Re: [Biofuel] Widescale Biodiesel Production from Algae by MichaelBriggs
Todd, Please forgive the fact that I'm about to post a previous thread into this one, however, the archives don't seem to be working tonight. The following is Keith's last post on this issue. Subj: RE: Algae - was Re: [Biofuel] Gasoline Prices Todd, if you keep a good personal archive, please also note the thread the bad news about biodiesel http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/msg58130.html as it also has some kernels. -Joey Hello Craig Hello Keith, I've been doing a bit of research on microalgae production for energy and found there is some research going on around the world in various places. The NREL's 'Aquatic Species Program' research closed in the mid 1990's due, among other things, to pressure for DOE funding and the decision to focus their research budgets on ethanol production. Were those the only reasons? I thought there were some negative reasons about algae too, could always be wrong though. Also in the 1990's the Japanese took the idea on in a big way, spending more than $250 million on research into hi-tec bioreactors with optical fiber devices etc but found they were too expensive to be economical. I believe research is continuing there but on a smaller scale; I haven't heard of any such research here, and I'm a bit sceptical. As with biodiesel itself - it's quite easy to get the impression that there's lots of fancy stuff going on here, especially if you listen to several quite noisy people, and there are indeed some fancy Japanese patents, but in fact biodiesel hardly exists here, some (or most) of the few projects that do exist are very bad, to the extent that emissions tests for exemption from the restrictions of the anti-diesel campaign here (Tokyo and some other places) will no longer allow biodiesel because they've found it's so badly made it wrecks the machinery. Tests of our biodiesel have shown it would pass and wouldn't mess up any machinery, but they made a blanket rule: NO biodiesel, great, thanks guys. More and more people are making their own now, since we got involved (not boasting, that's what's happened), high-quality fuel, but it doesn't count, too bad. Same with ethanol, lots of good research, lots of schemes, but nothing happens. Yet. China and Israel are also leaders in applied phycology and have done work on biofuels from algae. Michael Briggs, of UNH, and his team are currently focusing on enclosed systems where the algae will process wastewater too. Have they made any biodiesel from it yet? John Benemann, who was involved in the NREL research, is now an independent consultant and heading up an international network who are researching into it: their website gives a good overview Thanks, I'll take a look. http://www.co2captureandstorage.info/networks/Biofixation.htm . http://www.co2captureandstorage.info/networks/documents/01roadmp.pdf Other links... NREL research http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/34796.pdf http://govdocs.aquake.org/cgi/reprint/2004/915/9150010.pdf Further studies http://www.unh.edu/p2/biodiesel/pdf/algae_salton_sea.pdf http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/pdf/36_qingyu_wu_en.pdf Discussion forum exchanges http://biodiesel.infopop.cc/eve/ubb.x?a=tpcs=447609751f=719605551m =932606061r=932606061#932606061 Um... (burp), no thanks. http://forums.biodieselnow.com/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=3153. http://forums.biodieselnow.com/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=3414whichpage=1 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/oil_from_algae/ Algal biodiesel plant planned for California?? (I don't know anything more about it) http://www.bfi.org/Trimtab/spring02/biodiesel.htm US Company making algal biodiesel from power station gases http://www.greenfuelonline.com/index.htm I find the last link particularly interesting. My only problem with it - and with John Benemann's network - is the idea of putting CO2 from coal power stations into algae. All that fossil carbon still ends up in the atmosphere eventually: we need to focus on ways of locking it up permanently. Like just leaving it where it is now, for instance, nicely locked up and causing no trouble (apart from the odd war and so on). Some hope. Also, as an alternative to algae, a lot of research is being done on biomass-to-liquid technology which could turn trees into a very pure diesel fuel with fewer pollutants than biodiesel and one that can be used 100% in all diesel cars without adjustment. Do you think such technology might be preferable? I've not much time for any of it. That's the SunFuel that Mercedes and VW are so enamoured of (and seem to be heading for vehicles that can use SunFuel but not biodiesel, uh-huh). Fischer-Tropsch stuff (oil from coal too), there's quite a lot about it in the archives. Centralised high-tech high-investment plants, nice and controllable, you won't have a bunch of backyard hooligans like us butting in and spoiling it all for the big guys (though so far it's the big guys who've done all the spoiling as far as bad-quality biodiesel is
[Biofuel] two stage proccess... doubts
Hi We are making BD with a homemade reactor (80 liters). We have used de single stage and de two stage (base-base) methods succesfuly, but we still having many doubts :) In the two stages method described in journeytoforever, the mix settle around 12 h between first and second stage before extract the glycerine. It?s necessary to settle so many time? It?s bad if any glycerine is not decanted and is mixed in the second stage? Is there any trick to avoid to wait 12 h between first and second stage? Many thx in advance and sorry for my bad english ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
[Biofuel] Houston meat after-cook liquid users or recyclers
Are there any people in Houston getting together their after-cook liquid from chicken or hamburger to either recycle or use for either biofuel or soap? When this animal cook-liquid is put into your refrigerator, it separates with a white "plate" part on top and a bit more liquidy darker sometimes translucent part or a gel underneath it. Does only one of these parts get used to make bio-fuel/diesel? anifat ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] two stage proccess... doubts
ReZn0r, Settling time is simply letting gravity do the separation work for you, rather than enlisting equipment such as centrifuges. The more glycerol/soap that is extracted by settling the less impediment to the subsequent step, whether it be stage two or washing. Todd Swearingen Hi We are making BD with a homemade reactor (80 liters). We have used de single stage and de two stage (base-base) methods succesfuly, but we still having many doubts :) In the two stages method described in journeytoforever, the mix settle around 12 h between first and second stage before extract the glycerine. It?s necessary to settle so many time? It?s bad if any glycerine is not decanted and is mixed in the second stage? Is there any trick to avoid to wait 12 h between first and second stage? Many thx in advance and sorry for my bad english ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Widescale Biodiesel Production from Algae by MichaelBriggs
