[R] Plot link points
Hi. This may be a straight-forward question... I have a time series from 1950 to 2000 (by year) with missing values. Sometimes only a year has value and the adjacent years have missing data, e.g. 1950 2.7 1951 1952 1953 3.4 1954 1955 1956 2.9 1957 3.6 1958 2.7 When I use plot (type='l'), the line can't connect the 'stand-alone' years. Is there a way I have have R to skip over the NA and draw a line with the points available? Thanks! k. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Plot link points
Kitty Lee wrote: Hi. This may be a straight-forward question... I have a time series from 1950 to 2000 (by year) with missing values. Sometimes only a year has value and the adjacent years have missing data, e.g. 1950 2.7 1951 1952 1953 3.4 1954 1955 1956 2.9 1957 3.6 1958 2.7 When I use plot (type='l'), the line can't connect the 'stand-alone' years. Is there a way I have have R to skip over the NA and draw a line with the points available? Hi Kitty, Assuming that the above is a data frame with two columns, the second of which is named value: plot(my.data.frame[!is.na(my.data.frame$value),],type=l) Jim __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Clinical significance estimation
Hi all, On a request from a colleague, I programmed an implementation of the clinical significance estimation suggested by Jacobson and Truax some years ago, with a few generalizations and a couple of plot functions. I have wrapped this up in a package, but I am reluctant to further clutter CRAN with a package containing one function with print and plot methods. If anyone out there would like to include this function in a suitable package, please let me know. Jim Jacobson, N.S. Truax, P. (1991) Clinical significance: a statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59(1): 12-19. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Plot link points
try to use xyplot of latice package. If you have a data.frame called data, whit coluns called year and x, you could do something like: require(lattice) xyplot(x~year,data, type = a, auto.key = list(space = right, points = FALSE, lines = TRUE)) ___ Gledson Luiz Picharski PET Estatística - UFPR http://www.leg.ufpr.br/~gledson http://www.leg.ufpr.br/%7Egledson http://www.leg.ufpr.br/pet 2009/1/10 Jim Lemon j...@bitwrit.com.au Kitty Lee wrote: Hi. This may be a straight-forward question... I have a time series from 1950 to 2000 (by year) with missing values. Sometimes only a year has value and the adjacent years have missing data, e.g. 1950 2.7 1951 1952 1953 3.4 1954 1955 1956 2.9 1957 3.6 1958 2.7 When I use plot (type='l'), the line can't connect the 'stand-alone' years. Is there a way I have have R to skip over the NA and draw a line with the points available? Hi Kitty, Assuming that the above is a data frame with two columns, the second of which is named value: plot(my.data.frame[!is.na(my.data.frame$value),],type=l) Jim __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Help needed for Loading tm package
Howdy Gurus again Thanks to Tony.Breyal, I was able to writing the following script for analyzing a text document. But I got an error with tm' package. I don't why I got the error from the R script below. I think I followed proccess of R tm manual. I use R v2.8.1. and tm_0.3-3.zip under Win XP. Thanks in advance, Kum Hwang # setting directory my.path -'C:\\_work\\Daddys\\myProjects\\2009 defaultProject\\R\\textfile\\' # text miner pakacge library(tm) Loading required package: Snowball Loading required package: RWeka - Error in .jinit(system.file(jar, c(weka.jar, RWeka.jar), package = pkgname, : Cannot create Java virtual machine (-1) Error : .onLoad failed in 'loadNamespace' for 'RWeka' Error: package 'RWeka' could not be loaded my.corpurs -Corpus(DirSource(my.path), readerControl = list(reader=readPlain)) Error: could not find function Corpus my.tdm - TermDocMatrix(my.corpus) Error: could not find function TermDocMatrix my.tdm[1,] Error: object my.tdm not found -- Kum-Hoe Hwang, Ph.D. Phone : 82-31-250-3516 Email : phdhw...@gmail.com [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Help needed for Loading tm package
On Sat, 10 Jan 2009, Kum-Hoe Hwang wrote: Howdy Gurus again Thanks to Tony.Breyal, I was able to writing the following script for analyzing a text document. But I got an error with tm' package. I don't why I got the error from the R script below. I think I followed proccess of R tm manual. Please do read the messages you got. I see Error in .jinit(system.file(jar, c(weka.jar, RWeka.jar), package = pkgname, : Cannot create Java virtual machine (-1) so the problem is with your Java installation and RWeka, not 'tm'. First make sure you have a working installation of RWeka -- I suspect you do not even have Java installed, but it could be a version or path issue (but very unlikely to be an R issue). I use R v2.8.1. and tm_0.3-3.zip under Win XP. Thanks in advance, Kum Hwang # setting directory my.path -'C:\\_work\\Daddys\\myProjects\\2009 defaultProject\\R\\textfile\\' # text miner pakacge library(tm) Loading required package: Snowball Loading required package: RWeka - Error in .jinit(system.file(jar, c(weka.jar, RWeka.jar), package = pkgname, : Cannot create Java virtual machine (-1) Error : .onLoad failed in 'loadNamespace' for 'RWeka' Error: package 'RWeka' could not be loaded my.corpurs -Corpus(DirSource(my.path), readerControl = list(reader=readPlain)) Error: could not find function Corpus my.tdm - TermDocMatrix(my.corpus) Error: could not find function TermDocMatrix my.tdm[1,] Error: object my.tdm not found -- Kum-Hoe Hwang, Ph.D. Phone : 82-31-250-3516 Email : phdhw...@gmail.com [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. -- Brian D. Ripley, rip...@stats.ox.ac.uk Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/ University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self) 1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA) Oxford OX1 3TG, UKFax: +44 1865 272595 __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] rpart with interval censored data crashes R
On a Leopard Mac with the Urbanek compiled 64 bit R, one sees this: library(rpart) library(survival) Loading required package: splines fit-rpart(Surv(N,Y,type=interval2)~Salt+pH+Temp, data=myD) *** caught segfault *** address 0x0, cause 'memory not mapped' Traceback: 1: .C(C_rpartexp2, as.integer(length(dtimes)), as.double(dtimes), as.double(.Machine$double.eps), keep = integer(length(dtimes))) 2: (get(paste(rpart, method, sep = .)))(Y, offset, , wt) 3: rpart(Surv(N, Y, type = interval2) ~ Salt + pH + Temp, data = myD) Possible actions: 1: abort (with core dump, if enabled) 2: normal R exit 3: exit R without saving workspace 4: exit R saving workspace Choosing 4 does save the workspace. -- David Winsemius On Jan 9, 2009, at 9:04 AM, Keith Jewell wrote: Hi Everyone, This example code results in R 'crashing'; that is the R application closes with no warnings or error messages. #--- myD - read.table(stdin(), header=TRUE, nrows=20) Broth Salt pH TempN Y Growth 13109.0 2.92 10 90.0 NA0 26156.0 7.82 30 1.0 21 32172.0 7.34 10 7.0 81 4338 10.0 4.44 10 90.0 NA0 52404.0 7.33 10 20.0 211 6336 10.0 3.90 10 90.0 NA0 72797.0 6.73 10 90.0 NA0 8 10219.0 5.03 45 8.0 91 99747.0 4.01 45 90.0 NA0 10 2657.0 2.93 10 90.0 NA0 11 9344.0 5.28 45 0.1 11 12 6699.0 5.03 30 90.0 NA0 13 875 10.0 6.24 37 1.0 21 14 3852.0 5.84 20 1.0 21 15 5622.0 5.84 30 0.1 11 16 7180.5 5.54 37 0.1 11 17 8459.0 5.03 37 3.0 61 18 9132.0 5.84 45 0.1 11 19 5774.0 4.10 30 90.0 NA0 20200.5 7.44 8 24.0 271 library(rpart) library(survival) fit-rpart(Surv(N,Y,type=interval2)~Salt+pH+Temp, data=myD) #- Professor Ripley helpfully pointed out that the documentation does not say that interval censoring is supported, and indeed this seems only to happen with interval censored data. ?rpart indicates that the dependent variable may be a survival object. Neither ?rpart nor An Introduction to Recursive Partitioning Using the RPART Routines (Therneau et al 1997) suggest that the dependent variable may contain interval censored data, but neither do they suggest it shouldn't; i.e. as far as I'm aware (!) this restriction is not documented. This post has three purposes: 1) Bring this behaviour - especially the crash in response to 'bad' data - to the attention of the authors. 2) Seek an explanation of the restriction (if intentional). In my simplicity, it seems that interval censored data should be easier to handle than left or right censored - after all the information content is greater. 3) Seek guidance on how to work around the problem. I'm minded to replace the interval censored data by the mid points of the intervals. Does anyone have any comments on such an approach? Any comments gratefully received. Keith Jewell == Version: platform = i386-pc-mingw32 arch = i386 os = mingw32 system = i386, mingw32 status = Patched major = 2 minor = 8.1 year = 2009 month = 01 day = 07 svn rev = 47502 language = R version.string = R version 2.8.1 Patched (2009-01-07 r47502) Windows Server 2003 x64 (build 3790) Service Pack 2 Locale: LC_COLLATE=English_United Kingdom.1252;LC_CTYPE=English_United Kingdom.1252;LC_MONETARY=English_United Kingdom.1252;LC_NUMERIC=C;LC_TIME=English_United Kingdom.1252 Search Path: .GlobalEnv, package:stats, package:graphics, package:grDevices, package:utils, package:datasets, package:methods, Autoloads, package:base __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] ATT Researchers and the New York Times
I've submitted a posting to the NY Times blog mentioned by David Smith, specifically mentioning John, Rick and Allan. (Now awaiting moderation.) Of course there are many others deserving credit but far to numerous to list so I didn't get started. On Thu, Jan 8, 2009 at 5:58 PM, Robert Wilkins irishhac...@gmail.comwrote: Is anyone in the leadership of the R-project going to contact the New York Times and clarify that the article gave remarkably short shrift to the people who designed the user interface for R, to a large extent ATT researchers from an earlier generation? It would be the appropriate thing to do. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] The R Inferno
Extremely nice. Tons of useful information presented in a very entertaining way. Thanks! Tom Patrick Burns wrote: The R Inferno is now on the Burns Statistics website at http://www.burns-stat.com/pages/Tutor/R_inferno.pdf Abstract: If you are using R and you think you're in hell, this is a map for you. Also, I've expanded the outline concerning R on the Burns Statistics 'Links' page. Suggestions (off-list) for additional items are encouraged. Patrick Burns patr...@burns-stat.com +44 (0)20 8525 0696 http://www.burns-stat.com (home of The R Inferno and A Guide for the Unwilling S User) __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. -- ++ | Tom Backer Johnsen, Psychometrics Unit, Faculty of Psychology | | University of Bergen, Christies gt. 12, N-5015 Bergen, NORWAY | | Tel : +47-5558-9185Fax : +47-5558-9879 | | Email : bac...@psych.uib.noURL : http://www.galton.uib.no/ | ++ __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] The R Inferno
Excellent read, Patrick. A very useful and clear guide. On 2009.01.09 16:14:49, Patrick Burns wrote: The R Inferno is now on the Burns Statistics website at http://www.burns-stat.com/pages/Tutor/R_inferno.pdf Abstract: If you are using R and you think you're in hell, this is a map for you. Also, I've expanded the outline concerning R on the Burns Statistics 'Links' page. Suggestions (off-list) for additional items are encouraged. Patrick Burns patr...@burns-stat.com +44 (0)20 8525 0696 http://www.burns-stat.com (home of The R Inferno and A Guide for the Unwilling S User) __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. -- ~ Jason Morgan __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Ashlee Vance's article on R in the New York Times
On Thu, Jan 8, 2009 at 1:26 AM, Robert Wilkins irishhac...@gmail.comwrote: ...The user interface for R, otherwise known as the S programming language has the same origins as C and Unix We could take this one step further, and note that C's design (its user interface?) was based on BCPL, which was developed at Cambridge University and MIT (which was in turn loosely based on CPL). But BCPL declined into obscurity, while we're still stuck witxxx benefitting from C. As for Unix, most of its ideas came from Multics (developed mostly at MIT, but with Bell Labs and GE). And some of the core ideas and utilities of Multics came from CTSS (also MIT) -- Unix roff/nroff/troff was a knock-off of CTSS's runoff, for example. But Multics failed and Unix succeeded. Fast forward a few years, and Unix itself was (alas) fading into marginality until GNU/Linux* came around. (I had a front-row seat at this decline as a staffer at OSF.) As with R/S, the specification was of course important, but the dynamics were completely changed by the development of a free and open version. The NYT reporter correctly focussed on the success of R. I do agree that the core of R could use renewal and rethinking, and that many free/open projects have been reimplementations of existing designs. But there is also innovation within the framework of R, such as Hadley Wickham's ggplot2. Is it enough? It never is -s * Speaking of giving credit where credit is due, Stallman is absolutely right when he insists on recognition for the huge contribution of the GNU project to GNU/Linux, though it's no doubt to late to insist on the full name [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Print specific matrix value???
