Re: [Biofuel] can they get any dumber II

[Ray in Atlanta GA]

Cmdr.  M. Holdener succeeded in making both himself and the US Navy 
sound like a bunch of a..H...s by claiming that they had more important 
things to do than rescue people. What does this butt wipe think we 
bother to pay his salary for?
Ray in Atlanta, GA

AntiFossil wrote:
> I hope these outstanding, and incredibly human Pilot's, displayed proper 
> military courtesy, once back on terra firma, by remembering to give the 
> appropriate one finger salute!!!
> 
> On 9/7/05, *bob allen* <[EMAIL PROTECTED] > wrote:
> 
> Two helicopter pilots are chastised for saving the lives of 110
> people from rising flood waters.
> Sent to kennel duty
> 
> 
> http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/national/AP-Katrina-Navy-Rescuers.html
> 
> 
> Fla. Pilots 'Counseled' for Rescues
> 
>  *
>E-Mail This
>  * Printer-Friendly
> 
> By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
> Published: September 7, 2005
> 
> Filed at 7:18 p.m. ET
> 
> PENSACOLA, Fla. (AP) -- Two Navy helicopter pilots were reminded of
> the importance of supply
> missions after delivering their cargo and then rescuing 110
> hurricane victims in New Orleans instead
> of immediately returning to base, the military said Wednesday.
> 
> One of the pilots was temporarily assigned to a kennel but that was
> not punishment, said Patrick
> Nichols, a civilian public affairs officer at Pensacola Naval Air
> Station.
> 
> ''They were not reprimanded,'' Nichols said. ''They were counseled.''
> 
> Lt. Matt Udkow and Lt. David Shand returned to the base from their
> mission on Aug. 30, a day after
> Hurricane Katrina made landfall, Nichols said.
> 
> Udkow and Shand met with Cmdr. Michael Holdener, who praised their
> actions but reminded them their
> orders were to fly water and other supplies to three destinations in
> Mississippi -- the Stennis
> Space Center, Pascagoula and Gulfport -- and then return to Pensacola.
> 
> ''The Hollywood role of this thing is search and rescue,'' Nichols
> said. ''Logistics was just as
> important. They realize that.''
> 
> The two air crews picked up a Coast Guard radio call that
> helicopters were needed for rescues in New
> Orleans, said Lt. Jim Hoeft, another Navy spokesman. They were out
> of radio range to Pensacola, so
> they decided to fly their helicopters to New Orleans and join the
> rescue effort without permission.
> 
> It took only minutes for the H-3 helicopters to fly to New Orleans,
> where Udkow's crew plucked
> people off rooftops. Shand landed his helicopter on the roof of an
> apartment building where more
> than a dozen people had been stranded. When he returned to get more,
> two crew members entered the
> building and found two blind residents and led them to the helicopter.
> 
> Udkow later received permission to continue with the rescue missions
> when he landed to refuel in New
> Orleans.
> 
> Both helicopters returned to Pensacola, about 200 miles east of New
> Orleans, by dark, as required by
> flight rules. Nichols said no supplies went undelivered as a result
> of the rescues.
> 
> The pilots and Holdener were not available for interviews Wednesday,
> Nichols said. He said Udkow was
> flying and Shand was resting between missions.
> 
> ''We all want to be the guys who rescue people,'' Holdener told The
> New York Times. ''But they were
> told we have other missions we have to do right now and that is not
> the priority.''
> 
> The air over New Orleans was so thick with helicopters a few days
> later that crews were having a
> hard time finding people who needed rescuing, but that was not the
> case when Udkow and Shand flew
> their rescue missions.
> 
> ''I would be looking at a family of two on one roof and maybe a
> family of six on another roof, and I
> would have to make a decision who to rescue,'' Udkow told the Times.
> ''It wasn't easy.''
> 
> Nichols said Udkow was in no way being punished by being put in
> charge of a temporary kennel in
> Pensacola for pets of military personnel who had been evacuated from
> hurricane-stricken areas.
> 
> ''It's a collateral duty,'' Nichols said. ''These guys don't just
> fly. They do other stuff.''
> 
> 
> --
> Bob Allen
> http://ozarker.org/bob
> 
> "Science is what we have learned about how to keep
> from fooling ourselves" - Richard Feynman
> 
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Re: [Biofuel] MSDS for 80% glycerol

[Toby Sarver]

Leif,
Here's some links:
http://www.sy-kogyo.co.jp/english/sei/1_gly.html
http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_glycerin.html
http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_glycsep.html

I'm sure you can find a biodiesel home brewer willing to share the glycerin
solution that comes from their biorefinery.  Understand that the glycerin
solution is not pure glycerin. You have to introduce methanol (to act as a
catalyst) and phosphoric acid in order to separate out the free fatty acids
(FFA's).

By the way, what are you planning on doing with it?

Good luck,
--Toby Sarver 

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Leif Forer
Sent: Friday, September 09, 2005 9:43 AM
To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
Subject: [Biofuel] MSDS for 80% glycerol

Does anyone have an MSDS for the roughly 80% pure glycerol we 
homebrewers produce when making biodiesel that you'd be willing to 
share?

~leif


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[Biofuel] Ethanol in the Philippines - just put it in and go?

[Vin Lava]

> A new list member (hi there!) told listadmin this a
> few days ago:

>> Ethanol has been introduced in Manila just this  >>
month and I'm getting excited about it. The rising >>
costs of fuel is really a burden here and through >>
this list,  I hope I would be able to gain lots of >>
knowledge about Ethanol. Our government is   >>
encouraging us to use this fuel, they're telling >> us
that we don't have to convert our engines in  >> order
for us to use Ethanol. I'm a little bit >> >> hesitant
but I guess they're right coz I've been >> reading
various sites from the web and they all   >> said that
there's no for us to have our existing >> engines
converted nor there are any bad effects in >> using
Ethanol.

> Any comments?

> Best wishes

> Keith

Hi Keith,

Cocodiesel, yes. But I haven't seen ethanol outside of
the media yet. There are still a few problems to be
worked out - growing sorghum or sugarcane, where is it
going to be grown and who is going to grow it, setting
up the plants to process it, and getting it into the
tanks of our vehicles.

If they're going to use sugarcane, what happens to our
sugar supply?

The oil companies here have big bucks invested in
their facilities and it might not be in their best
interests to have ethanol easily available unless
there's money to be made for them.

http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/man/2005/08/31/news/gas.firms.doubt.ethanol.can.be.used.as.alternative.fuel.right.away.html

"Gas firms doubt ethanol can be used as alternative
fuel right away"

There's also the problem of monoculture and growing
the crop sustainably. Mrs. Arroyo is in a bind here
with the questions raised about the credibility of her
election, Peak Oil, and Climate Change so I'd think
she'd like to give our people a few straws to clutch.

http://www.greencarcongress.com/2004/12/philippines_clo.html

"Philippines Close to National Ethanol Program"

http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/dav/2005/08/29/news/ethanol.plant.to.benefit.davao.bukidnon.zubiri.html

"Ethanol plant to benefit Davao, Bukidnon: Zubiri"

These say we should have a 25% blend of ethanol by
2010, *if* our Congress passes the Energy Bill.

However, if this can be done on a village level, there
might be something in it. But it would still take a
while to set it up. I wouldn't hold my breath just
now. :-)

In the meantime, I'll start homebrewing BD in January.
And I don't have to wait for our government or anyone
else to do it for me. :-)

Regards.

Vin Lava
Manila, Philippines




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Re: [Biofuel] Offers Pour In, but the U.S. Is Unprepared

[Mike Weaver]

The point of a government job is to *not to make work for yourself or 
your agency.*  These rules are pretty clear.
Everything, and I mean everything else is incidental.  Look at how the 
FBI kept shutting down the pre 9/11 clues.
They had all the pieces, but putting them together would have created a 
huge workload. 

See for yourself:

"Colleen Rowley retired from the F.B.I and blew the whistle on pre-9/11 
intelligence failures. Time Magazine named her person of year in 2002"


Brian Rodgers wrote:

>This is a letter to Brian Rodgers.
>I thought it appropriate for this thread.
>My friend Lee has more to say about aid efforts if anybody would like
>to see more.
>Brian
>
>Subject: If this doesn't piss you off you aren't paying attention...
>
>According to reliable sources, the efforts of Red Cross and individual
>volunteers in New Mexico to assist New Orleans evacuees have now
>largely been shut down by FEMA. The LA Times has just published an
>interview with Michael Brown of FEMA in which he openly acknowledges
>that FEMA is blocking the efforts not only of volunteers but also of
>fire and police departments. Says Brown the Bonehead,
>
>"There is going to come this natural time when we will release this
>floodgate of cops and firefighters who want to help. It's the same for
>anyone who wants to volunteer — we have over 50,000 offers of
>donations from the private sector. It has to be coordinated in such a
>way that it helps."
>
>In other words, they are deliberately and consciously obstructing
>relief efforts until such time as they see fit to do otherwise.
>
>http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-katrina8sep08,0,2942650.story
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>
>  
>


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[Biofuel] Using stored co2 energy (was: Shooting Down the Breeze)

[capt3d]

hey!  i just remembered, homebrew champagne makers are cautioned to make sure 
that all yeast has been killed before finla bottling, lest continued 
fermentation generate so much pressure that it pops the cork.  so i should 
think that 
mannick's idea is definitely worth exploring.

go for it dewd!  :)

best,

-chris b.