Joey, Sorry. I tend to discount anything that Monbiot ascribes to, which in turn contributed to not paying much attention to the Bad News... thread. People who don't offer solutions to the problems that they self-fabricate generally aren't high on my reading list. He's lost something over the years. A bit of a Pimental in his own right, using irrelevant or nearly irrelevant statistics to fit his obscure thought processes. As for Keith's remark? Anyway, don't mind me, I'm just not too interested or impressed by allegedly sustainable fuel schemes that don't promote local community self-reliance and are closed to the Appropriate Technology approach. Dittos. The problems we face today will not be solved by the minds that created them. Albert Einstein Todd Swearingen Todd, Please forgive the fact that I'm about to post a previous thread into this one, however, the archives don't seem to be working tonight. The following is Keith's last post on this issue. Subj: RE: Algae - was Re: [Biofuel] Gasoline Prices Todd, if you keep a good personal archive, please also note the thread the bad news about biodiesel http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/msg58130.html as it also has some kernels. -Joey snip... ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Green party to exempt biofuels from taxation
Hey Kenji; I didn't realize you were in Victoria. I have a friend in Ucluelet (near Tofino) who I'll be visiting in the next few months. It would be great to meet you when I am on the island. I am surprised to hear that news from you. I tend to think fondly of the folks in B.C. as being a more environmentally conscious lot than we easterners! Joe Kenji James Fuse wrote: Hi Joe, Out here in BC, the climate is coldly ignorant on all things biofuel. I sent the provincial environment minister an email informing him that I thought the 50% road tax exemption on biofuels was sadly inadequate, and four months later I have yet to receive a reply. The provincial Green leader, Adriene Carr, had lunch a few years ago with a friend of mine with an environmental studies background, and knew nothing of the offshore oil drilling situation here. Despite my distaste for the feds, I do appreciate their alternative fuel excise tax exemption. I have yet to contact any federal green party member, so please keep me posted. I'll try to attend whatever they do here in Victoria (I don't even know who my candidate is! What a bad citizen I am!). Kenji Fuse ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
[Biofuel] Cross Posted - [solar-ac] Now thats what I call a Solar City!!!!!
I thought this is worth mentioning.MikeGreg Watson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: To: Undisclosed-Recipient:;From: "Greg Watson" [EMAIL PROTECTED]Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2005 19:30:22 +1030Subject: [solar-ac] How thats what I call a Solar City!http://www.solaraustin.org/docs/Press%20Releases/PRS_EFC_Austin_Joins.htmlFOR IMMEDIATE RELEASEDecember 1, 2005For more information contact:Joni Gilton: 512-306-0898Eric Young: 202-223-6133Austin Becomes First City to Accept Energy Freedom ChallengeCity Pledges to Obtain 50 Percent of Electricity From Renewable SourcesAustin, Texas - Yesterday, Mayor Will Wynn announced that Austin will be the first city to enter a nationwide contest that challenges cities to obtain more than half of their electricity from clean renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and bioenergy.As your Mayor, I will accept the challenge that Austin remain the Number One city, the Number One utility in the country for renewable sales and that we in fact become the first city in the country to reach the 50 percent renewable goal, he said. We accept the challenge, and were going to figure out how to get there from here.The Energy Freedom Challenge: America's Race to Independence Through Renewable Energy is a national competition aimed at reducing our reliance on unstable, polluting energy sources. Launched in November 2005, the challenge will help accelerate home-grown clean energy technologies at the municipal level."The Energy Freedom Challenge will inspire U.S. cities to hasten their transition from fossil fuel based power to clean, renewable energy", said Jane Pulaski, Co-Chair of Solar Austin. "What city wouldn't want the coveted title of "Clean Energy Capital of the U.S.?"Earlier this year, the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Million Solar Roofs (MSR) Initiative (http://www.millionsolarroofs.org) awarded funding for the challenge. Solar Austin will administer the campaign. The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) will provide technical support by establishing a system to track each city's commitment."This contest will reduce harmful global warming pollution while creating jobs and boosting rural economies," said Kate Abend, UCS Energy Field Coordinator.The challenge could also save consumers money. Analysis by the DOE and UCS shows that increasing U.S. reliance on renewable energy sources would reduce the demand for natural gas, resulting in lower electricity bills."With consumers facing a costly home heating season due to soaring natural gas prices, this is the perfect time to deploy affordable renewable energy alternatives", said Tom Smith of Public Citizen."The vast majority of Americans wants cleaner air and energy independence, said Joni Gilton, Solar Austins Coordinator for the Energy Freedom Challenge. "This is a race that challenges us all to recognize that we can create a real sustainable energy future."-For more information on Solar Austin and the Energy Freedom Challenge, visithttp://www.solaraustin.orgFor more information about the Union of Concerned Scientists, visithttp://www.ucsusa.orgNow that's what I call a Solar City. Who will be next? Wonder if they would like a SunBall production facility in Austin? It is a sister city to Adelaide you know.By the way, as a mini SunBall update, I'm now putting together the production facility to make the first 100 1m2 SunBalls. Should be an interesting Jan 2006.All the best,Greg WatsonGreen and Gold EnergyAdelaide, South Australia+61 408 843 089http://www.greenandgoldenergy.com.auOnline SunBall discussion grouphttp://groups.yahoo.com/group/sunball Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Get fast access to your favorite Yahoo! Groups. Make Yahoo! your home pagehttp://us.click.yahoo.com/dpRU5A/wUILAA/yQLSAA/rGYolB/TM~- Archives of solar-ac messages are at:http://groups.yahoo.com/group/solar-ac/messagesYahoo! Groups Links* To visit your group on the web, go to:http://groups.yahoo.com/group/solar-ac/* To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:[EMAIL PROTECTED]* Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to:http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Cross Posted - [solar-ac] Now thats what I call a Solar City!!!!!
