 7.7, 7.71, 7.71, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.7, 7.69, 7.68, 7.68, 7.68, 7.67, 7.67, 7.66, 7.66, 7.66, 7.66, 7.65, 7.65, 7.65, 7.65, 7.66, 7.66, 7.66, 7.67, 7.67, 7.68, 7.68, 7.68, 7.68, 7.69, 7.69, 7.69), index = structure(c(13307.000694, 13307.01, 13307.021528, 13307.031944, 13307.042361, 13307.052778, 13307.063194, 13307.073611, 13307.084028, 13307.09, 13307.104861, 13307.115278, 13307.125694, 13307.136111, 13307.146528, 13307.156944, 13307.167361, 13307.18, 13307.188194, 13307.198611, 13307.209028, 13307.219444, 13307.229861, 13307.240278, 13307.250694, 13307.26, 13307.271528, 13307.281944, 13307.292361, 13307.302778, 13307.313194, 13307.323611, 13307.334028, 13307.34, 13307.354861, 13307.365278, 13307.375694, 13307.386111, 13307.396528, 13307.406944, 13307.417361, 13307.427778, 13307.438194, 13307.448611, 13307.459028, 13307.469444, 13307.479861, 13307.490278, 13307.500694, 13307.51, 13307.521528, 13307.531944, 13307.542361, 13307.552778, 13307.563194, 13307.573611, 13307.584028, 13307.59, 13307.604861, 13307.615278, 13307.625694, 13307.636111, 13307.646528, 13307.656944, 13307.667361, 13307.68, 13307.688194, 13307.698611, 13307.709028, 13307.719444, 13307.729861, 13307.740278, 13307.750694, 13307.76, 13307.771528, 13307.781944, 13307.792361, 13307.802778, 13307.813194, 13307.823611, 13307.834028, 13307.84, 13307.854861, 13307.865278, 13307.875694, 13307.886111, 13307.896528, 13307.906944, 13307.917361, 13307.927778, 13307.938194, 13307.948611, 13307.959028, 13307.969444, 13307.979861, 13307.990278), format = structure(c(m/d/y, h:m:s), .Names = c(dates, times)), origin = structure(c(1, 1, 1970), .Names = c(month, day, year)), class = c(chron, dates, times)), class = zoo) plot(z) -- Let's not spend our time and resources thinking about things that are so little or so large that all they really do for us is puff us up and make us feel like gods. We are mammals, and have not exhausted the annoying little problems of being mammals. -K. Mullis [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Mixed model question.
I continue to struggle with mixed models. The square zero version
of the problem that I am trying to deal with is as follows:
A number (240) of students are measured (tested; for reading
comprehension)
on 6 separate occasions. Initially (square zero) I want to treat the
test time as a factor (with 6 levels). The students are of course
``random effects''. Later I want to look at reduced models, with the
means at the 6 times following patterns:
(mu1, mu2, mu2, mu3, mu3, mu4)
or
(mu1, mu1+theta, mu1+theta, mu1+2*theta, mu1+2*theta, mu1+3*theta)
the idea begin that the tests are given ``in pairs'' at the beginning
and
end of the school year. Progress is expected over the school year, no
progress over the two intervening summers. The summers fall between
times 2 and 3 and between times 4 and 5. The second of the two models
assumes a constant amount of progress (``theta'') in each of three
school years in which the students are observed.
But the square zero model is just a trivial repeated measures model.
The estimate of the means at the 6 observation times is just
mu-hat = xbar - apply(X,2,mean) where X is the ``data matrix'',
and the estimate of the covariance structure is just given by
Sigma-hat = S - var(X).
No problem so far. I can also fit the two reduced models (I'm pretty
sure) via maximum likelihood, using optim(), for example. Assuming
normal data. Rash assumption, but that's not the issue here.
But the thing is, I also want (later!) to include such things as
a school effect (there are 6 different schools), a sex effect, and
an ethnicity effect.
Things start to get complicated --- sounds like a job for lmer().
