Re: [apple-crop-2] Apple leaf disorder

[Daniel Cooley]

I agree with Kari’s analysis. Sounds like Marssonina. Bring or send some up if 
you’d like.

Dan


—
Daniel R. Cooley, Professor of Plant Pathology
Stockbridge School of Agriculture 
418 Paige Lab
161 Holdsworth Way
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003  
Office Phone: 413-577-3803  |  Cell: 413-531-3383 



> On Oct 9, 2018, at 7:52 PM, David Kollas  wrote:
> 
> Dan, Brian, Kari, Mo, and others:
> 
>   Having read your comments and links, I looked more closely at my 
> symptoms.  I was wrong about its association with yellow delicious breeding.  
> I can find it in Macoun, Empire, and many others.  The symptom common to all 
> that I looked at with magnifying
> glass was scattered dark blackish raised dots in the live or dead “spot” that 
> often retains its green color after surrounding areas have
> yellowed. I did not find any affected leaves that exhibited the concentric 
> bands noted in the 2012 blog, with click-enlarging photograph, by Dave 
> Rosenberger on Glomerella leaf spot.  Therefore I conclude it is not 
> Glomerella infection.  If it is Marssonina leaf spot, I would
> not expect it to have survived all the captan sprays I have administered. 
> Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck, in spite of all the favorable
> conditions for those diseases, are rare here at this time.  I suppose it 
> could have a physiological cause that made areas of the leaves
> susceptible to opportunist fungi, and some petri dish work in a lab might 
> isolate and identify those raised black dots. It is discouraging
> to loose the leaves before harvest, not knowing why, nor what could have been 
> done to avoid it,
> 
> David Kollas
> 
>   
>> 
> 
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Re: [apple-crop-2] Apple leaf disorder

[Daniel Cooley]

When this is on a Golden Delicious at this time of year after a summer like 
this, it’s likely that it’s necrotic leaf blotch. No pathogen has been 
associated with it, so we blame it on bad horticulture and call it a 
“physiological disorder”. It’s interesting that zinc and ziram applied in the 
summer will reduce the problem. 

https://articles.extension.org/pages/60614/golden-delicious-necrotic-leaf-blotch-in-apple-trees

This is one of a few problems that were relatively common in the Southeast and 
Mid-Atlantic, but that we didn’t see in New England until recently. We’ve also 
seen more black rot, bitter rot, and Marssonina leaf blotch. These are all 
fungal diseases, and I think they and NLB are all related to warmer night 
temperatures. I also think that we have seen the build-up of inoculum for the 
fungal problems over the past few seasons, and that it will more important to 
sanitation, copper and summer fungicides to keep them from building up to more 
significant levels. 

Marssonina leaf spot has been a growing problem, and it could be that. We 
identified last year and this year in a few orchards, and it has been found in 
eastern NY. Here’s an article from Srdjan Asimovic at the Hudson Valley Lab.

https://blogs.cornell.edu/acimoviclab/2018/09/24/marssonina-leaf-blotch-causes-apple-leaf-defoliation-where-cover-sprays-were-stretched-in-summer-2018/

We’ve had a lot of bitter rot and black rot on fruit. Theser are Glomerella 
leaf spot and frogeye leafspot, respectively, on leaves. 

From Dave Rosenberger a few years ago, GLS: 
https://blogs.cornell.edu/fruit/2012/08/31/glomerella-leaf-spot-a-new-disease-affecting-golden-delicious-apples-in-ny/

If you want to nail it down, you need to submit samples to a pathology lab.

Dan


> On Oct 9, 2018, at 12:35 PM, maurice tougas  
> wrote:
> 
> Yup seeing same here. No captan or phosphorous . Goldens but I don't recall 
> seeing on Jonagold. Ill check.
> 
> Mo Tougas
> 
> On Tue, Oct 9, 2018 at 12:26 PM David Kollas  > wrote:
>   The photo below, taken yesterday in my orchard, shows a Jonagold tree 
> among other Jonagold trees that
> are dropping leaves.  Severity varies from few to many leaves showing the 
> spots and leaf-drop on different trees.
> Similar, but less severe symptoms appear in other varieties that have yellow 
> delicious in their heritage.  I suspect 
> it to be a fungal infection, because the spots appear on green leaves, which 
> then turn yellow and drop.  Frequent 
> captan plus phosphorous acid sprays have been applied for sooty blotch in 
> recent weeks because of frequent rains
> and and infrequent appearances of the sun.
> 
>   I have seen similar, but less severe occurrences of the disorder in 
> other years, but would like to hear whether
> others are seeing it this year, or have knowledge of the causes and 
> prevention.
> 
> David Kollas
> Kollas Orchard
> Connecticut, USA
> 
> 
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> 
> 
> -- 
> Maurice Tougas
> Tougas Family Farm
> Northborough,MA 01532
> 508-450-0844
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Re: [Apple-Crop] Ideas on FB