Austin definitely sounds like a happenin' place. They are also sponsoring a program to promote the plug-in electric hybrid vehicle concept. I learned about that last week at the conference (more later when I get my notes - and life - together again). Austin was also a big driver behind the wind projects in Texas. I have a few contacts there from various past activities. Darryl Michael Redler wrote: I thought this is worth mentioning. Mike Greg Watson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: To: Undisclosed-Recipient:; From: Greg Watson [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2005 19:30:22 +1030 Subject: [solar-ac] How thats what I call a Solar City! http://www.solaraustin.org/docs/Press%20Releases/PRS_EFC_Austin_Joins.html FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE December 1, 2005 For more information contact: Joni Gilton: 512-306-0898 Eric Young: 202-223-6133 Austin Becomes First City to Accept Energy Freedom Challenge City Pledges to Obtain 50 Percent of Electricity From Renewable Sources Austin, Texas - Yesterday, Mayor Will Wynn announced that Austin will be the first city to enter a nationwide contest that challenges cities to obtain more than half of their electricity from clean renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and bioenergy. “As your Mayor, I will accept the challenge that Austin remain the Number One city, the Number One utility in the country for renewable sales and that we in fact become the first city in the country to reach the 50 percent renewable goal,” he said. “We accept the challenge, and we’re going to figure out how to get there from here.” The Energy Freedom Challenge: America's Race to Independence Through Renewable Energy is a national competition aimed at reducing our reliance on unstable, polluting energy sources. Launched in November 2005, the challenge will help accelerate home-grown clean energy technologies at the municipal level. The Energy Freedom Challenge will inspire U.S. cities to hasten their transition from fossil fuel based power to clean, renewable energy, said Jane Pulaski, Co-Chair of Solar Austin. What city wouldn't want the coveted title of Clean Energy Capital of the U.S.? Earlier this year, the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Million Solar Roofs (MSR) Initiative (http://www.millionsolarroofs.org) awarded funding for the challenge. Solar Austin will administer the campaign. The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) will provide technical support by establishing a system to track each city's commitment. This contest will reduce harmful global warming pollution while creating jobs and boosting rural economies, said Kate Abend, UCS Energy Field Coordinator. The challenge could also save consumers money. Analysis by the DOE and UCS shows that increasing U.S. reliance on renewable energy sources would reduce the demand for natural gas, resulting in lower electricity bills. With consumers facing a costly home heating season due to soaring natural gas prices, this is the perfect time to deploy affordable renewable energy alternatives, said Tom Smith of Public Citizen. The vast majority of Americans wants cleaner air and energy independence,” said Joni Gilton, Solar Austin’s Coordinator for the Energy Freedom Challenge. This is a race that challenges us all to recognize that we can create a real sustainable energy future. - For more information on Solar Austin and the Energy Freedom Challenge, visit http://www.solaraustin.org For more information about the Union of Concerned Scientists, visit http://www.ucsusa.org Now that's what I call a Solar City. Who will be next? Wonder if they would like a SunBall production facility in Austin? It is a sister city to Adelaide you know. By the way, as a mini SunBall update, I'm now putting together the production facility to make the first 100 1m2 SunBalls. Should be an interesting Jan 2006. All the best, Greg Watson Green and Gold Energy Adelaide, South Australia +61 408 843 089 http://www.greenandgoldenergy.com.au Online SunBall discussion group http://groups.yahoo.com/group/sunball Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Get fast access to your favorite Yahoo! Groups. Make Yahoo! your home page http://us.click.yahoo.com/dpRU5A/wUILAA/yQLSAA/rGYolB/TM ~- Archives of solar-ac messages are at: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/solar-ac/messages Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/solar-ac/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [Biofuel] Cross Posted - [solar-ac] Now thats what I call a Solar City!!!!!