So I'd just like to get a toe in the door by fitting the trivial
(square 0) model with lmer() --- and then if I can get my head
around that, move on to the two reduced models. I.e. I'd like to
reproduce my simple-minded computations using lmer() --- which would
give me a little bit of confidence that I'm driving lmer() correctly.
*Can* the trivial model be fitted in lmer()? I tried using
fit - lmer(y ~ tstnum + (1|stdnt), data=schooldat)
and got estimates of the coefficients for tstnum as follows:
Fixed effects:
Estimate Std. Error t value
(Intercept) 3.229170.09743 33.14
tstnum2 0.466670.084615.52
tstnum3 0.50.084615.91
tstnum4 0.837500.084619.90
tstnum5 0.470830.084615.56
tstnum6 0.975000.08461 11.52
The mean of (the columns of) the data matrix is
3.229167 3.695833 3.729167 4.07 3.70 4.204167
which is in exact agreement with the lmer() results when converted to
the same parameterization (mu_i = mu + alpha_i, with alpha_1 = 0).
(Notice the surprizing, depressing, and so far unexplained *drop*
in the response over the second summer.)
What I *don't* understand is the correlation structure of the estimates
produced by lmer(), which is:
Correlation of Fixed Effects:
(Intr) tstnm2 tstnm3 tstnm4 tstnm5
tstnum2 -0.434
tstnum3 -0.434 0.500
tstnum4 -0.434 0.500 0.500
tstnum5 -0.434 0.500 0.500 0.500
tstnum6 -0.434 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500
So apparently the way I called lmer() places substantial constraints
on the covariance structure. How can I (is there any way that I can)
tell lmer() to fit the most general possible covariance structure?
As usual, advice, insight, tutelage humbly appreciated.
If anyone wishes to experiment with the real data set (it's a bit
too big to post here) I can make it available to them via email.
Thanks.
cheers,
Rolf Turner
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Re: [R] Coefficients of Logistic Regression from bootstrap - how to get them?
I'll address the question of whether you can use the bootstrap to improve estimates, and whether you can use the bootstrap to virtually increase the size of the sample. Short answer - no, with some exceptions (bumping / Random Forests). Longer answer: Suppose you have data (x1, ..., xn) and a statistic ThetaHat, that you take a number of bootstrap samples (all of size n) and let ThetaHatBar be the average of those bootstrap statistics from those samples. Is ThetaHatBar better than ThetaHat? Usually not. Usually it is worse. You have not collected any new data, you are just using the existing data in a different way, that is usually harmful: * If the statistic is the sample mean, all this does is to add some noise to the estimate * If the statistic is nonlinear, this gives an estimate that has roughly double the bias, without improving the variance. What are the exceptions? The prime example is tree models (random forests) - taking bootstrap averages helps smooth out the discontinuities in tree models. For a simple example, suppose that a simple linear regression model really holds: y = beta x + epsilon but that you fit a tree model; the tree model predictions are a step function. If you bootstrap the data, the boundaries of the step function will differ from one sample to another, so the average of the bootstrap samples smears out the steps, getting closer to the smooth linear relationship. Aside from such exceptions, the bootstrap is used for inference (bias, standard error, confidence intervals), not improving on ThetaHat. Tim Hesterberg Hi Doran, Maybe I am wrong, but I think bootstrap is a general resampling method which can be used for different purposes...Usually it works well