Re: [Biofuel] castor oil
Castor oil is much more valuable as castor oil rather than biodiesel ~ $800 per mt in the US with no processing costs. Yahoo! Messenger with Voice. Make PC-to-Phone Calls to the US (and 30+ countries) for 2¢/min or less.___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Another use for glycerine
You can make monoglycerides by reacting glycerol with FAME in mixed phase solvent systems. These are used as emulsifiers in food and pharmaceutical products. Ken__Do You Yahoo!?Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] de-polymerizing cellulose not practical at this point
Brian You should consider turning the trees into pellets. There is a lot of info on this from Danish and Swedish websites. Let someone else mess with boilers etc. Ken Start your day with Yahoo! - make it your home page http://www.yahoo.com/r/hs ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] ethanol from wood using mushrooms
Ill combine my answers. Bob Yes, you need a cellulase to extract glucose and there are many with those from Trichoderma reesei being the most common and most studied with the genome known (?). The glucose has many uses with ethanol being just one of them losing ~ half of the starting material as CO2. Others like citric acid dont lose material except that used for cell growth. I should mention the dilute and concentrated acid methods are also viable options, but I prefer the biological route for use in the third world. The EERE site has a lot of info about this and worth a look for those interested. There are a few plants actually in production making glucose whose names and locations Ive forgotten -names like ADM, Cargil in places like Canada come to mind. . With high fuel prices, the old technologies and some new ones may become viable again like during the first OPEC embargo circa 1970. Tom The thesis (I think it is a thesis) is: Pauliina Lankinen, Liginolytic enzymes of the basidiomycetous fungi Agaricus bisporus and Phlebia radiata on lignocellulose-containing media, Helsinki 2004 http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/maa/skemi/vk/lankinen/ligninol.pdf There is a lot of research going on in Finland and Sweden because of he economic importance of forests in these countries. = Greg MoS2 catalysis is another old idea with patents held by Dow and a new one held by a small company. This is modified Fisher-Tropsch idea with first making syngas (H2 + CO) in various propitiations and the catalysis recombines as alcohols rather than hydrocarbons as is the case in the full-blown F-T. No addition of H2 is necessary. This also isnt poisoned by sulphur because sulphur is part of the catalysis. Start your day with Yahoo! - make it your home page ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] ethanol from wood using mushrooms
I was reading just yesterday about using white rot fungus in the form of mushrooms of the common button type as selective for lignin and leaving the cellulose and hemicellulose alone as part of a pulping scheme. The cellulose and maybe the hemicellulose can then be fermented to ethanol. (Another approach is using a MoS2 catalyst.) It was a PhD thesis, but I dont have it with me. I can look it up if interested. Ken Brian Rodgers [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello Fredthanks for the input, even if it does pop another bubble, dammit. Mushrooms like the same sugars that yeasts like. So a lot of what you are trying to get from the wood is what the fungi consumes. I have cultured both yeasts and fungi and had to have completely seperate laminar stations because there was cross contamination going out of control. From what I have heard about most brewing systems it seems like I better build a super clean laboratory to do my experiments in. I have an insulated semi-trailer that my buddy was using to grow edible mushrooms in. I was thinking I might strip it back to the cleanable fiberglass walls and washable steel floor and try my hand at brewing something easier like corn or fruit just to get some experience with all this scientific stuff. Right now the trailer houses my electronic workshop and a small jewelry workbench. Whatever I do, it seems plain to me that change is in the air. If you can find the fungi and make it work, I would be happy to see the results. fredNow that you bring up this point about yeasts and fungi eating sugar the same stuff needed to ferment, it occurs to me that these fungi folks were unaware that I was trying to ferment the sawdust. Their original plan as I recall was to help my friend who owns a small sawmill to dispose of sawdust. Oh well at this point it is still in the thinking about it stage. I will gladly leave some of this learning the hard way stuff for next season, or as they say around here Mañana I will apprise you all of the mushroom experiment as it develops.Brian Rodgers ___Biofuel mailing listBiofuel@sustainablelists.orghttp://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.orgBiofuel at Journey to Forever:http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.htmlSearch the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages):http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ Start your day with Yahoo! - make it your home page ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Commercial Biodiesel
This is from another list, but it addresses some of your questions. eric, i take exception to your comment re the price per installed per year gallon capacity for biodiesel plants. our company, BIOFUELS S.A. has been in the market for over six years now, and exports to 17 countries, including the usa and canada. our 'per anual gallon capacity plant cost' is far from the figures you mention. as an example, our continuos BIOFLOW600 will deliver one million gallons (actually 4'000 tons/yr) per year astm d 6751 compliant bd and costs u$s 168'300.00 ex-works. we have two of them operating in europe, and one in latina america. they all react using our proprietary HTP protocol, at 110 degrees celsius (230 degrees farenheit) under 3 atm pressure (43 psi); we guarantee a conversion rate of at least 98% using wvo, which precludes the need to wash the biodiesel after it is made. that works out to u$s 0.17 per gallon, not the u$s 1.00 - 2.00 you mention. our batch units have an even lower per anual gallon cost than our continuos units, for example a BIO400-3200 will output 200'000 gallons/yr of astm d 6751 compliant biodiesel, yet costs u$s 12'900.00 ex-works, or u$s 0.06 per installed gallon per year capacity. it reacts at 90 degrees celsius (194 degrees farenheit), under 1.5 atm pressure (21 psi). we have delivered to date more than 150 such units. (btw, an energea 6'000'000 gallons/yr plant costs u$s 5'820'000.00 ex-works, which works out to u$s 0.97 per gallon anual installed capacity; energea is probably the priciest piece of equipment arround that i know of). the fact that people are willing to pay outrageous prices for plants requiring that you wash biodiesel twice, and then dry it, and distill it, before you can meet standards, does not mean that this will remain so forever. methinks that as people become more knowledgeable, and learn to shop around, cost per yearly installed gallon capacity is going to come down. yesterday was once tomorrow... cheers, dick. Ricardo G. Carlstein BIOFUELS S.A. Miembro de CAEBA - Camara Argentina del Biodiesel www.biofuels-sa.com Telefono Local: 4743.1116) Celular Local: 15.5516.2006 Phone (Overseas): +54.11.4743.1116 Mobile (Overseas): +54.911.5516.2006 It is not a sign of good health to be well adjusted to a sick society Jiddu Krishnamoorthi (1895-1986) --- Adrian Machado Van Deusen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: You mentioned a couple of manufacturers of biodiesel plants, Each seeking continuous production and capacity for at least 10,000 gal day. Here's another: www.petrobio.com.br They are asking me 2 million REAIS (divide by 2.34 for the dollar value) for a 30,000 litre processing system that is very efficient in that it removes water through centrifuge, instead of decantation. Hope this helped. Adrian Message: 3 Date: Fri, 22 Jul 2005 13:36:35 -0500 From: Lamar Lott [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: [Biofuel] Commercial Biodiesel To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org Message-ID: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 thanks for answering Todd's question. But after making Biodiesel lab-style numerous times with several feed stocks, I'm at an absolute loss as to how any of this could possibly cost a million dollars. Physically separating water, washing and drying tanks, numerous pumps and smaller tanks with some heat exchangers-seems like a 4,000 gallon reactor ought to make 10,000 gallons a week. Put several batch reactors together linearly and it sounds continuous. Are the permits and regulations what cost so much? I've heard no question is stupid but I'm feeling it! Lamar -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of Keith Addison Sent: Thursday, July 21, 2005 1:03 PM To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Commercial Biodiesel Hello Todd I am seriously working on developing a commercial large scale bio diesel plant and am at the very early stages. at this point I am sourcing large scale biodiesel systems. I need your help-Is one system better than amnother? ie. Cost , output, system config etc. I am lookign for the overall best company that offers a great price and a good product. I am looking at a minimum output of 5 million gallons per year. i have sourced two companies so far-continuous flow batch systems and one company is asking $5 million and the other is asking $1.5 Million-a huge difference and I am now looking for help from all members. Recommendations? Can I set up my own plant of this scale that could meet all government standards for much less? Todd Wootton These are the best systems, by all accounts: ENERGEA -- The next generation of biodiesel technology -- CTER Continuous Trans Esterification Reactor technology opens a new chapter in biodiesel production: up to 50% lower cost of investment, turn-key modules the size of a container, multi-feed-stock technology,
[Biofuel] Lemon juice chemical refreshes car exhaust
http://www.nature.com/news/2005/050425/full/050425-10.html Clean catalytic converters help to keep pollution down. The age-old household tip that lemon juice makes for a great cleaning agent has found new use in the garage. Researchers have found that a simple wash of citric acid can spruce up exhausted catalytic converters in diesel-powered cars, renewing their pollution-busting properties. In diesel engines, catalytic converters contain a honeycomb of platinum that cleans up exhaust gases by turning poisonous carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons into more benign carbon dioxide. This breaks down molecules that could contribute to smog. But sulphur in the fuel and phosphorus from anti-wear oil additives can gum up a converter and prevent it from working. Researchers have tried various methods to clean them out in the past, mostly involving strong acids. But while these often do a good job of wiping away the gunk, they also tend to eat away at the valuable platinum. Now scientists from the Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry in Madrid, Spain, have found that a dilute solution of citric acid can wash out the catalyst killers without damaging the platinum. When tested on a simulated stream of exhaust gases, the cleaned-up catalysts were as good as new, the team reports online in Environmental Science and Technology1. Catalytic comeback The citric acid - which was produced industrially rather than by squeezing lemons - removed up to 82% of the phosphorus and about 90% of the sulphur from a catalyst that had been used for 48,000 kilometres of driving in a diesel-fuelled car. The wash cycle took six hours at 80 °C. Removing sulphur and phosphorus in this way is a very positive step, says Richard Stobart, an automotive engineer at the University of Sussex in Brighton, UK. The average vehicle runs for roughly 240,000 kilometres, and catalytic converters are supposed to last this course. But some researchers have claimed that up to 90% of catalysts fail before they reach 80,000 kilometres, says Stobart. Regenerating them periodically could help to reduce emission pollution, he adds. Cars built in the United States already have on-board emissions monitoring, which should alert the driver when the catalyst starts to fail. Similar guidelines are expected to come into force in Europe within the next few years, says Stobart. At present, many used catalytic converters are recycled to extract the expensive platinum metal, Stobart notes. But this energy-intensive process wastes the rest of the converter. Reactivation would be much more environmentally friendly, he says. But it may be more expensive. Stobart says that the only people who would find it economically feasible to clean their converters would probably be those with fleets of diesel trucks that can each cover 2 million kilometres in their lifetime. With more stringent emissions monitoring on the horizon, it would make good sense for these engines to get a regular spring clean. These are big, valuable devices, and replacing them can cost as much as replacing an engine, says Stobart. - Yahoo! Mail Stay connected, organized, and protected. Take the tour ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
RE: [Biofuel] Wind Turbines
Hi Peggy Ethanol is a high value fuel to make for the farm. Anaerobic digestion to methane would be a better choice with higher yield. From lignocellulose feed stock to ethanol the maximum yield is ~40% with actual yields being lower than this depending on the pretreatment (half of the mass is lost as carbon dioxide). Lets say $30 per ton corn stover ($60 per ton is more normal) and $0.10 for cellulases ($0.50 now) for a total cost of: Best case scenario ($30/0.4)/(334 gallons per metric ton) + $010 = $0.32 More likely scenario ($60/0.25)/(334gallons per metric ton) + $0.50 = $0.95 This leaves out the cost of pretreatment method and waste disposable, again a function of pretreatment (acid, base, steam explosion, ammonia, etc). Im taking the approach of cheap ($10 per metric ton) rice straw feedstock available where I live and living fungus. Everything can be done in water tanks with an overall yield of ~10%. Our cost ($10/0.10)/(334 gallons per metric ton) = $0.30 complete. Best regards, Ken --- Peggy [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Todd: Sure would like to see the economics of politics get ratcheted down a half-dozen notches to something that resembles living within a country's means. Hello Todd, Just a note about a few demonstrations that are being activated... There is now a push with the Department of Agriculture to eliminate subsidies (and that's another issue). However, they are reviewing proposals to highlight farmers who are living within their means and offering smaller production facilities. A few examples are as follows: Small dairies can produce their own distiller's grain and use the fuel ethanol that is produced in the process as fuel for running irrigation pumps or producing biodiesel and the systems also generate electricity for farm use while producing the fuel ethanol. One Arkansas farmer plans to demonstrate this as an exemplary model starting this spring. Also, a crop rotation program between corn and sugar beet can provide feedstock for small fuel ethanol facilities across Montana and eliminate the need for subsidies. The best part is that farmers can have the option to either sell to the sugar producers or produce fuel ethanol--whichever offers the best market value. Another subsidy elimination demonstration project is being planned for sugar cane growers in South Texas. Changes in traditional agricultural practices within the past few decades are planned. Awareness and attention to the successes can make a huge difference right now. Hopefully, this kind of self-sufficient activity will snowball into general acceptance and the producer retains his individuality in the process. It's a very exciting time to be active in these pursuits. Best wishes, Peggy ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ __ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
[Biofuel] Concentrating Thermal Radiation as a Renewable Energy Source
Hi All Heres my free energy device. This started out as a low cost non-tracing solar concentrator (http://www.geocities.com/kgotberg/csl.htm) and evolved into a concentrating thermal radiation device. I wonder if anyone sees any fatal flaws. The idea is to use cold lenses and light guides to concentrate thermal radiation unto a central receiver where a heat engine is used to produce electricity. Energy is conserved. A quantitative analysis shows an expected output power on the order of 110 w/m2. Details at http://www.geocities.com/kgotberg/ctr.htm Best regards Ken __ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
Re: [biofuel] Breakthrough Purports Answer to Global Warming
This is a good question about what can be done with CO2 besides putting it back into the atmosphere. Lets say energy is no problem from solar, nuclear, can things like polymers etc be made out of this stuff? But what was important to me was to develop a sense of where we stand as far as the concept of artifially dealing with some of the CO2 surplus problem. __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Finance: Get your refund fast by filing online. http://taxes.yahoo.com/filing.html Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Send the freshest Valentine's flowers with a FREE vase from only $29.99! Shipped direct from the grower with a 7 day freshness guarantee and prices so low you save 30-55% off retail! http://us.click.yahoo.com/_iAw9B/xdlHAA/3jkFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Breakthrough Purports Answer to Global Warming
Hi Bob This looks silly to me as well and came across it while doing a google news search for global warming, about 1,600 hits with all manner of things presented. Regards, Ken this seems very silly, at least in thermodynamic terms. I don't care what magical process you use it requires just as much (actually more) energy to to reduce carbon dioxide to carbon as you get from oxidizing it in the first place. __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Finance: Get your refund fast by filing online. http://taxes.yahoo.com/filing.html Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Re: Solar to Noncarbon Fuels Other Than H2
Hi Bruce Here's a link with info about hydrazine. Ken http://www.asi.org/adb/04/03/09/hydrazine-info.html ...Chemical Properties Hydrazine is a powerful reducing agent. It is attractive as a reducing agent due to its high hydrogen content, and friendly by-product of nitrogen. It will reduce a number of important metal salts to the element, including silver and nickel. Producing 148.6 kcal/mol in its oxidation reaction, hydrazine has an impressive affininty for oxygen: N2H4 + O2 = N2 + 2 H2O It is used in this capacity to remove oxygen from boiler systems, and as an additive to many substances to prevent oxidative deterioration... --- Bruce Crowder [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi Ken, Any idea what the energy content is of a kg of hydrazine would be? -Bruce *~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~* Date: Tue, 10 Feb 2004 02:28:28 -0800 (PST) From: Ken Gotberg [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Solar to Noncarbon Fuels Other Than H2 Hi Murdoch, Greg, and April Hydrazine is a liquid at normal temps (mp 2C, bp 113C) and while no longer used as a rocket booster fuel, it is used for positioning/microcontroller jets. The technology is fairly developed now and could make sense as an earthbound vehicle fuel. Nitrogen compounds are used in explosives due to high energy/power densities and Im not sure how big a potential problem this is, perhaps on the same order as H2 without the storage problems. People developing rockets face the same problems as, more so, trying to get the most useful energy out of a fuel with the least amount of mass. Noncarbon fuel alternatives at this juncture are in electric storage (batteries, ultracapacitors,?), mechanical storage in things like flywheels, and various fuel cells. Probably others that list members may know about. One more possibility to look at and N2 is available everywhere, ~800,000 ppm in the atmosphere versus ~350 ppm for CO2 used in biofuels. There are other nitrogen fuels besides hydrazine that may also be potential candidates. Heres a link to rocket fuels And about hydrazine http://www.astronautix.com/props/hydazine.htm Fuel: Hydrazine. Fuel Density: 1.01 g/cc. Fuel Freezing Point: 2.00 deg C. Fuel Boiling Point: 113.00 deg C. Hydrazine (N2H4) found early use as a fuel, but it was quickly replaced by UDMH. It is still used as a monopropellant for satellite station-keeping motors. Hydrazine marketed for rocket propellant contains a minimum of 97 per cent N2H4, the other constituent being primarily water. Hydrazine is a clear, water-white, hygroscopic liquid. The solid is white. Hydrazine a toxic, flammable caustic liquid and a strong reducing agent. Its odour is similar that of ammonia, though less strong. It is slightly soluble in ammonia and methyl-amine. It is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, UDMH, and ethylenediamine. Hydrazine is manufactured by the Raschig process, which involves the oxidation of ammonia to chloramine, either indirectly with aqueous sodium hypochlorite or directly with chlorine, and subsequent reaction of chloramine with excess ammonia. Raw materials include caustic, ammonia, and chlorine; these are high-tonnage, heavy chemicals. The cost of anhydrous hydrazine in drum quantities in 1959 was $ 7.00 per kg. The projected price, based on large-scale commercial production, was expected to be $ 1.00 per kg. Due to environmental regulations, by 1990 NASA was paying $ 17.00 per kg. Best regards, Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Finance: Get your refund fast by filing online. http://taxes.yahoo.com/filing.html Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Global Warming Alarmists Are the Ones Filled with Hot Air
Another journalistic point of view? http://www.opinioneditorials.com/contributors/rummo_20040128.html January 28, 2004 Global Warming Alarmists Are the Ones Filled with Hot Air Gregory Rummo The frigid temperatures that continue throughout the Northeast and the ice storms that pushed into the Deep South earlier this week causing mayhem and death on the interstates failed to faze the global warming alarmists, some of which came out of hibernation to write letters to the editor at several newspapers where my column on the topic ran a few weeks ago. One letter writer actually wrote that the colder than usual weather was further evidence of global warming. While my previous column was not meant to be a serious thesis on the topic of global warming, this one is. What we know is that the earths average temperature has warmed by about 1 degree Fahrenheit over the last century. The National Academy of Sciences reports on their website: This warming has been particularly strong during the last 20 years, and has been accompanied by retreating glaciers, thinning arctic ice, rising sea levels, lengthening of growing seasons for some, and earlier arrival of migratory birds. In addition, several other data support that conclusion. If you stopped reading thereas most of the knee-jerk, junk scientists doyoud be terribly misled. NASA has been monitoring the temperature of the lower layers of the atmosphere since 1979. Since this encompasses the same last 20 years of the National Academy of Sciences report of a particularly strong warming trend, certainly balloon measurements in the atmosphere should support this postulate. What the data shows is not warming but cooling: The lower [troposphere] data are often cited as evidence against global warming, because they have as yet failed to show any warming trend when averaged over the entire Earth. The lower stratospheric data show a significant cooling trend In addition to the recent cooling, large temporary warming perturbations may be seen in the data due to two major volcanic eruptions: El Chichon in March 1982, and Mt. Pinatubo in June 1991. This finding is in keeping with those of Dr. S. Fred Singer, president of the Science and Environmental Policy Project, who points out, a study of carbon dioxide and temperatures over the last 11,000 years that was analyzed in both Science and Nature in 1999 found that the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere tends to follow not precede a rise in temperature. The bulk of the temperature rise in the 20th century took place before 1940 while most of the carbon dioxide emissions took place after 1940 and coincided with a slight cooling between 1940 and 1975. Richard S. Lindzen, the Alfred P. Sloan Professor of meteorology at MIT, in his testimony before a Senate committee in 2002 agreed, stating, past climate changes were either uncorrelated with changes in carbon dioxide or were characterized by temperature changes which preceded changes in carbon dioxide [levels] by hundreds or thousands of years. So what has caused the warming over the last century and other warming-related phenomenon such as the shrinking polar ice caps? To many scientists, its rather obvious. In December 2001, a story appeared on ABC News.com. Entitled Red Planet Warming, it reported that high resolution images taken by NASAs Mars Global Surveyor showed that the levels of frozen water and carbon dioxide in Marss polar ice caps dwindled dramaticallyby more than 10 feet over a single Martian year (equivalent to about two earth years). Since there arent any people on Mars, its difficult to pin the blame for Marss warming on human activity relating to the combustion of fossil fuels. The culprit is solar warminga periodic increase in the suns output of energy. That would explain why the surface of our planet has grown warmer. And theres nothing we can do about it. Two years ago, Science published a study based on tree ring analysis that demonstrated similarities between increases in global temperature the last century and the Medieval Warm Perioda period lasting from 1330 AD to 1600 AD in which similar increases in temperature occurred. For those of you who are world-history challenged, that was before the invention of the internal combustion engine and the SUV. Commenting on the study, Edward Cook of the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory said, We don't use this as a refutation of greenhouse warming, but it does show that there are processes within the Earth's natural climate system that produce large changes that might be viewed as comparable to what we have seen in the 20th century. In other words, the global warming alarmistsnot this journalistare the ones filled with hot air. ### Gregory J. Rummo is a syndicated columnist and the author of The View from the Grass Roots, published by American Book in July 2002. Visit his website where you can read his recent columns at www.GregRummo.com.