[Daniel Cooley]

My guess is that it’s not so much the heat as the humidity, Kevin. I think when 
you get as dry as it gets in Riverside on a hot day, it may indeed kill off the 
epiphytic bacteria, and make further transmission difficult. Today and tomorrow 
it looks like your dewpoint is 47 to 52 F (8 to 11 Vincent), and RH dips to 
nearly 20%!  Perhaps the heat/water stress also stops progress in infected 
tress. 

Dan

> On May 22, 2017, at 12:36 PM, Vincent Philion  
> wrote:
> 
> Hi!
> 
> it would be interesting to define “cool” in the southern California context. 
> ;-)
> 
> Temperature in the mid-90 (35 ℃ for the rest of the planet) (or more) clearly 
> isn’t favorable for blight. Flowers age faster at that temperature, while the 
> bacteria is slowed down.
> 
> Plus, if the trees are under water stress the bacteria can’t progress 
> normally.
> 
> Your “cool” is our “warm” and that’s why we struggle with FB, but also scab 
> and CM.
> 
> Vincent
> 
> 
> 
>> Le 22 mai 2017 à 00:29, kuffelcr...@kuffelcreek.com a écrit :
>> 
>> A long, cool spring here in Southern California allowed quite a few FB
>> strikes, three days in the low to mid-90's stopped it in its tracks. 
>> Formerly limp shoots with sticky ooze and now crispy and dry, and pruned
>> stumps do not get re-infection.  That's all I'll see of it until next
>> spring, weeks of 100+ weather and 5% humidity sees to that.  Unfortunately
>> it doesn't slow down the CM a bit, which is my next nemesis on the
>> calendar.
>> 
>> Kevin Hauser
>> Kuffel Creek Apple Nursery
>> Riverside, California
>> Nakifuma, Uganda
>> 
>> On Mon, 22 May 2017 02:45:06 + (UTC), lee elliott 
>> wrote:
>>> For the first year ever I havent seen any FB here is western Illinois,
>>> could it be th 86 degree days we had burned it out, I believe FB burns
>> out
>>> after a few hot days, some dont believe this but experience has taught
>> me
>>> it is true, Shoot bligt and root sucker blight has allways been a
>> problem,
>>> I am sceptical that these antobiotic sprays work at all, only good for
>> the
>>> blooms and chemical dealers, Copper does work well on young hursery and
>>> non-bearing trees that get shoot blight where your not woried about
>> fruit
>>> finish, My person opiniion, low soil levels of copper, (do a leaf
>> anayisis)
>>> make the tree stressed and contribute to FB. Just my 2 cents worth, Lee
>>> Elliott, Upstart Nursery, Winchester Illinois
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Re: [Apple-Crop] Serenade

[Daniel Cooley]

Norm Lalancette did some tests on peaches. It didn’t work.

Dan


> On Mar 31, 2017, at 5:42 PM, Arthur Kelly  wrote:
> 
> Does anyone have any experience with Serenade for brown rot?
> 
> Sent from my iPhone
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Re: [Apple-Crop] Brown rot

[Daniel Cooley]

I agree with Jon and David Doud. A dry year with no crop will knock down the 
initial inoculum this coming year, decreasing brown rot pressure at the start 
of the season relative to most years. But it doesn’t take long for the brown 
rot fungus to build up again, and with a few old twig cankers active in a block 
during a relatively wet bloom period, I’d expect plenty of infections without 
fungicide sprays. It should be some easier to control BR this year, but I’d 
approach it as you would any season.

