Re: [R] Make plots with GNUplot. Have anyone tried that?
On Fri, Feb 29, 2008 at 11:12 PM, Louise Hoffman [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: [snip] Seriously. Be specific if you have a problem. (read the posting guide). R can also plot. If you don't like R's plots (which I could not understand) you can export data and import them to gnuplot. So what? Okay, my post was not very good. The reason (I think) I need GNUplot, is that I would like to include the plots from R in a Latex report, where I would like to have all the text and equations in the plots with the same font as used in Latex. So when I read about opening and closing dev for making a pdf I figured that the plots that R produces are like the once Matlab makes; shows what they ought to, nothing more, nothing less. So I was wondering if anyone know of an GNUplot friendly format and the code that would produce that text file. I am new to both R and GNUplot, so I am pure ears if someone knows how to make such plots in R. Hi Louise, In addition to what Paul Murrell linked to regarding latex fonts, take a look at demo(plotmath). I really don't think you have to go outside of R to do what you want. In addition, if you aim to end up with a latex report I strongly encourage you to try out ?Sweave. It has certainly helped to streamline my workflow. Regards, Gustaf -- Gustaf Rydevik, M.Sci. tel: +46(0)703 051 451 address:Essingetorget 40,112 66 Stockholm, SE skype:gustaf_rydevik __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Make plots with GNUplot. Have anyone tried that?
LH == Louise Hoffman [EMAIL PROTECTED] on Sat, 1 Mar 2008 00:54:56 +0100 writes: If you still want to then read ?write.table, that can export your data into a spreadsheet-like ascii format which can be used from GNUplot easily. LH Very interesting. LH So if I e.g. write: LH ts.sim - arima.sim(list(order = c(1,1,0), ar = 0.7), n = 200) LH ts.plot(ts.sim) LH How do I know the names of the rows to put in the data.frame() command? Btw, comparing the graphics capabilities of GNUplot and R, it is something like a three-wheel bicycle and a spaceship. Guess which is which. LH =) I know that I will most likely spend a lot of time on just making LH the plots, but I atleast (for now =) ) think it could be fun to try. if you make them with R, yes. I wholeheartedly support Gabor's point: I'd consider GNUplot to be clearly inferior to R -- just talking about the graphics possibilties and the quality / thoughtfulness in the high-level plotting. If you have your data / objects / functions in R, I'm very strongly convinced that using GNUplot for plotting is ``the wrong'' approach by almost all definitions of wrong. Martin Maechler, ETH Zurich __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Make plots with GNUplot. Have anyone tried that?
On Mon, 3 Mar 2008, Martin Maechler wrote: LH == Louise Hoffman [EMAIL PROTECTED] on Sat, 1 Mar 2008 00:54:56 +0100 writes: If you still want to then read ?write.table, that can export your data into a spreadsheet-like ascii format which can be used from GNUplot easily. LH Very interesting. LH So if I e.g. write: LH ts.sim - arima.sim(list(order = c(1,1,0), ar = 0.7), n = 200) LH ts.plot(ts.sim) LH How do I know the names of the rows to put in the data.frame() command? Btw, comparing the graphics capabilities of GNUplot and R, it is something like a three-wheel bicycle and a spaceship. Guess which is which. LH =) I know that I will most likely spend a lot of time on just making LH the plots, but I atleast (for now =) ) think it could be fun to try. if you make them with R, yes. I wholeheartedly support Gabor's point: I'd consider GNUplot to be clearly inferior to R -- just talking about the graphics possibilties and the quality / thoughtfulness in the high-level plotting. If you have your data / objects / functions in R, I'm very strongly convinced that using GNUplot for plotting is ``the wrong'' approach by almost all definitions of wrong. In a later message Louise mentioned the desire to use TeX fonts for annotation, to match a LaTeX document. Paul Murrell has pointed out his and my article in R-News 2006-2 about how to do this. Louise almost mentioned the 'the gnuplot cvs which have pdfcairo support'. Well, R too has development versions, and I was able to do par(family=cmr10) plot(1:10) in R-devel and get annotations in Computer Modern on screen, or cairo_pdf() par(family=cmr10) plot(1:10) and get this on a PDF file. To do so you would need /usr/share/fonts/mathml/cmr10.ttf installed, at least on F8 (part of the mathml-fonts RPM). -- Brian D. Ripley, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/ University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self) 1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA) Oxford OX1 3TG, UKFax: +44 1865 272595 __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Make plots with GNUplot. Have anyone tried that?