In a message dated 9/9/05 1:18:42 AM, I wrote:

>hi, kirk.  hi, mannick.
>
>>The percentage in solution is very pressure sensitive and. . . .
>
>the percentage of what?  yeast?  co2?
>
>>. . .champagne is hardy a pneumatic source.
>
>obviously, end-stage co2 generation, by definition, is only going to provide
>
>a single shot of pressurized gas per batch.  but that is still a fair amount
>
>of gas.  a 100 gallon batch would roughly equal 400 bottles of champagne.
> as 
>with so many things, the viability of conserving/converting that energy
>would 
>be determined by the processing setup and expectations of the processor.
>
>>If all the gas were sequestered I think you would
>>get premature cessation of fermentation as it would get too acid.
>
>again, this seems entirely plausible, but i've never run across such a
>
>caution.  winemaker's are warned against excess acidity primarily for reasons
>of 
>palate, but also because of the possibility that it can retard--not totally
>
>cease--fermentation.  even then, there are ways of neutralizing excess
>acid (though 
>i must admit i am ignorant of whether this is possible when the acidity
>is 
>from co2, or whether it would absorb/bond the gas).
>
>in any case, it strikes me as a very original notion, mannick.  there are
>
>technical considerations to be certain, but i would encourage exploring
>it 
>further.
>
>-chris b.
>

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Re: [Biofuel] can they get any dumber II

[AntiFossil]

I hope these outstanding, and incredibly human Pilot's, displayed
proper military courtesy, once back on terra firma, by remembering to
give the appropriate one finger salute!!!On 9/7/05, bob allen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
Two helicopter pilots are chastised for saving the lives of 110 people from rising flood waters.Sent to kennel dutyhttp://www.nytimes.com/aponline/national/AP-Katrina-Navy-Rescuers.html
Fla. Pilots 'Counseled' for Rescues *   E-Mail This * Printer-FriendlyBy THE ASSOCIATED PRESSPublished: September 7, 2005Filed at 7:18 p.m. ETPENSACOLA, Fla. (AP) -- Two Navy helicopter pilots were reminded of the importance of supply
missions after delivering their cargo and then rescuing 110 hurricane victims in New Orleans insteadof immediately returning to base, the military said Wednesday.One of the pilots was temporarily assigned to a kennel but that was not punishment, said Patrick
Nichols, a civilian public affairs officer at Pensacola Naval Air Station.''They were not reprimanded,'' Nichols said. ''They were counseled.''Lt. Matt Udkow and Lt. David Shand returned to the base from their mission on Aug. 30, a day after
Hurricane Katrina made landfall, Nichols said.Udkow and Shand met with Cmdr. Michael Holdener, who praised their actions but reminded them theirorders were to fly water and other supplies to three destinations in Mississippi -- the Stennis
Space Center, Pascagoula and Gulfport -- and then return to Pensacola.''The Hollywood role of this thing is search and rescue,'' Nichols said. ''Logistics was just asimportant. They realize that.''
The two air crews picked up a Coast Guard radio call that helicopters were needed for rescues in NewOrleans, said Lt. Jim Hoeft, another Navy spokesman. They were out of radio range to Pensacola, sothey decided to fly their helicopters to New Orleans and join the rescue effort without permission.
It took only minutes for the H-3 helicopters to fly to New Orleans, where Udkow's crew pluckedpeople off rooftops. Shand landed his helicopter on the roof of an apartment building where morethan a dozen people had been stranded. When he returned to get more, two crew members entered the
building and found two blind residents and led them to the helicopter.Udkow later received permission to continue with the rescue missions when he landed to refuel in NewOrleans.Both helicopters returned to Pensacola, about 200 miles east of New Orleans, by dark, as required by
flight rules. Nichols said no supplies went undelivered as a result of the rescues.The pilots and Holdener were not available for interviews Wednesday, Nichols said. He said Udkow wasflying and Shand was resting between missions.
''We all want to be the guys who rescue people,'' Holdener told The New York Times. ''But they weretold we have other missions we have to do right now and that is not the priority.''The air over New Orleans was so thick with helicopters a few days later that crews were having a
hard time finding people who needed rescuing, but that was not the case when Udkow and Shand flewtheir rescue missions.''I would be looking at a family of two on one roof and maybe a family of six on another roof, and I
would have to make a decision who to rescue,'' Udkow told the Times. ''It wasn't easy.''Nichols said Udkow was in no way being punished by being put in charge of a temporary kennel inPensacola for pets of military personnel who had been evacuated from hurricane-stricken areas.
''It's a collateral duty,'' Nichols said. ''These guys don't just fly. They do other stuff.''--Bob Allenhttp://ozarker.org/bob"Science is what we have learned about how to keep
from fooling ourselves" - Richard Feynman___Biofuel mailing listBiofuel@sustainablelists.org
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-- Mike KAntiFossilMN, USA"If you are neutral in situations of injustice, you have chosen the side of the oppressor.": Bishop Desmond Tutu -(1931- ) Nobel 
Prize for Peace 1984For in reason, all government without the consent of the governed is the very definition of slavery:Jonathan SwiftQuotes from Information Clearing House 
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Re: [Biofuel] Oil Giants Planned to Manipulate Gas Prices, Memos Reveal

[Kirk McLoren]

A friend phoned this morning to announce Standard had just posted the largest quarter's earning in history.
I got interrupted before he finished but I think he said something about this being the largest quarter's earning by any corporation in the history of the US. The largest in it's own history is bad enough but to be the largest in all US corporate history is criminal considering the social impact high petroleum prices are having. 
KirkKeith Addison <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
http://www.consumerwatchdog.org/The Foundation For Taxpayer & Consumer Rights (FTCR)Got Gas? Stop Oil Company Gouging!Read about FTCR's recent report on high gas prices and oil industry profiteering.http://www.consumerwatchdog.org/energy/pr/?postId=5084&pageTitle=New+S tudy+Finds+Oil+Company+Profiteering+Behind+Gasoline+Price+Spikes%3B+Bu sh+Called+Upon+To+Prevent+ProfiteeringOr:http://snipurl.com/hka2The California Attorney General has now announced an investigation into oil company gouging.http://www.zmag.org/content/newstandard.cfm?itemid=2336ZNet | NewStandard |Oil Giants Planned to Manipulate Gas Prices, Memos Reveal
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Re: [Biofuel] Katrina and Income Inequality

[capt3d]

my first post was written in the context of the two commentary pieces which had been posted.  the first being the very insightful piece about the racial aspects of news coverage.  the second, the piece which gave title to this thread.
 
-chris b.
 
taryn wrote:
 
>Hi all,>>Ok, I think I've finally caught up here.>Chris, in your first post of this thread you were quoting
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Re: [Biofuel] Bush: "What didn't go right?"

[capt3d]

the answer to that question goes all the way back to a certain dec. 12, 2000 supreme court decision. . . .
 
-chris b.
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Re: [Biofuel] Offers Pour In, but the U.S. Is Unprepared

[Brian Rodgers]

This is a letter to Brian Rodgers.
I thought it appropriate for this thread.
My friend Lee has more to say about aid efforts if anybody would like
to see more.
Brian

Subject: If this doesn't piss you off you aren't paying attention...

According to reliable sources, the efforts of Red Cross and individual
volunteers in New Mexico to assist New Orleans evacuees have now
largely been shut down by FEMA. The LA Times has just published an
interview with Michael Brown of FEMA in which he openly acknowledges
that FEMA is blocking the efforts not only of volunteers but also of
fire and police departments. Says Brown the Bonehead,

"There is going to come this natural time when we will release this
floodgate of cops and firefighters who want to help. It's the same for
anyone who wants to volunteer — we have over 50,000 offers of
donations from the private sector. It has to be coordinated in such a
way that it helps."

In other words, they are deliberately and consciously obstructing
relief efforts until such time as they see fit to do otherwise.

http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-katrina8sep08,0,2942650.story
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Re: [Biofuel] Ethanol in the Philippines - just put it in and go?

[Zeke Yewdall]

My understanding is that ethanol will run fine in existing gasoline
engines.  The difference is in compatibility with seals, and ability
to vaporize at lower temperatures.  It's got a bit higher vapor
pressure, so in northern US, it can create hard starting in the
wintertime.

It does have a bit lower energy content per gallon, and higher oxygen
content, which could confuse the electronic controls systems that most
cars have now.  They measure input airflow, and oxygen content in the
exhaust, and decide how much fuel can be put in and still assure
complete combustion.  I don't know if ethanol might mess this up. 
Older cabureated cars you'd probably just have to reset the jets.

The lower energy content per gallon also means that the mpg is a bit
less.  Somewhere around 10% I think???  If you designed the car to run
only on ethanol, then you can typically use a much higher compression
ratio (12:1 or so instead of 9:1 or less).  This gives you back alot
of the performance and mpg losses from using the lower energy content
fuel.

As far as seals, I haven't heard anything on ethanol causing seals to
degrade, but I may be wrong.  Just a few days ago on this listserve,
there was a discussion on methanol, and the possibility of high
concentrations of it hurting the aluminum and light alloy engines. It
seems like if it did have issues with corrosion or rubber degradation,
10% would be enough to cause them, and since most of the winter gas
sold in the northern US is 10% ethanol for pollution control, I
imagine it doesn't.

I wonder if they are using 100% ethanol, or ~95% ethanol (which is
what denatured ethanol usually is -- a little gasoline put in to keep
you from drinking it), or 95% ethanol/5% water which I understand is
the highest purity you can distill it to.  At that ratio, it forms a
constant boiling mixture, and you can't get it to 100% pure by
distillation.  Does anyone know how they get the last bit of water
out?  And whether it would affect the engine if they didn't?  It's in
solution, so I imagine it would just cause a little more water vapor
in the exhaust, and slighly lower mpg.   It shouldn't cause freezing,
since I've tried to freeze 100 proof vodka, and it stays liquid at
-10F, and this woud equivalent to 190 proof.

My two cents.

On 9/9/05, Keith Addison <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> A new list member (hi there!) told listadmin this a few days ago:
> 
> >Ethanol has been introduced in Manila just this month and
> >I'm getting excited about it. The rising costs of fuel is really a
> >burden here and through this list,  I hope I would be able to gain
> >lots of knowledge about Ethanol. Our government is encouraging us to
> >use this fuel, they're telling us that we don't have to convert our
> >engines in order for us to use Ethanol. I'm a little bit hesitant but
> >I guess they're right coz I've been reading various sites from the web
> >and they all said that there's no for us to have our existing engines
> >converted nor there are any bad effects in using Ethanol.
> 
> Any comments?
> 
> Best wishes
> 
> Keith
> 
> 
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[Biofuel] The Man Who Betrayed the Poor

[Keith Addison]

http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=2&ItemID=8685
ZNet |Africa |

The Man Who Betrayed the Poor

Even as the G8 promises fall apart, Geldof stays silent

by George Monbiot

September 06, 2005

Two months have not elapsed since the G8 summit, and already almost 
everything has turned to ashes. Even the crustiest sceptics have been 
shocked by the speed with which its promises have been broken.