when you do not have a presentative sample set (maybe with limited number of samples). Therefore, I am positive with Michal... P.S., overfitting, in my opinion, is used to depict when you got a model which is quite specific for the training dataset but cannot be generalized with new samples.. Thanks, --Jerry 2008/7/21 Doran, Harold [EMAIL PROTECTED]: I used bootstrap to virtually increase the size of my dataset, it should result in estimates more close to that from the population - isn't it the purpose of bootstrap? No, not really. The bootstrap is a resampling method for variance estimation. It is often used when there is not an easy way, or a closed form expression, for estimating the sampling variance of a statistic. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] product of successive rows
Hi everyone, I want to perform an operation on a matrx that outputs the product of successive pairs of rows. For example: calculating the product between rows 1 2; 3 4; 5 6...etc. Does anyone know of any readily available functions that can do this? Thanks, rcoder -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/product-of-successive-rows-tp18681259p18681259.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Converting english words to numeric equivalents
Hello, I am trying to convert english words to numeric equivalents, e.g., abc to 123. Is there a function or library or package for doing this in R? If not, can it be done easily in R? Thanks, Oscar [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Rolling regression - o/p selected coefficients
Hi everyone, Using the rolling regression function - rollingRegression(formula, data, width, ...) - is there a way to output only selected coefficients to a results matrix. For e.g. if I only wanted the slope coefficients to be recorded, how would I go about doing this? Thanks, Michael -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/Rolling-regression---o-p-selected-coefficients-tp18681338p18681338.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Converting english words to numeric equivalents
On 28/07/2008, at 12:32 PM, oscar Linares wrote:
Hello,
I am trying to convert english words to numeric equivalents, e.g.,
abc to 123. Is there a function or library or package for doing
this in R? If not, can it be done easily in R?
Your question is very ill-posed. What ``english word'' would
correspond to 0?
What would the ``english word'' xyz (?!?!) correspond to?
If you can phrase a coherent question, it can probably be answered.
cheers,
Rolf Turner
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[R] read.table question
Dear R list: I have a data set that I would like to bring it. The fourth column shows as numeric, but I want it to be a factor. Is there a way to do this from the read.table statement, or should I just wait and use the factor function please? thanks, Edna Bell __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] read.table question
On 28/07/2008, at 3:26 PM, Edna Bell wrote:
Dear R list:
I have a data set that I would like to bring it. The fourth column
shows as numeric, but I want it to be a factor. Is there a way to do
this from the read.table statement, or should I just wait and use the
factor function please?
Look at the colClasses argument to read.table().
cheers,
Rolf Turner
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[R] Help with a loop
HI:
I need ideas on how to make this code shorter (maybe with a second loop?).
The code as it is works, but in this case I only have 14 samples, but it
will become insane with more, so I need a way to make it more automatic. The