The gp.plot function has a type option that can either be 'p' for points or 'l' for lines, the function is not that complicated, you could easily add additional options. I don't know why your code is not creating the pdf file, you could try plotting to the screen first (don't change the output and terminal), make sure that the plot is there, then change the output and terminal and do a replot to see if that works. Given that, I agree with the others that gnuplot is probably not the best tool for this. Others have mentioned how to use cmr and other fonts within R, or I mentioned the tool for converting a .eps file to a .pgf file that when input into LaTeX will use the current fonts. Gnuplot is a fine program for what it was designed for, but as you want more and more sophisticated statistical plots it will become more and more frustrating to do them using gnuplot. Gnuplot was not really designed as a statistical tool (more a mathematical one). I once heard that the difference between a mathematician and a statistician is that one knows the difference between a variable and a constant and the other one doesn't. I think the difference between mathematicians and statisticians can be seen in the response to the mean value theorem: the mathematician sees it and says cool, I can compute averages using integrals, the statistician sees it and says cool, I can compute integrals using averages. Hope this helps, -- Gregory (Greg) L. Snow Ph.D. Statistical Data Center Intermountain Healthcare [EMAIL PROTECTED] (801) 408-8111 -Original Message- From: Louise Hoffman [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Sunday, March 02, 2008 8:48 AM To: Greg Snow Cc: Gabor Csardi; r-help@r-project.org Subject: Re: [R] Make plots with GNUplot. Have anyone tried that? There is a very basic interface between R and gnuplot in the TeachingDemos package. Look at the help for gp.plot. [snip] This looks mighty interesting =) Is it possible to plot with lines (gnuplot syntex) so all the data points are connected? Also is it possible to make it write the output to a pdf file? (I using the gnuplot cvs which have pdfcairo support) When I try this, it doesn't write the pdf file. it works with gnuplot cvs. library(TeachingDemos) fuelData-read.table('fuel.csv',header=TRUE, sep=',') attach(fuelData) gp.open(where='/usr/local/bin/gnuplot') gp.send('set terminal pdfcairo font 'cmr10' size 8cm,4.6cm') gp.send('set output '../figures/q1-raw-data-gp.pdf'') gp.send('unset key') gp.send('set xlabel 'rtime'') gp.send('set ylabel 'FPI'') gp.send('set xrange [1979:2005]') gp.plot(rtime,fpi) gp.send('unset output') gp.close() __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Make plots with GNUplot. Have anyone tried that?