Yeah. I'm a little embarassed to be from the sunny and windy state of Colorado, which also has the one of the US's premier renewable energy research facilities. 90%+ coal power baby!! On 12/14/05, Darryl McMahon [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Austin definitely sounds like a happenin' place. They are also sponsoring a program to promote the plug-in electric hybrid vehicle concept. I learned about that last week at the conference (more later when I get my notes - and life - together again). Austin was also a big driver behind the wind projects in Texas. I have a few contacts there from various past activities. Darryl Michael Redler wrote: I thought this is worth mentioning. Mike Greg Watson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: To: Undisclosed-Recipient:; From: Greg Watson [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2005 19:30:22 +1030 Subject: [solar-ac] How thats what I call a Solar City! http://www.solaraustin.org/docs/Press%20Releases/PRS_EFC_Austin_Joins.html FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE December 1, 2005 For more information contact: Joni Gilton: 512-306-0898 Eric Young: 202-223-6133 Austin Becomes First City to Accept Energy Freedom Challenge City Pledges to Obtain 50 Percent of Electricity From Renewable Sources Austin, Texas - Yesterday, Mayor Will Wynn announced that Austin will be the first city to enter a nationwide contest that challenges cities to obtain more than half of their electricity from clean renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and bioenergy. As your Mayor, I will accept the challenge that Austin remain the Number One city, the Number One utility in the country for renewable sales and that we in fact become the first city in the country to reach the 50 percent renewable goal, he said. We accept the challenge, and we're going to figure out how to get there from here. The Energy Freedom Challenge: America's Race to Independence Through Renewable Energy is a national competition aimed at reducing our reliance on unstable, polluting energy sources. Launched in November 2005, the challenge will help accelerate home-grown clean energy technologies at the municipal level. The Energy Freedom Challenge will inspire U.S. cities to hasten their transition from fossil fuel based power to clean, renewable energy, said Jane Pulaski, Co-Chair of Solar Austin. What city wouldn't want the coveted title of Clean Energy Capital of the U.S.? Earlier this year, the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Million Solar Roofs (MSR) Initiative (http://www.millionsolarroofs.org) awarded funding for the challenge. Solar Austin will administer the campaign. The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) will provide technical support by establishing a system to track each city's commitment. This contest will reduce harmful global warming pollution while creating jobs and boosting rural economies, said Kate Abend, UCS Energy Field Coordinator. The challenge could also save consumers money. Analysis by the DOE and UCS shows that increasing U.S. reliance on renewable energy sources would reduce the demand for natural gas, resulting in lower electricity bills. With consumers facing a costly home heating season due to soaring natural gas prices, this is the perfect time to deploy affordable renewable energy alternatives, said Tom Smith of Public Citizen. The vast majority of Americans wants cleaner air and energy independence, said Joni Gilton, Solar Austin's Coordinator for the Energy Freedom Challenge. This is a race that challenges us all to recognize that we can create a real sustainable energy future. - For more information on Solar Austin and the Energy Freedom Challenge, visit http://www.solaraustin.org For more information about the Union of Concerned Scientists, visit http://www.ucsusa.org Now that's what I call a Solar City. Who will be next? Wonder if they would like a SunBall production facility in Austin? It is a sister city to Adelaide you know. By the way, as a mini SunBall update, I'm now putting together the production facility to make the first 100 1m2 SunBalls. Should be an interesting Jan 2006. All the best, Greg Watson Green and Gold Energy Adelaide, South Australia +61 408 843 089 http://www.greenandgoldenergy.com.au Online SunBall discussion group http://groups.yahoo.com/group/sunball Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Get fast access to your favorite Yahoo! Groups. Make Yahoo! your home page http://us.click.yahoo.com/dpRU5A/wUILAA/yQLSAA/rGYolB/TM ~- Archives of solar-ac messages are at: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/solar-ac/messages Yahoo!
