Almost there: Odd error in mod_jk.log
Hi, I'm almost getting Apache and Tomcat to work together. I had some errors previously that have already been corrected. I'm now able to start both Tomcat and Apache with no errors, but I still can`t get the apache virtual hosts to redirect to Tomcat. The only error message I get is the following in mod_jk.log [jk_uri_worker_map.c (335)]: jk_uri_worker_map_t::uri_worker_map_close, NULL parameter [jk_uri_worker_map.c (185)]: In jk_uri_worker_map_t::uri_worker_map_free, NULL parameters any hints?? thanks. gunther. _ MSN 8 with e-mail virus protection service: 2 months FREE* http://join.msn.com/?page=features/virus -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Almost there: Odd error in mod_jk.log
Hi John, Here it goes: from my httpd.conf: VirtualHost 141.19.93.41:8080 ErrorLog logs/virtualhost1.log TransferLog logs/VH1access.log JkMount /*.* worker_ajp13_1 /VirtualHost VirtualHost 141.19.93.41:8081 Errorlog logs/virtualhost2.log TransferLog logs/VH2access.log JkMount /*.* worker_ajp13_2 /VirtualHost from my workers.properties: worker.list=ajp12, worker_ajp13_1, worker_ajp13_2 #ajp12 worker definition worker.ajp12.port=8007 worker.ajp12.host=localhost worker.ajp12.type=ajp12 # First ajp13 port definition *** worker.worker_ajp13_1.port=11005 worker.worker_ajp13_1.host=localhost worker.worker_ajp13_1.type=ajp13 # Second ajp13 port definition *** worker.worker_ajp13_2.port=11009 worker.worker_ajp13_2.host=localhost worker.worker_ajp13_2.type=ajp13 when I try to access http://localhost:8080/index.jsp shouldn't it access my tomcat directory files? should I also have virtual hosts defined in Tomcat? thanks. gunther From: Turner, John [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: Tomcat Users List [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: 'Tomcat Users List' [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Almost there: Odd error in mod_jk.log Date: Mon, 16 Dec 2002 10:04:12 -0500 What are your JkMount statements, and what are the contents of workers.properties? John -Original Message- From: G|nther Mittermayer [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Monday, December 16, 2002 9:07 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Almost there: Odd error in mod_jk.log Hi, I'm almost getting Apache and Tomcat to work together. I had some errors previously that have already been corrected. I'm now able to start both Tomcat and Apache with no errors, but I still can`t get the apache virtual hosts to redirect to Tomcat. The only error message I get is the following in mod_jk.log [jk_uri_worker_map.c (335)]: jk_uri_worker_map_t::uri_worker_map_close, NULL parameter [jk_uri_worker_map.c (185)]: In jk_uri_worker_map_t::uri_worker_map_free, NULL parameters any hints?? thanks. gunther. _ MSN 8 with e-mail virus protection service: 2 months FREE* http://join.msn.com/?page=features/virus -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] _ Protect your PC - get McAfee.com VirusScan Online http://clinic.mcafee.com/clinic/ibuy/campaign.asp?cid=3963 -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Almost there: Odd error in mod_jk.log
:) Thanks for the * hint, just to make sure I'm not getting it all wrong: What I really wanted to do with this virtual host lines is to have Apache forward everything from port 8080 to worker_ajp13_1 and everything from port 8081 to to worker_ajp13_1. It seems I'm not getting it done with this configuration.. what am I doing wrong? (assuming I corrected the /*.* to /*..) thanks again. gunther From: Turner, John [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: Tomcat Users List [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: 'Tomcat Users List' [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Almost there: Odd error in mod_jk.log Date: Mon, 16 Dec 2002 10:25:45 -0500 Nope. As far as I know, mod_jk only supports one *. *.* is invalid. If you want to send everything to Tomcat (in which case Apache and mod_jk is redundant), you would use /*. Also, this is just my personal preference, but AFAIK ajp12 serves no purpose in workers.properties, it just adds clutter. Also, if you are going to define two workers for Tomcat, then you need to define a load balancer, otherwise the first worker will get all of the requests, which makes the second worker useless. For info on load-balancing (one Apache, multiple Tomcats), see http://www.ubeans.com/tomcat John -Original Message- From: G|nther Mittermayer [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Monday, December 16, 2002 10:20 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Almost there: Odd error in mod_jk.log Hi John, Here it goes: from my httpd.conf: VirtualHost 141.19.93.41:8080 ErrorLog logs/virtualhost1.log TransferLog logs/VH1access.log JkMount /*.* worker_ajp13_1 /VirtualHost VirtualHost 141.19.93.41:8081 Errorlog logs/virtualhost2.log TransferLog logs/VH2access.log JkMount /*.