It is true that they didn't amount to much. The World Development 
Movement described the agreement as "a disaster for the world's 
poor."(1) ActionAid complained that "the G8 have completely failed to 
deliver trade justice."(2) Christian Aid called July 8th as "a sad 
day for poor people in Africa and all over the world."(3) Oxfam 
lamented that "neither the necessary sense of urgency nor the 
historic potential of Gleneagles was grasped by the G8."(4) But one 
man had a different view. Bob Geldof, who organised the Live8 events, 
announced that "a great justice has been done. .. On aid, 10 out of 
10; on debt, eight out of 10 ... Mission accomplished frankly."(5)

Had he not signed off like this, had he not gone on to describe a 
South African campaigner who had criticised the deal as "a 
disgrace"(6), Geldof could have walked away from the summit 
unencumbered by further responsibility. He could have spent the rest 
of his life on holiday, and no one would have minded. But it was 
because he gave the G8 his seal of approval, because he told us, in 
effect, that we could all go home and stop worrying about Africa that 
he now has a responsibility to speak out.

The uses to which a Geldof can be put are limited. Before the summit 
he was seen by campaigners as naive, ill-informed and unaccountable. 
But he can make public statements with the potential to embarrass 
politicians. While they don't usually rise above the "give us your 
focking money" level, they do have the effect of capturing the 
attention of the press. But though almost everything he said he was 
fighting for has fallen apart, he has yet to tell the public.

Immediately after the summit, as the world's attention shifted to the 
London bombs, Germany and Italy announced that they might not be able 
to meet the commitments they had just made, due to "budgetary 
constraints"(7). A week later, on July 15th, the World Development 
Movement obtained leaked documents showing that four of the IMF's 
European directors were trying to overturn the G8's debt deal(8). 
Four days after that, Gordon Brown dropped a bomb. He admitted that 
the aid package the G8 leaders had promised "includes the numbers for 
debt relief."(9) The extra money they had promised for aid and the 
extra money they had promised for debt relief were in fact one and 
the same.

Nine days after that, on July 28th, the United States, which had 
appeared to give some ground at Gleneagles, announced a pact with 
Australia, China and India to undermine the Kyoto protocol on climate 
change(10). On August 2nd, leaked documents from the World Bank 
showed that the G8 had not in fact granted 100% debt relief to 18 
countries, but had promised enough money only to write off their 
repayments for the next three years(11). On August 3rd, the United 
Nations revealed that only one third of the money needed for famine 
relief in Niger, and 14% of the money needed by Mali had been pledged 
by the rich nations(12). Some 5 million people in the western Sahel 
remained at risk of starvation.

Two weeks ago, we discovered that John Bolton, the new US ambassador 
to the United Nations, had proposed 750 amendments to the agreement 
which is meant to be concluded at next week's UN summit. He was, in 
effect, striking out the Millennium Development Goals on health, 
education and poverty relief, which the United Nations set in 
2000(13). Yesterday, ActionAid released a report showing that the 
first of these goals - equal access to schooling for boys and girls 
by 2005 - has been missed in over 70 countries(14). "Africa", it 
found, "is currently projected to miss every goal." There is so 
little resolve at the UN to do anything about it that the summit 
could deliver "a worse outcome than the situation before the G8." Yet 
Geldof remains silent.

"We are very critical of what Bob Geldof did during the G8 Summit", 
Demba Moussa Dembele of the African Forum on Alternatives tells me. 
"He did it for his self-promotion. This is why he marginalized 
African singers, putting the limelight on himself and Bono, rather 
than on the issues. â¤| The objectives of the whole Live8 campaign 
had little to do with poverty reduction in Africa. It was a scheme 
intended to project Geldof and Blair as humanitarian figures coming 
to the rescue of "poor and helpless" Africans."(15)

"Right from the beginning," says Kofi Mawuli Klu of the Forum of 
African Human Rights Defenders, "he has acted in his own selfish 
interests. It was all about self-promotion, about usurping the place 
of Africans. His message was 

[Biofuel] Oil Giants Planned to Manipulate Gas Prices, Memos Reveal

[Keith Addison]

http://www.consumerwatchdog.org/
The Foundation For Taxpayer & Consumer Rights (FTCR)
Got Gas? Stop Oil Company Gouging!

Read about FTCR's recent report on high gas prices and oil industry 
profiteering.
http://www.consumerwatchdog.org/energy/pr/?postId=5084&pageTitle=New+S 
tudy+Finds+Oil+Company+Profiteering+Behind+Gasoline+Price+Spikes%3B+Bu 
sh+Called+Upon+To+Prevent+Profiteering
Or:
http://snipurl.com/hka2

The California Attorney General has now announced an investigation 
into oil company gouging.



http://www.zmag.org/content/newstandard.cfm?itemid=2336
ZNet | NewStandard |
Oil Giants Planned to Manipulate Gas Prices, Memos Reveal

Brendan Coyne

September 08, 2005

As oil prices rose over the last several years, some domestic oil 
companies decided to reduce output, causing prices to spike even 
higher, according to internal memos from three major fuel companies 
released yesterday by a consumer watchdog organization.

Yesterday, The Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights (FTCR), a 
California-based consumer watchdog, published corporate memos showing 
a purposeful effort to reduce domestic gasoline production on the 
part of three major oil companies: Mobil, Texaco and Chevron.

As previously detailed by The NewStandard, organizations keeping an 
eye on the oil industry have insisted that the recent rise in 
gasoline costs is due, in part, to an intentional effort by oil 
companies to keep prices high and profit margins wide.

"Large oil companies have for a decade artificially shorted the 
gasoline market to drive up prices," FTCR President Jamie Court said 
in a press statement. "Oil companies know they can make more money by 
making less gasoline."

The three memos, all from 1996, provide evidence for such claims that 
reduced refining capacity in the US â¤" a major factor in the price 
of gasoline â¤" is no accident, but instead has been engineered by 
the oil industry.

The March 1996 memo from Texaco reads: "As observed over the last few 
years, and as projected well into the future, the most critical 
factor facing the refining industry on the West Coast is the surplus 
refining capacity, and the surplus gasoline production capacityâ¤|. 
This results in very poor refinery margins and very poor refinery 
financial results. Significant events need to occur to assist in 
reducing supplies and/or increasing the demand for gasoline."

An internal document from Mobil shows that company was thinking along 
the same lines and sought to prevent a smaller, out-of-business 
competitor from obtaining an environmental waiver, reopening and 
selling cheaper fuel.

"Needless to say, we would all like to see Powerine stay down," a 
Mobile employee wrote. "Full court press is warranted in this case 
and I know Brian and Chuck are working this hard. One other thought, 
if they do start up, depending on circumstances, might be worth 
buying out their production and marketing ourselves. Especially if 
they start to market below our incremental cost of production."

For its part, Chevron was also thinking about how restricting 
refinery capacity would affect prices. "A senior energy analyst at 
the recent API convention warned that if the US petroleum industry 
doesn⤁t reduce its refining capacity, it will never see any 
substantial increase in refining margins," noted an internal document.

Other companies have been implicated in price manipulation through 
adjusting refinery capacity as well. Last year, FTCR began an 
ultimately successful battle to prevent Shell Oil Company from 
shuttering its Bakersfield, California refinery following the 
disclosure of a number of documents allegedly demonstrating the 
company⤁s desire to manipulate the fuel market.

Oil costs have been generally rising slowly and steadily for the past 
several years, with an accelerated yearly growth since 2002, 
according to data from the US Department of Energy. Prices dropped 
between 1997 and 1999 and again from 2001 to 2002.

© 2005 The NewStandard

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[Biofuel] Growing oil palm - resources

[Keith Addison]

http://www.fftc.agnet.org/library/article/eb505a.html

Composting Empty Fruit Bunches Of Oil Palm

M. Suhaimi and H.K. Ong Malaysian Agricultural Research and 
Development Institute (MARDI), P.O. Box 12301, 50774 Kuala Lumpur, 
Malaysia

2001-11-01

Two methods (open and closed) of composting the empty fruit bunches 
(EFB) of oil palm were studied. Mixtures of EFB, fermentation liquid 
waste and chicken manure (open) and EFB, palm oil mill effluent and 
chicken manure (closed) were the ingredients for composting. Natural 
aeration was carried out in the open system and controlled aeration 
in the closed system. Windrow piles of 80 mt were used for the closed 
system, and smaller piles of 1mt for the open system.

-

http://www.fftc.agnet.org/library/article/eb420.html

Oil-palm Fronds As A Roughage Feed Source For Ruminants In Malaysia

O. Abu Hassan*, M. Ishida**, I. Mohd. Shukri* and Z. Ahmad Tajuddin* 
*Livestock Research Division, Malaysian Agriculture Research and 
Development Institute (MARDI), G.P.O. Box 12301, 50774 Kuala Lumpur, 
Malaysia **Laboratory of Dairy Cattle Feeding, Department of Forage 
Production and Utilization, National Grassland Research Institute, 
Nishinasuno, Tochigi, 329-27 Japan

1994-06-01

Oil palm (Elaeis guianensis) grows well in wet, humid parts of 
tropical Asia (mainly South-east Asia), Africa, and Central and South 
America. A tremendous amount of fibrous biomass from both the palms 
and the fruit processing are generated by the industry. Currently, 
Malaysia is still the leader in oil palm/palm oil production, which 
produced approximately 18.77 million mt (on a dry matter basis) of 
oil palm fronds in 1994.