Re: [Biofuel] Jatropha Curcas Where
Arden and all,Thank you for your suggestion but so far have been unable to locate any place that sells Jatropha seeds from Mexico, they all seem to be from India and am not sure if they are the toxic or non-toxic seeds. The mail system here is very slow. Running the best it does at 20 to 40Kbps, more than not it is in the lower sides. If any one can pint me to an address I would be most grateful. Doug Try to Google for: Jatropha Curcas seeds.I got a couple hundred references as to where to purchase seeds.Good luckArden___Biofuel mailing listBiofuel@sustainablelists.orghttp://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.orgBiofuel at Journey to Forever:http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.htmlSearch the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages):http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
[Biofuel] grease trap waste
Has anyone has any experience with grease trap waste. I am looking into an idea of collecting grease trap waste and seperating the water from the grease, then heating the grease to a level where it can be filtered and used in gas turbines while the water is cleaned up and use for irrigation I know grease trap waste is very high in FFA but does this atler it total energy value or just its gelling point. - Original Message - From: Joey Hundert [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org Sent: Wednesday, December 14, 2005 8:33 PM Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Widescale Biodiesel Production from Algae byMichaelBriggs Todd, Please forgive the fact that I'm about to post a previous thread into this one, however, the archives don't seem to be working tonight. The following is Keith's last post on this issue. Subj: RE: Algae - was Re: [Biofuel] Gasoline Prices Todd, if you keep a good personal archive, please also note the thread the bad news about biodiesel http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/msg58130.html as it also has some kernels. -Joey Hello Craig Hello Keith, I've been doing a bit of research on microalgae production for energy and found there is some research going on around the world in various places. The NREL's 'Aquatic Species Program' research closed in the mid 1990's due, among other things, to pressure for DOE funding and the decision to focus their research budgets on ethanol production. Were those the only reasons? I thought there were some negative reasons about algae too, could always be wrong though. Also in the 1990's the Japanese took the idea on in a big way, spending more than $250 million on research into hi-tec bioreactors with optical fiber devices etc but found they were too expensive to be economical. I believe research is continuing there but on a smaller scale; I haven't heard of any such research here, and I'm a bit sceptical. As with biodiesel itself - it's quite easy to get the impression that there's lots of fancy stuff going on here, especially if you listen to several quite noisy people, and there are indeed some fancy Japanese patents, but in fact biodiesel hardly exists here, some (or most) of the few projects that do exist are very bad, to the extent that emissions tests for exemption from the restrictions of the anti-diesel campaign here (Tokyo and some other places) will no longer allow biodiesel because they've found it's so badly made it wrecks the machinery. Tests of our biodiesel have shown it would pass and wouldn't mess up any machinery, but they made a blanket rule: NO biodiesel, great, thanks guys. More and more people are making their own now, since we got involved (not boasting, that's what's happened), high-quality fuel, but it doesn't count, too bad. Same with ethanol, lots of good research, lots of schemes, but nothing happens. Yet. China and Israel are also leaders in applied phycology and have done work on biofuels from algae. Michael Briggs, of UNH, and his team are currently focusing on enclosed systems where the algae will process wastewater too. Have they made any biodiesel from it yet? John Benemann, who was involved in the NREL research, is now an independent consultant and heading up an international network who are researching into it: their website gives a good overview Thanks, I'll take a look. http://www.co2captureandstorage.info/networks/Biofixation.htm . http://www.co2captureandstorage.info/networks/documents/01roadmp.pdf Other links... NREL research http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/34796.pdf http://govdocs.aquake.org/cgi/reprint/2004/915/9150010.pdf Further studies http://www.unh.edu/p2/biodiesel/pdf/algae_salton_sea.pdf http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/pdf/36_qingyu_wu_en.pdf Discussion forum exchanges http://biodiesel.infopop.cc/eve/ubb.x?a=tpcs=447609751f=719605551m =932606061r=932606061#932606061 Um... (burp), no thanks. http://forums.biodieselnow.com/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=3153. http://forums.biodieselnow.com/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=3414whichpage=1 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/oil_from_algae/ Algal biodiesel plant planned for California?? (I don't know anything more about it) http://www.bfi.org/Trimtab/spring02/biodiesel.htm US Company making algal biodiesel from power station gases http://www.greenfuelonline.com/index.htm I find the last link particularly interesting. My only problem with it - and with John Benemann's network - is the idea of putting CO2 from coal power stations into algae. All that fossil carbon still ends up in the atmosphere eventually: we need to focus on ways of locking it up permanently. Like just leaving it where it is now, for instance, nicely locked up and causing no trouble (apart from the odd war and so on). Some hope. Also, as an alternative to algae, a lot of research is being done on biomass-to-liquid technology which could turn trees into a very pure diesel fuel with fewer pollutants than
Re: [Biofuel] two stage proccess... doubts