Hello All,
I'm trying to print specific row and column for Observed_Scores matrix,
however, when I execute the command Observed_Scores[1,1], I get the message
Error in Observed_Scores[1, 1] : incorrect number of dimensions. Could you
please help and let me know where is the mistake? Here is my program:
library(ltm)
library(psych)
# Settting the working directory path to C:/NCME
path=C:/NCME
setwd(path)
#IRT Data Simulation Routine#
n.exams = 500 #Sets number of examinees to be generated#
n.items = 20 #Sets number of items to be generated#
#The following intialize empty (NA) vectors or matrices#
beta.values = rep(NA,n.items)
resp.prob = matrix(rep(NA,n.exams*n.items),nrow=n.exams,ncol=n.items)
Observed_Scores = matrix(rep(NA,n.exams*n.items),nrow=n.exams,ncol=n.items)
#filling item parameters into beta.values
beta.values = runif(n.items,-2,2)
#Calculating Threshold
thresh.values = .5 * beta.values
#for (i in 1:10)
#{
#Using the function to generate the data
GenData - congeneric.sim(N=500, loads = rep(.5,20), err=NULL, short = FALSE)
Observed_Scores = GenData[1]
Regards
Nidhi Kohli
__
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PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Fitting pareto to some data
Dear R-users, I am trying to fit pareto distribution to some data but i've one problem. Using optim to calculate the maximum of the likelihood function of the pareto I use as start parameters the moments method(using the distribution function in the package actuar): media=mean(x) var=mean(x^2)-media^2 scale=2*var/(var-media^2) shape=(scale-1)*media fitdistr(x,dpareto,list(shape=shape,scale=scale)) The problem is how to initialize the shape and scale parameters when var=media^2 . When var=media^2 scale and shape parameters are negative using moments method. Does anyone know how to initialize the paramaters when var=media^2? Thanks Borja [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Print specific matrix value???
Hello All,
I'm trying to print specific row and column for Observed_Scores matrix,
however, when I execute the command Observed_Scores[1,1], I get the message
Error in Observed_Scores[1, 1] : incorrect number of dimensions. Could you
please help and let me know where is the mistake? Here is my program:
library(ltm)
library(psych)
# Settting the working directory path to C:/NCME
path=C:/NCME
setwd(path)
#IRT Data Simulation Routine#
n.exams = 500 #Sets number of examinees to be generated#
n.items = 20 #Sets number of items to be generated#
#The following intialize empty (NA) vectors or matrices#
beta.values = rep(NA,n.items)
resp.prob = matrix(rep(NA,n.exams*n.items),nrow=n.exams,ncol=n.items)
Observed_Scores = matrix(rep(NA,n.exams*n.items),nrow=n.exams,ncol=n.items)
#filling item parameters into beta.values
beta.values = runif(n.items,-2,2)
#Calculating Threshold
thresh.values = .5 * beta.values
#for (i in 1:10)
#{
#Using the function to generate the data
GenData - congeneric.sim(N=500, loads = rep(.5,20), err=NULL, short = FALSE)
Observed_Scores = GenData[1]
Regards
Nidhi Kohli
__
R-help@r-project.org mailing list
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] The R Inferno
Hi , I have been trying to convince Pat to come up with a book on this. He can add in the chapters on *Purgatorio* (Purgatoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purgatory), and *Paradiso* (Paradise http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaven) Regards, Ajay On Sat, Jan 10, 2009 at 9:33 PM, Jason Morgan jwm-r-h...@skepsi.net wrote: Excellent read, Patrick. A very useful and clear guide. On 2009.01.09 16:14:49, Patrick Burns wrote: The R Inferno is now on the Burns Statistics website at http://www.burns-stat.com/pages/Tutor/R_inferno.pdf Abstract: If you are using R and you think you're in hell, this is a map for you. Also, I've expanded the outline concerning R on the Burns Statistics 'Links' page. Suggestions (off-list) for additional items are encouraged. Patrick Burns patr...@burns-stat.com +44 (0)20 8525 0696 http://www.burns-stat.com (home of The R Inferno and A Guide for the Unwilling S User) __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. -- ~ Jason Morgan __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Plot link points
Look at: http://geography.uoregon.edu/geogr/topics/maps.htm -Roy On Jan 10, 2009, at 1:48 AM, Jim Lemon wrote: Kitty Lee wrote: Hi. This may be a straight-forward question... I have a time series from 1950 to 2000 (by year) with missing values. Sometimes only a year has value and the adjacent years have missing data, e.g. 1950 2.7 1951 1952 1953 3.4 1954 1955 1956 2.9 1957 3.6 1958 2.7 When I use plot (type='l'), the line can't connect the 'stand- alone' years. Is there a way I have have R to skip over the NA and draw a line with the points available? Hi Kitty, Assuming that the above is a data frame with two columns, the second of which is named value: plot(my.data.frame[!is.na(my.data.frame$value),],type=l) Jim __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. ** The contents of this message do not reflect any position of the U.S. Government or NOAA. ** Roy Mendelssohn Supervisory Operations Research Analyst NOAA/NMFS Environmental Research Division Southwest Fisheries Science Center 1352 Lighthouse Avenue Pacific Grove, CA 93950-2097 e-mail: roy.mendelss...@noaa.gov (Note new e-mail address) voice: (831)-648-9029 fax: (831)-648-8440 www: http://www.pfeg.noaa.gov/ Old age and treachery will overcome youth and skill. From those who have been given much, much will be expected __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Print specific matrix value???
Hi Nidhi,
in your very last line, you set
Observed_Scores = GenData[1]
After that, Observed_Scores is not a matrix any more, but a list with a
single entry Observed_Scores$model, which is in fact a data.frame, but
with different dimensions than you initially set Observed_Scores to.
HTH,
Stephan
Nidhi Kohli schrieb:
Hello All,
I'm trying to print specific row and column for Observed_Scores matrix, however, when I execute the
command Observed_Scores[1,1], I get the message Error in Observed_Scores[1, 1] :
incorrect number of dimensions. Could you please help and let me know where is the mistake?