* worker_ajp13_2 /VirtualHost from my workers.properties: worker.list=ajp12, worker_ajp13_1, worker_ajp13_2 #ajp12 worker definition worker.ajp12.port=8007 worker.ajp12.host=localhost worker.ajp12.type=ajp12 # First ajp13 port definition *** worker.worker_ajp13_1.port=11005 worker.worker_ajp13_1.host=localhost worker.worker_ajp13_1.type=ajp13 # Second ajp13 port definition *** worker.worker_ajp13_2.port=11009 worker.worker_ajp13_2.host=localhost worker.worker_ajp13_2.type=ajp13 when I try to access http://localhost:8080/index.jsp shouldn't it access my tomcat directory files? should I also have virtual hosts defined in Tomcat? thanks. gunther From: Turner, John [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: Tomcat Users List [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: 'Tomcat Users List' [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Almost there: Odd error in mod_jk.log Date: Mon, 16 Dec 2002 10:04:12 -0500 What are your JkMount statements, and what are the contents of workers.properties? John -Original Message- From: G|nther Mittermayer [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Monday, December 16, 2002 9:07 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Almost there: Odd error in mod_jk.log Hi, I'm almost getting Apache and Tomcat to work together. I had some errors previously that have already been corrected. I'm now able to start both Tomcat and Apache with no errors, but I still can`t get the apache virtual hosts to redirect to Tomcat. The only error message I get is the following in mod_jk.log [jk_uri_worker_map.c (335)]: jk_uri_worker_map_t::uri_worker_map_close, NULL parameter [jk_uri_worker_map.c (185)]: In jk_uri_worker_map_t::uri_worker_map_free, NULL parameters any hints?? thanks. gunther. _ MSN 8 with e-mail virus protection service: 2 months FREE* http://join.msn.com/?page=features/virus -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] _ Protect your PC - get McAfee.com VirusScan Online http://clinic.mcafee.com/clinic/ibuy/campaign.asp?cid=3963 -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] _ The new MSN 8: smart spam protection and 2 months FREE* http://join.msn.com/?page=features/junkmail -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Almost there: Odd error in mod_jk.log
Thanks again John, but the * were there just for testing purposes. When I migrate to production I'll have only the *.jsp directed. Sorry to insist, but I'm not sure I understood what you meant with the virtualhost example... by doing the following, am I not doing the same? If not, How would apache know,in your example, which connector to look for for each port? VirtualHost 141.19.93.41:8080 ErrorLog logs/virtualhost1.log TransferLog logs/VH1access.log JkMount /*.jsp worker_ajp13_1 /VirtualHost VirtualHost 141.19.93.41:8081 Errorlog logs/virtualhost2.log TransferLog logs/VH2access.log JkMount /*.jsp worker_ajp13_2 /VirtualHost tks, gunther From: Turner, John [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: Tomcat Users List [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: 'Tomcat Users List' [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Almost there: Odd error in mod_jk.log Date: Mon, 16 Dec 2002 10:42:38 -0500 I wouldn't even use Apache to do that. That said, if you want to use Apache, my guess is you would have to look into using either something like the Proxy* Apache runtime directives, or simply put your port numbers into the VirtualHost directives, like this: VirtualHost www.foo.com:8080 VirtualHost www.bar.com:8081 I'm still not sure I see the benefit of using Apache at all in this scenario. If you have requests coming in on ports 8080 and 8081, just setup Tomcat standalone with 2 HTTP connectors (one on 8080 and one on 8081) and call it good, especially if you are sending all requests to Tomcat anyway with /*. But that's me. The HTTP connector on 8080 is already defined in server.xml. John -Original Message- From: G|nther Mittermayer [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Monday, December 16, 2002 10:35 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Almost there: Odd error in mod_jk.log :) Thanks for the * hint, just to make sure I'm not getting it all wrong: What I really wanted to do with this virtual host lines is to have Apache forward everything from port 8080 to worker_ajp13_1 and everything from port 8081 to to worker_ajp13_1. It seems I'm not getting it done with this configuration.. what am I doing wrong? (assuming I corrected the /*.* to /*..) thanks again. gunther From: Turner, John [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: Tomcat Users List [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: 'Tomcat Users List' [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Almost there: Odd error in mod_jk.log Date: Mon, 16 Dec 2002 10:25:45 -0500 Nope. As far as I know, mod_jk only supports one *. *.