[biofuel] Breakthrough Purports Answer to Global Warming
Apologies if this has already been posted. http://www.solaraccess.com/news/story?storyid=6001 Breakthrough Purports Answer to Global Warming Auckland, New Zealand, February 2, 2004 [SolarAccess.com] The technological breakthrough which the world scientific and health communities have been desperately seeking to solve the problem of green house gases and global warming may be one step closer thanks to Dr. Robert R. Holcomb, M.D., Ph.D., an assistant professor at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. Holcomb unveiled a breakthrough process before an audience of New Zealand government, business and environmental leaders in the New Zealand city. Dr. Holcomb announced for the first time a revolutionary new technology, Electron Stream Carbon Dioxide Reduction (ESCO2R) commonly called the Carbon Dioxide Converter that goes to the heart of the current environmental problem. The scientific community has been focusing its attention on chemistry-based solutions to the overwhelming problem of global warming and hazardous carbon dioxide emissions, said Dr. Holcomb. The unique technology of the Carbon Dioxide Converter permanently splits the molecular structure of carbon dioxide into its basic elements - carbon and oxygen. This converter functions in a similar way for other toxic greenhouse gases such as sulfur dioxide, the major cause of acid rain. This proprietary technology uses a patented and patent pending closed loop system that burns any fossil or carbon based fuel with zero harmful emissions. These fuels include coal, oil, gas, and any biomass including waste and landfills. A significant byproduct of this process is carbon black, which is used in the production of tires, printing ink, and as a pigment for plastics. Joining Dr. Holcomb was John Small, Ph.D., Head of the Economics Department of Auckland University, who presented the findings of his independent study on the economic impact of Dr. Holcomb's discovery for New Zealand and the world. Dr. Small estimates that the global economic benefit arising from using the technology for coal-fired electricity generation at between US$134 and 347 billion, with mid-range deployment assumptions implying a benefit of US$223 billion. The economic implications of Dr. Holcomb's breakthrough are profound for the New Zealand and world environment, health and economy, said Dr. Small. The efficacy of the ESCO2R process has been independently reviewed and verified by the renowned global engineering firm of Black Veatch Corporation. The Black Veatch report, also released today, found the demonstrations observed provided convincing data that indicated carbon dioxide generated during the combustion of the coal was converted back into carbon and oxygen by the CO2 Converter. This was clearly indicated by calibrated, reliable gas analysis equipment. Holcomb Scientific, of New Zealand and Holcomb Scientific Creations, of the United States of America, are research and development organizations, which foster reliable and cost effective strategies for the global energy supply and environmental quality. Dr. Holcomb intends to further his research in New Zealand and in the US to commercialize this technology. Dr. Holcomb has served for more than the past decade on the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine on faculty in the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, in Nashville, Tennessee. He has developed a wide range of environmentally friendly products, processes, and devices, including a wood treatment to prevent insect infestation, add fire retardancy and increase wood strength. He is also responsible for creating a coal treatment to significantly reduce environmental pollutant emissions, fuel enhancement products for greater efficiency and reduced emissions, and water filtration devices. ESCO2R is designed to work in conjunction with the coal treatment and fuel enhancement products. Dr. Holcomb lectures around the globe on his medical and non-medical technology breakthroughs. He has published abstracts and articles in medical and scientific journals around the world, including in publications such as The Journal of Clinical Rheumatology, Pediatric Neurology, Environmental Medicine, and Bioelectromagnetics. __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Finance: Get your refund fast by filing online. http://taxes.yahoo.com/filing.html Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at MyInks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/mOAaAA/3exGAA/qnsNAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe,
Re: [biofuel] Solar to Noncarbon Fuels Other Than H2
Hi Murdoch, Greg, and April Hydrazine is a liquid at normal temps (mp 2C, bp 113C) and while no longer used as a rocket booster fuel, it is used for positioning/microcontroller jets. The technology is fairly developed now and could make sense as an earthbound vehicle fuel. Nitrogen compounds are used in explosives due to high energy/power densities and Im not sure how big a potential problem this is, perhaps on the same order as H2 without the storage problems. People developing rockets face the same problems as, more so, trying to get the most useful energy out of a fuel with the least amount of mass. Noncarbon fuel alternatives at this juncture are in electric storage (batteries, ultracapacitors,?), mechanical storage in things like flywheels, and various fuel cells. Probably others that list members may know about. One more possibility to look at and N2 is available everywhere, ~800,000 ppm in the atmosphere versus ~350 ppm for CO2 used in biofuels. There are other nitrogen fuels besides hydrazine that may also be potential candidates. Heres a link to rocket fuels http://www.astronautix.com/props/rocindex.htm And about hydrazine http://www.astronautix.com/props/hydazine.htm Fuel: Hydrazine. Fuel Density: 1.01 g/cc. Fuel Freezing Point: 2.00 deg C. Fuel Boiling Point: 113.00 deg C. Hydrazine (N2H4) found early use as a fuel, but it was quickly replaced by UDMH. It is still used as a monopropellant for satellite station-keeping motors. Hydrazine marketed for rocket propellant contains a minimum of 97 per cent N2H4, the other constituent being primarily water. Hydrazine is a clear, water-white, hygroscopic liquid. The solid is white. Hydrazine a toxic, flammable caustic liquid and a strong reducing agent. Its odour is similar that of ammonia, though less strong. It is slightly soluble in ammonia and methyl-amine. It is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, UDMH, and ethylenediamine. Hydrazine is manufactured by the Raschig process, which involves the oxidation of ammonia to chloramine, either indirectly with aqueous sodium hypochlorite or directly with chlorine, and subsequent reaction of chloramine with excess ammonia. Raw materials include caustic, ammonia, and chlorine; these are high-tonnage, heavy chemicals. The cost of anhydrous hydrazine in drum quantities in 1959 was $ 7.00 per kg. The projected price, based on large-scale commercial production, was expected to be $ 1.00 per kg. Due to environmental regulations, by 1990 NASA was paying $ 17.00 per kg. Best regards, Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Finance: Get your refund fast by filing online. http://taxes.yahoo.com/filing.html Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at MyInks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/mOAaAA/3exGAA/qnsNAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Global Warming
Hi Keith I work out of university Internet café 2 or 3 hours at time, not every day, and just dont have time to reply to all of your many posts. Chaos takes a eureka moment like seeing the first pictures of the entire Earth taken from outer space. The entire domain can be seen without knowing all or even many of the details. Health problems related to fossil fuels is another good reason for renewable energy. Understanding how energy flows through ocean currents adds more details to the map. Kill all the lawyers and then all the scientists. Scientists are cautious about what they report and the conclusions section of peer reviewed papers will have disclaimers suggesting more research. Journalists pick and chose what is reported in the press. Im told by associates that you can only get one crop per year from dry paddy and two from wet paddy. They also raise fish in the paddies that keep pests down, minimizes the need for fertilizer, and additional income. No need to reply to my posts and are only offered as food for thought, something for the archives. Best regards, Ken --- Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello Ken Hi Bob I agree with your analysis. Additional energy is being added to the atmosphere immediately by heat released from burning and perhaps by greenhouse effects in the future. H2O is a more effective greenhouse gas than CO2 and is rarely mentioned. I read an article by German researchers claiming CH4 from wet paddy rice production is second only to CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels in global warming. I guess they were recommending dry paddy methods, which would significantly reduce yield. It seems you don't respond to whatever/whoever disagrees with you (not only me) - eg: Hi Keith A long reply that could take some time to answer thoughtfully. So I get a rather thoughtless one that's not a reply at all, you just ignored what I wrote. That's no discussion, so I'll do the same. And I don't need a lesson in chaos theory thanks. I didn't say so but I was among those who were unimpressed by the Harvard ref you provided earlier. I will argue with your statement that dry paddy methods would significantly reduce rice yield. In fact such methods have boosted yields enormously in many countries, including Indonesia, and of course saved large amounts of water, without using chemical fertilizers or pesticides. It's all been well reported, including by the news media. http://ciifad.cornell.edu/sri/ SRI Homepage/System of Rice Intensification SRI FAQ - Questions And Answers About The System Of Rice Intensification (SRI) For Raising The Productivity Of Land, Labor And Water http://ciifad.cornell.edu/sri/qanda.pdf -- Norman Uphoff, Director, Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development Itç a never ending argument. Renewable energy is desirable for many reasons and I think itç counter productive to base everything on an indefensible global warming doomsday scenario. :-) regards Keith Other slogans like: snip __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Finance: Get your refund fast by filing online. http://taxes.yahoo.com/filing.html Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at MyInks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/mOAaAA/3exGAA/qnsNAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] State owned biofuel companies
Hi Murdoch Developing States tend to own the major resources in their countries and do divest at times from pressure from the IMF and World Bank. I prefer capitalism and private ownership is more efficient, assuming competition, with less corruption and State funds winding up in individual pockets. One advantage of State ownership is that things can happen quickly and in a big way without long drawn out funding requirements and court intervention from lawsuits filed by opponents (the State controls the courts). States can put biofuel product in market, which is a good thing, while corruption remains a problem. Best regards, Ken --- murdoch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I agree with your raising of the question-issue as an interesting one. In theory I am against any Government ownership of any enterprises, but rather I think it's their job to set standards and laws so that enterprises can function and trade fairly. In reality, countries without this polital philosophy approach may benefit (I don't know) from a Government involvement in Biofuel Enterprises. I doubt it, but I'm trying to keep some open mind to your question. __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Finance: Get your refund fast by filing online. http://taxes.yahoo.com/filing.html Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Solar to Noncarbon Fuels Other Than H2
Does anyone have thoughts about noncarbon fuels other than H2. There are many rocket fuels based on nitrogen and hydrazine comes to mind. Heres a mass balance N2H4 + O2 = N2 + 2H2O Im sure there are others as well. Best regards, Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Finance: Get your refund fast by filing online. http://taxes.yahoo.com/filing.html Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Global Warming
Hi Bob I agree with your analysis. Additional energy is being added to the atmosphere immediately by heat released from burning and perhaps by greenhouse effects in the future. H2O is a more effective greenhouse gas than CO2 and is rarely mentioned. I read an article by German researchers claiming CH4 from wet paddy rice production is second only to CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels in global warming. I guess they were recommending dry paddy methods, which would significantly reduce yield. Its a never ending argument. Renewable energy is desirable for many reasons and I think its counter productive to base everything on an indefensible global warming doomsday scenario. Other slogans like: No more Iraqs, renewable energy now Stop funding terrorists, support (country of your choice) renewable energy projects. Save jobs, buy (country of your choice) made safe clean renewable energy Most people can relate to this and is defensible without violating any valid theorems or theories that Im aware of. Maybe a seductive woman draped over a solar panel panting Im electrified by men with solar energy would boost sales. There have been so many doomsday forecasts in my lifetime that Im amassed Homo sapiens still exist and havent gone the way of dinosaurs. Werent there movies recently about end-of-life-events due to asteroids colliding with the Earth? How about nuclear winter, a way to bring the temp down perhaps when all the global warming catastrophes start happening? Best regards, Ken Repent, the Day of Judgment is at hand. --- bob allen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: How about we refer to this subject as the risk of global climate change . This blunts the arguments of many of the naysayers. The physical principles which drive changes in the net energy in the atmosphere are clear and simple. The results of the added energy to the global climate systems are not. What is clear is the anthropogenic impacts are likely to destabilize the climate in a number of ways , some obvious and intuitive, other not. Application of chaos theory only adds to the uncertainty. below a couple of tangentially related quotes: wherein it is set forth that the doctrine attributed to Copernicus, that the Earth moves around the Sun and that the Sun is stationary in the center of the world and does not move from east to west, is contrary to the Holy Scriptures and therefore cannot be defended or held. In witness whereof we have written and subscribed these presents with our hand this twenty-sixth day of May, 1616. --Robertro Cardinal Bellarmino There are no...limits to the carrying capacity of the earth that are likely to bind any time in the foreseeable future. There isn't a risk of an apocalypse due to global warming or anything else. The idea that we should put limits on growth because of some natural limit, is a profound error and one that, were it ever to prove influential, would have staggering social costs. --World Bank chief economist, Lawrence H. Summers, Nov., 10, 1991 Bob Allen,http://ozarker.org/bob -- - The modern conservative is engaged in one of Man's oldest exercises in moral philosophy; that is, the search for a superior moral justification for selfishness JKG --- [This E-mail scanned for viruses by Declude Virus] Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links [EMAIL PROTECTED] __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Finance: Get your refund fast by filing online. http://taxes.yahoo.com/filing.html Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at MyInks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/mOAaAA/3exGAA/qnsNAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to:
Re: [biofuel] articles pls...
