I've also wondered about the negative effects of spraying sugar on fruit, seems like it wouldn't much different than honeydew caused by pear psylla or aphids causing sooty mold. Read recently that some growers were having excellent results with a 5 lbs per 100 gallons white sugar spray to repel birds on apples, grapes and blueberries! Apparently birds can't digest the sugar, it makes them sick and they don't come back. Seems like it might be a great research opportunity for someone.
Bill Fleming Montana State University Western Ag Research Center 580 Quast Lane Corvallis, MT 59828 From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Glen Koehler Sent: Monday, August 05, 2013 6:36 AM To: Apple-crop discussion list Subject: Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity Hi Art See paragraph in last newsletter. Bottom line is sugar should also increase efficacy of Assail and possibly Delegate against AM but nobody knows if there would be other problems created by spraying sugar on apples. I find the slow start to AM catches perplexing. Only speculation I have to explain it is that they suffered high mortality in winter. But that might be wishful thinking. Next few weeks will tell. - Glen On Sun, Aug 4, 2013 at 8:45 AM, Arthur Kelly <[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>> wrote: There is a recommendation to add sugar when making an application of Assail for SWD on berries to stimulate feeding. 1-2 lbs per hundred gal. What about for apples when using Assail or Delegate for instance? My understanding is that when first emerged the flies feed. FYI we trapped the first AM fly on 8/2 here. Only one on five traps. Art Kelly Kelly Orchards Acton, ME On Fri, Aug 2, 2013 at 1:33 PM, David Kollas <[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>> wrote: Thank you, Art. It is always better to know whether the most-informed have the answers; or whether, instead, they are not sure either. The uncertainty that Reissig expressed in his paper of 2003 apparently continues now ten years later. In that paper he indicated the need for additional research to assess practical aspects of replacing organophosphates with newer chemistries in commercial orchards. A practical aspect of using Calyso or Assail in leu of Imidan that is separate from their mode of action on Apple Maggot, is the question of how to incorporate them into a label-compliant resistance-management program that includes control of many pests in addition to Apple Maggot. David On Aug 2, 2013, at 11:53 AM, Arthur M. Agnello wrote: Hi David, Harvey Reissig did a study on the efficacy of some of the newer products against apple maggot, and published it some years ago: Reissig, W. Harvey. 2003. Field and Laboratory Tests of New Insecticides Against the Apple Maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 96 (5): 1463-1472 - I will send you a pdf of it in a separate email. However, his general findings were that there are no new insecticides that are as effective in controlling AM as the organophosphates, particularly in "high pressure situations". It is also true that most of the new materials are not as directly toxic to the flies as the OPs, and the efficacy of many these new materials appears to be due to their ability to prevent flies from ovipositing as long as they are in contact with their residues. We really don't know the mechanism of this mode of action, but in many laboratory bioassays the flies will not lay eggs on treated apples, although they remain alive. So far, we would say that in most normal US orchards, which are presumed to be initially free from internal AM infestations and are not near abandoned orchards and other large sources of unsprayed host trees, we have not seen control failures or even increased damage in orchards that are not treated with organophosphates, although AM catches in monitoring traps placed along the edges of these orchards appears to be higher than when they were sprayed with organophosphates. As far as efficacy, Calypso is definitely the most effective of the new insecticides, followed by Assail. Delegate and Altacor also have some activity, but would probably not provide control in orchards with internal infestations or those that are near heavy unsprayed sources of infestations. Art -- Arthur M. Agnello Professor and Extension Tree Fruit Entomologist Dept. of Entomology [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> N.Y.S. Agric. Expt. Sta. Tel: 315-787-2341<tel:315-787-2341> 630 W. North St. Fax: 315-787-2326<tel:315-787-2326> Geneva, NY 14456-1371 http://web.entomology.cornell.edu/agnello/links.html Scaffolds Fruit Journal online: http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/index.html From: Dave Kollas <[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>> Reply-To: Apple-crop discussion list <[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>> Date: Fri, Aug 2 10:44 AM To: Apple-crop discussion list <[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>> Subject: Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity Thank you for that, Peter. I suppose that if the systemic activity of neonics is sufficient to kill Apple Maggot eggs or larvae during a (two week?) period after application, and up to 2 inches rainfall, they could be expected to be as good as Imidan or Guthion, regardless of whether the adults are killed by fruit or foliar contact. Or, perhaps female flies are killed by ovipositor contact with systemic neonic during egg insertion? My guess is that such studies have not been made. David Kollas On Aug 2, 2013, at 8:55 AM, Peter J. Jentsch wrote: Hi David, John Wise, Michigan State University, Department of Entomology, wrote a very nice piece on the 'Rainfast characteristics of fruit crop insecticides' that might help to answer these questions. It was posted on June 3, 2013. http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/rainfast_characteristics_of_fruit_crop_insecticides All the best, Peter J. Jentsch Senior Extension Associate - Entomology Department of Entomology Cornell University's Hudson Valley Lab P.O. Box 727, 3357 Rt. 9W Highland, NY 12528 Office: 845-691-7151<tel:845-691-7151> Cell: 845-417-7465<tel:845-417-7465> FAX: 845-691-2719<tel:845-691-2719> E-mail: [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> http://hudsonvf.cce.cornell.edu/bmsb1.html http://web.entomology.cornell.edu/jentsch/links.html ________________________________ From: [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> [[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>] on behalf of David Kollas [[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>] Sent: Wednesday, July 31, 2013 8:50 PM To: [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> Subject: [apple-crop] Fwd: Residual pesticide activity Perhaps the sending address I used this morning was wrong. I am trying another now. Begin forwarded message: From: David Kollas <[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>> Date: July 31, 2013 9:08:52 AM EDT To: Apple-crop discussion list <[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>> Bcc: Kollas David <[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>> Subject: Residual pesticide activity All: Surely others know the answer to this question. I must have missed it somewhere. Does the systemic activity of absorbed neonicotinoid sprays Assail and Calypso replace the surface residual that continues to kill Apple Maggot flies entering an Imidan or Guthion-treated orchard days after the application? Do the neonics provide residual control only by systemic tissue-presence which the insect must consume? Or do Apple Maggot flies get enough active ingredient through their "feet" to kill them on days-old neonic treatments? The question is relevant in choosing whether, and what pesticide to apply prior to forecast thunderstorms that can remove surface residues. David Kollas Kollas Orchard, Tolland, CT _______________________________________________ apple-crop mailing list [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop _______________________________________________ apple-crop mailing list [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop _______________________________________________ apple-crop mailing list [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop -- Art Kelly Kelly Orchards Acton, ME _______________________________________________ apple-crop mailing list [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop -- Glen Koehler University of Maine Cooperative Extension Pest Management Office Voice: 207-581-3882 491 College Avenue, Orono, ME 04473
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