Here is my program:
library(ltm)
library(psych)
# Settting the working directory path to C:/NCME
path=C:/NCME
setwd(path)
#IRT Data Simulation Routine#
n.exams = 500 #Sets number of examinees to be generated#
n.items = 20 #Sets number of items to be generated#
#The following intialize empty (NA) vectors or matrices#
beta.values = rep(NA,n.items)
resp.prob = matrix(rep(NA,n.exams*n.items),nrow=n.exams,ncol=n.items)
Observed_Scores = matrix(rep(NA,n.exams*n.items),nrow=n.exams,ncol=n.items)
#filling item parameters into beta.values
beta.values = runif(n.items,-2,2)
#Calculating Threshold
thresh.values = .5 * beta.values
#for (i in 1:10)
#{
#Using the function to generate the data
GenData - congeneric.sim(N=500, loads = rep(.5,20), err=NULL, short = FALSE)
Observed_Scores = GenData[1]
Regards
Nidhi Kohli
__
R-help@r-project.org mailing list
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
__
R-help@r-project.org mailing list
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Fw: Re: R Stacked Histogram
Hi Jason, You can do: qplot(mpg, wt, data = mtcars, colour = factor(cyl)) + opts(legend.position = c(0.5, 0.5)) Hadley On Thu, Jan 8, 2009 at 3:04 PM, Jason Rupert jasonkrup...@yahoo.com wrote: Thank you again for your response. This worked great. Quick question about the legend for qplot. Instead of being outside the plot, is it possible to move the location of the legend to the upper left or right corner of the plot? Could you possibly provide an example. Thank you again for your feedback and insights. --- On Wed, 1/7/09, hadley wickham h.wick...@gmail.com wrote: From: hadley wickham h.wick...@gmail.com Subject: Re: Fw: Re: [R] R Stacked Histogram To: jasonkrup...@yahoo.com, R-help R-help@r-project.org Date: Wednesday, January 7, 2009, 12:17 PM Hi Jason, Well, one last questions about stack plot (please forgive the lame example below). I thought the below allow me to resize the the title of the stacked histogram, but no luck. Any suggestions as to the modificaiton necessary to get it to work? Right now the title is obscured by the plot and my boss will be none too happy. Thanks again. Yes, that's a really stupid bug that I accidentally introduced in the latest version. You can fix it with: qplot(mpg, wt, data = mtcars, main = My title) + opts(plot.title = theme_text(vjust = 0, size = 16)) or by adding a new line to the end of the title: qplot(mpg, wt, data = mtcars, main = My title\n) Regards, Hadley -- http://had.co.nz/ -- http://had.co.nz/ __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] R in the NY Times
“We have customers who build engines for aircraft. I am happy they are not using freeware when I get on a jet.” The lady who made this comment, Anne H. Milley, director of technology product marketing at SAS, has written a response to try and clarify what she meant (funilly enough, i got this link from a SAS mate of mine who is now going to have a look into R for the first time): http://blogs.sas.com/sascom/index.php?/archives/434-This-post-is-rated-R.html [quote] As for open source and my airplane quote … My remark reflects a key difference between R and SAS, that of support, reliability, and validation. Customers value SAS for many things, including our extensive testing, documentation, 24/7 support, and training. In contrast, the quality of proliferating R packages is varied and uneven, especially in complex analytical modules. Mistakes in these packages can lead to misleading results, even for experienced users. The airplane comment was meant to point out this key difference. Not to condemn open source. In fact, SAS values open-source software. Our software runs on Linux. We use some open-source tools in development. And we plan to embrace open source further in the future. The world has many complex problems. We advocate approaches based on science, on analysis to address these problems. Making more analytic methods readily available is a good thing. From SAS; from R; from the resourceful individuals who innovate with their tools of choice, regardless of the source. [end quote] On 7 Jan, 14:50, Marc Schwartz marc_schwa...@comcast.net wrote: on 01/07/2009 08:44 AM Kevin E. Thorpe wrote: Zaslavsky, Alan M. wrote: This article is accompanied by nice pictures of Robert and Ross. Data Analysts Captivated by Power of R http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/07/technology/business-computing/07pro... January 7, 2009 Data Analysts Captivated by R’s Power By ASHLEE VANCE SAS says it has noticed R’s rising popularity at universities, despite educational discounts on its own software, but it dismisses the technology as being of interest to a limited set of people working on very hard tasks. “I think it addresses a niche market for high-end data analysts that want free, readily available code, said Anne H. Milley, director of technology product marketing at SAS. She adds, “We have customers who build engines for aircraft. I am happy they are not using freeware when I get on a jet.” Thanks for posting. Does anyone else find the statement by SAS to be humourous yet arrogant and short-sighted? Kevin It is an ignorant comment by a marketing person who has been spoon fed her lines...it is also a comment being made from a very defensive and insecure posture. Congrats to R Core and the R Community. This is yet another sign of R's growth and maturity. Regards, Marc Schwartz __ r-h...@r-project.org mailing listhttps://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guidehttp://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] R version requires Bioconductor 2.3 version
Dear support, I am new to R. I installed R 2.8.1 under Windows, and upon starting it I get the message that it requires Bioconductor version 2.3. I thought this was kind of installed in parallel or so. Where can I upgrade it ? Best regards, Andreas -- Andreas Scherer, PhD,APM CEO Spheromics Pajutie 3A 81100 Kontiolahti Finland Phone +358 (0)400 138 510 FAX +358 (0)13 731 431 Skype Andreas1.Scherer www.Spheromics.com __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Arguments for Rcmd BATCH
Sorry to bother you and I hope this will be easy to solve. I am trying to run R scripts in batch, called from another programme, under Windows XP. I have R 2.4.1 I need to be able to pass a list of numeric arguments to the script as well. The Rscript and its input data file are attached. I have been trying the syntax below but it doesn't work: Rcmd BATCH -no-save -no-restore -args parms=c(1,2,3) test01b.R (each of these BATCH options is preceded by 2 - characters, but my Outlook is munging them together here) The script then accesses (or tries to) the variables as parms[1], parms[2], etc. I get the respose unable to open input file at the command line and no other diagnostic output. I got this syntax from p85 of the R-Intro doc and from the website http://quantitative-ecology.blogspot.com/search/label/scripts. I could not find any other illustrations or instructions of how to use args with BATCH. Without using any parameter args it otherwise runs fine. Please can you advise what am I doing wrong and how should this command be structured? Do I also need to change the way the script is accessing the arguments? Many thanks, Andrew Hicks __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Applying 'lm' in each group
Hi, I want to do regression in each group. I made the group the following way. Now I want to run regression in each of the three groups.. Suppose , x-c(0.5578196,6.5411662,13.2728619,2.0217271,6.7216176,3.37220617,2.5773252,7.2600583,15.3731026,3.4140288,8.1335874, 15..6476637,4.3014084,9.1224379,18.5605355,4.7448394,11.9296663,18.5866354,12.3797674,18.7572812,2.70433816,2.88924220, 2.94688208,3.37154364,2.26311786,3.31002593) y-c(18.63654,233.55387,152.61107,103.49646,234.55054,14.2767453,160.78742,150.35391,223.89225,168.55567,190.51031, 227.68339,152.42658,208.70115, 223.91982, 221.70702, 213.71135,168.0199, 222.69040,228.49353, 164.95750,243.18828, 229.94688,313.37154364,202.263786,139.31002593) n-length(x) m-3; r-8; c-r*(m-1); g1-rep(1:(m-1),each=r); g-c(g1,rep(m,n-c)) xg-split(x,g); yg-split(y,g); Now if I write lm(yg~xg) then it won't work. Please advice how to proceed. Thanks in advance. Bhargab [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Calling C from FORTRAN and vice versa
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
Hash: SHA1
Dear R-Help,
as I am not sure where to put this suggestion for improving the
documentation in Writing R extensions Section 6.6 (Calling C from
FORTRAN and vice versa) I send it to R-Help as suggested by the R Bug
Report page.
In Sect 6.6 an example is given on how to create .f and .c file in order
to call C from Fortran and vice versa. For better readability and for
preventing ppl calling the .c and the .f file the same base name
(causing multiple definitions of symbol) I suggest that the docu
should provide file names for the two example programs, e.g.:
frand.f:
subroutine testit()
double precision normrnd, x
call rndstart()
x = normrnd()
call dblepr(X was, 5, x, 1)
call rndend()
end
frand-helper.c:
#include R.h
/* Fortran */
void F77_SUB(rndstart)(void) { GetRNGstate(); }
void F77_SUB(rndend)(void) { PutRNGstate(); }
double F77_SUB(normrnd)(void) { return norm_rand(); }
As a further suggestion, it would also be nice to provide the call for
generating the dynamic library at this point:
R CMD SHLIB frand.f frand-helper.c .
At least this would have helped me in trying to get things to work, but
again - its just a suggestion.
Best regards,
Michael
- --
Michael Höhle, Ph.D.