Hi Ivy IBM has a supercomputer devoted to fuel combustion among other things. There may be info available from one of the researchers in this area. http://www.tc.cornell.edu/news/Releases/1995/ibm.grand.challenge.html IBM Claims It Has Fastest Computer Starts Solving Grand Challenges Improving Fuel Efficiency Stephen Pope, PhD, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (Cornell), found that the SP2 increased by a factor of ten the amount of computation he was able to perform for studies aimed at improving fuel efficiency in gas turbine engines. The increase in computer power will enable his group to go from two dimensional simulations of turbulent combustion to three dimensional studies of practical devices, such as the study of combustion chambers inside of gas turbine engines Good luck on your project Ken --- tactica07 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi..im ivy, a 4th year chemical engineering student, would like to ask for some articles that will be useful for our thesis about the combustion analysis of oil methyl ester.Any reference will do.Your response will be highly appreciated.thanks.[EMAIL PROTECTED] __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Finance: Get your refund fast by filing online. http://taxes.yahoo.com/filing.html Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Global Warming
Hi Keith A long reply that could take some time to answer thoughtfully. In short, Chaos theory in fact provides the opportunity to see the global (meaning domain) behavior of a nonlinear system without being able to know the details. A wonderful theory in fact where hopelessly complex systems have simple analogs, complexity arising out of simplicity and simplicity out of complexity. A very readable book Chaos Making a New Science was written by James Gleick ~ 1987. It presents issues you mention with a lot of attention on biological boom and bust cycles. No equations at all and no need for formal scientific training to gain insight. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0140092501?v=glance http://www.sciencesbookreview.com/Chaos_Making_a_New_Science_0140092501.html Every scientist and engineer, for sure, should be aware of Chaos and everyone can benefit. There have been biofuel investment posts and Mandelbrot wrote an article about the fractal behavior of capital markets for Scientific American awhile back. Yes, the stock market appears to exhibit chaos and there are simple systems that mimic it. Like global warming caused by X amount of CO2 leading a temp increse of Y, no correlations can be made about event A leading to a Dow Jones of B, although many people have tried. Best regards, Ken --- Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi Keith I was afraid this was going to happen! Chaos is not a scientific view rather a proven mathematical (mathematics is stronger than scientific æòheoriesç§ fact about the way nonlinear dynamical systems behave in the real world. Laminar flow to turbulence is a good example. Behavior cannot be predicted no matter how much info is available and the size of the computer. I æàelieveçCO2 leads to global warming, but like any belief, there is no proof that it does. Best regards, Ken Hi Ken I didn't misunderstand you, nor not see your point. I don't think you can extrapolate from the unpredictable real-world behaviour of a nonlinear dynamic system such as climate to the role in global warming of CO2 being unprovable. I'd say there's plenty of proof that CO2 leads to global warming - note leads to, to say it causes global warming would be to ignore the complex interactions at play. Nor does that say what happens after that, whether more global warming or, indeed, chaos, tipping us into something perhaps quite different and probably nastier. I think this is a defeatist view anyway, chaos theory often leads to such a view - we can't learn anything useful about something with so many interacting variables, so let's just forget it. Butterflies flapping their troublesome wings in the Amazon jungle notwithstanding, there's a great deal that can be learned, and bigger computers sure do help. Even with the most complex nonlinear dynamic systems, of which climate is obviously one, much can be learnt about the variables at play and how they interact. That might not lead directly or soon to clearcut predictions such as would satisfy, or rather defeat, the Ostrich school of thought (?), but that's not the only aim. The temptation of this approach is to conclude that with so many factors to be considered, any single factor (such as human effects on atmospheric CO2 levels) is probably insignificant. By the same measure you might say that the more interacting factors there are, the more important each of them may be: the balance of such a complex system depends on all the various factors, and could potentially be upset by knock-on effects started (caused, led to) by seemingly tiny changes in an apparently minor factor. (Hence the butterfly.) After all, the (only?) rule of ecology is that everything is connected to everything else. Similarly, your chaos argument could be used against the study of ecology, which is also being called upon to make predictions, eg the recent revelations of the unexpectedly high number of species which will probably face extinction due to global warming. Anyway, when the balance of complex systems is being considered, it may not make such sense to think of single causes or even major causes, just causes, and few of the scientists involved are any longer in doubt that human-caused CO2 emissions are indeed a cause. On the other hand, I wrote this here about three years ago: Looking at it another way, even if it turns out that human-caused CO2 emissions have nothing or vanishingly little to do with climate and that there is no global warming, that it's all a myth/mistake/communist propaganda or whatever, moves to cut CO2 emissions are generally beneficial. Replace dinodiesel with biodiesel, for instance, and you're cutting GG emissions, yes, but you're also reducing the cancer risk by more than 90%. Global warming or not, we - the industrialised countries and especially
Re: [biofuel] Global Warming
Hi Keith Just one more reply The results of the added energy to the global climate systems are not. What is clear is the anthropogenic impacts are likely to destabilize the climate in a number of ways , Why do you talk as if it's something that may happen in the future Bob? It's history already. Yes the worlds average temp is currently increasing, but is this increase unusual and due to CO2 emissions, or is it in the realm of historical cycles? About the only way I can think of to make a comparision is first to map the Earth's temp domain with and without additional CO2. If indeed an event happens where the domains do not overlap, some credibility can be given to the argument that the event was due to CO2 emissions. I dont have clue as to go about making these maps, governments have a lot of supercomputers working on climate and perhaps one of their researchers has some ideas. Best regards, Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Finance: Get your refund fast by filing online. http://taxes.yahoo.com/filing.html Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Re: Global Warming
Hi Robert Actually Luis and Walter Alvarez found an iridium spike attributable to exterritorial causes that happened about the time dinosaurs are thought to have died out. http://town.morrison.co.us/dinosaur/extinction/meteor.html Also Buckyballs http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/template.cfm?name=PermianEvent Best regards, Ken This is interesting. I watched a documentary on this subject some time ago, and soil samples dating from that era collected from various places didn't show the deposition of any extra terrestrial material. The scientists involved in that study (I think it was on the Discovery channel) found evidence of a massive volcanic eruption, which they blamed on Krakatoa. The article you're citing is a summary. I would like to read the actual report. robert luis rabello The Edge of Justice Adventure for Your Mind http://www.1stbooks.com/bookview/9782 [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Finance: Get your refund fast by filing online. http://taxes.yahoo.com/filing.html Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] State owned biofuel companies
I wonder if anyone has objections to State owned biofuel companies? The European Union has a 5% biofuel legislation and it seems to me that countries like Indonesia/Malaysia are in a position to produce 5% biodiesel blends at low relative cost to other producers. State owned oil companies have the wherewithal to make this happen on a large scale and can assure quality with long-term sovereign guarantees. Existing refineries can add FAME to spec and ship in large quantities using current logistics channels. Something like this: 1. Crude - diesel 2. Methane - methanol 3. Fruit palm - 2/3 FAME, 1/3 monoglycerides, carotenes and other isolates. (Maybe something useful can be made from the pulp as well. The Bandung Institute of Technology came up with a method of making textiles from pineapple fibers that could perhaps be applied to fruit palm as well?) 1 and 2 are in place while 3 would take clearing forests (in Indonesia) for fruit palm plantations to supply FAME above current edible oil production for human consumption and to meet existing contracts. The timber will wind up in China and wont be burned. Do environmentalists object to forest-to-plantation conversion? This isnt being talked about around here as far as I know, but it could happen in the not too distant future. Ethanol (from rice straw?)/gasoline mixes may also work Is anyone vehemently opposed to this and why? Best regards, Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free web site building tool. Try it! http://webhosting.yahoo.com/ps/sb/ Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at MyInks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/mOAaAA/3exGAA/qnsNAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Global Warming
Global Warming I dont intend to be a heretic and only want to mention that the Earths climate follows a strange attractor and there are mathematical reasons, verified by experiment, why its not possible to know what will happen to global temperature with the addition of CO2. The temp may go up, go down, or remain about the same. Heres a readable introduction to the subject from Harvard Science Review Chaos All Around http://hcs.harvard.edu/~hsr/pdfswinter2003/young29-32.pdf Best regards, Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free web site building tool. Try it! http://webhosting.yahoo.com/ps/sb/ Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at MyInks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/mOAaAA/3exGAA/qnsNAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Global Warming
Hi Keith I was afraid this was going to happen! Chaos is not a scientific view rather a proven mathematical (mathematics is stronger than scientific theories) fact about the way nonlinear dynamical systems behave in the real world. Laminar flow to turbulence is a good example. Behavior cannot be predicted no matter how much info is available and the size of the computer. I believe CO2 leads to global warming, but like any belief, there is no proof that it does. Best regards, Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free web site building tool. Try it! http://webhosting.yahoo.com/ps/sb/ Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] gas Saving Device
Hi Albert You can try the US Embassy in HK if there still is one there. A friend in Indonesia got a bad check from an American for teak furniture that he took with him. I told her to try the US Embassy in Jakarta and believe it or not, they put pressure on the jerk and she got her money!! Good luck Ken has a oil co and retained us to do consulting work to make a long story short , it has promised us some shares of the project and also some fee every month , and all went well ... but then they denied to pay us after they failed to find other venture partners and drag their feet for 2 years on us until the bill added up to almost $500,000 !!!and we could not do anything about it !! __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free web site building tool. Try it! http://webhosting.yahoo.com/ps/sb/ Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at MyInks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/mOAaAA/3exGAA/qnsNAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] About Bamboo
Hi Kieth Here's something for the bamboo archivges Ken http://www.tcpalm.com/tcp/home_and_garden/article/0,1651,TCP_1039_2558657,00.html Bamboozled By Pat Rubin Scripps Howard News Service January 11, 2004 Bill Sleuter has been making forays into his neighbor's garden, not to pick tomatoes or squash but to remove wayward bamboo shoots. His hedge of golden bamboo and black bamboo has broken free of its barriers and is silently sending underground runners in search of new land. Sleuter thought he had the situation under control when he landscaped some 20 years ago. Knowing bamboo's aggressive reputation, the Davis, Calif., homeowner sank 3-foot-tall culverts of concrete and corrugated metal about 18 inches into the ground to prevent the underground stems from spreading. But about 10 years ago the bamboo began to grow over the barriers. I didn't think they would ever escape, he says. Such experiences make gardeners shudder at the thought of letting such a rampant thug loose in the garden. But there is a bamboo that behaves among shrubs and perennials and won't bother the neighbors. Unlike running bamboo that can send rhizomes as far away as 20 feet, clumping bamboo stays where you put it. It increases gradually at its perimeter in a generally symmetrical fashion, says Ted Jordan Meredith, author of Bamboo for Gardens (Timber Press, $39.95). Clumping bamboos range in size from a few feet to more than 60 feet tall. The stems, or culms, may be pencil-thin or a massive 8 inches in diameter. Some are brightly colored or striped yellow and green. The leaves of some varieties are narrow while others are large and lush. Some types grow stiffly upright while others arch or weep gracefully. Gardeners should have no problems deciding where to put them. If you have room in your garden for a hydrangea, ornamental grasses or a specimen tree, then you'll easily be able to slip in a clumping bamboo. Clumping bamboos available to home gardeners fall under five genuses: Bambusa, Fargesia, Otatea, Himalayacalamus and Chusquea. While many come from tropical or subtropical latitudes, these bamboos grow well here with ample, regular water, says Darrel De- Boer, president of the Northern California Chapter of the American Bamboo Society. Bambusa The genus Bambusa contains about 140 species. They like lots of sun and warmth, says Jesus Mora of Bamboo Sourcery, a bamboo nursery in Sebastopol, Calif. Shoots come up year-round, but mainly in late summer and fall, and many can take full sun. Somewhat cold sensitive, most tolerate temperatures as low as 26 degrees, although some can take much lower temperatures. The most common varieties are Oldham bamboo (B. oldhamii), Buddha's Belly (B. tuldoides ventricosa Buddha's Belly), common bamboo (B. vulgaris) and B. multiplex varieties. Don Shor of Redwood Barn Nursery in Davis, Calif., calls the genus Bambusa the most useful and absolutely reliable. His best-selling variety is B. multiplex Alphonse Karr with its bright yellow and green striped culms. It's very manageable in the garden, Shor says. It fits in a narrow area with its upright stems. Alphonse Karr grows as high as 35 feet, but its culms are only about 1-1/2 inches in diameter. It is hardy to 12 degrees. Other B. multiplex varieties, such as Golden Goddess and Fernleaf, can be used as hedges. They give the garden an Asian look without taking up a lot of room, Shor says. When people want a big bamboo, Shor steers them toward Buddha's Belly and Oldham Bamboo. B. tuldoides ventricosa Buddha's Belly gets its name from its unusually swollen nodes. The condition is a response to stress, such as drought. Shor's 15-year-old clump is 20 feet tall and 8 feet across. It arches dramatically and takes up no more space than a large shrub or tree. Perhaps the most dramatic Bambusa is B. oldhamii with its fat shoots pushing up as high as 60 feet. A 50-year-old clump of Oldham bamboo in La Jolla, Calif., is 8 feet across and 35 feet tall. FARGESIA Mora says the genus Fargesia is very hardy. They are mainly small to medium-size bamboos, he said, from western and southwest China. It is a genus in flux. Meredith says Fargesia was once thought to be a small genus, but it now contains about 80 species. The two most commonly available, F. nitia and F. murieliae, can take temperatures down to minus 20 degrees. They don't like dry, sunny conditions, so plant them under trees or near shrubs, Mora says. F. nitida culms have a bluish blush when immature, then mature to dark green, sometimes with a reddish tinge. Leaves are small and delicate. The clump grows stiffly upright and sends new shoots throughout the summer and into early fall. F. murieliae is called umbrella bamboo because the upper portion of the culms arch in a manner reminiscent of an umbrella's shape, Meredith says. Calling it a choice ornamental, he recommends giving it room to show off its arching shape. OTATEA Two species comprise the
[biofuel] Bamboo farms could help soak up urban pollution
Bamboo is an interesting crop with many uses. Grow your own home, therapeutic bamboo salts from Korea, the worlds fastest growing plant (?), etc. It looks like they're going to grow it in Chicago of all places! Ken http://www.suntimes.com/output/news/cst-nws-bamboo26.html Bamboo farms could help soak up urban pollution January 26, 2004 BY GARY WISBY Environment Reporter Advertisement A novel plan to grow bamboo on polluted lots in Chicago known as brownfields is a winner in a new sustainable design competition. This beats the usual dig and haul method that deposits the contaminated soil in a landfill. Instead, the bamboo absorbs pollutants and converts them into nutrients. Urban Bamboo Farms is the idea of three master's degree candidates in urban planning at the University of Illinois at Chicago -- Daniel Butt, Kevin Anderson and Abraham Madrigal. Their brainchild was one of three prize winners at last week's Chicago Sustainable Design Initiative. It also was the audience choice of 250 local designers, architects, policy makers and nonprofit leaders. Butt and Madrigal visited city-sponsored affordable green homes and discovered they featured bamboo flooring. It's the equivalent of expensive oak. The trio's research found two kinds of bamboo plants, Moso and Madake, that can survive 15-below-zero winters. Seeds and small plants are available from growers in Ohio and on the West Coast. We can use the seed from our initial crop to increase the supply and achieve economies of scale, Butt said. Up to 8 feet tall and green, bamboo farms could change the look of Chicago's vacant lots. Planted in between houses, it would serve as a windbreak, reducing energy costs, Butt said. It's like planting trees around a home. Local low-income people could be hired to plant and maintain the crop. More jobs would be created by factories that would produce flooring, furniture, musical instruments -- anything ordinarily made of wood. Used as a renewable building material for centuries in Asia, some types of bamboo have a greater tensile strength than steel. Bamboo reaches maturity in three to five years, compared with the 30 to 50 years needed by hardwoods. The plant reduces runoff rates and pollutants in the water table, and is a better carbon sink than most trees. So it helps improve air and water quality. It also saves deforestation in other parts of the world and emissions from transporting wood to Chicago, Butt said. __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free web site building tool. Try it! http://webhosting.yahoo.com/ps/sb/ Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at MyInks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/mOAaAA/3exGAA/qnsNAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] About Bamboo
Heres some more about bamboo from an advocacy group. The important aspects as far as fuel is concerned is that it is a grass and doesnt have to be replanted after harvesting and it grows very fast, ready for cutting after 3-to-5 years. A traditional preservative method is to put in a river or lake for a month or two where microorganisms eat the edibles, starch, protein, and the land pests leave it alone afterwards. A friend here told me his father built a bamboo home more than forty years ago and its still like brand new after this water treatment. Best regards, Ken http://www.bambootechnologies.com/allabout.htm Bamboo is versatile with a short growth cycle. It can be harvested in 3-5 years versus 10-50 years for most softwoods and hardwoods. Bamboo is the fastest growing plant on this planet. It grows one third faster than the fastest growing tree. Some species grow as much as four feet a day. Thanks to its rapid growth, the yield (weight per acreage and year) is up to 25 times higher than that of timber. Bamboo can be harvested and replenished with virtually no impact to the environment. It can be selectively harvested annually and is capable of complete regeneration without need to replant. There is a 3-5 year return on investment for a new bamboo plantation versus 8-10 years for rattan, and even longer for other timber sources. Bamboo is a viable replacement for wood. It is one of the strongest building materials, with a tensile strength that rivals steel and weight-to-strength ratio surpassing that of graphite. It withstands up to 52,000 pounds of pressure psi. With a 10-30% annual increase in biomass versus 2-5% for trees, bamboo creates greater yields of raw material for use. One bamboo clump can produce 200 poles in the five years it takes one tree to reach maturity. Bamboo is a critical element in the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. It helps reduce the carbon dioxide gases blamed for global warming. Some bamboo even sequesters up to 12 tons of carbon dioxide from the air per hectare, which makes it an extremely efficient replenisher of fresh air. It is the fastest growing canopy for the regreening of degraded areas and generates up to 35% more oxygen than equivalent stand of trees. Bamboo is a renewable resource for agroforestry production. It is used to produce flooring, wall paneling, pulp for paper, fencing, briquettes for fuel, raw material for housing, and more. In the tropics it is possible to grow your own home. In Costa Rica, 1000 houses of bamboo are built annually with material coming only from a 60 hectare (150 acres) bamboo plantation. Bamboo is a natural control barrier. Because of its wide spread root system and large canopy, bamboo greatly reduces rain run off, prevents massive soil erosion and keeps twice as much water in the watershed. Bamboo also helps mitigate water pollution due to its high nitrogen consumption, making it the perfect solution for excess nutrient uptake of waste water from manufacturing, intensive livestock farming, and sewage treatment facilities. Bamboo is a pioneering plant and can be grown is soil damaged by overgrazing and poor agriculture techniques. Unlike most trees proper harvesting does not kill the bamboo plant so topsoil is held in place. Additionally, because of its dense litter on the forest floor it actually feed the topsoil over time. This will provide healthy agricultural lands for other crops for generations to come. Current research points to bamboos potential in a number of medical uses. Secretion from bamboo is used internally to treat asthma, coughs, and can be used as an aphrodisiac. Ingredients from the root help treat kidney disease. Roots and leaves have also been used to treat venereal disease and cancer. Sap is said to reduce fever, and ash will cure prickly heat. __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free web site building tool. Try it! http://webhosting.yahoo.com/ps/sb/ Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at MyInks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/mOAaAA/3exGAA/qnsNAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] Re: Coconut and Palm Kernel Oil STD antagonists.