* is invalid. If you want to send everything to Tomcat (in which case Apache and mod_jk is redundant), you would use /*. Also, this is just my personal preference, but AFAIK ajp12 serves no purpose in workers.properties, it just adds clutter. Also, if you are going to define two workers for Tomcat, then you need to define a load balancer, otherwise the first worker will get all of the requests, which makes the second worker useless. For info on load-balancing (one Apache, multiple Tomcats), see http://www.ubeans.com/tomcat John -Original Message- From: G|nther Mittermayer [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Monday, December 16, 2002 10:20 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Almost there: Odd error in mod_jk.log Hi John, Here it goes: from my httpd.conf: VirtualHost 141.19.93.41:8080 ErrorLog logs/virtualhost1.log TransferLog logs/VH1access.log JkMount /*.* worker_ajp13_1 /VirtualHost VirtualHost 141.19.93.41:8081 Errorlog logs/virtualhost2.log TransferLog logs/VH2access.log JkMount /*.* worker_ajp13_2 /VirtualHost from my workers.properties: worker.list=ajp12, worker_ajp13_1, worker_ajp13_2 #ajp12 worker definition worker.ajp12.port=8007 worker.ajp12.host=localhost worker.ajp12.type=ajp12 # First ajp13 port definition *** worker.worker_ajp13_1.port=11005 worker.worker_ajp13_1.host=localhost worker.worker_ajp13_1.type=ajp13 # Second ajp13 port definition *** worker.worker_ajp13_2.port=11009 worker.worker_ajp13_2.host=localhost worker.worker_ajp13_2.type=ajp13 when I try to access http://localhost:8080/index.jsp shouldn't it access my tomcat directory files? should I also have virtual hosts defined in Tomcat? thanks. gunther From: Turner, John [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: Tomcat Users List [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: 'Tomcat Users List' [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Almost there: Odd error in mod_jk.log Date: Mon, 16 Dec 2002 10:04:12 -0500 What are your JkMount statements, and what are the contents of workers.properties? John -Original Message- From: G|nther Mittermayer [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Monday, December 16, 2002 9:07 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Almost there: Odd error in mod_jk.log Hi, I'm almost getting Apache and Tomcat to work
RE: Almost there: Odd error in mod_jk.log
John, If that's what you mean: Host name=141.19.93.41:8080 Context path=/ docBase=C:\Programme\Fogang\Vertmittlungsmodul\jakarta-tomcat-3.2.1\webapps\ROOT / /Host Host name=141.19.93.41:8081 Context path=/ docBase=C:\Programme\Fogang\Vertmittlungsmodul\jakarta-tomcat-3.2.1\webapps\ROOT2 / /Host then yes, I've done it. I guess I'll have to struggle a little more with Apache. Thanks anyway. :) gunther From: Turner, John [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: Tomcat Users List [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: 'Tomcat Users List' [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Almost there: Odd error in mod_jk.log Date: Mon, 16 Dec 2002 11:12:28 -0500 Sorry, didn't realize you had the config in your earlier messages. I came in this morning and there were 300 messages in my tomcat-user box, so I've been typing furiously trying to catch up. :) In the config you just posted, everything should work just fine, though I've never done it that way. All of my requests come in on port 80. The trick isn't the mod_jk config, the trick is getting Apache to separate each request...after that, the appropriate JkMount should take over. Putting the port number on the URL should work. If it isn't working, I would look at the absence of the ServerName as the culprit. Are there Host elements in server.xml that match Apache's virtual hosts? If Apache is sending something like 1.2.3.4 to Tomcat, Tomcat needs to be able to match that up to a Host in server.xml to understand which Context to serve. John -Original Message- From: G|nther Mittermayer [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Monday, December 16, 2002 11:05 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Almost there: Odd error in mod_jk.log Thanks again John, but the * were there just for testing purposes. When I migrate to production I'll have only the *.jsp directed. Sorry to insist, but I'm not sure I understood what you meant with the virtualhost example... by doing the following, am I not doing the same? If not, How would apache know,in your example, which connector to look for for each port? VirtualHost 141.19.93.41:8080 ErrorLog logs/virtualhost1.log TransferLog logs/VH1access.log JkMount /*.jsp worker_ajp13_1 /VirtualHost VirtualHost 141.19.93.41:8081 Errorlog logs/virtualhost2.log TransferLog logs/VH2access.log JkMount /*.jsp worker_ajp13_2 /VirtualHost tks, gunther -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] _ Add photos to your messages with MSN 8. Get 2 months FREE*. http://join.msn.com/?page=features/featuredemail -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