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[Biofuel] hydrogen tablet

[Alt.EnergyNetwork]

Scientists at the Technical University of
 Denmark have invented a technology which may
 be an important step towards the hydrogen economy:
 a hydrogen tablet that effectively stores hydrogen
 in an inexpensive and safe material
 ..innovationsreport.de




 This is a very interesting development


  
http://www.innovationsreport.de/html/berichte/energie_elektrotechnik/bericht-48872.html

 http://tinyurl.com/auxo6


regards
 tallex









next_generation_grid
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/next_generation_grid

 news  resources  forums

tomorrow-energy
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/tomorrow-energy




Get your daily alternative energy news

Alternate Energy Resource Network
 http://www.alternate-energy.net
 1000+ news sources - resources 
updated daily





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Re: [Biofuel] Canada's secret biological weapon

[Paul S Cantrell]

Or, rather Canada could secretly develop the Diarrhea Ray Gun. 
This non-lethal, but extremely unpleasant weapon would only ever need
to be used once or twice, and then the deterrent would quickly end the
'war' in Iraq...and end war forever, making all 'conventional' weapons
useless...Just don't allow this weapon fall into the wrong hands (US)
by printing all instructions in French! Joe Street wrote:
Well as everybody knows the government of Canada is actively supportingbiological and genetics research.  Apparently they want Canada to be aworld leader in biotech but this is really just a front for a covert
military program called operation Beaver Fever.  Canada's seeminglyblithe willingness to forgo nukes was really a strategic move to gaintrust and avoid scrutiny while behind the scenes progress on the newweapon of massive destruction accelerated. The lack of military spending
was part of the smoke screen and makes perfect sense when it is realizedthat it is completely unnecessary to have conventional forces when sucha terrible and loathesome weapon is at your disposal. This plan
dovetailed with the parallel research track in cloning and transgenicsto mass produce a weapon so terrible that even it's proponents quake infear when considering the possibility that the weapon could one day fall
into the wrong hands.Taking a hint from local farmers who are able to grow turkeys to massiveproportions by a combination of drugs and ground up cows,  scientistsset to work on genetically engineering a variant of the nefarious rodent
already renown for it's great capacity for destruction in the forests ofthe Great White North.   The result is said to be more viscious than thecreature depicted in the Monty Python's The Holy Grail and it is
whispered that it is refered to by operatives as "The Bushwhacker" butit's official name is the DeHaviland Turbobeaver. By transplanting themagnetic compass gene from the Canada Goose into the rodent brain and
programming it to migrate south losses due to gnawing 'friendlies' isexpected to be virtually nonexistent.  Research into spontaneous humancombustion has also enabled the scientists to install a latentcapability into the animals to act as incindiary devices when they get
close to washington so that the hugely successful tactic of burning theWhitehouse which was used to such great effect when Canadian troopsdefeated America in 1812 (or was it?  -well one of the many times we
defeated them anyways)  can be used once again by remote control whilethe 'troops' prepare for vacation and celebration in Cuba on all themoney saved by not buying US made military hardware.I understand that plans are already afoot so that once Canada takes over
in it's new role as world superpower/police international law willquickly be updated to ensure that all products being sold or traded willhave to be made from softwood and it will be illegal for Texas to fly
the lone star.  French and english will become THE official language,Michael Jackson will be incarcerated and Michael Moore will be knighted.Noam Chomsky will recieve the Nobel Prize and Hockey Night in Canada
(with only the original six) will play 24/7 on every TV channel  on thefederal networks with reruns of the Canada-Russia series evey weekend.Tom Cruise will not be able to save the day at the eleventh hour but may
be allowed to wear platform shoes if he is on his best behaviour andstops spouting off about scientology.So be forewarned neighbor you have but one chance to move north and joinus before the first wave is released and it is too late!  I am letting
you know because you seem to be a good bunch of people on this list.Save yourselves from a horrible fate.Joe-- Regards,PaulHe's the kind of a guy who lights up a room just by flicking a switch
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[Biofuel] Thai Cabinet OKs Plan For PTT To Import Ethanol

[Keith Addison]

http://sg.biz.yahoo.com/050907/15/3uruw.html
Thai Press: Cabinet OKs Plan For PTT To Import Ethanol

Wednesday September 7, 10:34 AM
THAI PRESS: Cabinet OKs Plan For PTT To Import Ethanol

BANGKOK (Dow Jones)--The Thai Cabinet has approved the Energy 
Ministry's proposal to allow state-owned oil and gas conglomerate PTT 
PCL (PTT.TH) to import ethanol, in a bid to combat an ethanol 
shortage in the country, the Thai-language Mathichon newspaper 
reports, quoting a government spokeswoman.

PTT will be allowed to import 17.82 million liters of ethanol that 
will be exempted from import tariffs, from September to December, the 
report quotes Sansanee Nakphong as saying.

The imported ethanol will be used solely to produce gasohol, an 
automotive fuel made of 10% ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and 90% gasoline.

The Thai government is aggressively promoting the use of gasohol to 
replace premium gasoline, in an effort to reduce the country's heavy 
dependence on oil imports.

An Energy Ministry study has forecast a shortfall of 17 million-18 
million liters of ethanol for the remainder of the year, as water 
shortages and high production costs have limited domestic output, the 
report says.

Newspaper Web site: http://www.mathichon.co.th


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[Biofuel] E20 Ford Focus on sale in Thailand

[Keith Addison]

The new E20 Ford Focus is the first vehicle available for sale in 
Thailand capable of operating on gasohol blends of up to 20%.


http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=21517&make_id=trust
Media.Ford.com: THE ALL-NEW FORD FOCUSâ¤|.SETTING A NEW STANDARD

The All-new Ford Focusâ¤|.Setting A New Standard

Introductory prices starting at 747,000 baht demonstrates ford's 
commitment to the Thai automotive market

* The all-new Ford Focus 4-door prices range from 747,000 â¤" 898,000 Baht.
* Introductory prices are valid for all customers booking through 
October 31, 2005.
* The new E20 Ford Focus is the first vehicle available for sale in 
Thailand capable of operating on gasohol blends of up to 20%.
* Ford is a global leader in alternative fuel technology with more 
than 25 years' experience in gasohol engine technology and with over 
1 million gasohol vehicles sold throughout the World.
* The introductory price for the Focus demonstrates Ford's commitment 
to make advanced gasohol technology available and affordable to the 
Thai consumer and supports Thailand's Alternative Fuel Policy.
* VIP Test Drive Events; during the introductory period starting 
September 2, 2005 at Ford dealer network of 95 outlets, more 
information please call the Ford Hotline at 0-2264-0099

Bangkok, Thailand, September 1, 2005 - Ford Thailand will introduce 
the all-new, award winning, Ford Focus to set a new standard in the 
Thai car market. The Ford Focus, offering a unique combination of 
European Design, German Engineering and Outstanding Driving 
Experience, will be launched at an impressive introductory price 
starting at 747,000 Baht. The introduction of the Ford Focus also 
reaffirms Ford's commitment to Thailand's future energy 
sustainability, as it will be the first E20 capable vehicle launched 
in Thailand.

Mr. John V. Felice, President of Ford Thailand, said: ⤦Ford 
Thailand is proud to announce the introduction of the all-new Ford 
Focus. The Ford Focus is one of the best-selling cars in Europe and 
North America since introduction in 1998. Focus has won more than 75 
awards globally and is the only vehicle to win the coveted Car of the 
Year award in both Europe and North America. To date, more than 5 
million Focus have been sold worldwide. We are very excited the new 
generation Focus is coming to Thailand. We are confident Thai 
customers will be excited by the outstanding combination of premium 
quality, modern European design and class leading features all at a 
price that's sure to set a new standard in the Thai passenger car 
market."

"We are also very proud to announce the new Ford Focus will be the 
first vehicle for sale in Thailand that is fully capable of operating 
on ethanol fuel blends of up to 20%. The Focus E20 gasohol engine is 
made possible due to Ford's vast global experience in alternative 
fuel technology. We are pleased to be the first automotive 
manufacturer to have been able to respond to the Thai Government's 
National E20 Ethanol Strategy announced in July 2004. The 
introduction of the E20 Ford Focus is a significant milestone in the 
progression of the national ethanol alternative fuel strategy"

"We are confident the all new, award winning, Ford Focus will set a 
new standard in the Thai automotive industry"

The new Focus has been engineered to improve on the original award 
winning Focus, a class leader in driving dynamics, in providing a 
rewarding driving experience â¤" while setting new levels of comfort 
and refinement, including reduction in noise in a spacious cabin 
environment.

The new Focus body is 10% stiffer torsionally to provide a strong 
body structure to allow all elements of the suspension, steering and 
braking to be tuned for an exceptional driving experience. The track 
and wheelbase of the new Focus is 40mm wider and 25mm longer to give 
a wider stance, enhance ride and improve interior roominess.

The 1.8-litre Duratec HE petrol engine has been designed for smooth 
and optimum power delivery as well as fuel efficiency. The Duratech 
HE provides high torque levels at low speeds, making the all new 
Focus more responsive and more fun to drive. The Focus engine is 
designed to run on all gasohol fuel mixtures up to 20% ethanol (E20).

The new 4-door Ford Focus sedan is available in 3 series to suit 
customers' taste and need;


* Trend - Baht 747,000, offers unbeatable value with a host of 
standard features normally found as optional in more expensive cars.
* Finesse â¤" Baht 777,000, offers more premium exterior looks with 
color keys and 16 inch alloy wheels.
* Ghia â¤" Baht 898,000, top of the series Focus, priced at, sets the 
benchmark for sporty sedan styling, refinement and luxury in the 
passenger sedan class. The Focus Ghia is equipped with many class 
leading features including specially-designed sporty body kit, Dual 
Zone Electronic Automatic Climate Control System and leather seats.

During the introductory period starting September 

[Biofuel] Ethanol in the Philippines - just put it in and go?

[Keith Addison]

A new list member (hi there!) told listadmin this a few days ago:

>Ethanol has been introduced in Manila just this month and
>I'm getting excited about it. The rising costs of fuel is really a
>burden here and through this list,  I hope I would be able to gain
>lots of knowledge about Ethanol. Our government is encouraging us to
>use this fuel, they're telling us that we don't have to convert our
>engines in order for us to use Ethanol. I'm a little bit hesitant but
>I guess they're right coz I've been reading various sites from the web
>and they all said that there's no for us to have our existing engines
>converted nor there are any bad effects in using Ethanol.

Any comments?

Best wishes

Keith


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[Biofuel] Philippines needs more ethanol plants to keep up with demand

[Keith Addison]

http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2005/aug/25/yehey/business/2005082 
5bus7.html
The Manila Times Internet Edition | BUSINESS >
Thursday, August 25, 2005

Philippines needs more ethanol plants to keep up with demand

AT least 25 ethanol-producing plants are needed if the Philippines 
intends to meet demand for a gasoline additive in the next three to 
four years, according to a legislator.

Unless these plants are constructed, the country may have to resort 
to importing ethanol from Brazil or Thailand, which will defeat 
government efforts to achieve energy independence, Rep. Juan Miguel 
F. Zubiri of Bukidnon told reporters Tuesday night.

"With the ethanol production, the Philippines might be a major 
exporter of ethanol to Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia," he said, adding 
that each plant will require P1.5 billion in investments.

He added that fuel is going to be so expensive that Filipinos will 
need to develop engines that can run of higher blends of ethanol fuel.

Currently, San Carlos Bioenergy Inc. (SBCI), a joint venture between 
Bronzeoak Philippines and the National Development Co., is involved 
in the ethanol facility in San Carlos, Negros Occidental, which is 
expected to commence operations by 2007.