Department of Statistics
University of Munich
Ludwigstrasse 33
80539 Munich
Germany
Phone:+49 89 2180 6404
Fax: +49 89 2180 5040
Email: hoe...@stat.uni-muenchen.de
Homepage: http://www.stat.uni-muenchen.de/~hoehle
PGP public key id: 0xA9589121
-BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-
Version: GnuPG v1.4.6 (Darwin)
Comment: Using GnuPG with Mozilla - http://enigmail.mozdev.org
iD8DBQFJaLoYJenxFqlYkSERAgMeAKCtuX+SByQR4Eo1/xJj8Pg073jM8ACfa56t
7xnDhLzuS4q75ownnESyqek=
=yYKr
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[R] JGR editor setting problem
Hi all, I am using the JGR (Java GUI for R ) and I am facing some problem. I want to use the help agent in the editor. I try to change the setting in the preference to use the help agent in editor, but it does not work. Though I have apply and save this seting ,it will return to the default seting that only use the help agent in the console. Will you help me? Thanks R version: 2.7.2 JGR:1.6-2 Ted -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/JGR-editor-setting-problem-tp21389631p21389631.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Arguments for Rcmd BATCH
Your R is far too old, and in particular too old for the example you are trying. Please do you as asked in the posting guide to do before posting, and upgrade. Then you will have Rscript, as described in the current 'An Introduction to R' manual for this purpose (with examples). On Sat, 10 Jan 2009, Andrew Hicks wrote: Sorry to bother you and I hope this will be easy to solve. I am trying to run R scripts in batch, called from another programme, under Windows XP. I have R 2.4.1 I need to be able to pass a list of numeric arguments to the script as well. The Rscript and its input data file are attached. I have been trying the syntax below but it doesn't work: Rcmd BATCH -no-save -no-restore -args parms=c(1,2,3) test01b.R (each of these BATCH options is preceded by 2 - characters, but my Outlook is munging them together here) The script then accesses (or tries to) the variables as parms[1], parms[2], etc. I get the respose unable to open input file at the command line and no other diagnostic output. I got this syntax from p85 of the R-Intro doc and from the website http://quantitative-ecology.blogspot.com/search/label/scripts. I could not find any other illustrations or instructions of how to use args with BATCH. Without using any parameter args it otherwise runs fine. Please can you advise what am I doing wrong and how should this command be structured? Do I also need to change the way the script is accessing the arguments? Many thanks, Andrew Hicks -- Brian D. Ripley, rip...@stats.ox.ac.uk Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/ University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self) 1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA) Oxford OX1 3TG, UKFax: +44 1865 272595 __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Setting a contingency table
Hi, I want to set a make a contingency table which will look like this.. The problem is that I can't set the table like the following. col1 col2 Total row1 a b n10 rp1 rp2 100 cp1 cp2 rtp1 - row2 c d n20 rp3 rp4 100 cp3 cp4 rtp2 - Total n01 n02 n ctp1 ctp2 100 100 100 100 Suppose a-67; b-10; c-79; d-67; n-a+b+c+d; n10-a+b; n01-a+c; n20-n-n10; n02-n-n01; rp1-(a/n10)*100; rp2-100-rp1; rp3-(c/n20)*100; rp4-100-rp3; cp1-(a/n01)*100; cp2-100-cp1; cp3-(c/n02)*100; cp4-100-cp3; rtp1-(n10/n)*100; rtp2-100-rtp1; ctp1-(n01/n)*100; ctp2-100-ctp1; After this I can't procced in a meaningful way. Can anyone help me out? Thanks in advance. Bhargab [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] R in the NY Times
On Sat, Jan 10, 2009 at 8:11 AM, Tony Breyal tony.bre...@googlemail.com wrote: We have customers who build engines for aircraft. I am happy they are not using freeware when I get on a jet. The lady who made this comment, Anne H. Milley, director of technology product marketing at SAS, has written a response to try and clarify what she meant (funilly enough, i got this link from a SAS mate of mine who is now going to have a look into R for the first time): http://blogs.sas.com/sascom/index.php?/archives/434-This-post-is-rated-R.html [quote] As for open source and my airplane quote … My remark reflects a key difference between R and SAS, that of support, reliability, and validation. Customers value SAS for many things, including our extensive testing, documentation, 24/7 support, and training. In contrast, the quality of proliferating R packages is varied and uneven, especially in complex analytical modules. Mistakes in these packages can lead to misleading results, even for experienced users. The airplane comment was meant to point out this key difference. Not to condemn open source. In fact, SAS values open-source software. Our software runs on Linux. We use some open-source tools in development. And we plan to embrace open source further in the future. The world has many complex problems. We advocate approaches based on science, on analysis to address these problems. Making more analytic methods readily available is a good thing. From SAS; from R; from the resourceful individuals who innovate with their tools of choice, regardless of the source. [end quote] Ms. Milley mischaracterizes her remark about the relative unreliability of freeware as if she had employed the termopen source. David A. Wheeler's Why Open Source Software / Free Software (OSS/FS, FLOSS, or FOSS)? Look at the Numbers! provides quantitative measures for evaluating open source software, including market share, reliability, performance, scalability, security, and total cost of ownership. With respect to the reliability of open source software, Wheeler writes, There are a lot of anecdotal stories that OSS/FS is more reliable, but finally there is quantitative data confirming that mature OSS/FS programs are often more reliable [than equivalent proprietary software programs]. Wheeler lists among his sources the Fuzz Report http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~bart/fuzz/fuzz.html . __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] R in the NY Times
2009/1/10 Tony Breyal tony.bre...@googlemail.com: [SAS marketroid quote] In fact, SAS values open-source software. But clearly not enough to open-source SAS itself. It would seem that SAS values _other_people's_ open source. If SAS was open source and free, then SAS would collect on all the other things Customers value SAS for - support, testing, training, docs, etc etc. And there would be a lot more people using it. Another quote: We advocate approaches based on science - closed source is closed knowledge and is nearer alchemy than science. I may use proprietary software for video editing or music production, but when it comes to science, it's got to be open. Barru __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] R in the NY Times
more on the reasons R is bad for you http://www.decisionstats.com/2009/01/top-ten-rrreasons-r-is-bad-for-you/ On Sun, Jan 11, 2009 at 12:01 AM, Barry Rowlingson b.rowling...@lancaster.ac.uk wrote: 2009/1/10 Tony Breyal tony.bre...@googlemail.com: [SAS marketroid quote] In fact, SAS values open-source software. But clearly not enough to open-source SAS itself. It would seem that SAS values _other_people's_ open source. If SAS was open source and free, then SAS would collect on all the other things Customers value SAS for - support, testing, training, docs, etc etc. And there would be a lot more people using it. Another quote: We advocate approaches based on science - closed source is closed knowledge and is nearer alchemy than science. I may use proprietary software for video editing or music production, but when it comes to science, it's got to be open. Barru __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] R version requires Bioconductor 2.3 version
Andreas Scherer wrote: Dear support, This is not support, but the R-help mailing list. Please do read docuemntation on how to upgrade R and contributed packages such as those from the Bioconductor project. I am new to R. I installed R 2.8.1 under Windows, and upon starting it I get the message that it requires Bioconductor version 2.3. So you installed by overwriting some older version? Anyway, for the Bioconductor project, see http://www.Bioconductor.org which has its own mailing list. You can choose the BioC Repositories from your R GUI and run, for example, update.packages(checkBuilt=TRUE) afterwards, which will upgrade your outdated CRAN and BioC packages. Uwe Ligges I thought this was kind of installed in parallel or so. Where can I upgrade it ? Best regards, Andreas __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Print specific matrix value???
Nidhi Kohli wrote:
Hello All,
I'm trying to print specific row and column for Observed_Scores matrix, however, when I execute the
command Observed_Scores[1,1], I get the message Error in Observed_Scores[1, 1] :
incorrect number of dimensions. Could you please help and let me know where is the mistake?
Here is my program:
library(ltm)
library(psych)
# Settting the working directory path to C:/NCME
path=C:/NCME
setwd(path)
#IRT Data Simulation Routine#
n.exams = 500 #Sets number of examinees to be generated#
n.items = 20 #Sets number of items to be generated#
#The following intialize empty (NA) vectors or matrices#
beta.values = rep(NA,n.items)
resp.prob = matrix(rep(NA,n.exams*n.items),nrow=n.exams,ncol=n.items)
Observed_Scores = matrix(rep(NA,n.exams*n.items),nrow=n.exams,ncol=n.items)
#filling item parameters into beta.values
beta.values = runif(n.items,-2,2)
#Calculating Threshold
thresh.values = .5 * beta.values
#for (i in 1:10)
#{
#Using the function to generate the data
GenData - congeneric.sim(N=500, loads = rep(.5,20), err=NULL, short = FALSE)
Observed_Scores = GenData[1]
Say
str(Observed_Scores)
and find that Observed_Scores is not a matrix but a list!
If you want to extract the matrix (first element of GenData), then use
Observed_Scores = GenData[[1]]
Uwe Ligges
Regards
Nidhi Kohli
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Re: [R] bug in R2WinBUGS
John Smith wrote: In newest version of R2WinBUGS, the default directory is changed to working.directory, but never changed back once finished bugs call. Thank you for the report! I will see what happened and release a fixed version tomorrow. Best wishes, Uwe [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] R in the NY Times
I think the substance of the issue is that the more eyes on code, the fewer the bugs (assuming a well-designed examination and debugging process is in place, as is typical for large open source projects like R). By this (obvious?)criterion, both the remarks about the dangers of proprietary code and the greater unreliability of R's lesser-used specialty packages, which by their nature tend to be less carefully perused, are valid. Perhaps an argument is that certain code might not get written at all if it were not proprietary. Device drivers might be an example. But possibly other than that, it does seem like SAS needs to reconsider their marketing strategy and advertising claims. Anecdotal remark: I orginally moved from S-Plus to R because R provided **better** documentation, support, and had fewer bugs, which were more rapidly fixed when found. One of my smarter investment choices. Cheers to all, Bert Gunter -Original Message- From: r-help-boun...@r-project.org [mailto:r-help-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of Barry Rowlingson Sent: Saturday, January 10, 2009 10:32 AM To: Tony Breyal Cc: r-help@r-project.org Subject: Re: [R] R in the NY Times 2009/1/10 Tony Breyal tony.bre...@googlemail.com: [SAS marketroid quote] In fact, SAS values open-source software. But clearly not enough to open-source SAS itself. It would seem that SAS values _other_people's_ open source. If SAS was open source and free, then SAS would collect on all the other things Customers value SAS for - support, testing, training, docs, etc etc. And there would be a lot more people using it. Another quote: We advocate approaches based on science - closed source is closed knowledge and is nearer alchemy than science. I may use proprietary software for video editing or music production, but when it comes to science, it's got to be open. Barru __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Applying 'lm' in each group
Bhargab Chattopadhyay bhargab_1 at yahoo.com writes:
Hi,
I want to do regression in each group. I made the group the following way.
Now I want to run regression
in each of the three groups..
Suppose ,
w
Now if I write lm(yg~xg) then it won't work. Please advice how to proceed.
Thanks in advance.
The one-liner is
mapply(function(x,y) lm(y~x,data=data.frame(x,y)),xg,yg,
SIMPLIFY=FALSE)
Perhaps easier to understand:
results - list()
for (i in seq(along=xg)) {
results[[i]] - lm(yg[[i]]~xg[[i]])
}
Ben Bolker
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and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Applying 'lm' in each group
Did you read the error message? Generally saying doesn't work will elicit undesirable responses. Now would be a good time to read the Posting Guide: http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html Including: Say exactly what happened, including any error messages you received. lm(yg~xg) Error in model.frame.default(formula = yg ~ xg, drop.unused.levels = TRUE) : invalid type (list) for variable 'yg' You need to offer lm an object that it can use. You actually shot yourself in the foot by turning your data into a list. It's not clear what you actually want, but perhaps this will move you a bit further along: dfg - data.frame(y=unlist(yg), x=unlist(xg), g=g) lm(y ~ x | g, data= dfg) Which would also be the same result as the following (without the detour to the yg and xg lists.) lm(y ~ x + g) It's also possible that what you really wanted was: lm(y ~ x + as.factor(g)) # which estimates mean differences of grp=2 and grp=3 from grp=1 with a common estimated slope of y on x. Or even lm(y ~ x * as.factor(g)) which gives you separate slopes and mean differences from those estimated for group 1 for groups 2 and 3 and is most consistent with the phrase separate regressions in each of three groups. -- David Winsemius Heritage Laboratories On Jan 10, 2009, at 12:55 PM, Bhargab Chattopadhyay wrote: Hi, I want to do regression in each group. I made the group the following way. Now I want to run regression in each of the three groups.. Suppose , x- c (0.5578196,6.5411662,13.2728619,2.0217271,6.7216176,3.37220617,2.5773252,7.2600583,15.3731026,3.4140288,8.1335874 , 15 .. 6476637,4.3014084,9.1224379,18.5605355,4.7448394,11.9296663,18.5866354,12.3797674,18.7572812,2.70433816,2.88924220 , 2.94688208,3.37154364,2.26311786,3.31002593) y- c (18.63654,233.55387,152.61107,103.49646,234.55054,14.2767453,160.78742,150.35391,223.89225,168.55567,190.51031 , 227.68339,152.42658,208.70115, 223.91982, 221.70702, 213.71135,168.0199, 222.69040,228.49353, 164.95750,243.18828, 229.94688,313.37154364,202.263786,139.31002593) n-length(x) m-3; r-8; c-r*(m-1); g1-rep(1:(m-1),each=r); g-c(g1,rep(m,n-c)) xg-split(x,g); yg-split(y,g); Now if I write lm(yg~xg) then it won't work. Please advice how to proceed. Thanks in advance. Bhargab [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Applying 'lm' in each group
On 1/10/2009 12:55 PM, Bhargab Chattopadhyay wrote:
Hi,
I want to do regression in each group. I made the group the following way.