There was some discussion a while back of an R pgf driver for latex. Is anyone working on that? On Mon, Mar 3, 2008 at 2:09 PM, Greg Snow [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: The gp.plot function has a type option that can either be 'p' for points or 'l' for lines, the function is not that complicated, you could easily add additional options. I don't know why your code is not creating the pdf file, you could try plotting to the screen first (don't change the output and terminal), make sure that the plot is there, then change the output and terminal and do a replot to see if that works. Given that, I agree with the others that gnuplot is probably not the best tool for this. Others have mentioned how to use cmr and other fonts within R, or I mentioned the tool for converting a .eps file to a .pgf file that when input into LaTeX will use the current fonts. Gnuplot is a fine program for what it was designed for, but as you want more and more sophisticated statistical plots it will become more and more frustrating to do them using gnuplot. Gnuplot was not really designed as a statistical tool (more a mathematical one). I once heard that the difference between a mathematician and a statistician is that one knows the difference between a variable and a constant and the other one doesn't. I think the difference between mathematicians and statisticians can be seen in the response to the mean value theorem: the mathematician sees it and says cool, I can compute averages using integrals, the statistician sees it and says cool, I can compute integrals using averages. Hope this helps, -- Gregory (Greg) L. Snow Ph.D. Statistical Data Center Intermountain Healthcare [EMAIL PROTECTED] (801) 408-8111 -Original Message- From: Louise Hoffman [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Sunday, March 02, 2008 8:48 AM To: Greg Snow Cc: Gabor Csardi; r-help@r-project.org Subject: Re: [R] Make plots with GNUplot. Have anyone tried that? There is a very basic interface between R and gnuplot in the TeachingDemos package. Look at the help for gp.plot. [snip] This looks mighty interesting =) Is it possible to plot with lines (gnuplot syntex) so all the data points are connected? Also is it possible to make it write the output to a pdf file? (I using the gnuplot cvs which have pdfcairo support) When I try this, it doesn't write the pdf file. it works with gnuplot cvs. library(TeachingDemos) fuelData-read.table('fuel.csv',header=TRUE, sep=',') attach(fuelData) gp.open(where='/usr/local/bin/gnuplot') gp.send('set terminal pdfcairo font 'cmr10' size 8cm,4.6cm') gp.send('set output '../figures/q1-raw-data-gp.pdf'') gp.send('unset key') gp.send('set xlabel 'rtime'') gp.send('set ylabel 'FPI'') gp.send('set xrange [1979:2005]') gp.plot(rtime,fpi) gp.send('unset output') gp.close() __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Make plots with GNUplot. Have anyone tried that?
There is a very basic interface between R and gnuplot in the TeachingDemos package. Look at the help for gp.plot. [snip] This looks mighty interesting =) Is it possible to plot with lines (gnuplot syntex) so all the data points are connected? Also is it possible to make it write the output to a pdf file? (I using the gnuplot cvs which have pdfcairo support) When I try this, it doesn't write the pdf file. it works with gnuplot cvs. library(TeachingDemos) fuelData-read.table('fuel.csv',header=TRUE, sep=',') attach(fuelData) gp.open(where='/usr/local/bin/gnuplot') gp.send('set terminal pdfcairo font 'cmr10' size 8cm,4.6cm') gp.send('set output '../figures/q1-raw-data-gp.pdf'') gp.send('unset key') gp.send('set xlabel 'rtime'') gp.send('set ylabel 'FPI'') gp.send('set xrange [1979:2005]') gp.plot(rtime,fpi) gp.send('unset output') gp.close() __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Make plots with GNUplot. Have anyone tried that?
Hi Louise Hoffman wrote: [snip] Seriously. Be specific if you have a problem. (read the posting guide). R can also plot. If you don't like R's plots (which I could not understand) you can export data and import them to gnuplot. So what? Okay, my post was not very good. The reason (I think) I need GNUplot, is that I would like to include the plots from R in a Latex report, where I would like to have all the text and equations in the plots with the same font as used in Latex. Take a look at Non-standard fonts in PostScript and PDF graphics in http://cran.r-project.org/doc/Rnews/Rnews_2006-2.pdf, plus http://www.stat.auckland.ac.nz/~paul/R/CM/CMR.html These describe one way to use LaTeX fonts in R plots. Paul So when I read about opening and closing dev for making a pdf I figured that the plots that R produces are like the once Matlab makes; shows what they ought to, nothing more, nothing less. So I was wondering if anyone know of an GNUplot friendly format and the code that would produce that text file. I am new to both R and GNUplot, so I am pure ears if someone knows how to make such plots in R. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. -- Dr Paul Murrell Department of Statistics The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand 64 9 3737599 x85392 [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.stat.auckland.ac.nz/~paul/ __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Make plots with GNUplot. Have anyone tried that?