Dan


> On Jan 8, 2017, at 12:25 PM, Jon Clements  wrote:
> 
> I think it's like apple scab -- not a bad year last year, but I am betting 
> most are not going to slack off too much on fungicide sprays if it's wet. 
> Ditto for brown rot if there are peaches and wet weather...
> 
> :-)
> 
> On Sun, Jan 8, 2017 at 12:16 PM, Franklyn Carlson 
> > wrote:
> Art:
> 
> You had a much larger crop than we did……. 0 peaches & 0 nectarines.
> 
> We did a minimal spray program last year, but are planning to be ready for 
> anything this year.  Bruce did the fall copper spray & we are planning on the 
> spring copper spray, and then be as preventative as we can be for brown rot.  
> Let’s hope we get a crop this year.
> 
> Frank
> 
>  
> 
>  
> 
>  
> 
>  
> 
> From: apple-crop [mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.com 
> ] On Behalf Of kellyorchards
> Sent: Saturday, January 7, 2017 10:22 AM
> To: Apple-Crop  >
> Subject: [Apple-Crop] Brown rot
> 
>  
> 
> Does anyone have any insights to offer regarding brown rot following a dry, 
> crop failure year.  The five peaches we did produce won the blue ribbon at 
> the local fair (only entry).
> 
>  
> 
>  
> 
>  
> 
>  
> 
> Art Kelly
> Kelly Orchards
> Acton, Maine
> 
> 
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> 
> 
> 
> 
> -- 
> Jon Clements
> aka 'Mr Honeycrisp'
> University of Massachusetts Amherst Extension
> UMass Cold Spring Orchard
> 393 Sabin St.
> Belchertown, MA  01007
> 413-478-7219
> umassfruit.com 
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Re: [Apple-Crop] Pristine fungicide

[Daniel Cooley]

Send some of that weather our way! Southern New England increasingly feels and 
looks like Southern California or Eastern Washington this summer.


> On Jul 26, 2016, at 11:40 AM, Kushad, Mosbah M  wrote:
> 
> Make sure to keep the material in a dry area as the weight will vary with the 
> amount of moisture..  With the soupy weather we are having in the Midwest 
> these days, you may not need to add water!! 
> 
> -Original Message-
> From: apple-crop [mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.com] On Behalf Of 
> David Doud
> Sent: Tuesday, July 26, 2016 10:36 AM
> To: Apple-Crop discussion list
> Subject: Re: [Apple-Crop] Pristine fungicide
> 
> Thanks - I’ve got a balance scale, I’ll get out my grams to ounces conversion 
> table and convert one of my surplus devices to Pristine - D
> 
> 
>> On Jul 26, 2016, at 11:21 AM, Smith, Timothy J  wrote:
>> 
>> Hi David,
>> 
>> The dry formulations are measured by weight, liquid by volume.  Both vary by 
>> specific weight, so the handy measuring device that comes with various 
>> granular materials is for the intended product  only.   There are relatively 
>> cheap, but accurate postage scales that you can purchase at an office supply 
>> store.   You can weigh the product once accurately and pour it into an 
>> appropriate volume measuring cup, and determine the volume that matches the 
>> weight that  is recommended per tank load. Put a mark with a permanent ink 
>> on your measuring device, measure up to that mark at each filling, and spray 
>> away.
>> 
>> Tim Smith
>> WSU emeritus (semi- retired)
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> -Original Message-
>> From: apple-crop [mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.com] On Behalf Of 
>> David Doud
>> Sent: Tuesday, July 26, 2016 8:08 AM
>> To: apple-crop@virtualorchard.com
>> Subject: [Apple-Crop] Pristine fungicide
>> 
>> I received a chemical delivery yesterday that included a jug of Pristine 
>> fungicide - I expected to receive a measuring cup with it similar to what is 
>> supplied with Assail and various other ‘chicken feed’ style chemicals, but 
>> no measurer was supplied - 
>> 
>> So - is it appropriate to use a standard liquid measuring cup to dole out 
>> the chemical? - how about the Assail measurer? I’ve never checked any of 
>> these manufacturer suppled measuring devices against each other, do they 
>> measure volume or weight? 
>> 
>> thanks -
>> David Doud - grower, Indiana
>> about a week away from skimming some Earligold and Redfree apples - I will 
>> skim a few Red Haven peaches this evening or tomorrow - retail is about to 
>> begin - ___
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