Now I want to run regression in each of the three groups..
Suppose ,
x-c(0.5578196,6.5411662,13.2728619,2.0217271,6.7216176,3.37220617,2.5773252,7.2600583,15.3731026,3.4140288,8.1335874,
15..6476637,4.3014084,9.1224379,18.5605355,4.7448394,11.9296663,18.5866354,12.3797674,18.7572812,2.70433816,2.88924220,
2.94688208,3.37154364,2.26311786,3.31002593)
y-c(18.63654,233.55387,152.61107,103.49646,234.55054,14.2767453,160.78742,150.35391,223.89225,168.55567,190.51031,
227.68339,152.42658,208.70115, 223.91982, 221.70702, 213.71135,168.0199,
222.69040,228.49353, 164.95750,243.18828,
229.94688,313.37154364,202.263786,139.31002593)
n-length(x)
m-3;
r-8;
c-r*(m-1);
g1-rep(1:(m-1),each=r);
g-c(g1,rep(m,n-c))
xg-split(x,g);
yg-split(y,g);
Now if I write lm(yg~xg) then it won't work. Please advice how to proceed.
mdf - data.frame(y,x,g)
lapply(split(mdf, g), function(X){lm(y ~ x, data = X)})
$`1`
Call:
lm(formula = y ~ x, data = X)
Coefficients:
(Intercept)x
76.1110.85
$`2`
Call:
lm(formula = y ~ x, data = X)
Coefficients:
(Intercept)x
166.6933.580
$`3`
Call:
lm(formula = y ~ x, data = X)
Coefficients:
(Intercept)x
218.412 -0.735
Thanks in advance.
Bhargab
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
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--
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Re: [R] R in the NY Times
The reactions to the NYT article have certainly made for some interesting reading. Here are some of the links: http://overdetermined.net/site/content/new-york-times-article-r http://jackman.stanford.edu/blog/?p=1053 http://ggorjan.blogspot.com/2009/01/new-york-times-on-r.html several posts on Andrew Gelman's blog: http://www.stat.columbia.edu/~gelman/blog/ http://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/7nwgq/the_new_york_times_notices_the_r_programming/ comments here: http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/01/08/r-you-ready-for-r/ It's too bad that SAS has reacted to the negative reactions to their NYT quote with more FUD. The quote that Tony posted is just a thinly-veiled jab at R (veiled by a disingenuous we value open source veneer). Perhaps SAS is shooting themselves in the foot with their reactions; aren't they making it harder if they should ever decide the best thing to do is to embrace R and the philosophies behind it? Four years ago, Marc Schwartz posted interesting comments realted to this: http://tolstoy.newcastle.edu.au/R/help/04/12/9497.html On another note, I wonder why in the various conversations there seems to be pervasive views that a) the FDA won't accept work done in R, and b) SAS is the only way to effectively handle data? best, Kingsford Jones On 7 Jan, 14:50, Marc Schwartz marc_schwa...@comcast.net wrote: on 01/07/2009 08:44 AM Kevin E. Thorpe wrote: Zaslavsky, Alan M. wrote: This article is accompanied by nice pictures of Robert and Ross. Data Analysts Captivated by Power of R http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/07/technology/business-computing/07pro... January 7, 2009 Data Analysts Captivated by R's Power By ASHLEE VANCE SAS says it has noticed R's rising popularity at universities, despite educational discounts on its own software, but it dismisses the technology as being of interest to a limited set of people working on very hard tasks. I think it addresses a niche market for high-end data analysts that want free, readily available code, said Anne H. Milley, director of technology product marketing at SAS. She adds, We have customers who build engines for aircraft. I am happy they are not using freeware when I get on a jet. Thanks for posting. Does anyone else find the statement by SAS to be humourous yet arrogant and short-sighted? Kevin It is an ignorant comment by a marketing person who has been spoon fed her lines...it is also a comment being made from a very defensive and insecure posture. Congrats to R Core and the R Community. This is yet another sign of R's growth and maturity. Regards, Marc Schwartz __ r-h...@r-project.org mailing listhttps://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guidehttp://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] install.views()
Dear Rxperts, Using R 2.8.1 and trying install.views(Cluster) getting error Error: could not find function install.views Please help:-( -- Oscar Oscar A. Linares Molecular Medicine Unit Bolles Harbor Monroe, Michigan [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] install.views()
did you install and load the 'ctv' package?
install.packages('ctv')
library('ctv')
then try your code...
Kingsford Jones
On Sat, Jan 10, 2009 at 1:00 PM, oscar linares wins...@gmail.com wrote:
Dear Rxperts,
Using R 2.8.1 and trying
install.views(Cluster)
getting error
Error: could not find function install.views
Please help:-(
--
Oscar
Oscar A. Linares
Molecular Medicine Unit
Bolles Harbor
Monroe, Michigan
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
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Re: [R] Setting a contingency table
library(gmodels) ?CrossTable# by Marc Schwartz a-67; b-10; c-79; d-67; dft- with(as.data.frame.table(as.table(c(a=77,b=10,c=79,d=67))), data.frame(Var1 = rep(Var1,Freq)) ) There are probably more efficient ways to replicate entries. I am just drawing a blank right now. dft$Rw - with(dft, ifelse((Var1 == a | Var1 == c), 1, 2)) dft$Cl - with(dft, ifelse((Var1 == a | Var1 == b), 1, 2)) table(dft$Rw, dft$Cl) 1 2 1 77 10 2 79 67 CrossTable(dft$Rw,dft$Cl, prop.chisq=FALSE) Cell Contents |-| | N | | N / Row Total | | N / Col Total | | N / Table Total | |-| Total Observations in Table: 233 | dft$Cl dft$Rw | 1 | 2 | Row Total | -|---|---|---| 1 |77 |10 |87 | | 0.885 | 0.115 | 0.373 | | 0.494 | 0.130 | | | 0.330 | 0.043 | | -|---|---|---| 2 |79 |67 | 146 | | 0.541 | 0.459 | 0.627 | | 0.506 | 0.870 | | | 0.339 | 0.288 | | -|---|---|---| Column Total | 156 |77 | 233 | | 0.670 | 0.330 | | -|---|---|---| -- David Winsemius On Jan 10, 2009, at 11:32 AM, Bhargab Chattopadhyay wrote: Hi, I want to set a make a contingency table which will look like this.. The problem is that I can't set the table like the following. col1 col2 Total row1 a b n10 rp1 rp2100 cp1 cp2 rtp1 - row2 c d n20 rp3 rp4 100 cp3 cp4 rtp2 - Totaln01 n02 n ctp1 ctp2 100 100 100100 Suppose a-67; b-10; c-79; d-67; n-a+b+c+d; n10-a+b; n01-a+c; n20-n-n10; n02-n-n01; rp1-(a/n10)*100; rp2-100-rp1; rp3-(c/n20)*100; rp4-100-rp3; cp1-(a/n01)*100; cp2-100-cp1; cp3-(c/n02)*100; cp4-100-cp3; rtp1-(n10/n)*100; rtp2-100-rtp1; ctp1-(n01/n)*100; ctp2-100-ctp1; After this I can't procced in a meaningful way. Can anyone help me out? Thanks in advance. Bhargab [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] install.views()
Does your session info show that you have ctv installed? sessionInfo() R version 2.8.0 Patched (2008-11-14 r46932) i386-apple-darwin9.5.0 locale: en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/C/C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8 attached base packages: [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base other attached packages: [1] ctv_0.4-7 gmodels_2.14.1 loaded via a namespace (and not attached): [1] MASS_7.2-45 gdata_2.4.2 gtools_2.5.0 tools_2.8.0 -- David Winsemius On Jan 10, 2009, at 3:00 PM, oscar linares wrote: Dear Rxperts, Using R 2.8.1 and trying install.views(Cluster) getting error Error: could not find function install.views Please help:-( -- Oscar Oscar A. Linares Molecular Medicine Unit Bolles Harbor Monroe, Michigan [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Hmisc-xtable label
Dear all:
Does anybody know about label conflicts between xtable and Hmisc? I found a
couple of e-mails similar to this problem but is not clear to me how to get
around the label problem.
