Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity
Hi Art See paragraph in last newsletter. Bottom line is sugar should also increase efficacy of Assail and possibly Delegate against AM but nobody knows if there would be other problems created by spraying sugar on apples. I find the slow start to AM catches perplexing. Only speculation I have to explain it is that they suffered high mortality in winter. But that might be wishful thinking. Next few weeks will tell. - Glen On Sun, Aug 4, 2013 at 8:45 AM, Arthur Kelly kellyorcha...@gmail.comwrote: There is a recommendation to add sugar when making an application of Assail for SWD on berries to stimulate feeding. 1-2 lbs per hundred gal. What about for apples when using Assail or Delegate for instance? My understanding is that when first emerged the flies feed. FYI we trapped the first AM fly on 8/2 here. Only one on five traps. Art Kelly Kelly Orchards Acton, ME On Fri, Aug 2, 2013 at 1:33 PM, David Kollas kol...@sbcglobal.net wrote: Thank you, Art. It is always better to know whether the most-informed have the answers; or whether, instead, they are not sure either. The uncertainty that Reissig expressed in his paper of 2003 apparently continues now ten years later. In that paper he indicated the need for additional research to assess practical aspects of replacing organophosphates with newer chemistries in commercial orchards. A practical aspect of using Calyso or Assail in leu of Imidan that is separate from their mode of action on Apple Maggot, is the question of how to incorporate them into a label-compliant resistance-management program that includes control of many pests in addition to Apple Maggot. David On Aug 2, 2013, at 11:53 AM, Arthur M. Agnello wrote: Hi David, Harvey Reissig did a study on the efficacy of some of the newer products against apple maggot, and published it some years ago: Reissig, W. Harvey. 2003. Field and Laboratory Tests of New Insecticides Against the Apple Maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 96 (5): 1463-1472 — I will send you a pdf of it in a separate email. However, his general findings were that there are no new insecticides that are as effective in controlling AM as the organophosphates, particularly in “high pressure situations”. It is also true that most of the new materials are not as directly toxic to the flies as the OPs, and the efficacy of many these new materials appears to be due to their ability to prevent flies from ovipositing as long as they are in contact with their residues. We really don’t know the mechanism of this mode of action, but in many laboratory bioassays the flies will not lay eggs on treated apples, although they remain alive. So far, we would say that in most normal US orchards, which are presumed to be initially free from internal AM infestations and are not near abandoned orchards and other large sources of unsprayed host trees, we have not seen control failures or even increased damage in orchards that are not treated with organophosphates, although AM catches in monitoring traps placed along the edges of these orchards appears to be higher than when they were sprayed with organophosphates. As far as efficacy, Calypso is definitely the most effective of the new insecticides, followed by Assail. Delegate and Altacor also have some activity, but would probably not provide control in orchards with internal infestations or those that are near heavy unsprayed sources of infestations. Art -- Arthur M. Agnello Professor and Extension Tree Fruit Entomologist Dept. of Entomologya...@cornell.edu N.Y.S. Agric. Expt. Sta.Tel: 315-787-2341 630 W. North St. Fax: 315-787-2326 Geneva, NY 14456-1371 http://web.entomology.cornell.edu/agnello/links.html Scaffolds Fruit Journal online: http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/index.html From: Dave Kollas kol...@sbcglobal.net Reply-To: Apple-crop discussion list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net Date: Fri, Aug 2 10:44 AM To: Apple-crop discussion list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net Subject: Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity Thank you for that, Peter. I suppose that if the systemic activity of neonics is sufficient to kill Apple Maggot eggs or larvae during a (two week?) period after application, and up to 2 inches rainfall, they could be expected to be as good as Imidan or Guthion, regardless of whether the adults are killed by fruit or foliar contact. Or, perhaps female flies are killed by ovipositor contact with systemic neonic during egg insertion? My guess is that such studies have not been made. David Kollas On Aug 2, 2013, at 8:55 AM, Peter J. Jentsch wrote: Hi David, John Wise, **Michigan State University, Department of Entomology, wrote a very nice piece on the 'Rainfast characteristics of fruit crop
Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity
I've also wondered about the negative effects of spraying sugar on fruit, seems like it wouldn't much different than honeydew caused by pear psylla or aphids causing sooty mold. Read recently that some growers were having excellent results with a 5 lbs per 100 gallons white sugar spray to repel birds on apples, grapes and blueberries! Apparently birds can't digest the sugar, it makes them sick and they don't come back. Seems like it might be a great research opportunity for someone. Bill Fleming Montana State University Western Ag Research Center 580 Quast Lane Corvallis, MT 59828 From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net [mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Glen Koehler Sent: Monday, August 05, 2013 6:36 AM To: Apple-crop discussion list Subject: Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity Hi Art See paragraph in last newsletter. Bottom line is sugar should also increase efficacy of Assail and possibly Delegate against AM but nobody knows if there would be other problems created by spraying sugar on apples. I find the slow start to AM catches perplexing. Only speculation I have to explain it is that they suffered high mortality in winter. But that might be wishful thinking. Next few weeks will tell. - Glen On Sun, Aug 4, 2013 at 8:45 AM, Arthur Kelly kellyorcha...@gmail.commailto:kellyorcha...@gmail.com wrote: There is a recommendation to add sugar when making an application of Assail for SWD on berries to stimulate feeding. 1-2 lbs per hundred gal. What about for apples when using Assail or Delegate for instance? My understanding is that when first emerged the flies feed. FYI we trapped the first AM fly on 8/2 here. Only one on five traps. Art Kelly Kelly Orchards Acton, ME On Fri, Aug 2, 2013 at 1:33 PM, David Kollas kol...@sbcglobal.netmailto:kol...@sbcglobal.net wrote: Thank you, Art. It is always better to know whether the most-informed have the answers; or whether, instead, they are not sure either. The uncertainty that Reissig expressed in his paper of 2003 apparently continues now ten years later. In that paper he indicated the need for additional research to assess practical aspects of replacing organophosphates with newer chemistries in commercial orchards. A practical aspect of using Calyso or Assail in leu of Imidan that is separate from their mode of action on Apple Maggot, is the question of how to incorporate them into a label-compliant resistance-management program that includes control of many pests in addition to Apple Maggot. David On Aug 2, 2013, at 11:53 AM, Arthur M. Agnello wrote: Hi David, Harvey Reissig did a study on the efficacy of some of the newer products against apple maggot, and published it some years ago: Reissig, W. Harvey. 2003. Field and Laboratory Tests of New Insecticides Against the Apple Maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 96 (5): 1463-1472 - I will send you a pdf of it in a separate email. However, his general findings were that there are no new insecticides that are as effective in controlling AM as the organophosphates, particularly in high pressure situations. It is also true that most of the new materials are not as directly toxic to the flies as the OPs, and the efficacy of many these new materials appears to be due to their ability to prevent flies from ovipositing as long as they are in contact with their residues. We really don't know the mechanism of this mode of action, but in many laboratory bioassays the flies will not lay eggs on treated apples, although they remain alive. So far, we would say that in most normal US orchards, which are presumed to be initially free from internal AM infestations and are not near abandoned orchards and other large sources of unsprayed host trees, we have not seen control failures or even increased damage in orchards that are not treated with organophosphates, although AM catches in monitoring traps placed along the edges of these orchards appears to be higher than when they were sprayed with organophosphates. As far as efficacy, Calypso is definitely the most effective of the new insecticides, followed by Assail. Delegate and Altacor also have some activity, but would probably not provide control in orchards with internal infestations or those that are near heavy unsprayed sources of infestations. Art -- Arthur M. Agnello Professor and Extension Tree Fruit Entomologist Dept. of Entomology a...@cornell.edumailto:a...@cornell.edu N.Y.S. Agric. Expt. Sta.Tel: 315-787-2341tel:315-787-2341 630 W. North St. Fax: 315-787-2326tel:315-787-2326 Geneva, NY 14456-1371 http://web.entomology.cornell.edu/agnello/links.html Scaffolds Fruit Journal online: http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/index.html From: Dave Kollas kol...@sbcglobal.netmailto:kol...@sbcglobal.net
Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity
I still think that water saturated ground will drown them. They need oxygen to survive, even in the soil. On Aug 5, 2013, at 8:35 AM, Glen Koehler wrote: Hi Art See paragraph in last newsletter. Bottom line is sugar should also increase efficacy of Assail and possibly Delegate against AM but nobody knows if there would be other problems created by spraying sugar on apples. I find the slow start to AM catches perplexing. Only speculation I have to explain it is that they suffered high mortality in winter. But that might be wishful thinking. Next few weeks will tell. - Glen On Sun, Aug 4, 2013 at 8:45 AM, Arthur Kelly kellyorcha...@gmail.com wrote: There is a recommendation to add sugar when making an application of Assail for SWD on berries to stimulate feeding. 1-2 lbs per hundred gal. What about for apples when using Assail or Delegate for instance? My understanding is that when first emerged the flies feed. FYI we trapped the first AM fly on 8/2 here. Only one on five traps. Art Kelly Kelly Orchards Acton, ME On Fri, Aug 2, 2013 at 1:33 PM, David Kollas kol...@sbcglobal.net wrote: Thank you, Art. It is always better to know whether the most-informed have the answers; or whether, instead, they are not sure either. The uncertainty that Reissig expressed in his paper of 2003 apparently continues now ten years later. In that paper he indicated the need for additional research to assess practical aspects of replacing organophosphates with newer chemistries in commercial orchards. A practical aspect of using Calyso or Assail in leu of Imidan that is separate from their mode of action on Apple Maggot, is the question of how to incorporate them into a label-compliant resistance-management program that includes control of many pests in addition to Apple Maggot. David On Aug 2, 2013, at 11:53 AM, Arthur M. Agnello wrote: Hi David, Harvey Reissig did a study on the efficacy of some of the newer products against apple maggot, and published it some years ago: Reissig, W. Harvey. 2003. Field and Laboratory Tests of New Insecticides Against the Apple Maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 96 (5): 1463-1472 — I will send you a pdf of it in a separate email. However, his general findings were that there are no new insecticides that are as effective in controlling AM as the organophosphates, particularly in “high pressure situations”. It is also true that most of the new materials are not as directly toxic to the flies as the OPs, and the efficacy of many these new materials appears to be due to their ability to prevent flies from ovipositing as long as they are in contact with their residues. We really don’t know the mechanism of this mode of action, but in many laboratory bioassays the flies will not lay eggs on treated apples, although they remain alive. So far, we would say that in most normal US orchards, which are presumed to be initially free from internal AM infestations and are not near abandoned orchards and other large sources of unsprayed host trees, we have not seen control failures or even increased damage in orchards that are not treated with organophosphates, although AM catches in monitoring traps placed along the edges of these orchards appears to be higher than when they were sprayed with organophosphates. As far as efficacy, Calypso is definitely the most effective of the new insecticides, followed by Assail. Delegate and Altacor also have some activity, but would probably not provide control in orchards with internal infestations or those that are near heavy unsprayed sources of infestations. Art -- Arthur M. Agnello Professor and Extension Tree Fruit Entomologist Dept. of Entomologya...@cornell.edu N.Y.S. Agric. Expt. Sta.Tel: 315-787-2341 630 W. North St. Fax: 315-787-2326 Geneva, NY 14456-1371 http://web.entomology.cornell.edu/agnello/links.html Scaffolds Fruit Journal online: http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/index.html From: Dave Kollas kol...@sbcglobal.net Reply-To: Apple-crop discussion list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net Date: Fri, Aug 2 10:44 AM To: Apple-crop discussion list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net Subject: Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity Thank you for that, Peter. I suppose that if the systemic activity of neonics is sufficient to kill Apple Maggot eggs or larvae during a (two week?) period after application, and up to 2 inches rainfall, they could be expected to be as good as Imidan or Guthion, regardless of whether the adults are killed by fruit or foliar contact. Or, perhaps female flies are killed by ovipositor contact with systemic neonic during egg insertion? My guess is that such studies have not
Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity
What about mating disruption for LAW? Lorraine Los Retired UConn IPM Specialist On Aug 5, 2013, at 1:06 PM, David Kollas kol...@sbcglobal.net wrote: Glen: My glee at the minimal captures of Apple Maggot on this farm is tempered by my history of Lesser Appleworm. It has produced significant damage to fruit when I have omitted insecticide in August. Now I am thinking that LAW traps may be needed to justify the insecticide. David Kollas Kollas Orchard Tolland, CT On Aug 5, 2013, at 8:35 AM, Glen Koehler glen.koeh...@maine.edu wrote: Hi Art See paragraph in last newsletter. Bottom line is sugar should also increase efficacy of Assail and possibly Delegate against AM but nobody knows if there would be other problems created by spraying sugar on apples. I find the slow start to AM catches perplexing. Only speculation I have to explain it is that they suffered high mortality in winter. But that might be wishful thinking. Next few weeks will tell. - Glen On Sun, Aug 4, 2013 at 8:45 AM, Arthur Kelly kellyorcha...@gmail.com wrote: There is a recommendation to add sugar when making an application of Assail for SWD on berries to stimulate feeding. 1-2 lbs per hundred gal. What about for apples when using Assail or Delegate for instance? My understanding is that when first emerged the flies feed. FYI we trapped the first AM fly on 8/2 here. Only one on five traps. Art Kelly Kelly Orchards Acton, ME On Fri, Aug 2, 2013 at 1:33 PM, David Kollas kol...@sbcglobal.net wrote: Thank you, Art. It is always better to know whether the most-informed have the answers; or whether, instead, they are not sure either. The uncertainty that Reissig expressed in his paper of 2003 apparently continues now ten years later. In that paper he indicated the need for additional research to assess practical aspects of replacing organophosphates with newer chemistries in commercial orchards. A practical aspect of using Calyso or Assail in leu of Imidan that is separate from their mode of action on Apple Maggot, is the question of how to incorporate them into a label-compliant resistance-management program that includes control of many pests in addition to Apple Maggot. David On Aug 2, 2013, at 11:53 AM, Arthur M. Agnello wrote: Hi David, Harvey Reissig did a study on the efficacy of some of the newer products against apple maggot, and published it some years ago: Reissig, W. Harvey. 2003. Field and Laboratory Tests of New Insecticides Against the Apple Maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 96 (5): 1463-1472 — I will send you a pdf of it in a separate email. However, his general findings were that there are no new insecticides that are as effective in controlling AM as the organophosphates, particularly in “high pressure situations”. It is also true that most of the new materials are not as directly toxic to the flies as the OPs, and the efficacy of many these new materials appears to be due to their ability to prevent flies from ovipositing as long as they are in contact with their residues. We really don’t know the mechanism of this mode of action, but in many laboratory bioassays the flies will not lay eggs on treated apples, although they remain alive. So far, we would say that in most normal US orchards, which are presumed to be initially free from internal AM infestations and are not near abandoned orchards and other large sources of unsprayed host trees, we have not seen control failures or even increased damage in orchards that are not treated with organophosphates, although AM catches in monitoring traps placed along the edges of these orchards appears to be higher than when they were sprayed with organophosphates. As far as efficacy, Calypso is definitely the most effective of the new insecticides, followed by Assail. Delegate and Altacor also have some activity, but would probably not provide control in orchards with internal infestations or those that are near heavy unsprayed sources of infestations. Art -- Arthur M. Agnello Professor and Extension Tree Fruit Entomologist Dept. of Entomologya...@cornell.edu N.Y.S. Agric. Expt. Sta.Tel: 315-787-2341 630 W. North St. Fax: 315-787-2326 Geneva, NY 14456-1371 http://web.entomology.cornell.edu/agnello/links.html Scaffolds Fruit Journal online: http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/index.html From: Dave Kollas kol...@sbcglobal.net Reply-To: Apple-crop discussion list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net Date: Fri, Aug 2 10:44 AM To: Apple-crop discussion list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net Subject: Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity Thank you for that, Peter. I suppose that if the systemic activity of neonics