Hi Appal, Con fecha miércoles, 14 de diciembre de 2005, 14:00:32, escribiste: Hi We are making BD with a homemade reactor (80 liters). We have used de single stage and de two stage (base-base) methods succesfuly, but we still having many doubts :) In the two stages method described in journeytoforever, the mix settle around 12 h between first and second stage before extract the glycerine. It?s necessary to settle so many time? It?s bad if any glycerine is not decanted and is mixed in the second stage? Is there any trick to avoid to wait 12 h between first and second stage? Many thx in advance and sorry for my bad english AE ReZn0r, AE Settling time is simply letting gravity do the separation work for AE you, rather than enlisting equipment such as centrifuges. The more AE glycerol/soap that is extracted by settling the less impediment to the AE subsequent step, whether it be stage two or washing. AE Todd Swearingen Hi Todd Thx for reply I Agree with this and for sure is very important to let settle before wash, but I want to know if is there any problem in the second stage if we have 5% for example of total glycerine from the first stage inside the mix of the second one... (I think 95% of glycerine settles in less than 1 hour, correct me if I am wrong) AE ___ AE Biofuel mailing list AE Biofuel@sustainablelists.org AE http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org AE Biofuel at Journey to Forever: AE http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html AE Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): AE http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ -- Un Saludo, ReZn0rmailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] two stage proccess... doubts
I've had a question about the two-stage, base-base method as well. My second stage resulted in such a little amount of glycerin it didn't seem worth the extra time or effort. Any comments? I suppose the removal of this last tablespoon of glycerin gets my BD to ASTM standards for free glycerin, but it seems alot of work for a little result, when I'm only using the stuff myself. KF On Wed, 14 Dec 2005, ReZn0r wrote: Hi We are making BD with a homemade reactor (80 liters). We have used de single stage and de two stage (base-base) methods succesfuly, but we still having many doubts :) In the two stages method described in journeytoforever, the mix settle around 12 h between first and second stage before extract the glycerine. It?s necessary to settle so many time? It?s bad if any glycerine is not decanted and is mixed in the second stage? Is there any trick to avoid to wait 12 h between first and second stage? Many thx in advance and sorry for my bad english ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
[Biofuel] Bush takes blame for Iraq war on bad intelligence
http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20051214/pl_nm/iraq_bush_dc Didn't the CIA tell him the intelligence was based on two proven fabricators? "In fact, Secretary Powell was not told that one of the sources he was given as a source of this information had indeed been flagged by the Defense Intelligence Agency as a liar, a fabricator," says David Kay, who served as the CIA's chief weapons inspector in Iraq after the fall of Saddam. That source, an Iraqi defector who had never been debriefed by the CIA, was known within the intelligence community as "Curveball." http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/meast/08/19/powell.un/ http://snipurl.com/k3c1 RollingStone.com: The Man Who Sold the War . . . Strapped to the polygraph machine was Adnan Ihsan Saeed al-Haideri, a forty-three-year-old Iraqi who had fled his homeland in Kurdistan and was now determined to bring down Saddam Hussein. For hours, as thin mechanical styluses traced black lines on rolling graph paper, al-Haideri laid out an explosive tale. Answering yes and no to a series of questions, he insisted repeatedly that he was a civil engineer who had helped Saddam's men to secretly bury tons of biological, chemical and nuclear weapons. The illegal arms, according to al-Haideri, were buried in subterranean wells, hidden in private villas, even stashed beneath the Saddam Hussein Hospital, the largest medical facility in Baghdad. It was damning stuff -- just the kind of evidence the Bush administration was looking for. If the charges were true, they would offer the White House a compelling reason to invade Iraq and depose Saddam. That's why the Pentagon had flown a CIA polygraph expert to Pattaya: to question al-Haideri and confirm, once and for all, that Saddam was secretly stockpiling weapons of mass destruction. There was only one problem: It was all a lie. After a review of the sharp peaks and deep valleys on the polygraph chart, the intelligence officer concluded that al-Haideri had made up the entire story, apparently in the hopes of securing a visa. ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
[Biofuel] Now this has potential
http://www.simplecodeworks.com/photo-tour/photo-tour.htmlThey are using it for adventure games but it could be used for maps or walking you through processes and eqpt - whatever. Let your imagination be the limit.Kirk Yahoo! Shopping Find Great Deals on Holiday Gifts at Yahoo! Shopping ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] two stage proccess... doubts
I let some of my BD settle for about 2 months (indoors, 22 degrees celcius) and by the time I got to the washing stage I noticed that it was rather clear with some white sediment at the bottom. And when I washed It I did not observe much soap formation. And the separation was almost immediate like I was mixing vegetable oil and water. Now after two days the water still looks fairly clear. The bd is slightly cloudy. First I worried that I hadnt completed the process and that what I was washing was more vegetable oil rather thatn Bd, but reprocessing it didn't give any glycerine. Is there any error here? Thanks for any advice Teoman -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Appal Energy Sent: Wednesday, December 14, 2005 3:01 PM To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org Subject: Re: [Biofuel] two stage proccess... doubts ReZn0r, Settling time is simply letting gravity do the separation work for you, rather than enlisting equipment such as centrifuges. The more glycerol/soap that is extracted by settling the less impediment to the subsequent step, whether it be stage two or washing. Todd Swearingen Hi We are making BD with a homemade reactor (80 liters). We have used de single stage and de two stage (base-base) methods succesfuly, but we still having many doubts :) In the two stages method described in journeytoforever, the mix settle around 12 h between first and second stage before extract the glycerine. It?s necessary to settle so many time? It?s bad if any glycerine is not decanted and is mixed in the second stage? Is there any trick to avoid to wait 12 h between first and second stage? Many thx in advance and sorry for my bad english ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.or g Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Cross Posted - [solar-ac] Now thats what I call aSolar City!!!!!