The first table(longtable below) is generated with the latex function from
Hmisc but for some reason when I try to hyperlink to it,it takes me to the top
of the document. The second table created with the xtable package(bottom of
document)hyperlinks OK, but if I would create the bottom table first using
xtable and then create the longtable using Hmisc then the hyperlink works OK on
the longtable but not on the other one. Thanks
I'am using Sweave and Miktex, windows XP,R-2.8.1 to generate the document below:
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{floatflt,graphicx,times}
\usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames]{color}
\usepackage{longtable,pdflscape}
\usepackage{rotating}
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage[ps2pdf,
bookmarks=true,
bookmarksnumbered=false,
bookmarksopen=false,
colorlinks=true,
linkcolor=webblue]{hyperref}
\definecolor{webgreen}{rgb}{0, 0.5, 0} % less intense green
\definecolor{webblue}{rgb}{0, 0, 0.5} % less intense blue
\definecolor{webred}{rgb}{0.5, 0, 0} % less intense red
\usepackage[all]{hypcap}
\pdfbookmark[1]{Contents}{table}
\title{BROOD-YEAR 2007 WINTER CHINOOK JUVENILE PRODUCTION}
\author{Felipe D. Carrillo}
\date{January 5, 2009}
\pagestyle{headings}
\parskip 7.2pt
\begin{document}
\setkeys{Gin}{width=1.1\textwidth}
\maketitle
\tableofcontents
The hyperlink of table 1 doesn't work but the hyperlink of table 2 works OK
\newpage
\listoftables
\listoffigures
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Winter-run Chinook salmon is one of four distinct runs of Chinook salmon
(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
\section{Study Area}
The Sacramento River is the largest river system in California, flowing south
through 600 kilometers (km)...
\section{Methods}
\subsection{Sampling gear}
Sampling was conducted along a transect using four 2.4 m diameter rotary-screw
traps.
\subsection{Sampling regimes}
In general, rotary traps sampled continuously throughout 24-hour periods and
were serviced once daily.
\subsection{Data collection}
All fish captured were anesthetized, identified to species..
The first table(longtable below) is generated with the latex function from
Hmisc but for some reason when I try to hyperlink to it
takes me to the top of the document. The second table created with the xtable
package(bottom of document)hyperlinks OK, but
If I would create the bottom table first using xtable and then create the
longtable using Hmisc then the hyperlink works OK on the
longtable but not on the other one. Does anybody know about conflicts between
these two packages? I found a couple of e-mails similar to
this problem but is not clear to me how to get around the label problem. Thanks
\newpage
tab.R,echo=FALSE,results=tex=
library(Hmisc)
x - matrix(rnorm(1000), ncol = 10)
x.big - data.frame(x)
latex(x.big,,label=tab:nice,file=,longtable=TRUE, dec=2,landscape=TRUE,
caption='longtable generated with Hmisc.')
@
\section{Results}
\subsection{Sampling effort}
Weekly sampling effort throughout the 2006 brood-year emigration period was
highly variable and ranged
from 0.21 to 1.00 (0 = 0.74, N = 52 weeks; Table 1). Weekly sampling effort
ranged from 0.21 to 1.00 (0 = 0.73, N = 26 weeks)
between July and December, the period of greatest juvenile winter Chinook
emigration, and 0.21 to 1.00 (0 = 0.75, N = 26 weeks)
during the latter half of the emigration period (Table 1).\\
\subsection{Trap efficiency trials}
Eight mark-recapture trials were conducted using naturally produced fall run
fry sized Chinook
tab.RR,echo=F,results=tex=
library(xtable)
x - matrix(rnorm(100), ncol = 10)
ci.table - data.frame(x)
ci.table - xtable(x,label='tab:mytable',align=ccc,caption='Table
created with xtable',digits=0)
print(ci.table,tabular.environment='longtable',include.rownames=FALSE,floating=FALSE)
@
\end{document}
Felipe D. Carrillo
Supervisory Fishery Biologist
Department of the Interior
US Fish Wildlife Service
California, USA
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PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] R in the NY Times
Bert Gunter gunter.ber...@gene.com [Sat, Jan 10, 2009 at 08:31:03PM CET]: [...] Perhaps an argument is that certain code might not get written at all if it were not proprietary. Device drivers might be an example. Device drivers are not an example. Linux is ubiquitous _despite_ device manufacturers being secretive about their protocols and interfaces. There's a whole lot of people out there who seem to take pride, if not joy, in reengineering. At the moment I am profiting immensely from the gpsbabel tool, which translates readily between all different GPS-related formats, closed or documented. -- Johannes Hüsing There is something fascinating about science. One gets such wholesale returns of conjecture mailto:johan...@huesing.name from such a trifling investment of fact. http://derwisch.wikidot.com (Mark Twain, Life on the Mississippi) __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] R in the NY Times
There do exist device manufacturers who GPL their device drivers, e.g. http://freshmeat.net/projects/wanpipe/?branch_id=73783release_id=290741 On Sat, Jan 10, 2009 at 2:31 PM, Bert Gunter gunter.ber...@gene.com wrote: I think the substance of the issue is that the more eyes on code, the fewer the bugs (assuming a well-designed examination and debugging process is in place, as is typical for large open source projects like R). By this (obvious?)criterion, both the remarks about the dangers of proprietary code and the greater unreliability of R's lesser-used specialty packages, which by their nature tend to be less carefully perused, are valid. Perhaps an argument is that certain code might not get written at all if it were not proprietary. Device drivers might be an example. But possibly other than that, it does seem like SAS needs to reconsider their marketing strategy and advertising claims. Anecdotal remark: I orginally moved from S-Plus to R because R provided **better** documentation, support, and had fewer bugs, which were more rapidly fixed when found. One of my smarter investment choices. Cheers to all, Bert Gunter -Original Message- From: r-help-boun...@r-project.org [mailto:r-help-boun...@r-project.org] On Behalf Of Barry Rowlingson Sent: Saturday, January 10, 2009 10:32 AM To: Tony Breyal Cc: r-help@r-project.org Subject: Re: [R] R in the NY Times 2009/1/10 Tony Breyal tony.bre...@googlemail.com: [SAS marketroid quote] In fact, SAS values open-source software. But clearly not enough to open-source SAS itself. It would seem that SAS values _other_people's_ open source. If SAS was open source and free, then SAS would collect on all the other things Customers value SAS for - support, testing, training, docs, etc etc. And there would be a lot more people using it. Another quote: We advocate approaches based on science - closed source is closed knowledge and is nearer alchemy than science. I may use proprietary software for video editing or music production, but when it comes to science, it's got to be open. Barru __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Hmisc-xtable label (Solved)
As soon as I sent the e-mail I found a solution to the hyperlink problem.
I removed the squared brackets and the number 1 from the line below. I don't
know why I had the number there in the first place.
\pdfbookmark[1]{Contents}{table}
--- On Sat, 1/10/09, Felipe Carrillo mazatlanmex...@yahoo.com wrote:
From: Felipe Carrillo mazatlanmex...@yahoo.com
Subject: [R] Hmisc-xtable label
To: r-h...@stat.math.ethz.ch
Date: Saturday, January 10, 2009, 1:36 PM
Dear all:
Does anybody know about label conflicts between xtable and
Hmisc? I found a couple of e-mails similar to this problem
but is not clear to me how to get around the label problem.
The first table(longtable below) is generated with the
latex function from Hmisc but for some reason when I try to
hyperlink to it,it takes me to the top of the document. The
second table created with the xtable package(bottom of
document)hyperlinks OK, but if I would create the bottom
table first using xtable and then create the longtable using
Hmisc then the hyperlink works OK on the longtable but not
on the other one. Thanks
I'am using Sweave and Miktex, windows XP,R-2.8.1 to
generate the document below:
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{floatflt,graphicx,times}
\usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames]{color}
\usepackage{longtable,pdflscape}
\usepackage{rotating}
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage[ps2pdf,
bookmarks=true,
bookmarksnumbered=false,
bookmarksopen=false,
colorlinks=true,
linkcolor=webblue]{hyperref}
\definecolor{webgreen}{rgb}{0, 0.5, 0} % less intense
green
\definecolor{webblue}{rgb}{0, 0, 0.5} % less intense
blue
\definecolor{webred}{rgb}{0.5, 0, 0} % less intense red
\usepackage[all]{hypcap}
\pdfbookmark[1]{Contents}{table}
\title{BROOD-YEAR 2007 WINTER CHINOOK JUVENILE
PRODUCTION}
\author{Felipe D. Carrillo}
\date{January 5, 2009}
\pagestyle{headings}
\parskip 7.2pt
\begin{document}
\setkeys{Gin}{width=1.1\textwidth}
\maketitle
\tableofcontents
The hyperlink of table 1 doesn't work but the
hyperlink of table 2 works OK
\newpage
\listoftables
\listoffigures
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Winter-run Chinook salmon is one of four distinct
runs of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha)
\section{Study Area}
The Sacramento River is the largest river system in
California, flowing south through 600 kilometers (km)...
\section{Methods}
\subsection{Sampling gear}
Sampling was conducted along a transect using four 2.4 m
diameter rotary-screw traps.
\subsection{Sampling regimes}
In general, rotary traps sampled continuously throughout
24-hour periods and were serviced once daily.
\subsection{Data collection}
All fish captured were anesthetized, identified to
species..
The first table(longtable below) is generated with the
latex function from Hmisc but for some reason when I try to
hyperlink to it
takes me to the top of the document. The second table
created with the xtable package(bottom of
document)hyperlinks OK, but
If I would create the bottom table first using xtable and
then create the longtable using Hmisc then the hyperlink
works OK on the
longtable but not on the other one. Does anybody know
about conflicts between these two packages? I found a couple
of e-mails similar to
this problem but is not clear to me how to get around the
label problem. Thanks
\newpage
tab.R,echo=FALSE,results=tex=
library(Hmisc)
x - matrix(rnorm(1000), ncol = 10)
x.big - data.frame(x)
latex(x.big,,label=tab:nice,file=,longtable=TRUE,
dec=2,landscape=TRUE,
caption='longtable generated with Hmisc.')
@
\section{Results}
\subsection{Sampling effort}
Weekly sampling effort throughout the 2006 brood-year
emigration period was highly variable and ranged
from 0.21 to 1.00 (0 = 0.74, N = 52 weeks; Table 1).
Weekly sampling effort ranged from 0.21 to 1.00 (0 = 0.73, N
= 26 weeks)
between July and December, the period of greatest juvenile
winter Chinook emigration, and 0.21 to 1.00 (0 = 0.75, N =
26 weeks)
during the latter half of the emigration period (Table
1).\\
\subsection{Trap efficiency trials}
Eight mark-recapture trials were conducted using naturally
produced fall run fry sized Chinook
tab.RR,echo=F,results=tex=
library(xtable)
x - matrix(rnorm(100), ncol = 10)
ci.table - data.frame(x)
ci.table -
xtable(x,label='tab:mytable',align=ccc,caption='Table
created with xtable',digits=0)
print(ci.table,tabular.environment='longtable',include.rownames=FALSE,floating=FALSE)
@
\end{document}
Felipe D. Carrillo
Supervisory Fishery Biologist
Department of the Interior
US Fish Wildlife Service
California, USA
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[R] how to get the signed distance in SVM?