The SCBI integrated facility will have a cane milling plant with a 
through-put capacity of 1,500 metric tons of cane daily, a 
cogeneration nine megawatt power plant, and a distillery plant that 
will also produce 100,000 liters of bio-ethanol a day.

Petron Corp. recently entered into a memorandum of understanding 
(MOU) with SCBI, for the use bio-ethanol for blending with its 
gasoline products.

The production of ethanol as a gasoline additive is expected to spur 
capital investment, job creation and economic development in the 
country, especially in rural areas.

In a related development, Zubiri said Congress is trying to out 
another amendment to the Bio-Ethanol Bill, which is expected to be 
approved before the end of the session next month, to include the 
promotion of other alternative fuels such as coconut biodiesel and 
other biofuels sourced from agricultural products.

Zubiri together with Representatives Alfredo D. Maranon III, Jacinto 
V. Paras, Ignacio T. Arroyo and Monico O. Puentevella authored the 
Bioethanol Fuel Act of 2005.

Zubiri added that they will also amend the title into Bio-Fuels Bill, 
which will mandate the creation of a Biofuels Board to be spearheaded 
by the Department of Energy.

Zubiri assured that the price of bioethanol will not be more than P25 
a liter, warning local producers that the country could source cheap 
ethanol from Brazil if they fail to come up with a cheap price.

To lure local and foreign investors, Zubiri said Congress will be 
inserting a set of incentives for investors interested in biofuels, 
adding that this will jumpstart production.

"We are preparing some attractive fiscal incentives to give investors 
more bang out of their buck, where biofuel producers will be exempted 
from paying tariff and import duties of all types of inputs and 
machinery they will use," Zubiri said.

Taxes imposed on bioethanol fuel will have the same rate as those for 
unleaded gasoline at the time of the law's passage. Even if taxes on 
gasoline go up, biofuel taxes will be maintained at its old level for 
10 years.
--Paul Anthony A. Isla

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[Biofuel] Biofuel sorghum to be tested in Philippine fields

[Keith Addison]

http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1682&language=1
- SciDev.Net

Biofuel sorghum to be tested in Philippine fields

Sorghum, a source of ethanol for biofuel production
Mary Charlotte Fresco
22 October 2004
Source: SciDev.Net

[MANILA] Farmers in the Philippines could one day be producing a 
cleaner and cheaper alternative to fossil fuels if imminent field 
trials of a new variety of the cereal sorghum are successful.

The sweet sorghum hybrid - called SSH 104 - is rich in sugar that can 
be easily converted into ethanol. Combined with petrol or diesel, 
ethanol can be used as  'gasohol' - a fuel that is considerably less 
polluting than conventional ones.

What's more, once ethanol has been extracted, sorghum can be used as 
a nutritious animal feed.

These are not the only benefits, says William Dar, director-general 
of the India-based International Crops Research Institute for the 
Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), which developed the new sorghum variety.

Research by ICRISAT scientists has shown that the sorghum is easier 
to grow than sugarcane - another source of ethanol - and matures in 
just four months, compared to 12 to 16 months for sugarcane. This 
means sorghum needs only about one-fifth of the water required by 
sugarcane.

During a recent visit to the Philippines, Dar told officials at the 
country's Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Agricultural Research 
(DA-BAR) that the hybrid can tolerate drought, water logging, and 
high soil salinity.

DA-BAR's director, William Medrano, says the use of sorghum as a 
biofuel fits with the Philippine government's current energy 
conservation efforts, which involve the development and use of 
biologically derived alternatives to expensive oil imports.

Medrano told SciDev.Net that the first sweet sorghum seeds will 
arrive in the Philippines in December and field trials will take 
place in central Luzon and parts of Mindanao, where the landscape 
suits the cereal's requirements. Regional agricultural research 
centres funded by DA-BAR will conduct the research.

"If these field trials bear positive results, we will intensify our 
research efforts to make the technology sustainable so that later we 
could mass-produce it for distribution and commercialisation," says 
Medrano.

"It is high time to include sorghum in the Philippine government's 
list of priority commodities for research and development because of 
its numerous uses aside from food."

Victoria Abrera, head of Environmental Policy and Planning at the 
Environmental Management Bureau in the Department of Environment and 
Natural Resources told SciDev.Net: "We have been very supportive of 
the government programme to promote use of ethanol".

Abrera says the department will advocate use of sorghum, if the 
trials show it is efficient.


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[Biofuel] Offers Pour In, but the U.S. Is Unprepared

[Keith Addison]

Cuba, Venezuala not mentioned.



http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/08/national/nationalspecial/08aid.html
- New York Times

Foreign Aid

Offers Pour In, but the U.S. Is Unprepared

By JOEL BRINKLEY and CRAIG S. SMITH

Published: September 8, 2005

WASHINGTON, Sept. 7 - Generous offers of aid for Hurricane Katrina 
victims are pouring in from scores of nations, but in many cases the 
United States is unprepared to receive the goods.

As a result, the State Department is pressing countries that are 
offering the use of helicopters, water purification equipment and 
telecommunications gear, among other items, to provide cash or 
ready-to-eat meals instead.

"The worst thing we could do, the worst thing, is to take things" and 
"have them sit on the ground and not be utilized, to have something 
rot," said Harry K. Thomas, the State Department's executive 
secretary, who is coordinating with other governments. Many countries 
are being told that the most useful donation is money, and some 
European countries are bemused - or frustrated.

"There is a lot of stuff offered, but we are having a problem getting 
it over," said Claes Thorson, a spokesman at the Swedish Embassy in 
Washington.

Even with the difficulties, foreign aid is beginning to arrive at or 
near the Gulf Coast, including ready-to-eat meals from Britain, tents 
from France, first-aid kits and baby formula from Italy. All told, 
the State Department said Wednesday, donations from 49 nations or 
international organizations have been accepted - including $428 
million in cash.

The bulk of the cash came from three oil-rich Arab nations. Kuwait, 
Qatar and the United Arab Emirates each offered $100 million.

The State Department says 95 countries, half of the world's nations, 
have promised aid in one form or another. But the department says the 
government is still evaluating many of the proposals to see if they 
can actually be used. Among the nations that have pledged assistance 
are several that receive significant American aid, including Israel, 
Afghanistan and Iraq.

The United States is more accustomed to giving aid than receiving it, 
and the Bush administration seemed to have trouble accepting the role 
reversal, at least at first. Early last week, President Bush said the 
United States could take care of itself.

"I do expect a lot of sympathy, and perhaps some will send cash 
dollars," he said. "But this country is going to rise up and take 
care of it."

As the size of the crisis became apparent, the view changed. But the 
preparations to receive anything but the simplest forms of aid have 
not caught up.

Mr. Thomas explained that the United States has no experience with 
situations like this. Speaking to reporters on Wednesday, he said 
several times, "This is unprecedented."

Last weekend, the State Department sent urgent requests for 
international aid through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the 
United Nations and the European Union. At the top of the list was 
cash. Most of the other items requested were basic goods like food, 
water, medical supplies and diapers.

When Sweden received the American request, it loaded a Hercules C-130 
transport plane with water purification equipment, emergency power 
generators and components for a temporary cellphone network. The 
plane has been ready to take off since noon Saturday, but has not 
been given clearance by Washington.

"We are still waiting for the green light," Victoria Forslund said at 
the Foreign Ministry in Stockholm. Sean McCormack, the State 
Department spokesman, said, "If there are any miscommunications on 
this matter, we want to make it very clear we value their offer of 
assistance."

Sweden is not the only country that has encountered a problem. 
France, Germany, India and Taiwan, among others, are awaiting answers 
to offers. The slow acceptance after the urgent request has only 
increased the puzzlement of many countries. Mr. Thomas said embassy 
officers in each country have tried to explain why the aid requests 
are being handled as they are and insisted "every country has heard 
back from us."

On Monday, only one plane bearing foreign aid arrived in Little Rock, 
Ark., a staging area. On Tuesday, 11 planes arrived. Wednesday and 
Thursday, more planes - from Britain, China, France, Russia, Spain 
and Israel - are due.

As Europe prepares more supplies, officials say they are beginning to 
wonder whether the aid is really needed or will ever be used.

"That's our preoccupation right now," said Barbara Helfferich, a 
spokeswoman for the executive branch of the European Union.


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[Biofuel] You Do What You Eat

[Keith Addison]

http://www.alternet.org/envirohealth/25122/
AlterNet: EnviroHealth:

You Do What You Eat

By Marco Visscher, Ode. Posted September 8, 2005.

Forget tougher punishments and hiring more police. The solution to 
crime and violence is on your dinner plate.

At first glance, there seems nothing special about the students at 
this high school in Appleton, Wisconsin. They appear calm, interact 
comfortably with one another, and are focused on their schoolwork. No 
apparent problems.

And yet a couple of years ago, there was a police officer patrolling 
the halls at this school for developmentally challenged students. 
Many of the students were troublemakers, there was a lot of fighting 
with teachers and some of the kids carried weapons.

School counsellor Greg Bretthauer remembers when he first came to 
Appleton Central Alternative High School back in 1997, for a job 
interview: "I found the students to be rude, obnoxious and 
ill-mannered." He had no desire to work with them, and turned down 
the job.

Several years later, Bretthauer took the job after seeing that the 
atmosphere at the school had changed profoundly. Today he describes 
the students as "calm and well-behaved" in a new video documentary, 
Impact of Fresh, Healthy Foods on Learning and Behavior. Fights and 
offensive behavior are extremely rare and the police officer is no 
longer needed. What happened?

A glance through the halls at Appleton Central Alternative provides 
the answer. The vending machines have been replaced by water coolers. 
The lunchroom took hamburgers and french fries off the menu, making 
room for fresh vegetables and fruits, whole-grain bread and a salad 
bar.

Is that all? Yes, that's all. Principal LuAnn Coenen is still 
surprised when she speaks of the "astonishing" changes at the school 
since she decided to drastically alter the offering of food and 
drinks eight years ago: "I don't have the vandalism. I don't have the 
litter. I don't have the need for high security."

The Problems with 'Convenience Foods'

It is tempting to dismiss what happened at Appleton Central 
Alternative as the wild fantasies of health-food and 
vitamin-supplement fanatics. After all, scientists have never 
empirically investigated the changes at the school. Healthy nutrition 
-- especially the effects of vitamin and mineral supplements -- 
appears to divide people into opposing camps of fervent believers, 
who trust the anecdotes about diets changing people's lives, and 
equally fervent skeptics, who dismiss these stories as hogwash.