Austin has its own dept to help those interested in converting their homes to solar (ie federal credits, state credits, and Austin makes up the difference - at least they used to). they also bought up the grass in your yard if you would xeroscape. peace, michele - Original Message - From: Zeke Yewdall [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org Sent: Wednesday, December 14, 2005 10:11 AM Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Cross Posted - [solar-ac] Now thats what I call aSolar City! Yeah. I'm a little embarassed to be from the sunny and windy state of Colorado, which also has the one of the US's premier renewable energy research facilities. 90%+ coal power baby!! On 12/14/05, Darryl McMahon [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Austin definitely sounds like a happenin' place. They are also sponsoring a program to promote the plug-in electric hybrid vehicle concept. I learned about that last week at the conference (more later when I get my notes - and life - together again). Austin was also a big driver behind the wind projects in Texas. I have a few contacts there from various past activities. Darryl Michael Redler wrote: I thought this is worth mentioning. Mike Greg Watson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: To: Undisclosed-Recipient:; From: Greg Watson [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2005 19:30:22 +1030 Subject: [solar-ac] How thats what I call a Solar City! http://www.solaraustin.org/docs/Press%20Releases/PRS_EFC_Austin_Joins.html FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE December 1, 2005 For more information contact: Joni Gilton: 512-306-0898 Eric Young: 202-223-6133 Austin Becomes First City to Accept Energy Freedom Challenge City Pledges to Obtain 50 Percent of Electricity From Renewable Sources Austin, Texas - Yesterday, Mayor Will Wynn announced that Austin will be the first city to enter a nationwide contest that challenges cities to obtain more than half of their electricity from clean renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and bioenergy. As your Mayor, I will accept the challenge that Austin remain the Number One city, the Number One utility in the country for renewable sales and that we in fact become the first city in the country to reach the 50 percent renewable goal, he said. We accept the challenge, and we're going to figure out how to get there from here. The Energy Freedom Challenge: America's Race to Independence Through Renewable Energy is a national competition aimed at reducing our reliance on unstable, polluting energy sources. Launched in November 2005, the challenge will help accelerate home-grown clean energy technologies at the municipal level. The Energy Freedom Challenge will inspire U.S. cities to hasten their transition from fossil fuel based power to clean, renewable energy, said Jane Pulaski, Co-Chair of Solar Austin. What city wouldn't want the coveted title of Clean Energy Capital of the U.S.? Earlier this year, the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Million Solar Roofs (MSR) Initiative (http://www.millionsolarroofs.org) awarded funding for the challenge. Solar Austin will administer the campaign. The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) will provide technical support by establishing a system to track each city's commitment. This contest will reduce harmful global warming pollution while creating jobs and boosting rural economies, said Kate Abend, UCS Energy Field Coordinator. The challenge could also save consumers money. Analysis by the DOE and UCS shows that increasing U.S. reliance on renewable energy sources would reduce the demand for natural gas, resulting in lower electricity bills. With consumers facing a costly home heating season due to soaring natural gas prices, this is the perfect time to deploy affordable renewable energy alternatives, said Tom Smith of Public Citizen. The vast majority of Americans wants cleaner air and energy independence, said Joni Gilton, Solar Austin's Coordinator for the Energy Freedom Challenge. This is a race that challenges us all to recognize that we can create a real sustainable energy future. - For more information on Solar Austin and the Energy Freedom Challenge, visit http://www.solaraustin.org For more information about the Union of Concerned Scientists, visit http://www.ucsusa.org Now that's what I call a Solar City. Who will be next? Wonder if they would like a SunBall production facility in Austin? It is a sister city to Adelaide you know. By the way, as a mini SunBall update, I'm now putting together the production facility to make the first 100 1m2 SunBalls. Should be an interesting Jan 2006. All the best, Greg
[Biofuel] Is the Pentagon spying on Americans?
Is the Pentagon spying on Americans? Secret database obtained by NBC News tracks suspicious domestic groups By Lisa Myers, Douglas Pasternak, Rich Gardella and the NBC Investigative Unit Updated: 6:18 p.m. ET Dec. 14, 2005 Lisa Myers Senior investigative correspondent WASHINGTON - A year ago, at a Quaker Meeting House in Lake Worth, Fla., a small group of activists met to plan a protest of military recruiting at local high schools. What they didn't know was that their meeting had come to the attention of the U.S. military.A secret 400-page Defense Department document obtained by NBC News lists the Lake Worth meeting as a threat and one of more than 1,500 suspicious incidents across the country over a recent 10-month period.This peaceful, educationally oriented group being a threat is incredible, says Evy Grachow, a member of the Florida group called The Truth Project. This is incredible, adds group member Rich Hersh. It's an example of paranoia by our government, he says. We're not doing anything illegal.The Defense Department document is the first inside look at how the U.S. military has stepped up intelligence collection inside this country since 9/11, which now includes the monitoring of peaceful anti-war and counter-military recruitment groups. I think Americans should be concerned that the military, in fact, has reached too far, says NBC News military analyst Bill Arkin. The Department of Defense declined repeated requests by NBC News for an interview. A spokesman said that all domestic intelligence information is properly collected and involves protection of Defense Department installations, interests and personnel. The military has always had a legitimate force protection mission inside the U.S. to protect its personnel and facilities from potential violence. But the Pentagon now collects domestic intelligence that goes beyond legitimate concerns about terrorism or protecting U.S. military installations, say critics. Four dozen anti-war meetings The DOD database obtained by NBC News includes nearly four dozen anti-war meetings or protests, including some that have taken place far from any military installation, post or recruitment center. One incident included in the database is a large anti-war protest at Hollywood and Vine in Los Angeles last March that included effigies of President Bush and anti-war protest banners. Another incident mentions a planned protest against military recruiters last December in Boston and a planned protest last April at McDonalds National Salute to Americas Heroes a military air and sea show in Fort Lauderdale, Fla.The Fort Lauderdale protest was deemed not to be a credible threat and a column in the database concludes: US group exercising constitutional rights. Two-hundred and forty-three other incidents in the database were discounted because they had no connection to the Department of Defense yet they all remained in the database.The DOD has strict guidelines (.PDF link), adopted in December 1982, that limit the extent to which they can collect and retain information on U.S. citizens. Still, the DOD database includes at least 20 references to U.S. citizens or U.S. persons. Other documents obtained by NBC News show that the Defense Department is clearly increasing its domestic monitoring activities. One DOD briefing document stamped secret concludes: [W]e have noted increased communication and encouragement between protest groups using the [I]nternet, but no significant connection between incidents, such as reoccurring instigators at protests or vehicle descriptions. The increased monitoring disturbs some military observers. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10454316/___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] two stage proccess... doubts