On Sat, Mar 01, 2008 at 12:54:56AM +0100, Louise Hoffman wrote: If you still want to then read ?write.table, that can export your data into a spreadsheet-like ascii format which can be used from GNUplot easily. Very interesting. So if I e.g. write: ts.sim - arima.sim(list(order = c(1,1,0), ar = 0.7), n = 200) ts.plot(ts.sim) How do I know the names of the rows to put in the data.frame() command? ??? Which data.frame() command? (Btw. now you're trying to plot from R?) Btw, comparing the graphics capabilities of GNUplot and R, it is something like a three-wheel bicycle and a spaceship. Guess which is which. =) I know that I will most likely spend a lot of time on just making the plots, but I atleast (for now =) ) think it could be fun to try. For you maybe, not for me. I'm lost, and I apologize, but I'll quit the discussion here. G. ps. i take back half of what i've said about GNUplot. It's a nice tool. Still, IMHO, (in most cases) it makes no sense to export data from R and plot it with GNUplot. -- Csardi Gabor [EMAIL PROTECTED]UNIL DGM __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Make plots with GNUplot. Have anyone tried that?
There is a very basic interface between R and gnuplot in the TeachingDemos package. Look at the help for gp.plot. gp.open will run gnuplot and link it to R, gp.plot will send data to gnuplot and create a scatterplot. (gp.send will send extra commands to gnuplot and gp.close will clean up). Feel free to extend this to fit your needs, From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] on behalf of Louise Hoffman Sent: Fri 2/29/2008 4:54 PM To: Gabor Csardi Cc: r-help@r-project.org Subject: Re: [R] Make plots with GNUplot. Have anyone tried that? If you still want to then read ?write.table, that can export your data into a spreadsheet-like ascii format which can be used from GNUplot easily. Very interesting. So if I e.g. write: ts.sim - arima.sim(list(order = c(1,1,0), ar = 0.7), n = 200) ts.plot(ts.sim) How do I know the names of the rows to put in the data.frame() command? Btw, comparing the graphics capabilities of GNUplot and R, it is something like a three-wheel bicycle and a spaceship. Guess which is which. =) I know that I will most likely spend a lot of time on just making the plots, but I atleast (for now =) ) think it could be fun to try. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Make plots with GNUplot. Have anyone tried that?
On Fri, Feb 29, 2008 at 2:12 PM, Louise Hoffman [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: [snip] Seriously. Be specific if you have a problem. (read the posting guide). R can also plot. If you don't like R's plots (which I could not understand) you can export data and import them to gnuplot. So what? Okay, my post was not very good. The reason (I think) I need GNUplot, is that I would like to include the plots from R in a Latex report, where I would like to have all the text and equations in the plots with the same font as used in Latex. FYI, the LaTeX 'psfrag' package was designed for the purpose of having LaTeX replace the text in EPS figures with text specified in LaTeX. That should give you the same font as in your main document. I haven't used it in a while but it normally does what you want. My $0.02 Henrik So when I read about opening and closing dev for making a pdf I figured that the plots that R produces are like the once Matlab makes; shows what they ought to, nothing more, nothing less. So I was wondering if anyone know of an GNUplot friendly format and the code that would produce that text file. I am new to both R and GNUplot, so I am pure ears if someone knows how to make such plots in R. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Make plots with GNUplot. Have anyone tried that?
Another option to get graphs in LaTeX using the same fonts as the rest of the document is to export from R as an eps file, then use eps2pgf (http://sourceforge.net/projects/eps2pgf) to convert to a pgf file. Then in the LaTeX file just use \input with the created .pgf file. This creates the graph inside of the LaTeX document using the default font(s) within the document. Hope this helps, From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] on behalf of Henrik Bengtsson Sent: Sat 3/1/2008 4:58 PM To: Louise Hoffman Cc: r-help@r-project.org Subject: Re: [R] Make plots with GNUplot. Have anyone tried that? On Fri, Feb 29, 2008 at 2:12 PM, Louise Hoffman [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: [snip] Seriously. Be specific if you have a problem. (read the posting guide). R can also plot. If you don't like R's plots (which I could not understand) you can export data and import them to gnuplot. So what? Okay, my post was not very good. The reason (I think) I need GNUplot, is that I would like to include the plots from R in a Latex report, where I would like to have all the text and equations in the plots with the same font as used in Latex. FYI, the LaTeX 'psfrag' package was designed for the purpose of having LaTeX replace the text in EPS figures with text specified in LaTeX. That should give you the same font as in your main document. I haven't used it in a while but it normally does what you want. My $0.02 Henrik So when I read about opening and closing dev for making a pdf I figured that the plots that R produces are like the once Matlab makes; shows what they ought to, nothing more, nothing less. So I was wondering if anyone know of an GNUplot friendly format and the code that would produce that text file. I am new to both R and GNUplot, so I am pure ears if someone knows how to make such plots in R. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
[R] Make plots with GNUplot. Have anyone tried that?