doubts and errors on Apache 1.3 and Tomcat 3.2.1
Hi All, i´ve been learning a lot about tomcat and apache on the last few weeks, but as every self-learner, i still have some conceptual doubts and misunderstandings... Any help or clearances are very much appreciated :). Well, here's my problem: A LITTLE BACKGROUND: I´m trying to get tomcat 3.2.1 to work with apache 1.3. Apache serves well the Port 80 pages but wont redirect the 8080 requests to Tomcat. The problem, as one would expect has something to do with JkMount. I've configured two virtual hosts in Apache with the two ports which I want to be served by tomcat (8080 and 8081). THE PROBLEM: if I place the Jkmount directives in the Virtualhosts section (at the end of httpd.conf), Apache gives me the following error: Syntax error on line 1036 of c:/programme/apache group/apache/conf/httpd.conf: Invalid command 'JkMount', perhaps mis-spelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration The virtual host lines in Apache are the following. VirtualHost 141.19.93.41:8080 DocumentRoot /htdocs ServerName http://ds41.dsp.fh-mannheim.de JkMount /*.* worker_ajp13_1 /VirtualHost VirtualHost 141.19.93.41:8081 DocumentRoot /htdocs ServerName http://ds41.dsp.fh-mannheim.de JkMount /*.* worker_ajp13_2 /VirtualHost The only way I was able to have the error gone is by placing the virtual hosts entries right after the LoadModule jk_module definition, i.e. before I include any other module. (Although in both cases I keep getting this silly log line : Cannot remove module mod_jk.c: not found in module list). Here are my loadmodule definitions for mod_jk (I haven't included the mod_jk.conf) LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.dll #AddModule mod_jk.c JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log JkLogLevel info THE QUESTIONS: Reading very carefully the last e-mails, I noticed I haven't got a couple of directives sugested to others: my server.xml file has no Listener entry, nor has it anything related to Coyote... Should it have, remembering I'm not working with tomcat4? thanks in advance for any hints.. gunther PS: Here goes my server.xml file: ?xml version=1.0 encoding=ISO-8859-1? Server !-- Debug low-level events in XmlMapper startup -- xmlmapper:debug level=0 / !-- Logging: Logging in Tomcat is quite flexible; we can either have a log file per module (example: ContextManager) or we can have one for Servlets and one for Jasper, or we can just have one tomcat.log for both Servlet and Jasper. Right now there are three standard log streams, tc_log, servlet_log, and JASPER_LOG. Path: The file to which to output this log, relative to TOMCAT_HOME. If you omit a path value, then stderr or stdout will be used. Verbosity: Threshold for which types of messages are displayed in the log. Levels are inclusive; that is, WARNING level displays any log message marked as warning, error, or fatal. Default level is WARNING. verbosityLevel values can be: FATAL ERROR WARNING INFORMATION DEBUG Timestamps: By default, logs print a timestamp in the form -MM-dd hh:mm:ss in front of each message. To disable timestamps completely, set 'timestamp=no'. To use the raw msec-since-epoch, which is more efficient, set 'timestampFormat=msec'. If you want a custom format, you can use 'timestampFormat=hh:mm:ss' following the syntax of java.text.SimpleDateFormat (see Javadoc API). For a production environment, we recommend turning timestamps off, or setting the format to msec. Custom Output: Custom means normal looking. Non-custom means surrounded with funny xml tags. In preparation for possibly disposing of custom altogether, now the default is 'custom=yes' (i.e. no tags) Per-component Debugging: Some components accept a debug attribute. This further enhances log output. If you set the debug level for a component, it may output extra debugging information. -- !-- if you don't want messages on screen, add the attribute path=logs/tomcat.log to the Logger element below -- Logger name=tc_log verbosityLevel = INFORMATION / Logger name=servlet_log path=C:\Programme\Fogang\Vertmittlungsmodul\jakarta-tomcat-3.2.1\logs\servlet.log / Logger name=JASPER_LOG path=C:\Programme\Fogang\Vertmittlungsmodul\jakarta-tomcat-3.2.1\logs\jasper.log verbosityLevel = INFORMATION / !-- You can add a home attribute to represent the base for all relative paths. If none is set, the TOMCAT_HOME property will be used, and if not set . will be used. webapps/, work/ and logs/ will be relative to this ( unless set explicitely to absolute paths ). You can also specify a randomClass attribute, which determines a subclass of java.util.Random will be used for generating session IDs. By default
Tomcat 3.2.1 + Apache 1.3 won´t work..