Hi Enrico Thanks for the info. Ive been looking for other useful things that can be made from WVO and came across the articles mentioned. Ive seen some advertisements from people selling VCO claiming anti-bacterial/viral activity due to lauric acid and am curious about this. VCO is a triglyceride where the lauric is attached to glycerol and is not in free form. A figure in one of the articles cited shows a bacterial cell before and after treatment with capric acid/monocaprin and the claim is that the these compounds disrupt the mitochondria inside the cell. My guess is that the smaller free molecules have a better chance of crossing the cell membrane than the bulky triglyceride? Can you clarify this point i.e. does the fatty acid have to be separated from glycerol before it is effective? Thanks again and best regards, Ken --- blexdt [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Lauric acid in unrefined coconut oil (virgin)is also a powerful agent against STDs. VCO contains 47-50% lauric acid and is under research right now for cure of AIDS. regards, Enrico --- In biofuels-biz@yahoogroups.com, Ken Gotberg [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Capric acid (C10:0) and monocaprin (capric monoglyceride) have been found to be sexually transmitted diseases antagonists. Coconut oil 4.5-to-9.7 % capric Palm kernel oil 3.0-to-7.0% capric Seminal papers: In Vitro Susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides http://aac.asm.org/cgi/content/full/43/11/2790 In Vitro Killing of Candida albicans by Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides http://aac.asm.org/cgi/content/full/45/11/3209 Best regards, Ken PS Sanrego is an Indonesian herbal Viagra that can be used to further scientific research in this exciting area. __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Hotjobs: Enter the Signing Bonus Sweepstakes http://hotjobs.sweepstakes.yahoo.com/signingbonus __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free web site building tool. Try it! http://webhosting.yahoo.com/ps/sb/ Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuels-biz/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] What are you playing at the pump for dino?
Diesel pump price in Indonesia is Rp. 1,600/liter i.e US$0.19/liter = US$0.72/US fluid gallon. __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Hotjobs: Enter the Signing Bonus Sweepstakes http://hotjobs.sweepstakes.yahoo.com/signingbonus Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuels-biz/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] A Better Way to Get From Here to There: A Commentary on the Hydrogen Economy
An interesting report although somewhat wrong in my opinion. Do the authors have an axe to grind, part of the lunatic fringe, or a special interest group paid by someone to promote one version of the truth? Do these authors have any certifiable knowledge or experience in the area of hydrogen fuels (or any fuels for that matter), agriculture, or the energy supply chain (any supply chain would do)? Because hydrogen always comes attached to another element, it often takes more energy to make and deliver hydrogen than is contained in the hydrogen itself, said Morris, Its true that H2 doesnt exist on Earth except on its way to outer space after escaping from a hydrogen production facility. Burning hydrocarbons also involves oxidizing hydrogen to water as is the case in a hydrogen fuel cell and I dont understand the argument presented. No element contains any useful chemical energy per se and its the differences in energy between chemical systems/states that is exploited by heat engines/batteries/fuel cells. The author doesnt seem to understand the subject for which he is advising presidents. Its a scary world out there. Morris' report recommends a three-pronged strategy. First, dramatically accelerate the use of hybrid vehicles. Given their 30-50 percent improvement in energy efficiency this action alone could cut oil imports into the United States by half. Ok hybrid cars save energy mostly by not requiring 200 hp internal combustion engines that only need to average 20 hp during typical driving. The 200 hp is for acceleration and big engines waste fuel while idling and being used at low power. There have been engines designed by Detroit with variable cylinders in use depending on need, but they didnt sell very well as I recall. Second, increase the electric-only driving capacity of the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) by expanding its battery system and including a plug-in capability. This could reduce engine fuel consumption by 85 percent or more and allow the vehicle to operate primarily on electricity from the grid system. The problem with plugging into the grid is that the grid needs excess capacity to charge up all those vehicles. Energy is conserved and must come from somewhere and I expect imported oil. There is no net some gain plugging into the grid except that power companies produce power more efficiently than internal combustion engines. Include new power plant costs into the equation and it could take quite a bit of time to break even with an all eclectic vehicle economy. The electricity needed by plug-in HEVs could come from rapidly increasing the output of renewable energy sources such as wind-generated electricity. Morris noted that wind-generated electricity is already competitive or nearly competitive with fossil fuel generated electricity. Wind-generated hydrogen, on the other hand, is two to three times more expensive than fossil fuel-generated hydrogen. I wonder how many wind turbines it would take to replace fossil fuels used by vehicles? Are there enough windy places near the power grid to do this? How about all the dead birds and change in weather, would it be global warming or cooling taking so much energy out of the Earths atmosphere. I believe a problem with these types of articles is a total lack of quantitative analysis on the part of the authors. Just some biodiesel and wind will solve the energy crisis not! Third, use ethanol made from sugars as a primary fuel rather than, as now, a 6-10 percent gasoline additive. In the United States these sugars come from corn. In Brazil they come from sugar cane, in Europe from wheat. Commercial operations to use the sugars extracted from the far more abundant cellulosic resources, like grasses, corn stalks, wheat straw and urban organic wastes, are beginning to come on-line. A sugar economy makes more sense than a hydrogen economy, said Morris. Ethanol is less expensive to produce than hydrogen, it is more environmentally friendly than hydrogen produced from nonrenewable resources, and ethanol production could bring major economic benefits to Minnesota's rural areas. Its a question of food to fuel and is this the best way to go? I read an NREL report awhile back that claims syngas is the most efficient and competitive alternative. Maybe so because the entire biomas can be used and there is no intermediary fermentation step. BTW the US$1 million per vehicle and a $600,000 per fuel station cost is absurd even for the military. Best regards, Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Hotjobs: Enter the Signing Bonus Sweepstakes http://hotjobs.sweepstakes.yahoo.com/signingbonus Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to
[biofuels-biz] Coconut and Palm Kernel Oil STD antagonists.
Capric acid (C10:0) and monocaprin (capric monoglyceride) have been found to be sexually transmitted diseases antagonists. Coconut oil 4.5-to-9.7 % capric Palm kernel oil 3.0-to-7.0% capric Seminal papers: In Vitro Susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides http://aac.asm.org/cgi/content/full/43/11/2790 In Vitro Killing of Candida albicans by Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides http://aac.asm.org/cgi/content/full/45/11/3209 Best regards, Ken PS Sanrego is an Indonesian herbal Viagra that can be used to further scientific research in this exciting area. __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Hotjobs: Enter the Signing Bonus Sweepstakes http://hotjobs.sweepstakes.yahoo.com/signingbonus Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at MyInks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/mOAaAA/3exGAA/qnsNAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuels-biz/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] Biodiesel fuel could free Jakarta from pollution
Biodiesel fuel could free Jakarta from pollution Friday, January 09, 2004 Abdul Khalik, The Jakarta Post, Jakarta To reduce air pollution due to emissions from public buses and trucks that run on diesel fuel, the Jakarta administration plans to develop biodiesel fuel as an alternative to the fossil fuel burned in the diesel-fueled engines. We have signed a memorandum of understanding with the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) to develop biodiesel for use in Jakarta, said head of the Jakarta Environmental Management Agency (BPLHD), Kosasih Wirahadikusumah, on Thursday on the sidelines of a biodiesel seminar. We also plan to cooperate with Riau provincial administration as it has a biodiesel plant. We will ask Riau to provide the fuel for Jakarta. According to the official web site www.biodiesel.com, biodiesel is biodegradable, nontoxic and essentially free of sulfur and aromatics. It is a renewable resource, based on soybean and other oil crops that are grown each year. We can find over 50 kinds of plants for biodiesel raw materials here in Indonesia. There is the potential to develop a commercial industry in this country, said one of the speakers, Tatang H. Soerawidjaja of the Indonesian Biodiesel Forum (FBI). He said that biodiesel fuel produced almost no sulfur, only 15 parts per million (ppm), in its emission and had more lubricant while the best fossil fuel Indonesia produced 500 ppm and the worst could even put out 3,000 ppm. The world emission standard, Euro II, rules that vehicular emissions should be below 350 ppm, said Tatang. Another advantage is that biodiesel is compatible with the fossil diesel fuel and both can be mixed to lower the toxic exhaust emissions so there is no need to change the engine specifications. Tatang said it was not complicated to set up a biodiesel fuel factory and only required modest funds. This factory can be handled by local technicians and will absorb a huge amount of manpower, he said. Another speaker, Soni Solistia Wirawan of BPPT, said there were three schemes in using biodiesel as an alternative fuel. We can use 100 percent biodiesel as fuel, blend 5 percent to 30 percent biodiesel with fossil fuel, and use biodiesel as an additive, he said. BPLHD and PT Energy Alternatif Indonesia, a biodiesel supplier, made a joint experiment on 10 public buses in the capital. The result confirms that blending biodiesel with diesel fuel increases the bus engine performance and at the same time reduces toxic exhaust emissions. We blended only 5 percent to 10 percent of biodiesel to the 10 buses for normal operation. We found that the blend reduces the emission opacity level by 60 percent, noise level by 5 percent to 6 percent and makes the bus more economical, said another speaker Bambang Tribudiman of PT energy Alternatif Indonesia. In the future, Jakarta will have a bigger pilot project for public buses to blend biodiesel with diesel fuel on a daily basis, Kosasih said. However, there are several obstacles to commercialize biodiesel because its raw materials are more costly than fossil diesel fuel. The biodiesel costs up to Rp 5,000 (59 U.S. cents) per liter, depending on the raw materials used, higher than the subsidized diesel fuel price which is Rp 1,650. In Germany, biodiesel is only Rp 6,000 per liter compared to fossil diesel fuel which is Rp 8,000 per liter. They subsidize biodiesel instead, said Tatang. The government must support the biodiesel project. Nothing has been done so far due to the strong lobbying from the oil and gas industry and many still question the benefit and feasibility of biodiesel. FBI will keep on trying to promote it, he added. __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Hotjobs: Enter the Signing Bonus Sweepstakes http://hotjobs.sweepstakes.yahoo.com/signingbonus Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuels-biz/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] Local farmers told to use natural pesticides
This may be a bit off topic, but interesting nonetheless to me. There are ways to put an electric charge on droplets allowing more effective use of sprays because they stick to the plant rather than falling on the ground. This requires a spray distance of less than one meter making it difficult to go this way with crop dusters on rugged land etc. Japan was experimenting with mini remotely operated helicopters to do this a few years back and I wonder if anyone knows how this worked out. Another third world business opportunity perhaps. Best wishes for the New Year Ken Local farmers told to use natural pesticides Tuesday, September 26, 2000 YOGYAKARTA (JP): The use of chemical pesticides in Indonesian agriculture seems unavoidable as farmers, particularly those living in remote areas, find them cheaper and easier to obtain. But this environmentally unfriendly trend has taken a significant twist since the country was assailed by its multidimensional crisis, which has caused the rupiah to plunge in value against the U.S. dollar. The crisis, which started in mid-1997, has resulted in escalating prices for various goods, including chemical pesticides. Farmers, who previously had never thought of making pesticides on their own, have now started to seriously consider this option as the prices of chemical pesticides are currently up to four times their original prices. Formerly, chemical pesticides were cheaper and easier to obtain and I liked to use them since I found them more practical, explained Ardani, a farmer in Logandeng, Gunungkidul. Pesticide expert Edhi Martono of Yogyakarta's Gadjah Mada University has wasted no time in promoting biological pesticides, the result of a research project he conducted with some agricultural experts from the university. Ironically, he discovered that the crisis has opened a window of opportunity for the development of sustainable agriculture and cultivation systems in the country as many confused farmers have tried to seek alternative pesticides to replace the now unaffordable chemical ones. When we offered them biological pesticide, they seem excited and were willing to give it a try, said Edhi. Then, I start campaigning for biological pesticide, which is an environmentally friendly product. The use of natural pesticide like this is less harmful than the use of chemical pesticides. Besides, farmers can easily produce it on their own and it's cheap. In producing the biological pesticide, he uses various plants, such as papaya (Carica papaya), nimba (Azedarachta indica), mindi (Melia azedarach), the castor oil plant (Riccinus communis), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), garlic (Allium sativum), chilli (Capsicum frutescens) and kecubung (Datura stramonium). Mindi is a big tree with tiny leafs. In Japan, mindi wood is used to make boxes and high quality furniture, while the Javanese uses its leafs as a homeopathic method of curing diseases such as diabetes. Kecubung is a poisonous plant with large trumpet-shaped flowers. A small amount of detergent and gasoline may be added to make the botanical pesticide more effective in killing insects and bugs, he said. A farmer can apply the biological pesticide just like chemical ones, using a sprayer. I used biological pesticide produced from nimba seeds to kill harmful insects, nematodes and fungi in my cabbage field, said Trimo, a farmer living in Klaten, Central Java. In making pesticide from nimba seeds, he blends 500 grams of seeds in 400liters of water. This pesticide is sufficient to spray up to 4,000 square meters of vegetable fields. In order to get rid off grasshoppers, Trimo uses pesticides made from themindi plant. To produce this pesticide, he mixes 0.25 kg of powdered mindi seed with five to seven liters of water and then adds two spoonfull's of detergent and a spoonful of gasoline. Biological pesticide produced from the tobacco plant is extremely effective in killing bugs and harmful organisms in paddy fields. For this kind of pesticide, the farmer needs about 150 to 300 kg of tobacco stalks and then mixes them with limestone powder and water to spray one hectare of rice fields. For Edhi, the crisis is a blessing in disguise allowing him to promote the use of biological pesticides. Two years after the crisis started, such pesticides have aroused great interest among farmers. I realize that not all Indonesian farmers are aware of the effectiveness of biological pesticides yet. But, it does not matter. We will need to undertake a long campaign to popularize it and we don't expect to get quick results in the short-term, Edhi said realistically Based on his observations, he found that farmers had previously been spraying more chemical pesticides than they needed to. They usually raise the dosage of chemical pesticides in order to guarantee a good harvest. They never think of their side-effects and don't know how hazardous these products are, Edhi said. The use of
[biofuel] Young innovators propose new ways to save the earth
Young innovators propose new ways to save the earth Friday, July 25, 2003 The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the University of New South Wales and Bayer sponsored the inaugural week-long Eco-Innovate 03 in Sydney last week to provide a venue for leading, young eco-innovators from the Asia Pacific region to exchange ideas to preserve the world. The Jakarta Post's Riyadi Suparno accepted an invitation from Bayer to attend the forum. Using a plant as a botanical pesticide may sound like a novel idea to most people, but not for Rina Rachmawati, a student at the Bogor Institute of Agriculture. Saddened by the negative impacts of modern farming practices, Rina conducted research to find a botanical pesticide that would not adversely affect the environment. After some laboratory tests, she discovered that a weed, Tembelekan or lantana camera could be used as a botanical pesticide to control potato tuber moth Phtorimae opercullela. My work has been inspired by my grievance over the extensive use of synthetic pesticides, she said on the sidelines of Eco-Innovate 03, a forum for young eco-innovators from the Asia Pacific region to exchange ideas on sustainability issues. Her work The implementation of simple technology in sustainable agriculture was selected as one of the winners for the Eco-Innovate 03, sponsored by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the University of New South Wales and Bayer. Sylviyana Caroline Margaretha from the University of Indonesia got another slot at the Eco Innovate 03 for her work on urban greening to guard against the dangers of pollution and flooding in a big city like Jakarta. Aged between 15 and 23, innovators from Asia Pacific countries including Rina and Sylvia were selected for their outstanding ideas for resolving sustainability issues in their neighborhood and surrounding areas. These young eco-innovators gathered at the University of New South Wales campus in Sydney last week to exchange ideas to promote sustainability issues. They also learned from people in the industrial sector how to develop their innovative ideas into commercial applications. The following is a summary of a selected number of works by these young innovators: * Photocopier of the new era, by Tai Jo Fen of Singapore. Paper usage has been on the rise. However, massive consumption of paper will lead to more trees being cut down, and this could lead to deforestation. There are a lot of solutions to this problem, and Tai Jo Fen offered one of the solutions, that is through her photocopier of the new era. Her idea basically would be to modify photocopier machines so that the photocopier can remove the ink on paper, so that the printed paper can be reused. My concept relies on the photo-conductive property of the drum in the photocopying machines, she said. She is now working with her professors at the National University of Singapore to patent her work. * Butterfly-shaped roof by Sylvia Bay of Singapore Sylvia Bay's idea is the architectural design of a butterfly-shaped roof that allows rainwater to be channeled, collected and reused. As part of her overall design, the water collected can be reused in a reflective pool, as well as more functional uses like flushing toilets and irrigation. I estimate that this butterfly-shaped roof can achieve water savings of up to 30 percent, she said. Her proposal is especially relevant in cities where the collection of rainwater is not optimized in individual buildings. * Biotechnology to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by Lamuel Non of the Philippines Lamuel Non proposes the use algae to convert carbon dioxide produced by industries into sugars and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis. The idea is basically to redirect the carbon dioxide exhaust to algae pools or to compartments with films of algae growth. Through light supplied by light bulbs, photosynthesis takes place among algae utilizing the carbon dioxide from the exhaust and water from the pool to convert them to oxygen and sugars, mainly glucose. Not all carbon dioxide molecules are used up in this setup, so an array of moist films that can hold algae are placed above the pool to convert the remaining carbon dioxide to oxygen and sugar. The cost of installing this technology is compensated for by possible economic benefits such as new jobs and income from selling harvested algae and collected oxygen gas, said Non, a graduate of the Mindanao State University. * Cement from sugar production waste by Bonar Laureto of the Philippines Bonar Laureto put the byproducts of sugar plants to good use by transforming the sugar waste -- filter cake and bagasse ash -- into cement. These two wastes contain complimentary chemicals that can be used as raw material for cement production, he said. Laureto, a graduate of the Central Mindanao University and an awardee of the Worldwide Intellectual Property Organization, then designed a