And yet it is not such a radical idea that food can affect the way 
our brains work -- and thus our behavior. The brain is an active 
machine: It only accounts for two percent of our body weight, but 
uses a whopping 20 percent of our energy. In order to generate that 
energy, we need a broad range of nutrients -- vitamins, minerals and 
unsaturated fatty acids -- that we get from nutritious meals. The 
question is: What are the consequences when we increasingly shovel 
junk food into our bodies?

It is irrefutably true that our eating habits have dramatically 
changed over the past 30-odd years. "Convenience food" has become a 
catch-all term that covers all sorts of frozen, microwaved and 
out-and-out junk foods. The ingredients of the average meal have been 
transported thousands of kilometres before landing on our plates; 
it's not hard to believe that some of the vitamins were lost in the 
process.

We already know obesity can result if we eat too much junk food, but 
there may be greater consequences of unhealthy diets than extra 
weight around our middles. Do examples like the high school in 
Wisconsin point to a direct connection between nutrition and 
behavior? Is it simply coincidence that the increase in aggression, 
crime and social incivility in Western society has paralleled a 
spectacular change in our diet? Could there be a link between the two?

Stephen Schoenthaler, a criminal-justice professor at California 
State University in Stanislaus, has been researching the relationship 
between food and behavior for more than 20 years.He has proven that 
reducing the sugar and fat intake in our daily diets leads to higher 
IQs and better grades in school.

When Schoenthaler supervised a change in meals served at 803 schools 
in low-income neighborhoods in New York City, the number of students 
passing final exams rose from 11 percent below the national average 
to five percent above.

He is best known for his work in youth detention centers. One of his 
studies showed that the number of violations of house rules fell by 
37 percent when vending machines were removed and canned food in the 
cafeteria was replaced by fresh alternatives. He summarizes his 
findings this way: "Having a bad diet right now is a better predictor 
of future violence than past violent behavior."

But Schoenthaler's work is under fire. A committee from his own 
university has recommended suspending him for his allegedly improper 

[Biofuel] U.N. Report Cites U.S. and Japan as the 'Least Generous Donors'

[Keith Addison]

http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/08/international/08nations.html
  - New York Times

U.N. Report Cites U.S. and Japan as the 'Least Generous Donors'

By CELIA W. DUGGER

Published: September 8, 2005

UNITED NATIONS, Sept. 7 - A week before world leaders gather here to 
set a course for combating global poverty, a United Nations report 
released on Wednesday names the United States and Japan as among "the 
least generous donors" and says American and European trade policies 
are hypocritical and contribute to impoverishing African farmers.

The report also highlights shortcomings in developing countries. It 
notes that India's and China's progress in reducing the easily 
preventable deaths of children has slowed even as their economic 
growth has surged. India has 2.5 million deaths of children a year, 
while China is second, with 730,000.

The new document, the annual Human Development Report, calls on India 
and China to tackle health inequalities aggressively. It also 
maintains that rich countries must significantly increase aid if the 
goals they agreed to five years ago - to halve extreme poverty and 
reduce deaths of children by two-thirds by 2015, among others - are 
to be met.

The report was unusual for the United Nations in so specifically 
describing the deficiencies of rich countries' policies. It was 
commissioned by the United Nations Development Program and written by 
a team of experts led by Kevin Watkins, former director of research 
for the charity Oxfam.

While crediting the United States with being the world's largest 
donor, the report points out that among the world's richest 
countries, America is second to last in aid as a portion of its 
national income, with Italy bringing up the rear. Japan was third 
from the bottom. Aid per capita from donors ranges from more than 
$200 in Sweden to $51 in the United States and $37 in Italy.

Richard Grenell, a spokesman for the United States at the United 
Nations, disputed the idea that the United States is stingy. "Let me 
remind the authors that President Bush has increased overall 
development assistance from the United States by 90 percent since he 
took office," he said.

The report notes that rich countries trumpet the virtues of open 
markets and free trade, even as they put up protectionist barriers 
against goods from poor countries and spend hundreds of billions on 
subsidies that benefit large-scale farmers, landowners and 
agribusiness.

"Industrial countries are locked into a system that wastes money at 
home and destroys livelihoods abroad," the report says.

It singles out the European Union for a policy "that lavishes $51 
billion in support on producers." It also criticizes the United 
States for paying an estimated $4.7 billion to 20,000 cotton farmers 
in 2005, more than the total of American aid to Africa, a policy that 
the report contends gives American producers an unfair advantage over 
small farmers in Burkina Faso and Mali.

The report also criticizes China and India for their policies. In 
China, the erosion of public health care has worsened the situation 
of the rural poor, it says. In India, it adds, inadequate public 
health services mean most children are not fully immunized against 
diseases in the hugely populous northern states of Uttar Pradesh and 
Bihar.

"Were India to show the same level of dynamism and innovation in 
tackling basic health inequalities as it has displayed in global 
technology markets, it could rapidly get on track for achieving" the 
targets set in 2005, the report says.

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[Biofuel] POLITICS-CHINA: Seeking Oil in Troubled Waters

[Keith Addison]

http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=30183

POLITICS-CHINA:
Seeking Oil in Troubled Waters
Antoaneta Bezlova

BEIJING, Sep 8 (IPS) - Amid global shortages and price rises, what 
China is paying for its imported oil could involve much more than 
just cash.

China's strategy of tapping new oil reserves in some countries, 
blacklisted by the United States as troublesome, is meeting 
increasing political resistance from Washington.

A week before Chinese President Hu Jintao is scheduled to meet with 
U.S. President George W. Bush, on the fringes of the United Nations 
summit in New York, Washington has warned Beijing that the two 
countries would be on a collision course if China continues to pursue 
energy deals in countries like Iran or Sudan.

Deputy Secretary of State, Robert Zoellick has warned that Beijing's 
ties with 'troublesome' states such as Burma and Zimbabwe, were 
''going to have repercussions elsewhere'' and the Chinese would have 
to decide if they wanted to pay the price.

China must choose whether it wants to work with the U.S. to 
ameliorate problems posed by these states (while still protecting 
Beijing's energy interests) or whether ''it wanted to be against us 
and others in the international system as well'', Zoellick was quoted 
telling reporters in Washington.

Beijing sees energy shortages as one of the biggest potential threats 
to national security and social stability. China became a net 
importer of oil in 1993 and imports since then have risen sharply. 
Last year it imported 2.46 million barrels per day (bpd), accounting 
for about 40 percent of current demand.

By 2025, according to projections by the U.S. Energy Information 
Administration, China's oil imports will reach 9.4 million bpd of a 
total consumption of 12.8 million bpd.

Most analysts agree that the surge in Chinese demand has kept global 
supplies of oil extremely tight, and was in large part responsible 
for the rapid oil price rises of 2004.

In this supply-constrained environment, Chinese planners have become 
fixated on their goal of diversifying the country's sources of oil, 
gas, electricity and coal.

They have sought resources in Iran, a country the United States and 
Europe accuse of pursuing nuclear weapons as well as other states 
that have been hit by political instability or are accused of human 
rights abuses.

Among them are a clutch of African states that together meet 25 
percent of Chinese oil imports.

Sudan, whose regime has been accused of genocide in the Darfur 
region, is currently China's largest overseas production base. China 
National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) holds 40 percent stake in a 
consortium that is developing large fields, and is building a 215 
million US dollar export terminal in Sudan.

China paid for this investment, in part, by providing arms to the 
Sudanese government. Other controversial supply deals have been 
struck with Chad, Gabon and Nigeria.

In Iran, where U.S. companies are prohibited from investing more than 
20 million dollars annually, Chinese companies have signed long-term 
contracts valued at 200 billion dollars, making China Iran's biggest 
oil and gas customer.

Zoellick said he had told Chinese officials that from a U.S. 
perspective, ''it looked like Chinese companies had been unleashed to 
try to lock up energy resources''.

Such investments carry major political risks. Both the Sudanese and 
Iranian governments are the targets of the U.S. administration and 
face political, trade or military sanctions by Washington.

Already, China has stated it will veto a proposed resolution at the 
U.N. Security Council to impose sanctions against Sudan because of 
its human rights violations in Darfur.

With Iran, the situation looks even more precarious as Washington is 
revving up its opposition to the regime and soon, China may have to 
choose between agreeing to sanctions that would potentially destroy 
the value of many investments it has made or become an outcast in the 
international community.

Zoellick, who spoke on key issues facing the two powers before the 
meeting of their leaders next week, said he was not sure whether 
Beijing's energy quest was propelled by new Chinese oil companies or 
by a government ''strategic plan''.

Last week, Beijing said energy issues would top Hu's political and 
economic agenda when he visits the U.S. ''I think the two leaders 
will talk about energy exploration and the main idea is to strengthen 
co- operation,'' He Yafei, China's Director General of North American 
and Oceanic Affairs, said at a briefing on the visit.

Hu was originally due to meet Bush at the White House but that visit 
was postponed due to the devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina. The 
two are still expected to meet at the U.N. summit, marking the 60th 
anniversary of the body's formation.

In Beijing, Chinese oil executives tried to strike a conciliatory 
note ahead of the meeting.

