[Vo]:Re: DCE, PEC and TiH2
RE: [Vo]:Re: DCE, PEC and TiH2Jones-- Several additional observations/ideas: 1. If resonances are involved in the mechanism(s) for release of heat, getting two or more associated with different mechanisms to happen at the same time (or in a very short time) may be tough and be the reason why LENR is so difficult to replicate. However, this may be the necessary condition to allow exchange of energy within a coherent system which includes both nuclear and chemical bonds. 2. I have long thought that the Ockham’s razor dictum is only an empirical model—something like the Standard Model— It does not appear to hold as phenomena get complicated, particularly when reactions occur within the confines of a coherent system with many entities taking part. 3. Anharmonic phenomena are good examples of complexity in non-coherent systems that happen unexpectedly and take time to understand. Bob Cook From: Jones Beene Sent: Monday, May 02, 2016 8:21 AM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Subject: RE: [Vo]:Re: DCE, PEC and TiH2 From: Bob Cook If I understand the crux of your theory, there is a phase change going on that harvests energy from some source…In the cases where a plasma is apparent, what is the nature of the phase change you indicate is happening? Bob, One of the main problems with LENR from the start is that observers have desperately desired to streamline the appearance of excess heat down to a single cause/effect, preferably of a nuclear origin. In fact there could be multiple things going on in any one experiment, despite Ockham’s razor. Rarely does Ockham provide effective guidance in science. Things are always more complex, the closer your look and in fact the inverse of Ockham is more likely to be useful. These differing sub-effects of “hydrogen loaded metals” could be as many as six to ten independent phenomena, which can interact in such a way that excess heat happens, or endotherm happens, or transmutation happens, or excess heat happens in balance with endotherm and in several different ways and disappears unexpectedly… but none of these effects are guaranteed to be either independent or closely related. Yet, because of Ockham, many observers feel the overwhelming need to label it all under a single base cause, which includes fusion. My main point is that it is a mistake to try to shoehorn everything into any umbrella grouping: whether it be a cold-fusion category, or a Storms NAE effect or a Mills-effect category or a Holmlid-effect category … but this is what happens all the time. Plus, two or more categories can be interrelated at one level and independent on another level such that complexity alwasy prevails. But this predicament is not hopeless. When stripped down to basics, there is one effect which must precede all the others. It involves the “loading” of hydrogen or deuterium, for lack of a better word. It is possible to envision the “cyclical loading/unloading” effect which is highlighted in the Miley paper which was cited, as the simplest thermal anomaly of all. Yet this one is grouped into the LENR category despite having no nuclear nexus. Other effects may build on it in a nuclear way - since it is the most basic effect, but it should be understood on its own. This most basic loading/unloading effect is characterized by being: 1) Non-nuclear 2) Low COP for thermal gain - and in fact sometimes showing anomalous cooling 3) Limited to a narrow range of heat and pressure 4) Involves phase-change and a magnetic field interaction 5) Possibly involved in hydrogen densification, but only after an extended period of time 6) Generally ignored or missed as being relevant since it is a slow effect which can be endothermic or have a period of endotherm. I hope this post will serve as the start of a total and long overdue “de-Ockhamization” of LENR… J Jones
RE: [Vo]:Re: DCE, PEC and TiH2
From: Bob Cook If I understand the crux of your theory, there is a phase change going on that harvests energy from some source…In the cases where a plasma is apparent, what is the nature of the phase change you indicate is happening? Bob, One of the main problems with LENR from the start is that observers have desperately desired to streamline the appearance of excess heat down to a single cause/effect, preferably of a nuclear origin. In fact there could be multiple things going on in any one experiment, despite Ockham’s razor. Rarely does Ockham provide effective guidance in science. Things are always more complex, the closer your look and in fact the inverse of Ockham is more likely to be useful. These differing sub-effects of “hydrogen loaded metals” could be as many as six to ten independent phenomena, which can interact in such a way that excess heat happens, or endotherm happens, or transmutation happens, or excess heat happens in balance with endotherm and in several different ways and disappears unexpectedly… but none of these effects are guaranteed to be either independent or closely related. Yet, because of Ockham, many observers feel the overwhelming need to label it all under a single base cause, which includes fusion. My main point is that it is a mistake to try to shoehorn everything into any umbrella grouping: whether it be a cold-fusion category, or a Storms NAE effect or a Mills-effect category or a Holmlid-effect category … but this is what happens all the time. Plus, two or more categories can be interrelated at one level and independent on another level such that complexity alwasy prevails. But this predicament is not hopeless. When stripped down to basics, there is one effect which must precede all the others. It involves the “loading” of hydrogen or deuterium, for lack of a better word. It is possible to envision the “cyclical loading/unloading” effect which is highlighted in the Miley paper which was cited, as the simplest thermal anomaly of all. Yet this one is grouped into the LENR category despite having no nuclear nexus. Other effects may build on it in a nuclear way - since it is the most basic effect, but it should be understood on its own. This most basic loading/unloading effect is characterized by being: 1) Non-nuclear 2) Low COP for thermal gain - and in fact sometimes showing anomalous cooling 3) Limited to a narrow range of heat and pressure 4) Involves phase-change and a magnetic field interaction 5) Possibly involved in hydrogen densification, but only after an extended period of time 6) Generally ignored or missed as being relevant since it is a slow effect which can be endothermic or have a period of endotherm. I hope this post will serve as the start of a total and long overdue “de-Ockhamization” of LENR… :-) Jones