[biofuels-biz] Bacteria that decompose oil found
This is a bit old, but may be interesting to some Season's Greetings Ken Bacteria that decompose oil found Tuesday, May 09, 2000 BOGOR, West Java (JP): Researchers of the Bogor Institute of Agriculture (IPB) have discovered five species of bacteria that they say are capable ofdecomposing fossil oil. The discovery raises hopes for combating the pollution caused by oilspills. The bacteria consist of five species that the researchers have selected from hundreds of species living in the peatland of Central Kalimantan, an environment they call a black water ecosystem. They identify the five bacteria as Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas diminuta, Bacillus panthotenticus, Bacillus circulans and Klebsiella edwardsii. Reports of the discovery were mentioned in the October 1999 issue of Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan (Journal of Science on Soil and Environment) published by IPB. Dr. Iswandi Anas, head of the Soil Biology Laboratory at the institute, says research has been conducted since 1996, coinciding with the implementation of the one million peat farm project in Central Kalimantan. The research was done out of growing concern for the many cases of environmental pollution caused by oilspills. If crude oil spills out of a tanker, it will invariably pollute the sea and coastline and cause a lot of damage to the environment, he said. He also said that oilspills happen on land as well, due to the leakage ofpipelines, oil storage and accidents involving trucks carrying oil. Crude oil, according to Iswandi Anas, contains a large quantity of phenol. The phenol compound is also found on peatland, especially in the black water ecosystem. The ecosystem's name is derived from the color of water found in the peatland. The ecosystem, he said, is unique. The phenol content is high. The compound is toxic and easily dissolves in water. Organisms usually cannot live in an environment with a high phenol content. But there are organisms which can adapt themselves well and which even use phenol as their main source of energy, said Iswandi. Apart from the high phenol content, he said, the acid level (pH) of the water on the peatland was low, about three. The effect of this is that onlya limited number of organisms can live in the area. Organisms generally live at about 5-7 pH, he said. The black water ecosystem is rare in our world. In Indonesia, it is foundonly in Central Kalimantan, Musi Banyuasin in South Sumatra and Jambi. Because the ecosystem is rare, the organisms in it are often unique, hesaid. Soil samples of the ecosystem were taken to find out what types of microorganisms could adapt themselves. We found hundreds of bacteria species in the soil samples, he said. The bacteria species were separated and then cultured. The selected bacteria were tested in soil mixed with crude oil and soil mixed with diesel oil. The microorganisms were able to decompose 48 percentof the crude oil and 64 percent of the diesel oil within 21 days. These results illustrate that the bacteria not only degrades phenol but natural oil, too. The other compounds of natural oil were also degraded, he said. Mohamad Sri Saeni, an IPB environmental chemistry expert, says that following up of the discovery is urgent considering the frequent incidents of oilspills. People living in industrial areas and near oil storage facilities are particularly at risk, he says. A recent survey in East Jakarta of industrial areas found that wells are often contaminated by oil waste. __ Do you Yahoo!? New Yahoo! Photos - easier uploading and sharing. http://photos.yahoo.com/ Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuels-biz/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] Malaysian palm diesel
Hi Ong Its Idul Fitri (Muslim feat after the fast) vacation time in Indonesia and the reason for the delay in getting back to you. Our office reopens next Monday December 8. Im curious why you are using the most expensive palm oil derivative to make biodiesel! Maybe CPO or getting WVO from local food processors would make more sense. Are there rejects, tailings etc available that you can process. I dont believe importing other oils would be a good idea at all. You have transportation and tax costs as well as palm oil traditionally costing 30% or so less than soy. Best regards, Ken --- gumpon prateepchaikul [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Dear Ken In Malaysia they are making biodiesel from olein palm oil and the final product is clear as beta carotene is removed during the process of making olein from crude palm oil as we did here in Thailand. But if biodiesel is produced from crude palm oil the colour is off course quite red because of beta carotene in it and we can remove by the method as you mentioned. Right here in our department we can make mehtyl ester from both crude palm oil and mixed crude palm oil with the percentage of methyl ester up to 98 % (in small batch). Regards Gumpon SNIP __ Do you Yahoo!? Free Pop-Up Blocker - Get it now http://companion.yahoo.com/ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at MyInks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/mOAaAA/3exGAA/qnsNAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] Malaysian palm diesel
Hi Ong You can try separating beta carotene from the FAME by distillation as an additional profit center. Distillation decolorizes and gives you a clean product leaving behind the carotene. CPO is a bit cheaper and why not WVO? FYI CPO contains 500-to-3,000 ppm carotenes, mostly beta. Ken in Indonesia --- obk [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Dear Kieth all, In Malaysia, we are producing high quality biodiesel from refined palm oil (RBD olein). But the price of RBD is prohibitive- RM2,000 (US$ 530) per m/ton which is RM1.80 (US$ 0.47) per liter. Is there any other cheaper virgin vegetable oil available? What is the price of rapeseed oil (canola?), soya (soy) oil, corn oil per liter? Malaysia palm diesel ASTM test results: Pour point -3C Density @ 15C 0.87 Kinematic viscosity @ 40C 21.5 Flash point 90.5 Sulphur 0.05 Water sediment not detected acid number 0.19 Detailed test report available on request. Anyone interested in importing or manufacturing palm diesel? We are also using lubricating engine oil made from RBD to run our motor cars and lorries. Anyone dare to try? Regards, Ong BK email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] __ Do you Yahoo!? Free Pop-Up Blocker - Get it now http://companion.yahoo.com/ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at MyInks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/mOAaAA/3exGAA/qnsNAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] US Patent for Foolproof Method Issued
Hi All A US patent has been issued for what looks like the foolproof method by a Boocock; David Gavin Brooke (24 Bolland Crescent, Ajax, Ontario, CA L1S 3G7). 6,642,399 November 4, 2003. Any comments? Ref at http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2Sect2=HITOFFp=1u=/netahtml/search-bool.htmlr=1f=Gl=50co1=ANDd=ptxts1=biodieselOS=biodieselRS=biodiesel. The invention provides a single-phase process for the conversion of a mixture of fatty acids and triglycerides. In the process, fatty acids are converted to methyl esters by an acid-catalyzed reaction with methanol. The solution is then neutralized and a base is added to catalyze the reaction of the triglycerides with methanol to form methyl esters. The entire reaction is carried out in the same phase, and steps to separate phases are not required. Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? Protect your identity with Yahoo! Mail AddressGuard http://antispam.yahoo.com/whatsnewfree Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at MyInks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/mOAaAA/3exGAA/qnsNAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] Need EU price and tax info
Dear Keith Youre doing a wonderful thing by volunteering youre time and energy to help people become energy self sufficient and I salute you for it. However, public criticism demands a reply. I did not have sex with that girl and never inhaled. There are WMD in Iraq, we just havent found them yet. I still have nightmares about yardstick wielding grade school English teachers and thanks for the correction. I honestly dont know any Indonesian biodielers and have yet to find anyone here in Bandung who has ever heard about it. Maybe Im hanging out in the wrong circles. Most people I talk to here think biodiesel will ruin their engine and are afraid to use it. Kerosene for home use is heavily subsidized at ~$0.32/gal and a WVO-kerosene mix would probably make more sense, but again people are afraid it will ruin their engine. Weve made some biodiesel, but havent sent any out for testing. Its pretty expensive to FedEx samples to Western analytical laboratories. I use public transportation myself and have no personal use for it. Do you know anyone exporting biodiesel from Indonesia? Id like to get a hold of them. The numbers given are fairly firm and based on actual prices for WVO, methanol, and NaOH. Pickup costs are covered in operating expenses. A truck with driver and fuel is maybe $30 per day. People like to bargain here and shipping costs will come down? First I was quoted $3,500 for a 24,000 liter ISO tank to Rotterdam, then a day latter $2,750 by the same guy. He told me to name my price and that there would be volume discounts etc. In places like this, if you agree to a price, you are obligated to fulfill or you lose face. Were not in a position to ship anything yet and I havent gotten back to him. Yes, there is a PT Guthrie Pecconina Indonesia, Cultivation of Oil Palm. Guthries is a Malaysian owned company and a list of their holdings follows. Most of the palm oil plantations are located in Sumatra far away from Bandung and I dont know anyone here in this business. Ive contacted some local distributors about picking up WVO while making their rounds and there might be something here. Prof. Priadana thinks there may be a lot of refined palm oil rejects available from refineries, but havent checked into this. Guthrie Group Companies and Business Activities Kumpulan Guthrie Berhad Holding Company. Highlands and Lowlands Berhad Plantation and Property Development. Guthrie Ropel Berhad Plantation. Guthrie Plantation Agricultural Services Plantation Consultancy Services, Sales of D x P (Dura x Pisifera) Oil Palm Seeds/Seedlings and Rat Baits. Highlands Research Unit Production and Sales of D x P (Dura x Pisifera) Oil Palm Seeds/Seedlings and Rat Baits. Chemara Laboratories Laboratory Testing and Technical Service. Guthrie Biotech Laboratory Production of Oil Palm Seedlings and Clonal Materials. Guthrie Property Development Holding Property Developer. Haron Estate Development Property Developer. Harvard Jerai Development Property Developer. Harvard Golf Resort (Jerai) Golf Club. Harvard Hotel (Jerai) Hotel Operator. Guthrie MDF Producer Exporter of Medium Density Board. Guthrie Wood Products Manufacturer of Rubber Wood Components. Guthrie Medicare Products (Melaka) Manufacturer of Latex Examination Gloves. Guthrie Polymer Manufacturer of Expoxidised Natural Rubber and Prevulcanised Latex. Integrated Brickworks Manufacturer of Concrete Masonry, Load Bearing Systems and Keystone Retaining Walls. Guthrie Landscaping Landscaping, Design Construction of Golf Courses, Turfing and Horticultural Materials. Guthrie Dimensional Stones Quarry of Granite Aggregates. Guthrie Solutions Computer Services. Guthrie Symington Ltd Rubber Mechanting. Healthline Products Ltd Trading in Healthcare Products. Guthrie Latex Inc. Rubber Merchanting. PT Guthrie Pecconina Indonesia Cultivation of Oil Palm. Muang Mai Guthrie Company Ltd. (Assoc. co.) Processing and Distribution of Latex and Dry Rubber. Best regards, Ken --- Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi Ken Hi Keith Iím sorry about the English, if indeed there is a problem with it. It seems clear enough to me and Iím a native speaker. There's an all-too-experienced editor under one of my hats. Speaker and writer ain't the same, different parts of the brain. You meant outside investors singly but wrote stingily, stingy means miserly. I'd not have mentioned it but it's not the only one, you really need a proofreader. It doesn't sit well with a request for half a million dollars. You need a clean-cut document, at least. (Under another of my hats is a consultant who's been paid loadsamoney to make sure people's grant proposals succeed, $150 million and so on, having vetted all proposals as part of the publisher's job at a big bilateral aid agency for a couple of years.) Where are all these biodiesl plants in Indonesia that you talk about? I don't know, as I said
RE: [biofuels-biz] Need EU price and tax info
Hi Filip Thanks for the info. I received the following from a fried in Austria and it looks like every country in the EU has their own tax system for biodiesel. tax situation in Europe: Austria, Germany: Mineral-Oil-tax-exemption for Biodiesel. Italy, France: Contingents for Biodiesel, Italy 60.000 t, France 300.000 t per year with tax-reduction. GB: tax-reduction for biofuels, as much as I know 4,4 pence per liter. But: the EU-proposal for Biofuels is decided, till 2005 2 % of all fuels have to be from bio-sources, till 2010 even 5,75 %! Now we have 0,3 %! To reach this targets, all states have to decide new subsidies for Biofuels. In Austria f. e. they plan to mix 2 %. So the Mineral Oil Companies will have to buy the Biodiesel at the markets, which will become a quite interesting situation for all of us... But we all have to wait for final decisions. Enclosed find the EU-proposal for Biofuels, which is already in law. Best regards, Ken --- filip.ponsaerts [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I only can comment on the tax in Belgium Tax for biodiesel is the same as for diesel #2 per 1000 liter in euro 290,0354 regards, Filip SNIP __ Do you Yahoo!? The New Yahoo! Shopping - with improved product search http://shopping.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at MyInks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/mOAaAA/3exGAA/qnsNAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] Need EU price and tax info
the biodiesel business as a means to fund further renewable energy research while at the same time providing excellent returns for our investor partners. Please let me know if this interests you and thank you for your attention. Best regards, Ken Gotberg Dharmaningsih Group Kampung Bengkok, Dago Atas RT03/RW01 No. 46 Bandung, West Java, Indonesia Phone/Fax +62 22 250-9651 Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Background Recent breakthroughs in diesel fuel-injection technology have made diesel engines peppier, cleaner, more efficient, and quieter than ever before. The VW Lupo 3l TDI, for example, averages 33km/liter (76 miles/gallon) and was the first car to meet strict emission guidelines proposed by Brussels to take effect in 2005. While diesel powered vehicles only represent 1% of all vehicles sold in the USA, 30% of the 14 million new cars sold each year in Western Europe are diesel powered. Manufacturers offering diesel cars in Western Europe include Audi, BMW, Fiat, Mercedes-Benz, Peugeot, and Volkswagen. Diesel fuel is derived from petroleum and is not a renewable resource while biodiesel is a direct replacement for diesel, is derived from new or used vegetable oils, and most definitely is a renewable resource. Government mandates, initiatives, and tax incentives in Western Europe have established a ready market for biodiesel. France for example requires 5% biodiesel-diesel blends by law and the European Union has set a target of 5% biofuels (biodiesel, ethanol, etc) use for all automobiles by 2005. The pretax free market price for petroleum diesel is ~ US$ 0.21/liter ($0.80/gallon) and typically biodiesel cannot compete in price in Western Europe due to the high cost of virgin refined vegetable oils and relatively high cost of picking up and delivering used vegetable oils to biodiesel processing facilities. In Indonesia, we are able to produce biodiesel fuel === message truncated === __ Do you Yahoo!? The New Yahoo! Shopping - with improved product search http://shopping.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at MyInks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/mOAaAA/3exGAA/qnsNAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] Need EU price and tax info
Hi All Does anyone on this list living in Western Europe have price and tax info for diesel and biodiesel? Also, can you recommed a green fund in Europe that may be interested in biodiesel? I put together the following intro letter and brief business plan to send out as follows and want to be sure of the numbers. Thanks a lot and best regards, Ken Request of Interest in Biodiesel for Sale in Western Europe Product: Biodiesel for sale in Western Europe Min Capital Requirement: US$ 500,000 Company: Dharmaningsih Group Principle: Dr. Kenneth E. Gotberg, PhD Location: Bandung, West Java, Indonesia Contact: Phone/Fax + 62 22 250-9651 Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Dear Sir/Madam Dharmaningsih Group is an American owned and operated renewable energy research development concern located in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Research interests include: solar concentrators for electric power generation and water heating; rice straw other high lignin agricultural wastes conversion to glucose; biofuels (biodiesel, ethanol, gasification); hybrid systems for efficient energy conversion, utilization storage; aluminum fuel cells; magnesium seawater batteries; photo assisted anodes for energy conversion and for the separation of molecular hydrogen from water for use in hydrogen fuel cells; and a number of other renewable energy technologies. We have successfully produced biodiesel fuel at very low cost using waste Indonesian vegetable oils, are ready to begin full scale production for sale in Western Europe, and request US$ 500,000 in funding to do so. Our delivered cost to Rotterdam is ~ $ 240 per metric ton ($0.21/liter) or less depending on shipping volumes while associates in the biodiesel industry inform us that wholesale biodiesel price in Western Europe is ~ $ 614/mt ($0.54, 0.50 Euros/liter). We are confident that we can offer at a 25% Rotterdam port discount, i.e. $ 460/mt, and have no problems finding many qualified buyers. This represents a 48% gross profit margin on a commodity item! We are currently able to source more than 1,000 mt/year ($220,000 gross profit) of feedstock and are very confident of being able to source more than 5,000 mt ($1.1 million gross profit) by the end of our first year in production. Management consists of: Dr. Kenneth E. Gotberg is an American with a PhD in physical chemistry from the University of California at Davis, has more than eight years of business experience in Indonesia, and is the owner of Dharmaningsih Group. Dr. H. Iyan Sofyan is and Indonesian with more than thirty years of hands-on food science and technology chemistry experience. Prof. Dr. H. Sidik Priadona is and Indonesian with excellent high-level government and business contacts. We view the biodiesel business as a means to fund further renewable energy research while at the same time providing excellent returns for our investor partners. Please let me know if this interests you and thank you for your attention. Best regards, Ken Gotberg Dharmaningsih Group Kampung Bengkok, Dago Atas RT03/RW01 No. 46 Bandung, West Java, Indonesia Phone/Fax +62 22 250-9651 Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Background Recent breakthroughs in diesel fuel-injection technology have made diesel engines peppier, cleaner, more efficient, and quieter than ever before. The VW Lupo 3l TDI, for example, averages 33km/liter (76 miles/gallon) and was the first car to meet strict emission guidelines proposed by Brussels to take effect in 2005. While diesel powered vehicles only represent 1% of all vehicles sold in the USA, 30% of the 14 million new cars sold each year in Western Europe are diesel powered. Manufacturers offering diesel cars in Western Europe include Audi, BMW, Fiat, Mercedes-Benz, Peugeot, and Volkswagen. Diesel fuel is derived from petroleum and is not a renewable resource while biodiesel is a direct replacement for diesel, is derived from new or used vegetable oils, and most definitely is a renewable resource. Government mandates, initiatives, and tax incentives in Western Europe have established a ready market for biodiesel. France for example requires 5% biodiesel-diesel blends by law and the European Union has set a target of 5% biofuels (biodiesel, ethanol, etc) use for all automobiles by 2005. The pretax free market price for petroleum diesel is ~ US$ 0.21/liter ($0.80/gallon) and typically biodiesel cannot compete in price in Western Europe due to the high cost of virgin refined vegetable oils and relatively high cost of picking up and delivering used vegetable oils to biodiesel processing facilities. In Indonesia, we are able to produce biodiesel fuel from used vegetable oil for ~$0.11/liter ($0.40/gal). We are in a situation where a renewable energy source has a lower production cost than the petroleum equivalent! Shipping from Indonesia to Rotterdam, Holland adds ~ $0.11/liter ($0.40/gal) for delivered cost price of ~$0.21/liter ($0.80/gal), about the same price as petroleum diesel