Zhang Weiping, deputy chief engineer of China National Offshore 

Re: [Biofuel] Shooting Down the Breeze

[bob allen]

Hi Manick,

Let's see,  that 4630 joules is just a tad more than 1 Calorie (that's 
with a capital C) to a chemist its kilocalorie- still not a lot of 
energy.  it's also 0.077 Kw-Hrs





2 moles of CO2 are produced per mole of sugar so 180 grams gives 2 CO2 
or about .15 Kw-Hrs per 180 grams of sugar.


the energy in the ethanol from the fermentation is:

2 moles ethanol per mole sugar so I get 2X 46 grams or 92 grams of 
ethanol.  92 grams X 30 kJ/gram means 2.8 mega joules of energy


So I take 180 grams of sugar and ferment it I get:

   280 Joules from the ethanol and

   8720 Joules from the CO2 pressure.


   I increase my energy yield by a whopping 1/321


  I hope you have a small house and don't plan a lot of travel :-)



Manick Harris wrote:
> Hi everybody,
> Here is something interesting from Andy citing Inst of Brewery article.
> The following referenced article indicates 1-2atm CO2 has little effect 
> on fermentation
> rate initially. This could be exploited to move turbine impeller in CO2 
> saturated water
> for electric power generation. A nice university project surely.
> It also means that every gram- mole of CO2 (22.4 litres) gives 22.4X 10X 
> 0.76X2X 13.6 joules =  4630 joules using simple potential energy formula 
> mgh at 2 atm pressure. With proper scale probably enuff for my home and 
> travelling needs.
> Manickh
>  
> From: "Andy Walsh" 
> Subject: effect of CO2 on yeast
> from Dave,
>  >I would like to hear more facts from that article in BT or Zymurgy. Anyone
> care to comment
> on examples of fermentation under CO2 pressure?
> OK. I'll bite. Except I'll reference
> (1) GJ. Arcay-Ledezma and JC Slaughter.
> "The response of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae to fermentation under carbon
> dioxide pressure"
> Journal of the Institute of Brewing. V90. pp81-84. 1984.
> (2) RS. Renger et al.
> The formation of esters and higher alcohols during brewery fermentation;
> the effect of carbon dioxide pressure". JIB. V98. pp509-513. 1992.
>  
> At pressures up to 0.2 ATM, CO2 stimulates yeast growth, generally thought
> to be because of its use as a substrate in carboxylation reactions.
> 0.3 - 0.5 ATM, CO2 acts as an inhibitor, especially in the tricarboxylic
> cycle (part of respiration), not that this is generally relevant in real
> wort fermentations.
> Alcohol production is unaffected up to 4 ATM.
> 2.5 - 3.0 ATM CO2 is said to prevent cell division completely.
> Brewery fermentations depend upon a certain amount of cell growth so are
> unlikely to function above 2 ATM, depending upon the exact temperature.
> Within the zone 0-2ATM there is little effect of CO2 on fermentation rate
> *per cell*, although at the upper end a reduction in growth rate occurs,
> leading to an extension in the time required to reach a given level of
> attenuation.
> "The influence of the size and geometry of brewery fermentation vessels on
> beer flavour and aroma is generally attributed to carbon dioxide pressure."
> (2)
> Fermentations with CO2 pressure maintained at 2 ATM show prolonged
> fermentation times, with reduced final ester and higher alcohols. Reduced
> yeast biomass is another feature, as is higher final pH. VDKs and
> precursors are in general reduced with lager yeast and increased with ale
> yeast (variable results). Commercially, it is common to ferment at higher
> temperatures to accelerate fermentation, and with applied CO2 pressure, to
> reduce fermentation byproducts.
> Application of 2ATM CO2 at 16C decreases the fermentation rate by
> approximately 40%. Under the same conditions, daily agitation increases
> fermentation rate by 10%. "The total yeast crop was unaffected by the
> resuspension treatment so it seems that the faster fermentation under this
> condition must be due to improved mixing of yeast and fermentation
> medium".(1).
> Under static conditions, the CO2 pressure in a homebrewery fermenter is 1
> ATM. This is significantly less than the 2 ATM said to retard yeast growth.
> There *must* be a higher CO2 pressure than 1 ATM during the fermentation to
> cause bubble formation - the more nucleation sites there are, the lower
> this difference will be. In commercial situations (big), the fermenter
> height will be a significant factor in contribution to CO2 pressure (as
> already posted).
> My money goes on more CO2 bubbles causing better mixing, rather than CO2
> "toxicity" as such, at least on homebrew scales.
> Andy.
> 
> */[EMAIL PROTECTED] /* wrote:
> 
> hi, kirk. hi, mannick.
> 
>  >The percentage in solution is very pressure sensitive and. . . .
> 
> the percentage of what? yeast? co2?
> 
>  >. . .champagne is hardy a pneumatic source.
> 
> obviously, end-stage co2 generation, by definition, is only going to
> provide
> a single shot of pressurized gas per batch. but that is still a fair
> amount
> of gas. a 100 gallon batch would roughly equal 400 bottles of
> champagne. as
> with so many things, the

Re: [Biofuel] Shooting Down the Breeze

[Kirk McLoren]

I'm not an expert in yeasts and their life cycles but I do know the amount of inoculant vs the food (sugar) is actually very scientific in commercial applications. They know the reproductive time of their strain and inoculant is adjusted to deplete food before reproduction uses it thus optimizing product 
 
Being able to inhibit yeast division may be very useful in controlling food use when you are interested in obtaining alcohol and not making more yeast bodies and don't have facilities for counting yeast bodies per ml of inoculant.
 
KirkManick Harris <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

Hi everybody,
Here is something interesting from Andy citing Inst of Brewery article. 
The following referenced article indicates 1-2atm CO2 has little effect on fermentation rate initially. This could be exploited to move turbine impeller in CO2 saturated water for electric power generation. A nice university project surely.
It also means that every gram- mole of CO2 (22.4 litres) gives 22.4X 10X 0.76X2X 13.6 joules =  4630 joules using simple potential energy formula mgh at 2 atm pressure. With proper scale probably enuff for my home and travelling needs.
Manickh
 
From: "Andy Walsh" Subject: effect of CO2 on yeast
from Dave,
>I would like to hear more facts from that article in BT or Zymurgy. Anyonecare to commenton examples of fermentation under CO2 pressure? 
OK. I'll bite. Except I'll reference
(1) GJ. Arcay-Ledezma and JC Slaughter."The response of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae to fermentation under carbondioxide pressure"Journal of the Institute of Brewing. V90. pp81-84. 1984.(2) RS. Renger et al.The formation of esters and higher alcohols during brewery fermentation;the effect of carbon dioxide pressure". JIB. V98. pp509-513. 1992. At pressures up to 0.2 ATM, CO2 stimulates yeast growth, generally thoughtto be because of its use as a substrate in carboxylation reactions.0.3 - 0.5 ATM, CO2 acts as an inhibitor, especially in the tricarboxyliccycle (part of respiration), not that this is generally relevant in realwort fermentations.Alcohol production is unaffected up to 4 ATM.2.5 - 3.0 ATM CO2 is said to prevent cell division completely.Brewery fermentations depend upon a certain amount of cell growth so areunlikely to function above 2 ATM, depending upon the exact temperature.Within the zone 0-2ATM
 there is little effect of CO2 on fermentation rate*per cell*, although at the upper end a reduction in growth rate occurs,leading to an extension in the time required to reach a given level ofattenuation.
"The influence of the size and geometry of brewery fermentation vessels onbeer flavour and aroma is generally attributed to carbon dioxide pressure."(2)
Fermentations with CO2 pressure maintained at 2 ATM show prolongedfermentation times, with reduced final ester and higher alcohols. Reducedyeast biomass is another feature, as is higher final pH. VDKs andprecursors are in general reduced with lager yeast and increased with aleyeast (variable results). Commercially, it is common to ferment at highertemperatures to accelerate fermentation, and with applied CO2 pressure, toreduce fermentation byproducts.
Application of 2ATM CO2 at 16C decreases the fermentation rate byapproximately 40%. Under the same conditions, daily agitation increasesfermentation rate by 10%. "The total yeast crop was unaffected by theresuspension treatment so it seems that the faster fermentation under thiscondition must be due to improved mixing of yeast and fermentationmedium".(1).
Under static conditions, the CO2 pressure in a homebrewery fermenter is 1ATM. This is significantly less than the 2 ATM said to retard yeast growth.There *must* be a higher CO2 pressure than 1 ATM during the fermentation tocause bubble formation - the more nucleation sites there are, the lowerthis difference will be. In commercial situations (big), the fermenterheight will be a significant factor in contribution to CO2 pressure (asalready posted).
My money goes on more CO2 bubbles causing better mixing, rather than CO2"toxicity" as such, at least on homebrew scales.
Andy.
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[Biofuel] MSDS for 80% glycerol

[Leif Forer]

Does anyone have an MSDS for the roughly 80% pure glycerol we 
homebrewers produce when making biodiesel that you'd be willing to 
share?

~leif


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[Biofuel] Katrina: The Bigotry of Low Expectations

[Todd Hershberger]

http://alternet.org/mediaculture/25116/The Bigotry of Low ExpectationsBy Matt Welch, Reason. Posted September 7, 2005.As Katrina wiped out New Orleans' communications infrastructure, panicky rumors of violence in evacuation centers quickly filled the airwaves. The only problem--few of the reports were true.All along Hurricane Katrina's Evacuation Belt, in cities from Houston to Baton Rouge to Leesville, Louisiana, the exact same rumors are spreading faster than red ants at a picnic. The refugees from the United States' worst-ever natural disaster, it is repeatedly said, are bringing with them the worst of New Orleans' now-notorious lawlessness: looting, armed carjacking, and even the rape of children."By Thursday," the Chicago Tribune's Howard Witt reported, "local TV and radio stations in Baton Rouge...were breezily passing along reports of cars being hijacked at gunpoint by New Orleans refugees, riots breaking out in the shelters set up in Baton Rouge to house the displaced, and guns and knives being seized."The only problem--none of the reports were true."The police, for example, confiscated a single knife from a refugee in one Baton Rouge shelter," Witt reported. "There were no riots in Baton Rouge. There were no armed hordes." Yet the panic was enough for Baton Rouge Mayor-President Kip Holden to impose a curfew on the city's largest shelter, and to warn darkly about "New Orleans thugs."Even before evacuees could get comfy in Houston's Astrodome, rumors were flying that the refugees had already raped their first victim, just like that 7-year-old in the Superdome, or the babies in the Convention Center who got their throats slit. Not only was the Astrodome rape invented out of whole cloth, so, perhaps was the case reported 'round the globe of at least one prepubescent being raped and murdered in New Orleans' iconic sports arena."We don't have any substantiated rapes," New Orleans Police superintendent Edwin Compass said Monday, according to the Guardian. "We will investigate if the individuals come forward." The British paper further pointed out that, "While many claim they happened, no witnesses, survivors or survivors' relatives have come forward. Nor has the source for the story of the murdered babies, or indeed their bodies, been found. And while the floor of the convention center toilets were indeed covered in excrement, the Guardian found no corpses."As Katrina wiped out New Orleans' communications infrastructure, and while key federal officials repeatedly expressed less knowledge than cable television reporters, panicky rumors quickly rushed in to fill the void. Many of them have shared the exact same theme--unspeakable urban ultra-violence, perpetuated by the overwhelmingly black population.St. Tammany Parish President Kevin Davis issued a statement Monday that "Rumors are flying and being repeated occasionally in the media that describe supposed criminal actions in St. Tammany Parish. These rumors are NOT true." Police superintendent Compass had to fend off accusations that his beleagured force "stood by while women were raped and people were beaten."The truth, whatever it may be, is clearly horrific enough, with just about every eyewitness account from New Orleans mentioning the palpable menace from crazed gangs of looters and ne'er-do-wells, especially after nightfall. Compass himself told reporters on Thursday that 88 of his cops were beaten back into a retreat by angry Convention Center refugees, forcing Mayor Ray Nagin to suspend rescue operations in favor of restoring a semblance of order.But the lies matter too. If federal government officials can't even get their ass-covering justifications straight, let alone such non-trivial, easy-to-discern matters as whether there are indeed thousands of water-deprived refugees massed at a Convention Center, those stranded near the epicenter will likely be starved for information that could literally save their lives."Complaints are still rampant in New Orleans about a lack of information," NBC Anchor Brian Williams wrote on his weblog, echoing one of the most familiar complaints from the city."It's one of many running themes of the past week: There were no announcements in the Superdome during the storm, none to direct people after the storm, no official word (via bullhorn, leaflets or any other means) during the week-long, on-foot migration (and eventual stagnation) that defined life in the downtown section of the city for those first few days. One can't help but think that a single-engine plane towing a banner over the city would have been immeasurably helpful in both crowd and rumor control."And it's entirely possible that, like the chimeric Baton Rouge hordes, exaggerations about New Orleans' criminality affected policy, mostly by delaying rescue operations and the provision of aid. Relief efforts ground to a halt last week after reports circulated of looters shooting at helicopters, yet none of the hundreds of articles I read on the subject c