problem is that the output from ts1, ts2, and so on is a vector with more
than one value, so I do not know how to solve this.
Thanks
Prenewbie
The code is the following:
duration-c(750, 8940,17180, 8693,10100, 7990,24820, 6770,
7390,8450,18400,16252,6080,11030)
tmax-0
dt-0
for (m in 1:14)
{
tmax[m]-duration[m]
dtmin-969
dtmax-9884
i-1
dt[m]-round(runif(1,dtmin,(tmax[m]-1)))}
ts-c(1)
ts1-ts
ts2-ts1
ts3-ts1
ts4-ts1
ts5-ts1
ts6-ts1
ts7-ts1
ts8-ts1
ts9-ts1
ts10-ts1
ts11-ts1
ts12-ts1
ts13-ts1
ts14-ts1
for (m in 1:2){
while(i+dt[m]tmax[m])
{
ts1-append(ts,i+dt[1])
i-i+dt[1]
ifelse(dtmin=(tmax[1]-i), dt[1]-round(runif(1,dtmin,(tmax[1]-i))),
dt[1]-(tmax[1]-i))
ts2-append(ts,i+dt[2])
i-i+dt[2]
ifelse(dtmin=(tmax[2]-i), dt[2]-round(runif(1,dtmin,(tmax[2]-i))),
dt[2]-(tmax[2]-i))
ts3-append(ts,i+dt[3])
i-i+dt[3]
ifelse(dtmin=(tmax[3]-i), dt[3]-round(runif(1,dtmin,(tmax[3]-i))),
dt[3]-(tmax[3]-i))
ts4-append(ts,i+dt[4])
i-i+dt[4]
ifelse(dtmin=(tmax[4]-i), dt[4]-round(runif(1,dtmin,(tmax[4]-i))),
dt[4]-(tmax[4]-i))
ts5-append(ts,i+dt[5])
i-i+dt[5]
ifelse(dtmin=(tmax[5]-i), dt[5]-round(runif(1,dtmin,(tmax[5]-i))),
dt[5]-(tmax[5]-i))
ts6-append(ts,i+dt[6])
i-i+dt[6]
ifelse(dtmin=(tmax[6]-i), dt[6]-round(runif(1,dtmin,(tmax[6]-i))),
dt[6]-(tmax[6]-i))
ts7-append(ts,i+dt[7])
i-i+dt[7]
ifelse(dtmin=(tmax[7]-i), dt[7]-round(runif(1,dtmin,(tmax[7]-i))),
dt[7]-(tmax[7]-i))
ts8-append(ts,i+dt[8])
i-i+dt[8]
ifelse(dtmin=(tmax[8]-i), dt[8]-round(runif(1,dtmin,(tmax[8]-i))),
dt[8]-(tmax[8]-i))
ts9-append(ts,i+dt[9])
i-i+dt[9]
ifelse(dtmin=(tmax[9]-i), dt[9]-round(runif(1,dtmin,(tmax[9]-i))),
dt[9]-(tmax[9]-i))
ts10-append(ts,i+dt[10])
i-i+dt[10]
ifelse(dtmin=(tmax[10]-i),
dt[10]-round(runif(1,dtmin,(tmax[10]-i))), dt[10]-(tmax[10]-i))
ts11-append(ts,i+dt[11])
i-i+dt[11]
ifelse(dtmin=(tmax[11]-i),
dt[11]-round(runif(1,dtmin,(tmax[11]-i))), dt[11]-(tmax[11]-i))
ts12-append(ts,i+dt[12])
i-i+dt[12]
ifelse(dtmin=(tmax[12]-i),
dt[12]-round(runif(1,dtmin,(tmax[12]-i))), dt[12]-(tmax[12]-i))
ts13-append(ts,i+dt[13])
i-i+dt[13]
ifelse(dtmin=(tmax[13]-i),
dt[13]-round(runif(1,dtmin,(tmax[13]-i))), dt[13]-(tmax[13]-i))
ts14-append(ts,i+dt[14])
i-i+dt[14]
ifelse(dtmin=(tmax[14]-i),
dt[14]-round(runif(1,dtmin,(tmax[14]-i))), dt[14]-(tmax[14]-i))
} }
ts1-append(ts,i+dt[1])
ts2-append(ts,i+dt[2])
ts3-append(ts,i+dt[3])
ts4-append(ts,i+dt[4])
ts5-append(ts,i+dt[5])
ts6-append(ts,i+dt[6])
ts7-append(ts,i+dt[7])
ts8-append(ts,i+dt[8])
ts9-append(ts,i+dt[9])
ts10-append(ts,i+dt[10])
ts11-append(ts,i+dt[11])
ts12-append(ts,i+dt[12])
ts13-append(ts,i+dt[13])
ts14-append(ts,i+dt[14])
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[R] Are there any packages that can process images other than pixelmap (i.e. pnm)?
Hi, all, I am having trouble getting R to take pnm images via mogrify i.e. mogrify -resize 320x217 -format pnm *.png However R via pixmap says that it can't read the file. If you have any ideas like a package that can read jpeg files, etc., I would appreciate it. Best wishes, Art Roberts University of Washington __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Are there any packages that can process images other than pixelmap (i.e. pnm)?
See EBImage on Bioconductor.org. /Henrik On Sun, Jul 27, 2008 at 10:21 PM, Arthur Roberts [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, all, I am having trouble getting R to take pnm images via mogrify i.e. mogrify -resize 320x217 -format pnm *.png However R via pixmap says that it can't read the file. If you have any ideas like a package that can read jpeg files, etc., I would appreciate it. Best wishes, Art Roberts University of Washington __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