Re: [Vo]:Re: DCE, PEC and TiH2
On Mon, May 2, 2016 at 10:15 AM, Bob Cook wrote: me356’s Vortex-l email this morning is interesting in this > regard—particularly the purple glow in his quartz see-in reactor. It seems > like there may be a resonance of some sort there. Me356 notes that it > does not happen without tuning his control, whatever that is? > I'm still waiting for something of substance from me356. Up to now he has asserted on LENR Forum that he's seeing something interesting and posted a video/image or two that show his device in operation, but without data and only schematic details. The enthusiasm of people on LENR Forum is misplaced until he provides support for his claims. Eric
[Vo]:Re: DCE, PEC and TiH2
DCE, PEC and TiH2Jones-- If I understand the crux of your theory, there is a phase change going on that harvests energy from some source. In the cases where a plasma is apparent, what is the nature of the phase change you indicate is happening? Maybe the “plasmas” in some of the active experiments are really charged nano-scale particles, big enough to exhibit phases and stay together during changes. The same sort of thing may happen in a large molecule with changes associated with the left-right-handedness induced by a resonant magnetic or electric field. There might be a nuclear source of the extra energy as well as your suggestion of the creation of virtual photons by DCE. me356’s Vortex-l email this morning is interesting in this regard—particularly the purple glow in his quartz see-in reactor. It seems like there may be a resonance of some sort there. Me356 notes that it does not happen without tuning his control, whatever that is? The art of LENR is all important! Bob Cook From: Jones Beene Sent: Sunday, May 01, 2016 2:23 PM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Subject: RE: [Vo]:DCE, PEC and TiH2 One interesting detail to add: It is somewhat outrageous to imagine that cyclical loading/unloading of hydrogen into a hydride storage metal such as palladium - and that alone - can cause temperature increase in both directions. Mainstream physics, and most hands-on experimentation, teaches that there is symmetry and that conservation of energy prevails in such a common system - and that exotherm on loading is balanced by endotherm on unloading. But here is a understated paper found by Jack Cole, from a couple of years ago where George Miley, Xiaoling Yang and their postgrads at Illinois-Urbana manage to easily find and document a massive and glaring asymmetry with loading/unloading of deuterium in palladium… and hello… somehow the mainstream of physics manages to ignore the profound implications. Go figure. http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/nets2012/pdf/3051.pdf --- This is the first part of a formative hypothesis for anomalous thermal gain, which explains terminology and acronyms but does not dig deeply into Holmlid’s past work, nor into Mills, but instead presents a hybridized alternative to thermal gain. The gain is ostensibly non-nuclear so long as the laser is not used. The dynamical Casimir effect, DCE - is a proved relativistic effect of nanoscale geometry. It was first demonstrated in 2011 as a mechanism for anomalous energy gain involving photons being “created” (from virtual photons). Heretofore that type of gain has been too small to use in a practical device. Curiously, the DCE was first seen in Gothenburg, the home of Leif Holmlid, but the Professor has not yet seen the connection of DCE to hydrogen densification - nor to excess energy which will be presented here. This proposed route does not involve a vacuum or the laser per se, but is a new route using what is called PEC and would be powered by DCE. PEC is short for photo-electric-catalysis and is one of the hottest topics in chemistry these days, thanks to nano-geometry. PEC has been most often used to split water using solar radiation, but that is the tip of an iceberg of applications. PEC - at least as it will be used in this hypothesis, can be employed without vacuum condition - as the major pathway for hydrogen densification, leading to UDH or to an intermediate form of f/H (fractional hydrogen) operating in the gas phase (as opposed to plasma phase). PEC is boosted by the surface plasmon polariton, or else is intrinsic to SPP – but operates without the substantial ionization necessary for Mills version - which means low temperature operation. TiH2 is the nominal hydride of titanium when fully loaded, but the average amount of hydrogen per atom of Ti can vary substantially, causing major structural changes and stress in the packing arrangement of the crystal structure as the ratio changes. TiH(1.95) is a typical ratio as supplied commercially. Note that with palladium, the loading of hydrogen almost never gets to a full 1:1 but with Ti it is relatively easy to get to 2:1, but the important thing is that phase-change accompanies the various ratios, and this has profound thermal repercussions without invoking nuclear reactions. TiHx approaches stoichiometry as TiH2 and it wants to adopt a distorted body-centered tetragonal structure but there are at least two other phase structures “competing for space” along the way, and in a narrow range. At ratios of H:Ti which are between 1.5:1 and 1.9:1 this crystal can become unstable with respect to isothermal decomposition (dehydrogenation). The crystal can rapidly decompose even at room temperature until an approximate composition of TiH(1.74) is reached. Normally dehydrogenation is endothermic but some of the phases of titanium hydride are unique, and this points to eventual asymmetry. If