Dear all, In the svm() function in the package e1071, is there anyway to get the signed distance of a sample point to the separating hyperplane in the feature space? Namely, if the separating hyperplane is given by f(x) = h(x)^T * w - rho, is there any way to get f(x)? Also, in the returned values of the function svm(), what does $coefs mean? It is said to be the corresponding coefficients times the training labels, but I don't know what is that corresponding coefficients denoting? Thank you very much! Best, Qing __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Problem with compiling shared C/C++ library for loading into R (Linux)
I am using the .Call interface to call c++ code from R. For that, I am trying to create a dynamic library (mylib.so) using R CMD SHLIB by linking my own c++ code and an external c++ library (blitz++). The makefile works fine on my Mac, produces mylib.so and I am able to call .Call() from R, but on a linux server (I think Debian), I got the following error: -- /usr/bin/ld: /somepath/blitz/lib/libblitz.a(globals.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `a local symbol' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC /somepath/blitz/lib/libblitz.a: could not read symbols: Bad value collect2: ld returned 1 exit status -- I tried recompiling the blitz++ library with the -fPIC flag, and then linking using -fPIC, it went thorugh without error producing a mylib.so file. But when I tried dyn.load(mylib.so) from R, I got the error: -- Error in dyn.load(mylib.so) : unable to load shared library '/somepath/mylib.so': /somepath/mylib.so: undefined symbol: _ZSt4cerr - I will really appreciate any help or advice on this problem. --Samsiddhi __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Problem with compiling shared C/C++ library for loading into R (Linux)
Dear all, Sorry about posting this to R-help by mistake. I just realized it belongs to the r-devel list. So I am reposting it there. - I am using the .Call interface to call c++ code from R. For that, I am trying to create a dynamic library (mylib.so) using R CMD SHLIB by linking my own c++ code and an external c++ library (blitz++). The makefile works fine on my Mac, produces mylib.so and I am able to call .Call() from R, but on a linux server (I think Debian), I got the following error: -- /usr/bin/ld: /somepath/blitz/lib/libblitz.a(globals.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `a local symbol' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC /somepath/blitz/lib/libblitz.a: could not read symbols: Bad value collect2: ld returned 1 exit status -- I tried recompiling the blitz++ library with the -fPIC flag, and then linking using -fPIC, it went thorugh without error producing a mylib.so file. But when I tried dyn.load(mylib.so) from R, I got the error: -- Error in dyn.load(mylib.so) : unable to load shared library '/somepath/mylib.so': /somepath/mylib.so: undefined symbol: _ZSt4cerr - I will really appreciate any help or advice on this problem. --Samsiddhi __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Rserve/RandomForest does not work with a CSV?
Hi all,
We're using Rserve and RandomForest to do classification from within a
Java program. The total is about 4 lines of R code:
library('randomForest')
x
y
future
fit-randomForest(x,y,no.action=na.roughfix,importance=T,proximity=T)
p-predict(fit, future)
What is very frustrating is that we have tried this two different ways
(both work in R):
1. Load x, y, and future from a CSV. If I do this, Rserve throws an
error when randomForest() is called.
2. Load x, y, and future by using arrays, and manually building them. If
I do this, randomForest() works fine.
Either way can be done inside of R, and they work great.
Rserve is running as root, and our Java application is running inside of
Tomcat, and is also running as root.
The actual code looks something like:
RConnection conn = new RConnection(127.0.0.1);
conn.voidEval(library('randomForest'));
conn.voidEval(train-read.csv(\ + (outfile.getAbsolutePath()) +
\,header=FALSE));
conn.voidEval(x-train[1: + totalTrainData + ,1:11]);
conn.voidEval(y-as.factor(train[1: + totalTrainData + ,12]));
conn.voidEval(future-train[ + (totalTrainData + 1) + : +
(totalTrainData + totalPredictions) + ,1:11]);
conn.voidEval(fit-randomForest(x,y,no.action=na.roughfix,importance=T,proximity=T));
conn.voidEval(p-predict(fit, future));
conn.voidEval(write.csv(p, file=\ + (filename.getAbsolutePath()) + \));
Every time we use this, it errors on the randomForest() call.
(If I run this in R, it works perfectly fine).
Any ideas why I cannot call randomForest() this way, but if instead, the x
/ y / future values are built using the array command, it works fine?
As a secondary question, is it faster/slower to do it this way? Certainly
is pretty convenient to use the CSV's.
This one is driving us bonkers!
--
Anthony
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Re: [R] The R Inferno
Hi Pat R-list, Congratulation for this very informative and funny reading! I enjoyed so much. Best wishes, miltinho astronauta brazil On Sat, Jan 10, 2009 at 1:31 PM, Ajay ohri ohri2...@gmail.com wrote: Hi , I have been trying to convince Pat to come up with a book on this. He can add in the chapters on *Purgatorio* (Purgatoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purgatory), and *Paradiso* (Paradise http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaven) Regards, Ajay On Sat, Jan 10, 2009 at 9:33 PM, Jason Morgan jwm-r-h...@skepsi.net wrote: Excellent read, Patrick. A very useful and clear guide. On 2009.01.09 16:14:49, Patrick Burns wrote: The R Inferno is now on the Burns Statistics website at http://www.burns-stat.com/pages/Tutor/R_inferno.pdf Abstract: If you are using R and you think you're in hell, this is a map for you. Also, I've expanded the outline concerning R on the Burns Statistics 'Links' page. Suggestions (off-list) for additional items are encouraged. Patrick Burns patr...@burns-stat.com +44 (0)20 8525 0696 http://www.burns-stat.com (home of The R Inferno and A Guide for the Unwilling S User) __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. -- ~ Jason Morgan __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Arguments for Rcmd BATCH
I suggested you use Rscript, please do. R CMD BATCH is the Unix-alike notation. Rcmd BATCH is the recommended way on Windows, but R CMD BATCH is also accepted. There is nothing to reproduce here, so here is a simple example. tystie% cat foo.R args - commandArgs(TRUE) print(args) tystie% Rscript foo.R parms=1:33 [1] parms=1:33 You can redirect the output as you wish. On Sun, 11 Jan 2009, Andrew Hicks wrote: Dear Professor Ripley, Firstly, thank you very much for your advice. I was not aware my R was so old. Sorry I must have missed the instruction on reading the posting guidelines. I have updated it and it now runs again. This is a big step forward. However it is not running properly (or I am doing something wrong). There are still two problems may I ask for your help with please? 1. When I call the script it fails with the following message in the output file: ##First read in the arguments listed at the command line args - commandArgs(TRUE) Error in commandArgs(TRUE) : unused argument(s) (TRUE) Execution halted 2. The diagnostic details (that should be going to test01b.ROUT are now going to strange places, overwriting the test01b.R file if I do not include the and redirectors. I am now using the following syntax, from the manual: Rcmd BATCH --no-save --no-restore --args parms=c(1,2,3) test01b.R test01b.ROUT That's nothing like what is documented. Currently it is writing the output to parms=c(1,2,3).ROUT This is attached but says fatal error cannot open file --args The file test01b.ROUT is created but empty. I get the same results if I start it with R CMD BATCH ... Is the a difference between R CMD... and Rcmd... please? The manual is not very clear on this. I am sorry to impose on you but guess I am still doing something wrong. I have looked through the documentation but cannot find much on this or many examples. Many thanks, Andrew Hicks -Original Message- From: Prof Brian Ripley [mailto:rip...@stats.ox.ac.uk] Sent: 10 January 2009 18:18 To: Andrew Hicks Cc: r-help@r-project.org Subject: Re: [R] Arguments for Rcmd BATCH Your R is far too old, and in particular too old for the example you are trying. Please do you as asked in the posting guide to do before posting, and upgrade. Then you will have Rscript, as described in the current 'An Introduction to R' manual for this purpose (with examples). On Sat, 10 Jan 2009, Andrew Hicks wrote: Sorry to bother you and I hope this will be easy to solve. I am trying to run R scripts in batch, called from another programme, under Windows XP. I have R 2.4.1 I need to be able to pass a list of numeric arguments to the script as well. The Rscript and its input data file are attached. I have been trying the syntax below but it doesn't work: Rcmd BATCH -no-save -no-restore -args parms=c(1,2,3) test01b.R (each of these BATCH options is preceded by 2 - characters, but my Outlook is munging them together here) The script then accesses (or tries to) the variables as parms[1], parms[2], etc. I get the respose unable to open input file at the command line and no other diagnostic output. I got this syntax from p85 of the R-Intro doc and from the website http://quantitative-ecology.blogspot.com/search/label/scripts. I could not find any other illustrations or instructions of how to use args with BATCH. Without using any parameter args it otherwise runs fine. Please can you advise what am I doing wrong and how should this command be structured? Do I also need to change the way the script is accessing the arguments? Many thanks, Andrew Hicks -- Brian D. Ripley, rip...@stats.ox.ac.uk Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/ University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self) 1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA) Oxford OX1 3TG, UKFax: +44 1865 272595 -- Brian D. Ripley, rip...@stats.ox.ac.uk Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/ University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self) 1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA) Oxford OX1 3TG, UKFax: +44 1865 272595 __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Zipf fitting using R
Hi there, I haven't seen any answers to your question on the list, so here's a rather late response. I'm not familiar with the VGAM package, but if you just want to fit Zipf's law (did you mean Zipf's law or an actual probability distribution?) to some data, why not do this directly with nls() or optim()? If you pass the Zipf equation to those functions, they should give you estimates for the parameters you're interested in. If you're particularly interested in low-frequency data (i.e. the long tail of the Zipf ranking) and actual probability distributions, you could try our zipfR package available from CRAN. The tutorial and background materials at http://zipfR.R-Forge.R-project.org/ should help you to get started and will also explain how to calculate the coefficients of Zipf's law from estimates of the model parameters. Best regards, Stefan Evert [ stefan.ev...@uos.de | http://purl.org/stefan.evert ] On 27 Dec 2008, at 10:01, Epithemeus wrote: Dear R-users, I am new to R and would like to use it for fitting the zipf distribution to some numeric data that I have. Here's the snippet that I use: library(VGAM) X - read.table(file(~\\mydata.txt, encoding=latin1)) w - as.vector(t((X[2]))) w - w/sum(w) y - (1:length(w)) fit = vglm (y ~ 1, zipf, tra=TRUE, weight=w) zipf(N=NULL, link=loge, earg=w, init.s=NULL) coef(fit, matrix=FALSE) [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Arguments for Rcmd BATCH