[biofuel] Biodiesel Car Captures Highest Ratings In Six Performance Categories At The 2003 Michelin Challenge Bibendum
http://www.manufacturing.net/dn/index.asp?layout=articlearticleid=NR20030929290.2_ddc100492f7bade9industry=Automotive+and+Trucks+and+Off%2DHighwayindustryid=2019 Biodiesel Car Captures Highest Ratings In Six Performance Categories At The 2003 Michelin Challenge Bibendum Business Wire September 29, 2003 9:32am SAN FRANCISCO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Sept. 29, 2003-- Achievements Include Gold Awards In Reduction Of Global Warming (CO2) Emissions And Fuel Economy Green Star Products, Inc. (OTC US: GSPI) announced today that its 35% owned affiliate company -- American Biofuels, captured an impressive array of performance awards at the 2003 Michelin Challenge Bibendum. One of the American Biofuels entry vehicles, a 2001 Volkswagen Jetta TDI Turbo diesel, running on 100% biodiesel, captured ``A' ratings in six categories, more than any other production class vehicle entered, including all of the major automobile manufacturers. The Challenge Bibendum is not considered a competitive event but a performance event to display the advancements in vehicle technologies. Therefore, entrants are only rated with A, B, C, and D letters (ratings). There are eleven performance categories that receive Gold Awards for ``A' ratings and Silver Awards for ``B' ratings, excluding four of these categories that are non-award categories. There were a total of twenty-six of the most advanced production vehicles in the World entered in the event; hybrid, fuel cell, natural gas, and biofuel vehicles. Entries include: Seven by Honda (NYSE:HMC), six by Toyota (NYSE:TM), three by Nissan (Nasdaq SC: NSANY), two by Volvo (Nasdaq NM: VOLVY), three by DaimlerChrysler (NYSE:DCX), one by Ford (NYSE:F), one by Mercedes-Benz, and two Volkswagen diesel cars by American Bio-Fuels. The ``A' ratings are very difficult to attain. For example, twelve of the twenty-six production entries from the major automakers did not achieve one single ``A' in any of the eleven performance categories. Furthermore, even the Honda Insight hybrid vehicle, which is considered to be the most efficient and environmentally friendly production vehicle on the road today, received not one ``A'. The American Biofuels' Volkswagen Jetta entry running on 100% biodiesel needed 43 miles per gallon to secure its first ``A' Gold Award in the fuel efficiency event. It attained the Award by achieving over 60 miles per gallon on the aggressive Infineon Raceway while clocking some of the fastest lap times in the fuel efficiency event. American Biofuels entered the Michelin challenge this year to specifically capture the CO2 awards that relate to reducing global warming gases and providing a renewable and sustainable transportation industry. American Biofuels attained ``A's in all three CO2 performance categories and received its second Gold Award for CO2 performance. At the conclusion of the four-day Michelin Challenge the awards were presented at a Gala Dinner at the Downtown San Francisco Marriott Hotel. During the awards dinner there were many very notable speakers including the Mayor of San Francisco, Willie Brown and (via video tape) the Vice-President of the European Union, Loyola de Palacio, who identified the great importance of biofuels in establishing a sustainable and renewable transportation industry. In light of these kind of presentations by the speakers it is not surprising that the American Biofuels race team felt deprived of their victory when there was no mention of their achievements in the production class category while all of the awards were presented only to the major automobile companies competing in this category in the event. Furthermore, a two-page press release by the Michelin Challenge Bibendum dated September 25th neither mentioned the American Biofuels top awards or even the word biofuels. On Friday, September 26, 2003 the Los Angeles Times printed an article covering the Bibendum Challenge, which stated that eighteen Gold Awards were given to all of the major automobile manufacturers, without mentioning American Biofuels' production class Gold Awards. This was Michelin's chance to draw attention to the many benefits of diesel engines and biodiesel fuel proved by their own Bibendum event. It is also noteworthy that the second American Biofuels entry, a Volkswagen TDI Golf vehicle running on 20% biodiesel blend (B-20) also received two ``A' ratings and three ``B' ratings. At the Bibendum event many of the European participants stated that they believed that the United States was not committed to reducing CO2 emissions while the European Union has already committed to substantial CO2 reductions. CO2 emissions contribute to the ecological life cycle, which causes the green house effect that is melting our polar caps and is drastically changing our weather conditions. American Biofuels and Green Star Products, Inc. (OTC US: GSPI) have identified a 311-page comprehensive government study (NREL/SR-580-24089 UC Category 1503 Life
[biofuel] FBI looking for biodiesel fraudster
Hi Karl Rehberg, 60, headed a business called NOPEC -- which stood for No OPEC -- that turned french fries' grease into biodiesel fuel. He is accused of selling $21.3 million worth of illegal stock to 2,800 people from 1990 to 1999. from: http://www.theledger.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20030930/NEWS/309300409/1039 Published Tuesday, September 30, 2003 KARL REHBERG FBI Still Can't Find Polk Fugitive Elusive NOPEC chief sold $21.3 million in illegal stock. By Rick Rousos The Ledger [EMAIL PROTECTED] LAKELAND -- Q: How long can a cross-dressing, 225-pound, 6-foot tall fugitive and his wife evade federal investigators? A: At least five years. Karl Rehberg, 60, headed a business called NOPEC -- which stood for No OPEC -- that turned french fries' grease into biodiesel fuel. He is accused of selling $21.3 million worth of illegal stock to 2,800 people from 1990 to 1999. About 400 of the people who haven't seen a dime of their investments are from Polk County. Most of the others are scattered across Florida and Georgia. Unquestionably, Rehberg did make hi-grade biodiesel fuel from used restaurant grease. The problem: He couldn't make it cheap enough to turn a profit. After Rehberg left town, a series of attempts to make the business profitable were unsuccessful. The plant on George Jenkins Boulevard now sits idle. Rehberg disappeared from Lakeland in 1998 in the midst of plea negotiations with federal prosecutors. The FBI said Rehberg ran after realizing that any deal would include his serving some time in federal prison. Karl and his wife, Helen Rehberg, have been as slippery as the grease he turned into gas. The FBI, which made the case against Rehberg for selling unregistered securities, has been unable to find him since his disappearance. We have checked out several leads and they have turned out negative, FBI Special Agent Sara Oates said Monday. And we don't have any information about whether he's still in the country. Oates said she could neither confirm nor deny one scenario that has circulated in Lakeland: Rehberg has been in Hong Kong. But Oates did say that the FBI is serious about learning the whereabouts of the Rehbergs. We're not going to stop until we find them, she said. Their best chance so far may have been in 1999, when investigators were always a few steps behind the Rehbergs in the Southwest United States. Rehberg was seen in Albuquerque, N.M., dressed in drag and using the name Peggy Helms. A woman who manages apartments in Albuquerque told the FBI that Rehberg in a dress is no sight for sore eyes. He's 6 feet tall and weighs about 225 pounds. The apartment manager described Peggy Helms as a big, nasty-looking woman or a linebacker with laryngitis. Helms wore dowdy woman's clothing, orthopedic shoes and a pin-curled, little-old-lady wig. Rehberg sometimes uses the name Earl Randall when dressed as a man. And Helen Rehberg sometimes goes by Ellen Rivers, the FBI has said. Federal officials disagree about whether Rehberg had stashed any of the millions of dollars he collected from investors before leaving the company, but the consensus has been that the Rehbergs are broke, or at least were when they left Lakeland. The FBI has heard reports that Rehberg has used the name of Penni Haless, his way to plead poverty when the name is juggled to Penniless Ha! Anyone with information about Rehberg can call the FBI at 863-682-6114. Rick Rousos can be reached at [EMAIL PROTECTED] or 863-802-7516. __ Do you Yahoo!? The New Yahoo! Shopping - with improved product search http://shopping.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at MyInks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/mOAaAA/3exGAA/qnsNAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Concrete Tanks and PVC.
Hi Mike The idea is to build a concrete biodiesel building with, lets say, 9 rooms/tanks to save money. Walls can be shared and heating for the whole structure should be less expensive than having to heat each tank separately. Something like this; - | T | | | - | | Rx| | - | | | | - I.e. a nine room building with one or two reactors and 8 or 9 settling/storage tanks. Most homes and other structures are built here using concrete due to the high strength and low cost. There are even high-tech concretes available that conduct electricity and can be used for heating by passing an electric current through them. Best regards, Ken --- Mike Barnett [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: What about polyethylene tanks?? Mike JAMAICA - Original Message - From: Ken Gotberg [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Saturday, September 27, 2003 2:50 AM Subject: [biofuel] Concrete Tanks and PVC. Hi All Has anyone tried concrete tanks for biodiesel? Does anyone know of potential problems with going this way? Also, would PVC pipes present a problem? These are very cheap in Indonesia. Best regards, Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? The New Yahoo! Shopping - with improved product search http://shopping.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at MyInks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/mOAaAA/3exGAA/qnsNAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] Breakthrough Burns Biodiesel Better
--- martin.brook [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: How can we get details on the fuel sensor? - Original Message - From: Ken Gotberg [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuels-biz@yahoogroups.com Sent: Friday, September 05, 2003 7:02 AM Subject: [biofuels-biz] Breakthrough Burns Biodiesel Better From: http://www.solaraccess.com/news/story?storyid=5024 Breakthrough Burns Biodiesel Better September 4, 2003 [SolarAccess.com] In order to optimize the use of biodiesel in Germany, the research institute FAL in cooperation with Volkswagen completed the development of a fuel-sensor, which can differentiate biodiesel from conventional diesel in the tank and decides engine timing according to the respective fuel blend. The application of a fuel-sensor assures that the use of biodiesel is reaching an optimum in terms of emission reduction and fuel efficiency. This new development is viewed as a breakthrough for biodiesel's future on the fuel market. The cultivation of oilseed rape for the production of biodiesel also benefits agriculture. The production of raw materials for biodiesel has meant that the acreage in Germany for renewable raw products has increased within five years from approximately 500,000 hectares to approximately 840,000 hectares. This development proves the large potential for renewable raw materials that aid environmental and climatic protection, and are in addition an important alternative to foodstuff production for farmers. __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Remanufactured Ink Cartridges Refill Kits at MyInks.com for: HP $8-20. Epson $3-9, Canon $5-15, Lexmark $4-17. Free s/h over $50 (US Canada). http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=6351 http://us.click.yahoo.com/0zJuRD/6CvGAA/qnsNAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] Breakthrough Burns Biodiesel Better
Hi Martin I dont know and suppose you would have to get a hold of Bundesforschungsanstalt Fur Landwirtschaft (FAL), Germany or Volkswagen about this. I couldnt find details on the Internet in English. Ken PS I believe I hit the wrog button and just sent a blank message. --- martin.brook [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: How can we get details on the fuel sensor? - Original Message - From: Ken Gotberg [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuels-biz@yahoogroups.com Sent: Friday, September 05, 2003 7:02 AM Subject: [biofuels-biz] Breakthrough Burns Biodiesel Better From: http://www.solaraccess.com/news/story?storyid=5024 Breakthrough Burns Biodiesel Better September 4, 2003 [SolarAccess.com] In order to optimize the use of biodiesel in Germany, the research institute FAL in cooperation with Volkswagen completed the development of a fuel-sensor, which can differentiate biodiesel from conventional diesel in the tank and decides engine timing according to the respective fuel blend. The application of a fuel-sensor assures that the use of biodiesel is reaching an optimum in terms of emission reduction and fuel efficiency. This new development is viewed as a breakthrough for biodiesel's future on the fuel market. The cultivation of oilseed rape for the production of biodiesel also benefits agriculture. The production of raw materials for biodiesel has meant that the acreage in Germany for renewable raw products has increased within five years from approximately 500,000 hectares to approximately 840,000 hectares. This development proves the large potential for renewable raw materials that aid environmental and climatic protection, and are in addition an important alternative to foodstuff production for farmers. __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Remanufactured Ink Cartridges Refill Kits at MyInks.com for: HP $8-20. Epson $3-9, Canon $5-15, Lexmark $4-17. Free s/h over $50 (US Canada). http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=6351 http://us.click.yahoo.com/0zJuRD/6CvGAA/qnsNAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
RE: [biofuel] Re: Hydrogen Economy - next step to Hydrogen econom y
Hi Tom I believe power companies do have load leveling systems in place. An engineer friend from England finished a hydroelectric backup project in Jakarta where water is pumped up a reservoir during slack periods. This seems pretty simple with no new technology needed. Ken --- Mccall Tom WP US [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: This is how I see the next step to a Hdydrogen economy. H2 gas would be used to store electical power generated at non peak times (from midnight to say 5:00 am), then this H2 gas would be used to generated power during peak loading to reduce the need for large generator upgrades. At first H2 would be burned to produce power but with new technology I see banks of fuel cells generating power and waste heat that could be used to heat local building, homes, etc. Then as more H2 to generated at off peak times, pipelines could expand the use of H2 in other fuel cell units. Tom __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Special Sale: 50% off ReplayTV Easily record your favorite shows! CNet Ranked #1 over Tivo! http://us.click.yahoo.com/WUMW7B/85qGAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Hydrogen Economy-2
Hi
[biofuel] Hydrogen Economy-2
Hi All I agree about H2 fuel cell efficiency, but extra electric power generation will be needed just the same. Using a 20-horesepower average figure means hp delivered by the engine and this is usually advertised as ~25%. Better to convert back to Watts (1 hp = 746 Watts ~ 750 W). 20-hp (15kW) delivered means the engine is using 60kW of fuel (60kJoules per sec). All heat engines are limited by the Carnot cycle efficiency =1 LowT/HighT where T is given in Kelvin = Celsius + 273. If you do the math for lets say a steam turbine with a LowT = 100C = 373K and a HighT of 800C = 1073K the maximum possible efficiency is 65%. Theres no way around this with a heat engine! Using higher T differences and cogeneration, I read somewhere that modern power plants can get up to 70% efficiency? Batteries and fuel cells are NOT heat engines and efficiencies can get up to 100% in a perfect world. The worlds not perfect and I guess maybe 90% efficiency for a H2 charge/discharge. A round trip is 90% x 90% ~80%. Assuming 70% efficiency for a modern power plant, this means an overall efficiency of 80%x70% = 56%. This is more than twice as good as a fuel car engine, so yes its a better way to go. Its the extra infrastructure that will cost a lot of money and is there the political will to spend a whole lot of money on this? California would not be a good place to depend on a H2 fuel cell car! Its true that most homes in the US have natural gas and could be exploited for H2. Im not sure how you turn CH4 into 2H2 + C. A natural gas heat engine generator will work to electrolyze water, but it seems like youre going around in circles this way. Why not just convert your gasoline car to natural gas and avoid all the hassle? Pump the home natural gas into the cars gas tank. I advocate an aluminum economy. Aluminum tends to be electrolyzed from ore using hydroelectric power in places like Canada. BTW I have a ~12kW very low cost solar concentrator design if anyone is interested. It can power external heat engines like turbines, Stirling, Thermoacoustic Stirling, steam and you get hot water in the first world and/or sterilized water in the third world, like Indonesia. Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- ReplayTV: CNet Ranked #1 over Tivo! Instant Replay Pause live TV. Special Sale: 50% off! http://us.click.yahoo.com/UUMW7B/.5qGAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] TiO2 Solar Cells
See http://www.sta.com.au/webcontent4.htm for TiO2 solar cells. These look interesting. Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- ReplayTV: Control live television Special Sale: 50% off ReplayTV CNet Ranked #1 over Tivo! http://us.click.yahoo.com/aUMW7B/A6qGAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Hydrogen Economy-2
Hi Hakan Yes, it appears the 70% figure is wrong and I misinterpreted from http://www.pacensys.com/SitingPowerPlants.pdf my apologies. It looks like overall H2 efficiency is less than I figured. Textbooks say that fuel cells are much better than 30-to-50%. Does anyone know for sure what actual efficiencies are in a H2 vehicle? Electrolysis and discharge have over potentials etc, but 50-to-70% losses seem very high to me. Ken --- Hakan Falk [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Ken, I have some minor problems to consolidate the efficiency assumptions. My information is that power stations have 30 to 50 and slightly above and from small to large. I also understand that this is the same as for fuel cells 30 to 50 and from small to large. __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Special Sale: 50% off ReplayTV Easily record your favorite shows! CNet Ranked #1 over Tivo! http://us.click.yahoo.com/WUMW7B/85qGAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] ultracaps