Dear readers, I would like to use GNUplot for the plots, but I can't find any information on how to do that. Have anyone tried that? =) Hugs, Louise __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Make plots with GNUplot. Have anyone tried that?
On Friday 29 February 2008 09:37:26 pm Louise Hoffman wrote: LH Dear readers, LH LH I would like to use GNUplot for the plots, but I can't find any LH information on how to do that. LH LH Have anyone tried that? =) LH LH Hugs, LH Louise LH Try http://gnuplot.info/ there is plenty information on how to do that. Seriously. Be specific if you have a problem. (read the posting guide). R can also plot. If you don't like R's plots (which I could not understand) you can export data and import them to gnuplot. So what? Stefan __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Make plots with GNUplot. Have anyone tried that?
[snip] Seriously. Be specific if you have a problem. (read the posting guide). R can also plot. If you don't like R's plots (which I could not understand) you can export data and import them to gnuplot. So what? Okay, my post was not very good. The reason (I think) I need GNUplot, is that I would like to include the plots from R in a Latex report, where I would like to have all the text and equations in the plots with the same font as used in Latex. So when I read about opening and closing dev for making a pdf I figured that the plots that R produces are like the once Matlab makes; shows what they ought to, nothing more, nothing less. So I was wondering if anyone know of an GNUplot friendly format and the code that would produce that text file. I am new to both R and GNUplot, so I am pure ears if someone knows how to make such plots in R. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Make plots with GNUplot. Have anyone tried that?
I believe that R can export all formats that GNUplot can produce, so i don't really see why you want to use GNUplot if you don't know it. If you still want to then read ?write.table, that can export your data into a spreadsheet-like ascii format which can be used from GNUplot easily. Btw, comparing the graphics capabilities of GNUplot and R, it is something like a three-wheel bicycle and a spaceship. Guess which is which. Gabor On Fri, Feb 29, 2008 at 11:12:50PM +0100, Louise Hoffman wrote: [snip] Seriously. Be specific if you have a problem. (read the posting guide). R can also plot. If you don't like R's plots (which I could not understand) you can export data and import them to gnuplot. So what? Okay, my post was not very good. The reason (I think) I need GNUplot, is that I would like to include the plots from R in a Latex report, where I would like to have all the text and equations in the plots with the same font as used in Latex. So when I read about opening and closing dev for making a pdf I figured that the plots that R produces are like the once Matlab makes; shows what they ought to, nothing more, nothing less. So I was wondering if anyone know of an GNUplot friendly format and the code that would produce that text file. I am new to both R and GNUplot, so I am pure ears if someone knows how to make such plots in R. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. -- Csardi Gabor [EMAIL PROTECTED]UNIL DGM __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Make plots with GNUplot. Have anyone tried that?
If you still want to then read ?write.table, that can export your data into a spreadsheet-like ascii format which can be used from GNUplot easily. Very interesting. So if I e.g. write: ts.sim - arima.sim(list(order = c(1,1,0), ar = 0.7), n = 200) ts.plot(ts.sim) How do I know the names of the rows to put in the data.frame() command? Btw, comparing the graphics capabilities of GNUplot and R, it is something like a three-wheel bicycle and a spaceship. Guess which is which. =) I know that I will most likely spend a lot of time on just making the plots, but I atleast (for now =) ) think it could be fun to try. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.