Hi all, I´ve been trying to set Tomcat and Apache to work together for some time, and after a couple of silly errors I got to a point where things seem to work, but Tomcat won't be called by Apache if I try to access a .jsp file.. I set up Apache to have two virtual hosts refering to two different ports (8080 and 8081) which point to two different workers. Static pages would be served by Apache. Does anyone see anything wrong I don't? Any help appreciated Thanks a lot :) --- Here are the lines in httpd.conf that should do that. LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.dll #I commented out #AddModule mod_jk.c JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log JkLogLevel info VirtualHost 141.19.93.41:8081 DocumentRoot /htdocs ServerName http://ds41.dsp.fh-mannheim.de JkMount /*.jsp worker_ajp13_1 /VirtualHost VirtualHost 141.19.93.41:8080 DocumentRoot /htdocs ServerName http://ds41.dsp.fh-mannheim.de JkMount /*.jsp worker_ajp13_2 /VirtualHost -- my workers.properties file settings are here: worker.list=ajp12, worker_13_1, worker_13_2 #ajp12 worker definition worker.ajp12.port=8007 worker.ajp12.host=localhost worker.ajp12.type=ajp12 # First ajp13 port definition *** worker.worker_ajp13_1.port=11005 worker.worker_ajp13_1.host=localhost worker.worker_ajp13_1.type=ajp13 # Second ajp13 port definition *** worker.worker_ajp13_2.port=11009 worker.worker_ajp13_2.host=localhost worker.worker_ajp13_2.type=ajp13 - and my server.xml settings are here: !-- Apache AJP12 support. This is also used to shut down tomcat.-- Connector className=org.apache.tomcat.service.PoolTcpConnector Parameter name=handler value=org.apache.tomcat.service.connector.Ajp12ConnectionHandler/ Parameter name=port value=8007/ /Connector !-- First AJP13 to listen to other ports *-- Connector className=org.apache.tomcat.service.PoolTcpConnector Parameter name=handler value=org.apache.tomcat.service.connector.Ajp13ConnectionHandler/ Parameter name=port value=11005/ /Connector !-- second AJP13 to listen to other ports *-- Connector className=org.apache.tomcat.service.PoolTcpConnector Parameter name=handler value=org.apache.tomcat.service.connector.Ajp13ConnectionHandler/ Parameter name=port value=11009/ /Connector _ MSN 8 helps eliminate e-mail viruses. Get 2 months FREE*. http://join.msn.com/?page=features/virus -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Tomcat 3.2.1 + Apache 1.3 won´t work..
Boy was that silly.. Sometimes looking too much at the same files doesn't allow us to see the simplest mistakes.. Thanks a lot Ralph!!! From: Ralph Einfeldt [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: Tomcat Users List [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: Tomcat Users List [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Tomcat 3.2.1 + Apache 1.3 won´t work.. Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2002 16:58:59 +0100 Your setup is not consistent: In the worker.list the names are missing the ajp -Original Message- From: Günther Mittermayer [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Thursday, December 12, 2002 4:41 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Tomcat 3.2.1 + Apache 1.3 won´t work.. JkMount /*.jsp worker_ajp13_1 JkMount /*.jsp worker_ajp13_2 worker.list=ajp12, worker_13_1, worker_13_2 worker.worker_ajp13_1.port=11005 worker.worker_ajp13_2.port=11009 -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] _ The new MSN 8: advanced junk mail protection and 2 months FREE* http://join.msn.com/?page=features/junkmail -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