Dear Professor Ripley, Firstly, thank you very much for your advice. I was not aware my R was so old. Sorry I must have missed the instruction on reading the posting guidelines. I have updated it and it now runs again. This is a big step forward. However it is not running properly (or I am doing something wrong). There are still two problems may I ask for your help with please? 1. When I call the script it fails with the following message in the output file: ##First read in the arguments listed at the command line args - commandArgs(TRUE) Error in commandArgs(TRUE) : unused argument(s) (TRUE) Execution halted 2. The diagnostic details (that should be going to test01b.ROUT are now going to strange places, overwriting the test01b.R file if I do not include the and redirectors. I am now using the following syntax, from the manual: Rcmd BATCH --no-save --no-restore --args parms=c(1,2,3) test01b.R test01b.ROUT Currently it is writing the output to parms=c(1,2,3).ROUT This is attached but says fatal error cannot open file --args The file test01b.ROUT is created but empty. I get the same results if I start it with R CMD BATCH ... Is the a difference between R CMD... and Rcmd... please? The manual is not very clear on this. I am sorry to impose on you but guess I am still doing something wrong. I have looked through the documentation but cannot find much on this or many examples. Many thanks, Andrew Hicks -Original Message- From: Prof Brian Ripley [mailto:rip...@stats.ox.ac.uk] Sent: 10 January 2009 18:18 To: Andrew Hicks Cc: r-help@r-project.org Subject: Re: [R] Arguments for Rcmd BATCH Your R is far too old, and in particular too old for the example you are trying. Please do you as asked in the posting guide to do before posting, and upgrade. Then you will have Rscript, as described in the current 'An Introduction to R' manual for this purpose (with examples). On Sat, 10 Jan 2009, Andrew Hicks wrote: Sorry to bother you and I hope this will be easy to solve. I am trying to run R scripts in batch, called from another programme, under Windows XP. I have R 2.4.1 I need to be able to pass a list of numeric arguments to the script as well. The Rscript and its input data file are attached. I have been trying the syntax below but it doesn't work: Rcmd BATCH -no-save -no-restore -args parms=c(1,2,3) test01b.R (each of these BATCH options is preceded by 2 - characters, but my Outlook is munging them together here) The script then accesses (or tries to) the variables as parms[1], parms[2], etc. I get the respose unable to open input file at the command line and no other diagnostic output. I got this syntax from p85 of the R-Intro doc and from the website http://quantitative-ecology.blogspot.com/search/label/scripts. I could not find any other illustrations or instructions of how to use args with BATCH. Without using any parameter args it otherwise runs fine. Please can you advise what am I doing wrong and how should this command be structured? Do I also need to change the way the script is accessing the arguments? Many thanks, Andrew Hicks -- Brian D. Ripley, rip...@stats.ox.ac.uk Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/ University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self) 1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA) Oxford OX1 3TG, UKFax: +44 1865 272595 __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] temporal join
I have dataframe a: sym date val1 === foo 20090101 a1 foo 20090102 a2 foo 20090103 a3 and dataframe b: sym date val2 === foo 20090104 b1 I would like to join/merge them to generate the following: sym date val2 val1 === foo 20090104 b1 a3 i.e. an equijoin on column 'sym' and a temporal join on column 'date' where the closest matching row is retrieved. I have been through the various regular/irregular timeseries packages and can not see anything like this. Regards. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] problems installing package XML to a computer without an internet connection
Hello, I am hoping for some advice regarding how I can install the XML package which I require to run package tm. Normally I would use the install package option, however, I have to install the packages to a laptop running XP. The laptop does not have an internet connection. Firstly I tried the file - XML_1.99-0.tar.gz . Below is the error I received Error in gzfile(file, r) : cannot open the connection In addition: Warning messages: 1: In zip.unpack(pkg, tmpDir) : error 1 in extracting from zip file 2: In gzfile(file, r) : cannot open compressed file 'XML_1.99-0.tar.gz/DESCRIPTION', probable reason 'No such file or directory' Then I tried XML 1.96-0.zip (from http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/RWin/bin/windows/contrib/2.7/). Below is the error I received Loading required package: XML Error in loadNamespace(i, c(lib.loc, .libPaths())) : there is no package called 'proxy' Error: package/namespace load failed for 'tm' Any suggestions are appreciated, Bob __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] problems installing package XML to a computer without an internet connection
On a computer with an internet connection use your browser to find and download the XML package zip file. (Note that this step does not involve using R.) Transfer zip file to XP. Start up R on the XP use the menus: Packages | Install package(s) from local zip file to install it. On Sat, Jan 10, 2009 at 9:50 PM, Bob Green bgr...@dyson.brisnet.org.au wrote: Hello, I am hoping for some advice regarding how I can install the XML package which I require to run package tm. Normally I would use the install package option, however, I have to install the packages to a laptop running XP. The laptop does not have an internet connection. Firstly I tried the file - XML_1.99-0.tar.gz . Below is the error I received Error in gzfile(file, r) : cannot open the connection In addition: Warning messages: 1: In zip.unpack(pkg, tmpDir) : error 1 in extracting from zip file 2: In gzfile(file, r) : cannot open compressed file 'XML_1.99-0.tar.gz/DESCRIPTION', probable reason 'No such file or directory' Then I tried XML 1.96-0.zip (from http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/RWin/bin/windows/contrib/2.7/). Below is the error I received Loading required package: XML Error in loadNamespace(i, c(lib.loc, .libPaths())) : there is no package called 'proxy' Error: package/namespace load failed for 'tm' Any suggestions are appreciated, Bob __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] I'm looking for a book about spatial point patterns (Diggle, 2003)
To understand some functions about spatial point patterns in spatstat ,I should know some background about it, and the best way is to read the monograph, and Statistical Analysis of Spatial Point Patterns (2nd edt.) is a better choise. But I can not find it anywhere I can. Who can help me? Thank you! - una...@gmail.com -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/I%27m-looking-for-a-book-about-spatial-point-patterns-%28Diggle%2C2003%29-tp21395908p21395908.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] install.views()
Thanks! Your suggestion did it:-) OAL On Sat, Jan 10, 2009 at 3:00 PM, oscar linares wins...@gmail.com wrote: Dear Rxperts, Using R 2.8.1 and trying install.views(Cluster) getting error Error: could not find function install.views Please help:-( -- Oscar Oscar A. Linares Molecular Medicine Unit Bolles Harbor Monroe, Michigan -- Oscar Oscar A. Linares Molecular Medicine Unit Bolles Harbor Monroe, Michigan [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Convert date/time string to date
I am new to R and am trying to import a text file that contains date/time and various fields. I want to sort this matrix by date and also perform calculations on the date field (difference between two dates etc). The format of the string looks as follows: x-c(25/2/2003 0:00:00) I tried: as.Date(x,format='%d/%m/%y') [1] 2020-02-25 Obviously I am doing something wrong here. I would like to remove the hh:mm:ss from the end of the string if possible. Thanks for your help, I have been searching for hours and not getting anywhere. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] problems installing package XML to a computer without an internet connection
Hello Gabor, I believe I used the method you described to download zip files for rJava, tm, matrix, filehash etc etc. There is no windows zip file for XML, only a gz file which I can't get to load through install local zip file. The XML zip file I located on http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/RWin/bin/windows/contrib/2.7/ resulted in the namespace error. regards Bob At 01:23 PM 11/01/2009, Gabor Grothendieck wrote: On a computer with an internet connection use your browser to find and download the XML package zip file. (Note that this step does not involve using R.) Transfer zip file to XP. Start up R on the XP use the menus: Packages | Install package(s) from local zip file to install it. On Sat, Jan 10, 2009 at 9:50 PM, Bob Green bgr...@dyson.brisnet.org.au wrote: Hello, I am hoping for some advice regarding how I can install the XML package which I require to run package tm. Normally I would use the install package option, however, I have to install the packages to a laptop running XP. The laptop does not have an internet connection. Firstly I tried the file - XML_1.99-0.tar.gz . Below is the error I received Error in gzfile(file, r) : cannot open the connection In addition: Warning messages: 1: In zip.unpack(pkg, tmpDir) : error 1 in extracting from zip file 2: In gzfile(file, r) : cannot open compressed file 'XML_1.99-0.tar.gz/DESCRIPTION', probable reason 'No such file or directory' Then I tried XML 1.96-0.zip (from http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/RWin/bin/windows/contrib/2.7/). Below is the error I received Loading required package: XML Error in loadNamespace(i, c(lib.loc, .libPaths())) : there is no package called 'proxy' Error: package/namespace load failed for 'tm' Any suggestions are appreciated, Bob __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] How to get solution of following polynomial?
Hi, I want find all roots for the following polynomial :
a - c(-0.07, 0.17); b - c(1, -4); cc - matrix(c(0.24, 0.00, -0.08,
-0.31), 2); d - matrix(c(0, 0, -0.13, -0.37), 2); e - matrix(c(0.2, 0,
-0.06, -0.34), 2)
A1 - diag(2) + a %*% t(b) + cc; A2 - -cc + d; A3 - -d + e; A4 - -e
fn - function(z)
{
y - diag(2) - A1*z - A2*z^2 - A3*z^3 - A4*z^4
return(det(y))
}; uniroot(fn, c(-10, 1))
Using uniroot function, I got only one solution of that. Is there any
function to get all four solutions? I looked at polyroot() function, but I
do not think it will work for my problem, because, my coef. are matrix, nor
number
Thanks
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