Hi Murdoch I dont know about drag racing and the last drag race I went to was when I was a kid growing up in Detroit. Heres a pretty good Japanese site that describes ultracaps in a readable manner. http://www.okamura-lab.com/ultracapacitor/index.htm It seems to me that they have the potential of being used for structural components owing to their laminar structure. Could replace the roof, hood (bonnet) trunk lids etc with something like this. The site above talks a lot about safety issues, power, energy capacity, etc. There are some experimental cars, trucks and busses being used in Japan. Heres whats on their news page. http://www.okamura-lab.com/ultracapacitor/ecsnews2Eng.htm News Shizuki Electric has expanded thier Ultracapacitor UPS --- 2003/04/10 Shizuki Electric Co. started selling together with Densei Lambda Co., their smaller version of Ultracapacitor UPS, 30kVA, 20kVA, and 10kVA added to the present models of 200kVA, 100kVA, and 50kVA. Guaranteed back up time is 5 seconds with options of up to 60 seconds. Larger models of 500 kVA to 2 MVA are scheduled in the near term. Capacitor Hybrid Truck Wins Grand Prize for Energy Conservation --- 2003/1/23 A capacitor hybrid truck developed and sold by Nissan Diesel Motor Co. has been awarded the Grand Prize for Energy Conservation 2002. The vehicle is regarded as the world's first commercial medium-size truck with a capacitor storage hybrid system. The vehicle utilizes the advantages of a capacitor storage, such as long life, high efficiency and large output power. Fuel mileage has been improved 1.5 times and CO2 generation is only 33% compared with the same class of diesel trucks. Honda FCX - Fuel-cell Capacitor Hybrid Car have been delivered --- 2002/12/03 Honda Motor Co. has delivered the world first commercial fuel cell capacitor hybrid passenger vehicle to Japanese government on December 2. American Honda Motor Co., Inc., has also delivered the vehicle to the city of Los Angeles on the same day. The both ceremonies were televised over the US and Japan. Capacitor Hybrid Truck is Displayed at Tokyo Motor Show 2002 --- 2002/10/30 Nissan Diesel Motor Co. displayed the world first commercial capacitor hybrid truck in Tokyo Motor Show, held at Makuhari Messe, Japan. The truck has started selling on last June and the first car delivered to the customer is already running at Tokyo-Yokohama area. City of Los Angeles became the first customer of Honda FCX in US --- 2002/10/07 Mayor Jim Hahn announced today an agreement between the City of Los Angeles and American Honda Motor Co., Inc., to make Los Angeles the first U.S. retail customer for a capacitor hybrid fuel cell car. The City will take delivery of the first of five production vehicles before the end of 2002. Okamura Lab. joined as a member of Electricity Storage Association (ESA) --- 2002/09/17 Okamura Laboratory has announced that the company has joined as a member of Electricity Storage Association, USA. This provides mutual links between both websites, and easy access to member organizations linked to both sites. Consortium for Building Research and Development Established --- 2002/07/25 For stimulating research and development in the area of buildings and houses, related industries and public research organizations in various fields joined to start Consortium for Building Research and Development (http://www.conso.jp). Among the topics, R D in Capacitor Storage Systems for Building Power Supply was posted as one of five themes. Honda Fuel Cell Vehicle First to Receive Certification --- 2002/07/24 The Honda FCX became the first fuel cell vehicle in the world to receive government certification, paving the way for the commercial use of fuel cell vehicles. The capacitor hybrid four seater, hydrogen-fuelled FCX is planned to be sold in the US and Japan within 2002. ECS is renamed ECaSS (Energy Capacitor Systems) --- 2002/07/15 ECS, or Energy Capacitor System, has been renamed ECaSS by Okamura Lab., Inc. in order to avoid confusion between other organizations such as the Electro Chemical Society, because this capacitor storage system is spreading world-wide. Trade name application has been made for ECaSS. Capacitor Hybrid Truck Appears on the Market in Japan --- 2002/06/24 Nissan Diesel Motor Co. debuted the world's first commercial capacitor hybrid truck, with test rides of the vehicle and a tour of their capacitor factory. The vehicle utilizes capacitors for storage and parallel hybrid operation with a diesel engine, aiming at practical application in the area where CNG is not provided. 200 kVA to 50 kVA UPSs using EDLC are Real Products --- 2002/04/01 Last November Shizuki Electric Co., in Japan started selling practical UPSs in 200, 100 and 50 kVA models. In April, the company set up one whole division to fully devote itself to related products and
[biofuel] Hydrogen Economy
Hi Heres my two cents worth on the hydrogen economy. Electrolysis of water is what will happen and the car companies are promoting plugging into your home at night to charge up for the morning commute. How much extra capacity will power companies need to install to charge up all these hydrogen cars? Lets say your car averages 20-horsepower (~15kW) for an hour a day = 54MJoules/day. I read somewhere that an average house uses 0.75kW and if this means 24 hours per day, 65MJoules/day. It would interesting if anyone has an average electric bill for comparison. A lot of energy will be needed to charge up all those millions of hydrogen cars and where will it come from? Best regards, Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Remanufactured Ink Cartridges Refill Kits at MyInks.com for: HP $8-20. Epson $3-9, Canon $5-15, Lexmark $4-17. Free s/h over $50 (US Canada). http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=6351 http://us.click.yahoo.com/0zJuRD/6CvGAA/qnsNAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] OT: October 5 Santa Monica Electric Vehicle Activist/Alt Fuel Activist Meeting
Hi There has been a lot of work done lately using ultracapacitors as a storage/load leveling option. The biggest advantage of capacitors is that they can be recharged essentially an infinite numbers versus 300 or so for the best rechargeable batteries. Ken --- murdoch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: My thoughts with EV are that hybrids are the only practical way to go in the near term if some company is interested in commercializing them at a reasonable price with realistic performance that would appeal to the general public. A hybrid, using a biodiesel generator, would be the most efficient and least polluting option. I agree with your emphasis on this type of hybrid. I like a Grid-Chargeable version of that though. This is not an insignificant caveat. The batteries (or other energy storage device) have to be large enough to store an amount of energy worth charging, and the electronics have to be set up for charging from the wall and not just the generator. This size storage device, and I think also this type of electronics, are not readily designed into presently-available hybrids. The T-zero pricing is probably derived from the more-proven Lead-Acid version they had going (so far as I know, one is still owned by www.solarwarrior.com). This version, when prepared for a drag race, could and did defeat one or more of the fast Ferraris or Lambos or whatever. There are videos of this, maybe on the acpropulsion website. Not long after that EV and others did well in some drag racing, the best Lead-Acid batteries for EV drag racing were no longer available. The T-zero is designed with an amazing power-to-weight ratio, so that's a part of its secret. The jury is out on Li-Ion for my money. What they're doing is buying many little ones and putting them together. Aside from the expense, there are many additional important questions: how many cycles will the batteries last? Under what sorts of use? How idiot proof are they? Importantly: what sorts of safety concerns are there? I see posts and reports of various people trying various Lithium concoctions. For example, the other day a model-airplane enthusiast emphasized to an EV discussion group that at least one of their airplane enthusiasts had had a dangerous accident charging Li-Ion. On the upcoming Santa Monica meeting, in case anyone is genuinely considering going, the organizer gave this further clarification: ...Diluting the agenda to include other EVs [outside of highway capable ones] or alt-fuel vehicles would take too much time. I do value their ideas, this just won't be the forum for it. So, biofuel-discussers would have the opportunity to mingle with alt-fuel enthusiasts during the informal part of things, but would not have the chance to make or hear any formal-presentation biofuel-relevant points at any length. __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Remanufactured Ink Cartridges Refill Kits at MyInks.com for: HP $8-20. Epson $3-9, Canon $5-15, Lexmark $4-17. Free s/h over $50 (US Canada). http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=6351 http://us.click.yahoo.com/0zJuRD/6CvGAA/qnsNAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Gaining insight
Greetings to all. I have read and researched biodiesel for the last few months. Although, I would consider myself a novice in the details of production. I am looking to establish a multi-million dollar biodiesel production facility as part of a very large venture capitial deal. It may seem odd to as why I would spend millions on something I have little clue on. However, I see a potential, a market, and have the means to make it happen. I need to be able to ask some simple and difficult questions from feedstock, production capabilites, etc. If someone out there in the community would be interested in helping me I would be grateful. Thank You, J. Curtis Cheney Hi Curtis We should talk. I'm trying to do the same thing in Indonesia. Production cost here is about 50 cents per gallon. Best regards, Ken Gotberg Dharmaningsih Group Phone +62 22 250-9651 __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for Your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at Myinks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/l.m7sD/LIdGAA/qnsNAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] Breakthrough Burns Biodiesel Better
From: http://www.solaraccess.com/news/story?storyid=5024 Breakthrough Burns Biodiesel Better September 4, 2003 [SolarAccess.com] In order to optimize the use of biodiesel in Germany, the research institute FAL in cooperation with Volkswagen completed the development of a fuel-sensor, which can differentiate biodiesel from conventional diesel in the tank and decides engine timing according to the respective fuel blend. The application of a fuel-sensor assures that the use of biodiesel is reaching an optimum in terms of emission reduction and fuel efficiency. This new development is viewed as a breakthrough for biodiesel's future on the fuel market. The cultivation of oilseed rape for the production of biodiesel also benefits agriculture. The production of raw materials for biodiesel has meant that the acreage in Germany for renewable raw products has increased within five years from approximately 500,000 hectares to approximately 840,000 hectares. This development proves the large potential for renewable raw materials that aid environmental and climatic protection, and are in addition an important alternative to foodstuff production for farmers. __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for Your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at Myinks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/l.m7sD/LIdGAA/qnsNAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] Methanol and Ethanol for Micro Fuel Cells in Laptops
I believe its the hydrogen gas produced thats the dangerous thing, not the methanol. Why arent aluminum-air batteries more popular for these types of applications? Ken --- murdoch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=storycid=569ncid=1211e=1u=/nm/20030902/tc_nm/column_pluggedin_dc One question is whether it's really necessary to have all these regulatory and logistical hurdles to overcome for methanol, or whether ethanol could be used as well, if it were not for governmental repression of that fuel because it is often not a fossil fuel industry product. Vodka's already allowed on planes. And if the regulators would get the hell out of the way, it could probably be poured into some of these fuel cells and used, without too much fanfare. But we wouldn't want that. __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for Your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at Myinks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/l.m7sD/LIdGAA/qnsNAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] Methanol and Ethanol for Micro Fuel Cells in Laptops
Hi MM Aluminum is a renewable energy source with recycling opportunities (beer cans etc) Aluminum-air Al = 27 g/mol Yield = 3 electrons at 2.1 Volts This is better than methanol-air. You can make your own at home in total and absolute safety http://isaac.exploratorium.edu/~pauld/activities/AlAirBattery/alairbattery.html From: http://www.aluminum-power.com/media/yahoo2.htm Key to the battery's greatly extended operating power is the energy density of aluminum, which at 8100wh/kg is approximately 75 times more energy dense than conventional lithium ion cells. This density allows the aluminum- air battery to deliver far greater energy over much longer periods of time and at considerably reduced cost. ``The high energy to weight ratio makes the aluminum-air fuel cell an ideal power source,'' See http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/whitmer/assig123.html for a balanced equation and other aspects. I was a research scientist for the US Navy and became a defacto power source resource person for remote ocean surveillance systems. One of our contractors found an expiring patent (circa 1986) on a lead doped Al alloy that literally burned in water like Na, K, etc. I dont know the details and didnt pay much attention because the Mg/inert copper cathode-seawater battery was better suited to our system requirements. In any case, Al burning: in water releases H2 (of all things) and could conceivably be used to source H2 for fuel cells safely. Make up some Al(Pb) pellets and squirt on water when H2 is needed. Ken --- murdoch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: To be honest, I don't know anything about aluminum-air batteries. Is that anything like zinc-air, where they don't lend themselves to recharging but have superb one-time-use capabilities? I know at least one firm was trying to market some zinc-air batteries for smaller devices through Radio Shack. Again with this backup battery concept. Methanol isn't allowed some places that ethanol is (airplanes). I don't know the rationales, but I think either is flammable in some extent prior to being reformed to Hydrogen? MM SNIP __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for Your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at Myinks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/l.m7sD/LIdGAA/qnsNAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] Making Biodiesel Without Base Catalyst
Worth saying yet again, as there have been cases of biofuellers getting all fired up about this and wanting to go fooling with bits of old truck hydraulic systems and so on. NOT a good idea!!! Methanol at 30MPa and 350C is LETHAL! We DON'T need any accidents, it could set biofuels developments back years - biofuels have their enemies, powerful ones, can you imagine what a meal they'd make of it? Hi Keith I agree 100% that no one should try in any way high temperature, high pressure reactions at home or anywhere else in an uncontrolled environment. This is the biofuel-biz list and the intension was for commercial applications and certainly not for home use. To tell you the truth, Im not so sure methanol, strong base reactions are safe at home either. Is everyone wearing safety goggles, at least, when making this stuff? Ill bet no high school in the US would let their students make any form of biodiesel with or without a competent instructor present. I taught (TA) laboratory general chemistry and quantitative analysis at the University of California and no one could even enter the lab without first putting on their safety goggles and protective lab coat. Chemical fire extinguishers, eye washes, and acid/base buffer solutions were all around and each and every student was taught how to use them before any coursework commenced. It would seem scary to me if my neighbor were mixing methanol at elevated temperatures into flammable liquids in his garage next-door. I hope there are no electrical shorts and the guy isnt a smoker etc. Arent there city ordinances against storing flammable fluids in quantity in residential areas? When I lived in San Diego, you werent even allowed to keep dangerous farm animals in your yard, like chickens. Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for Your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at Myinks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/l.m7sD/LIdGAA/qnsNAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] Making Biodiesel Without Base Catalyst
Hi Keith There are things you can do in lab that may or may not be useful in commercial applications. Photo excitation, electron excitation, and sonochemistry come to mind and I wonder if any commercial studies have been conducted that you know of on the biodiesel system. Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for Your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at Myinks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/l.m7sD/LIdGAA/qnsNAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] Business Opportunities
1. As some of you may know, Ive been promoting WVO from Indonesia as a business venture. So far, I have offers from qualified buyers at US$220 to $250/mt FOB Indonesia. Local FOB cost is 1/2 to 1/3 for 50% to 100% markups. The problem is this Rest of World |F| Indonesia Money ---|O| |B|---WVO There is an L/C FOB barrier that requires the purchase of WVO in Indonesia before L/C FOB payment is received. The buyers want large amounts + 3,000mt/month and I havent been able to find anyone willing to finance the Indonesian side. I have proposed this scheme Rest of World | Indonesia Money - ---WVO where the buyer opens a captive trading company to purchase directly in Indonesia, but as of yet to no avail. If theres anyone out there willing to invest in a third world country, there are profits to be made here. 2. A high ranking Indonesian customs official called me last night about a 15,000 hectare kempas (a tropical hardwood used for flooring and furniture) forest in Sumatra that is going to be clear cut (not burned) to make way for a coconut plantation. The first tract of 7,000 hectares is scheduled to be cut shortly and they are looking for someone to buy the rough wood on a mt basis. A government survey has been conducted and it comes with all Indonesian government export approvals and certificates. Ken Gotberg Phone/Fax +62 22 250-9651 __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for Your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at Myinks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/l.m7sD/LIdGAA/qnsNAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] Making Biodiesel Without Base Catalyst
I came across a thesis A.D. Khan, Research into Biodiesel Kinetics Development, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 17 May 2002 http://www.cheque.uq.edu.au/ugrad/chee4001/CHEE400102/Adam_Khan_Thesis.pdf that discusses the various methods of making biodiesel that some of you may find useful. Khan did experiments using various catalysts on a tallow/ethanol system and seems to favor a H2SO4 catalyst system. Figure 13 on page 22 shows how the various components change over time where ethylester formation looks diffusion controlled to me. Khan also talks about a non-catalyzed supercritical methanol developed by Kusdiana with a 95% conversion rate in 4 min. The reaction conditions are severe 30MPa and 350C that wouldnt be practical for home use. An abstract can be found here http://bioproducts-bioenergy.gov/pdfs/bcota/abstracts/19/z191.pdf Kusdiana has subsequently developed http://www.nrel.gov/biotech_symposium/docs/abst4-16.doc Two-Step Preparation for A Catalyst-Free Biodiesel Production; Hydrolysis and Methyl Esterification Dadan Kusdiana, Shiro Saka* Graduate School of Energy Science, Yoshida Honmachi Sakyo-ku Kyoto University, Japan 601 8501 Phone: +81 (75) 753 4738; Fax: +81 (75) 753 4738; E-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Two-step preparation for biodiesel fuel production was developed. The first step consists of triglycerides hydrolysis for fatty acids formation in subcritical water, and the second is methyl esterification of the hydrolyzed products by supercritical treatment of methanol. By the two-step preparation, we can lower the reaction temperature and pressure without the use of catalyst. Reaction parameters to affect the conversion on both hydrolysis and methyl esterification will be presented, followed by a proposed optimum reaction condition. The obtained products showed comparable methyl esters formation with those prepared by the conventional alkaline-catalyzed method and our previous supercritical methanol method. Biodiesel produced by our two-step preparation method was proved to fulfill the quality specification on free glycerol and glycerides content as described in some biodiesel standard in the USA and European countries. This new production method can cover any type of raw material, from virgin vegetable oils to wasted vegetable oils. This two-step method will be more useful for biodiesel from waste vegetable oils In short, both the methods of Khan and Kusdiana do not use basic catalysts and hence there are no sponification or FFA problems. Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for Your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at Myinks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/l.m7sD/LIdGAA/qnsNAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] Biodiesel Technical Papers and Bibliography