Re: [Biofuel] Canada's secret biological weapon WAS Iran's Nuclear Program

[John I]

> Date: Thu, 08 Sep 2005 10:11:25 -0400
> From: Joe Street <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> Subject: [Biofuel] Canada's secret biological weapon WAS Iran's
> Nuclear Program
> To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
> Message-ID: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
> 
> Well as everybody knows the government of Canada is actively supporting
> biological and genetics research.  Apparently they want Canada to be a
> world leader in biotech but this is really just a front for a covert
> military program called operation Beaver Fever.  Canada's seemingly
> blithe willingness to forgo nukes was really a strategic move to gain
> trust and avoid scrutiny while behind the scenes progress on the new
> weapon of massive destruction accelerated. The lack of military spending
> was part of the smoke screen and makes perfect sense when it is realized
> that it is completely unnecessary to have conventional forces when such
> a terrible and loathesome weapon is at your disposal. This plan
> dovetailed with the parallel research track in cloning and transgenics
> to mass produce a weapon so terrible that even it's proponents quake in
> fear when considering the possibility that the weapon could one day fall
> into the wrong hands.
> Taking a hint from local farmers who are able to grow turkeys to massive
> proportions by a combination of drugs and ground up cows,  scientists
> set to work on genetically engineering a variant of the nefarious rodent
> already renown for it's great capacity for destruction in the forests of
> the Great White North.   The result is said to be more viscious than the
> creature depicted in the Monty Python's The Holy Grail and it is
> whispered that it is refered to by operatives as "The Bushwhacker" but
> it's official name is the DeHaviland Turbobeaver. By transplanting the
> magnetic compass gene from the Canada Goose into the rodent brain and
> programming it to migrate south losses due to gnawing 'friendlies' is
> expected to be virtually nonexistent.  Research into spontaneous human
> combustion has also enabled the scientists to install a latent
> capability into the animals to act as incindiary devices when they get
> close to washington so that the hugely successful tactic of burning the
> Whitehouse which was used to such great effect when Canadian troops
> defeated America in 1812 (or was it?  -well one of the many times we
> defeated them anyways)  can be used once again by remote control while
> the 'troops' prepare for vacation and celebration in Cuba on all the
> money saved by not buying US made military hardware.
> 
> I understand that plans are already afoot so that once Canada takes over
> in it's new role as world superpower/police international law will
> quickly be updated to ensure that all products being sold or traded will
> have to be made from softwood and it will be illegal for Texas to fly
> the lone star.  French and english will become THE official language,
> Michael Jackson will be incarcerated and Michael Moore will be knighted.
> Noam Chomsky will recieve the Nobel Prize and Hockey Night in Canada
> (with only the original six) will play 24/7 on every TV channel  on the
> federal networks with reruns of the Canada-Russia series evey weekend.
> Tom Cruise will not be able to save the day at the eleventh hour but may
> be allowed to wear platform shoes if he is on his best behaviour and
> stops spouting off about scientology.
> 
> So be forewarned neighbor you have but one chance to move north and join
> us before the first wave is released and it is too late!  I am letting
> you know because you seem to be a good bunch of people on this list.
> Save yourselves from a horrible fate.
> 
> Joe
>

Massive Canadian Beaver Hunt Launched
 
(Ottawa)  (AP)  Numerous investigations are reported underway to
determine what became of all the money which has been spent on the
government project codenamed "Operation Beaver Feaver".  Sources have
estimated spending on this project to be in the hundreds of milions of
dollars.  This seems to be an inflated figure as it would represent an
overwhelming majority of the Canadian GDP.  While details of exactly
what this project intailed are still unclear, it has been determined
that it doesn't have anything to do with an unspeakable social disease
which spread due to an underfunded and otherwise overstressed national
medical program.  It is now believed the project had something to do
with firey rats and fat turkeys.  This, however, cannot be verified as
it also describes many in political and corporate operations.  Amid
rumors the intended target of the program was Washington, DC with
something called a "Bushwhacker" President Bush was heard commenting
"Better men have tried" (followed of course by a nasaly "heh eh"). 
It's unclear how this whole debacle will affect Canadian/US trade
relations.  It does seem, as long as Canada has trees the US will be
interested in trade.  Furthermore, the talks of the sale of

Re: [Biofuel] Shooting Down the Breeze

[Manick Harris]

Hi everybody,
Here is something interesting from Andy citing Inst of Brewery article. 
The following referenced article indicates 1-2atm CO2 has little effect on fermentation rate initially. This could be exploited to move turbine impeller in CO2 saturated water for electric power generation. A nice university project surely.
It also means that every gram- mole of CO2 (22.4 litres) gives 22.4X 10X 0.76X2X 13.6 joules =  4630 joules using simple potential energy formula mgh at 2 atm pressure. With proper scale probably enuff for my home and travelling needs.
Manickh
 
From: "Andy Walsh" Subject: effect of CO2 on yeast
from Dave,
>I would like to hear more facts from that article in BT or Zymurgy. Anyonecare to commenton examples of fermentation under CO2 pressure? 
OK. I'll bite. Except I'll reference
(1) GJ. Arcay-Ledezma and JC Slaughter."The response of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae to fermentation under carbondioxide pressure"Journal of the Institute of Brewing. V90. pp81-84. 1984.(2) RS. Renger et al.The formation of esters and higher alcohols during brewery fermentation;the effect of carbon dioxide pressure". JIB. V98. pp509-513. 1992. At pressures up to 0.2 ATM, CO2 stimulates yeast growth, generally thoughtto be because of its use as a substrate in carboxylation reactions.0.3 - 0.5 ATM, CO2 acts as an inhibitor, especially in the tricarboxyliccycle (part of respiration), not that this is generally relevant in realwort fermentations.Alcohol production is unaffected up to 4 ATM.2.5 - 3.0 ATM CO2 is said to prevent cell division completely.Brewery fermentations depend upon a certain amount of cell growth so areunlikely to function above 2 ATM, depending upon the exact temperature.Within the zone 0-2ATM
 there is little effect of CO2 on fermentation rate*per cell*, although at the upper end a reduction in growth rate occurs,leading to an extension in the time required to reach a given level ofattenuation.
"The influence of the size and geometry of brewery fermentation vessels onbeer flavour and aroma is generally attributed to carbon dioxide pressure."(2)
Fermentations with CO2 pressure maintained at 2 ATM show prolongedfermentation times, with reduced final ester and higher alcohols. Reducedyeast biomass is another feature, as is higher final pH. VDKs andprecursors are in general reduced with lager yeast and increased with aleyeast (variable results). Commercially, it is common to ferment at highertemperatures to accelerate fermentation, and with applied CO2 pressure, toreduce fermentation byproducts.
Application of 2ATM CO2 at 16C decreases the fermentation rate byapproximately 40%. Under the same conditions, daily agitation increasesfermentation rate by 10%. "The total yeast crop was unaffected by theresuspension treatment so it seems that the faster fermentation under thiscondition must be due to improved mixing of yeast and fermentationmedium".(1).
Under static conditions, the CO2 pressure in a homebrewery fermenter is 1ATM. This is significantly less than the 2 ATM said to retard yeast growth.There *must* be a higher CO2 pressure than 1 ATM during the fermentation tocause bubble formation - the more nucleation sites there are, the lowerthis difference will be. In commercial situations (big), the fermenterheight will be a significant factor in contribution to CO2 pressure (asalready posted).
My money goes on more CO2 bubbles causing better mixing, rather than CO2"toxicity" as such, at least on homebrew scales.
Andy.
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
hi, kirk. hi, mannick.>The percentage in solution is very pressure sensitive and. . . .the percentage of what? yeast? co2?>. . .champagne is hardy a pneumatic source.obviously, end-stage co2 generation, by definition, is only going to provide a single shot of pressurized gas per batch. but that is still a fair amount of gas. a 100 gallon batch would roughly equal 400 bottles of champagne. as with so many things, the viability of conserving/converting that energy would be determined by the processing setup and expectations of the processor.>If all the gas were sequestered I think you would>get premature cessation of fermentation as it would get too acid.again, this seems entirely plausible, but i've never run across such a caution. winemaker's are warned against excess acidity primarily for reasons of
 palate, but also because of the possibility that it can retard--not totally cease--fermentation. even then, there are ways of neutralizing excess acid (though i must admit i am ignorant of whether this is possible when the acidity is from co2, or whether it would absorb/bond the gas).in any case, it strikes me as a very original notion, mannick. there are technical considerations to be certain, but i would encourage exploring it further.-chris b.___Biofuel mailing listBiofuel@sustainablelists.orghttp://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.orgBiofuel at Journey to Forever:http://journeytoforever.org/bi