ReZn0r, All chemical reactions, in one way shape or form, are reactions of equilibrium. And the results of many reactions are less than desired if the chemical balance is only one of stoichiometric balance. Hence the need on many occasions to use excess amounts of one chemical or another in an equation to drive the reaction in the direction desired. Relative to allowing enough time for the glycerol cocktail (glycerin, methanol, excess catalyst and soap) to settle out of the first stage before conducting the second? Without controlled testing to quantify the differences between trials/samples, about all that can be said is that the presence of glycerol will naturally attract some of the methanol (like seeks like), as might whatever fraction of soap is present, possibly preventing an unknown fraction of the methanol from randomly interacting with the unconverted glycerides as it might have normally had the first stage been allowed to settle sufficiently. The same holds true for the catalyst, as some water is generated in a transesterification. This small amount largely settles out with everything else in a base reaction. As the catalyst is hydrophyllic, its first tendency is to gravitate towards water, which in turn will bind up a small portion rather than allowing it to perform its function. All this is done in microscopic amounts and may not amount to any discernible difference between samples that have settled twelve hours or samples that have settled six. There is really only one way to determine whether or not there is any significant difference between the two end results. That would be to conduct the testing. On a firsthand note, as we don't use two-stage base processing, opting instead for acid/base processing. As a result, we're not exactly in a position to inform you definitively one way or the other. It's also rather doubtful that very many people are in such a position, if only for the reason that it would take some rather controlled experimentation and the majority probably don't have the time or facilities to conduct such testing. On the other hand, it shouldn't be too terribly difficult to conduct some basic/crude testing at your own leisure to see if you can discern any noticeable difference. A fair guess is that you wouldn't notice much, if any. Perhaps what another question might be is Do you really have need of expediting a process? If so, such as in an industrial/commercial environment, testing might hold more validity for you than other bears of average brain. Todd Swearingen Hi Appal, Con fecha miércoles, 14 de diciembre de 2005, 14:00:32, escribiste: Hi We are making BD with a homemade reactor (80 liters). We have used de single stage and de two stage (base-base) methods succesfuly, but we still having many doubts :) In the two stages method described in journeytoforever, the mix settle around 12 h between first and second stage before extract the glycerine. It?s necessary to settle so many time? It?s bad if any glycerine is not decanted and is mixed in the second stage? Is there any trick to avoid to wait 12 h between first and second stage? Many thx in advance and sorry for my bad english AE ReZn0r, AE Settling time is simply letting gravity do the separation work for AE you, rather than enlisting equipment such as centrifuges. The more AE glycerol/soap that is extracted by settling the less impediment to the AE subsequent step, whether it be stage two or washing. AE Todd Swearingen Hi Todd Thx for reply I Agree with this and for sure is very important to let settle before wash, but I want to know if is there any problem in the second stage if we have 5% for example of total glycerine from the first stage inside the mix of the second one... (I think 95% of glycerine settles in less than 1 hour, correct me if I am wrong) AE ___ AE Biofuel mailing list AE Biofuel@sustainablelists.org AE http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org AE Biofuel at Journey to Forever: AE http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html AE Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): AE http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
[Biofuel] Similarities between Oil and Nuclear Fuel
What (else) is wrongwith the presidents "energy initiatives"?"WASHINGTON (CNN) -- Comparing U.S. dependence on overseas oil to a "foreign tax on the American people," President Bush on Wednesday proposed a series of energy initiatives, including more oil refineries and nuclear plants, to combat the problem."http://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/04/27/bush.energy/We already know that if there is going to be an unfairtax on the American people, it should be imposed by Americans -- right? Here's proof which we discussed in an earlier thread:"Exxon Mobil Corp. had a quarter for the record books. The world's largest publicly traded oil company said Thursday high oil and natural-gas prices helped its third-quarter profit surge almost 75 percent to $9.92 billion, the largest quarterly profit for a U.S. company ever, and it was the first to ring up more than $100 billion in quarterly sales."http://www.commondreams.org/headlines05/1027-06.htmIn addition, there is a clear preference toward unsustainable, environmentally dangerous sources, like nuclear. Like oil, nuclear fuel has the same inherent problems related to finding, collecting and controlling a finite supply.Here is where(I think) it gets interesting. The article below reads exactly like a typical article addressing oil inventories. I think most of us would agree that this is not a big surprise. However, this is the first time I've seen it in print by an organization dedicated to tracking nuclear fuel markets."The decline in global commercial uranium inventories is rapidly shifting an inventory-driven market to one that is production-driven. Consolidation over the last several years has squeezed the number of uranium suppliers, reduced geographical diversity, and now several existing and future uranium production centers are in question. In the interim, long-term indicators are pointing toward a demand curve that will exceed supply within the next several years and ultimately lead to higher prices." http://www.uxc.com/products/rpt_usa.htmlSome of you are better informed than I am so, I apologize if this particular discovery has already been covered.Mike ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