Biodiesel Technical Papers and Bibliography Here are links with peer reviewed refereed technical papers and bibliography. http://www.me.iastate.edu/biodiesel/Technical%20Papers/Tech_papers.html http://www.me.iastate.edu/biodiesel/Bibliography/bibliography.html Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for Your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at Myinks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/l.m7sD/LIdGAA/qnsNAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] WWF welcomes first steps towards sustainable palm oil
Keith Thanks for this info. It is true that every year there are forest fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan caused by clearing for palm oil plantations. Neighboring countries of Singapore, Malaysia, and sometimes Thailand complain every year about air pollution from Indonesia. The government seems to be more proactive in bringing the culprits to justice now, but it still goes on. Prevailing winds tend to blow the smoke away from Jakarta and hence little personal effect on the decision makers here. Ken --- Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: http://panda.org/news_facts/newsroom/other_news/news.cfm?uNewsID=8444 22, Aug 2003 WWF welcomes first steps towards sustainable palm oil SNIP __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for Your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at Myinks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/l.m7sD/LIdGAA/qnsNAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://webconx.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] reducing ffa's
Hi Michael et al Im wondering if anyone has looked at calcium oxide as a reactant/catalysis. CaO is very hydroscopic and should(?) suck up all the H2O and ffas. Im thinking about this in order to use hydrated rice straw derived ethanol directly from fermentation rather than going through laborious distillation and drying procedures. CaO is used in cement and available at low cost (mountains of limestone and five cement factories in West Java). Can make concrete things as well as biodiesel and glycerol. Probably a crazy of the top of my head idea and just wondering if anyone has tried it. Ken PS The p function is defined as log (base 10) of the thing being measured. This must be a dimensionless quantity. The concentration of water is defined as one. [H2O] = 1. The [] mean concentration. [H+][OH-]/[H2O] = 10 to the minus 14. I.e. [H+][OH-](dimensionless quantities) = 10 to the -14 and p(H+) + p(OH-) = 14. Agreeing with Michael, p(H+) in something other than water has a different meaning(?) and the rate of dissociation will be different than in water. --- Michael Allen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Dear Colton (and indirectly Girl Mark), I think pH meters are very stable and reliable instruments these days. But you have to rememebr that they measure the hydrogen ion concentration in a solvent that allows ionisation such as water. (Indeed, the pH scale is devised so that pH 7 is as neutral as water is supposed to be). Methyl ester and vegetable oils are not such solvents. If you put the electrodes of a pH meter into oil or an oil/water mix, the lack of an ionisable solvent between them causes the apparent pH value to wander all over the place. You can even damage some pH meters. I think that is also part of the answer for Girl Mark too: You can soon test what Todd is saying by dropping some sodium hydroxide pellets or flakes into some vegetable oil. You will see that it slowly reacts with the glycerides to give sodium soaps which encase the pellets. This would make ppoor hand-soap because the unreacted pellets would be quite dangerous. But add some water and a little heat and the reaction is much faster and more complete. The sodium salt of the fatty acid so formed can be skimmed off or separated out with a strong brine solution (including calcium chloride solutions just like emulsion breaking mentioned elsewhere). It may then be washed with fresh brine at this time to remove unreacted sodium hudroxide. The pH of the soap made in this way is usually then lowered by adding resin (wood resins such as pine and kauri have been used for yonks) and buffered by adding something like borax (sodium tetraborate) or a phosphate (which also counters scum-formation in calcium-containing hard waters). The soap is then left to harden (aging) so that water evaporates and any sodium hydroxide (lye) left gets a chance to react with carbon dioxide in the air to make the less skin-aggressive sodium carbonate. (This is basically how laundry soaps and soap powders were once made -- and still are in some sustainable-technology countries). Some of these crude soaps are then re- milled, heated with colouring, perfumes, resin, buffers, glycerol etc. to make toilet soaps. (Incidentally, I think there are many more good recipes on the net for soap-making than there are for ester-making. Here are just three of the thousands presented by google: http://candleandsoap.about.com/mbody.htm, http://waltonfeed.com/old/soaphome.html, http://members.aol.com/oelaineo/soapmaking.html) I'm sure you can see the similarities of this saponification reaction to the transesterification reaction. And you can also see how the presence of water can quickly turn one into the other! But to return to Colton's enquiry: For the reasons given in the first paragraph, we measure the pH of the wash-water in contact with the methyl ester. Of course it takes some time for the two phases to come to equilibrium depending on how much mixing is going on, surface area exposed etc. Strictly speaking, we are not trying to make the oil pH neutral by washing so much as trying to remove sodium soaps and methoxide. If these remain in the ester, they could be deposited in the engine and may cause damage. (Whether such damage is more dangerous to a diesel engine that a long drive down a spume-covered coast road I cannot say . but it's an interesting thought!) Hope this is some help Michael Allen Thailand On Thu, 07 Aug 2003 03:01:07 +, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: We are using a pH meter ( visual) methods during our titration to determine the ffa%. It is very frustrating since the pH meter readings are very inconsistant. Our current ffa% is 1.6% and we are trying to reduce it to .5% by acidification. Any comments on methods for determing the ffa%? Thanks Colton How were you able to know
Re: [biofuels-biz] Catalysts don't participate?
Catalysts lower the activation energy of a chemical process. They are like a tunnel through a mountain. The starting point and finishing point are exactly the same (identical state functions). You just dont have to climb over the mountain to get from here to there. If the finish point is different using a catalyst versus not using a catalyst, then it doesnt meet this criterion. The tunnel is taking you to a different location. Regards, Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for Your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at Myinks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/l.m7sD/LIdGAA/qnsNAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://webconx.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Rice straw to glucose - was Re: question on water hyacinth
Hi Keith I talked to Iyan this morning and this is what he told me. The fungus is called Trichoderma Reesei (QM9414). It first digests lignin then cellulose to glucose and will continue on to digest glucose once the cellulose is consumed. The reaction is carried out at room temperature (in the tropics) in stirred aerated water. The maximum glucose yield of 17% by weight of dry rice straw is reached in about four days. A continues flow process is possible, but he only performed a batch process in the laboratory. The work was published in the Indonesian language and a translation into English is not available. Best regards, Ken Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:Hello Ken snip You can also look at fermentation to glucose and ethanol. My colleague, Dr. Iyan Sofyan, has used a fungus to ferment rice straw to glucose. And rice straw is difficult because of its high lignin content (like wood). I'd like to know more about that - any more detail available? Did Dr. Sofyan publish anything about it? regards Keith Best regards and good luck, Ken Yahoo! Groups SponsorADVERTISEMENT Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free shipping on all inkjet cartridge refill kit orders to US Canada. Low prices up to 80% off. We have your brand: HP, Epson, Lexmark more. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5510 http://us.click.yahoo.com/GHXcIA/n.WGAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] question on water hyacinth
Hi Aileen The best thing to do is check out Chem Abstracts or Science Citation Index. There are cumulative indexes and Im sure there are many entries under hyacinth. Youre in a university and will need references from refereed journals anyway before you can publish. Theres no need to reinvent the wheel. Where I live theyre called enceng gondok and are used to make handicrafts. Some photos can be found here: http://www.rajacraft.com/html/eng/21774-AA.shtml You can also look at fermentation to glucose and ethanol. My colleague, Dr. Iyan Sofyan, has used a fungus to ferment rice straw to glucose. And rice straw is difficult because of its high lignin content (like wood). Best regards and good luck, Ken --- Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi to all, actually, anyone can answer my question...it's about water hyacinths again... is it possible we use the method of liquefaction?... and is there any other process aside from pyrolysis to produce bio-oil from this plants?...because one professor told me that pyrolysis is prohibited nowadays because of the clean air act...i'm just wondering, i hope you could help... Aileen __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free shipping on all inkjet cartridge refill kit orders to US Canada. Low prices up to 80% off. We have your brand: HP, Epson, Lexmark more. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5510 http://us.click.yahoo.com/GHXcIA/n.WGAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Vehicle certification and taxation for biofuels in developing countries.
Hakan Indonesia (the spice islands) is an interesting place with very friendly people (contrary to CNN portrayals) and an uninterrupted culture spanning thousands of years. As an American, I think about how the United States became a nation of immigrants from different mostly European cultures declaring independence from Britain about 227 years ago. The indigenous peoples were largely killed off or quarantined on reservations. In Indonesia, the indigenous people won their war against European colonists. Soeharto was backed by the US because he was anticommunist. Circa 1965 Soekarno was toying with communism and throwing out Westerners. One of Soekarno's famous statments The Year of Living Dangerously was made into a book and Oscar wining movie that some of you may have seen. The US didn't like this very much at all with the Indochina domino theory firmly in place, Vietnam was the first domino ready to fall. The enemy of my enemy is my friend philosophy prevailed in Indonesia as well as in many other parts of the world. To make a long story short, estimates of half a million people were killed in a Soeharto lead anticommunist civil war. Many communists or suspected communists found sanctuary in Portuguese controlled East Timor. The rest is recent history. Live for today and let tomorrow take care of itself probably sums up political will here the best. Sure, there are environmental seminars and statements made, but a favorite Indonesian acronym NATO meaning no action talk only is another description of political will here. I'm merely a voice in the wilderness and don't expect much to happen now about things that will happen in the very distant future, 10 years, when Indonesia runs out of fossil fuel resources. The reason I brought up the price of used palm/coconut oil at 9 US cents per liter (maybe less) compared to a free market non-taxed price of petroleum diesel at 19 cents per liter is because it could actually make economic sense to go this way. I don't know offhand the local price of methanol/ethanol, caustic soda, reactors etc, but there is 10 cents per liter to play with to break even not including glycerin residual value. Local labor costs are less than US$2 per day. A person could actually make money by selling biodiesel at a price lower than non-taxed petroleum diesel. Money is something politicians and everyone else understands very well - the prime mover in human endeavor. From: http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_yield.html#ascend Palm oil has the highest oil yield of any crop listed at 5,000 liters per hectare (10,000 square meters) with coconut second at 2,260 liters per hectare. This same link also has other properties of these oils. Need to get back to work and best regards, Ken PS I don't know Michael Allen and how can I contact him? --- Hakan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Ken, Very interesting reading about Indonesia, I have been the on two short visits and was surprised about the strong US influence form supporting Soeharto and how little that was left form their past as Dutch colony. My friends in The Netherlands always refer to Indonesia, when they wanted to claim the Dutch language as one of the largest in the past. LOL I think that the politician is going to be blamed for the oil crises 2004, even if it is more serious background to it. I heard that it is very large pressures and activities around off shore drilling. With the current R/P value of 10 years, it must already be signs of nervousness. If they do not make very large findings within a year or two, it will probably be turmoil. I think that you are going to find a rapidly growing interest in what you are doing. As with most countries, it is the politics, not the technologies, that are the greatest obstacles. I also think that it is great possibilities in Palm oil and the quite large yield. I hope that you have good contacts with Michael Allen, if not, I recommend you to contact him. Hakan SNIP __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Ink Cartridges or Refill Kits for Your HP, Epson, Canon or Lexmark Printer at Myinks.com. Free s/h on orders $50 or more to the US Canada. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5511 http://us.click.yahoo.com/sO0ANB/LIdGAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Vehicle certification and taxation for biofuels in developing countries.
Hi Hakan Thanks for your reply. Indonesia is a country very rich in natural resources that tend to be squandered in my opinion. There used to be heavy subsidies on gasoline, diesel, and kerosene that were kept for a long time for political reasons. Indonesia has gone through quite a bit of turmoil beginning with the Asian monetary crisis in 1997. The dictator of 32 years, Soeharto, was forced to step down (in large part for raising fuel prices) and replaced by his crony Habibbie who in turn was followed by Megawati Soekarno Putri, the daughter of Indonesias first President, Soekarno. Kerosene is still subsidized because its used by poor people as a cooking fuel. The price for this is ~ Rp. 700 per liter, 8 US cents/l, 31 cents/gallon, $17.17/barrel. Gasoline and diesel are supposed to be priced along with a Singapore benchmark value. The first direct presidential election will be held in 2004 and I expect fuel prices to be manipulated for political gain. Politics aside, potential biofuel sources are largely ignored in Indonesia. The type of information available on this list just isnt known or simply ignored. I have a PhD in chemistry from the University of California, Davis and am associated with Pasundan University as a technical advisor mostly to keep my mind open and to learn new things about how other cultures deal with human interactions and issues that affect all of us. My expertise is in physical chemistry, mainly electron and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and wouldnt be of much use as a resource person in the areas of organic chemistry and biofuels in particular, but will contribute what info I can and feel confident about. Renewable energy areas that Im actively interested in are: solar concentrators for small rural community use for electric power generation and potable drinking water; rice straw conversion to glucose followed by fermentation to ethanol; and biodiesel from used palm and coconut cooking oils. In answer to your question about palm and coconut oil prices; crude palm oil (CPO) is an internationally traded commodity with the last price I saw as US$ 407 per metric ton. Assuming a specific gravity of ~0.8, this is ~33 cents/l, US$ 1.25/gallon, $ 68.79 per barrel. Indonesia is the worlds second largest producer after Malaysia. Refined new palm oil is nearly double this price while used palm oil is about 30% of this price. I dont have any figures at hand for coconut oil prices, but assume they are about the same. BTW coconut palms are an interesting crop. The milk can be fermented to ethanol; the meat pressed for oil with what remains used for food; the husks converted to charcoal and activated carbon; and the wood is used for furniture with an interesting grain. Best regards, Ken --- Hakan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: About: http://energy.saving.nu/vehicles/taxes.shtml Hi Ken, Indonesia is an oil producer and have around of 0.5% of known resources, but have a R/P value of around 10 years. It is quite common that these countries have subsidized fuel. One of the benefits delivered from oil companies. -:) Indonesia with its large population and developing economy, should have a large interest in biofuels. It would be interesting to know the market price on palm oils. Indonesia is in a unique position, with the financial resources to kick start a biofuel economy and secure its future development. It only need some interested and responsible leaders and this engine propaganda could be dealt with. Hakan At 12:49 AM 7/26/2003 -0700, you wrote: Hi Hakan I'm and American who's affiliated with Pasundan University in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Petroleum diesel fuel costs about Indonesian rupiah 1,600 per liter, 19 US cents per liter, 73 cents per US gallon, $ 40 per barrel. I believe this is somewhat subsidized without a pump tax that I know of. There is no biodiesel here that I am aware of. People whom I've talked to about biodiesel have the opinion that it will ruin their engine or that it can't be done. Used palm and coconut oil from food processing factories here is sold for 9 US cents per liter, which brings up an interesting business opportunity - $18.76 per barrel oil. Best regards, Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free shipping on all inkjet cartridge refill kit orders to US Canada. Low prices up to 80% off. We have your brand: HP, Epson, Lexmark more. http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=5510 http://us.click.yahoo.com/GHXcIA/n.WGAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe
Re: [biofuel] Vehicle certification and taxation for biofuels in developing countries.
Hi Hakan Im and American whos affiliated with Pasundan University in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Petroleum diesel fuel costs about Indonesian rupiah 1,600 per liter, 19 US cents per liter, 73 cents per US gallon, $ 40 per barrel. I believe this is somewhat subsidized without a pump tax that I know of. There is no biodiesel here that I am aware of. People whom Ive talked to about biodiesel have the opinion that it will ruin their engine or that it cant be done. Used palm and coconut oil from food processing factories here is sold for 9 US cents per liter, which brings up an interesting business opportunity - $18.76 per barrel oil. Best regards, Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Toner for Your Printer or Fax at LaserTonerSuperstore.com-Save 55%! We have your brand: HP, IBM, Canon, Xerox, Apple and many more for less! http://www.LaserTonerSuperstore.com http://us.click.yahoo.com/YmQqWC/qicGAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
