Re: [CODE4LIB] rdf serialization
Hi Eric,
Complex ideas that span multiple triples are often expressed through SPARQL. In
other words, you store a soup of triple statements and the SPARQL query
traverses the triples and presents the resulting information in a variety of
formats, much in the same way you’d query a database using JOINs and present
the resulting data on a single Web page.
Using your graph, this SPARQL query should return the work and the gender of
the work's creator:
PREFIX dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/
PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
SELECT ?work ?gender
WHERE {
?work dc:created ?creator .
?creator foaf:gender ?gender .
}
If you want to explicitly state that the Declaration of Independence was
written by a male, you would need a predicate that’s set up to do that,
something that takes a work as its domain and has a range of a gender. It would
also help to have a class for gender. That way, you could have a triple
statement like this:
http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79-89957
foaf:name “Thomas Jefferson”
a :Male .
and you could infer that if:
http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration_transcript.html
dc:creator http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79-89957 .
The creator of the Declaration is of class :Male:
http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration_transcript.html
:createdByGender :Male
All the best,
Aaron Rubinstein
On Nov 3, 2013, at 12:00 AM, Eric Lease Morgan emor...@nd.edu wrote:
How can I write an RDF serialization enabling me to express the fact that the
United States Declaration Of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson and
Thomas Jefferson was a male? (And thus asserting that the Declaration of
Independence was written by a male.)
Suppose I have the following assertion:
rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf=http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#;
xmlns:dc=http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/;
!-- the Declaration Of Independence was authored by Thomas Jefferson --
rdf:Description
rdf:about=http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration_transcript.html;
dc:creatorhttp://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79-89957/dc:creator
/rdf:Description
/rdf:RDF
Suppose I have a second assertion:
rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf=http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#;
xmlns:foaf=http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/;
!-- Thomas Jefferson was a male --
rdf:Description
rdf:about=http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79-89957;
foaf:gendermale/foaf:gender
/rdf:Description
/rdf:RDF
Now suppose a cool Linked Data robot came along and harvested my RDF/XML.
Moreover lets assume the robot could make the logical conclusion that the
Declaration was written by a male. How might the robot express this fact in
RDF/XML? The following is my first attempt at such an expression, but the
resulting graph (attached) doesn't seem to visually express what I really
want:
rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf=http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#”
xmlns:foaf=http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/“
xmlns:dc=http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/“
rdf:Description
rdf:about=http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79-89957;
foaf:gendermale/foaf:gender
/rdf:Description
rdf:Description
rdf:about=http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration_transcript.html;
dc:creatorhttp://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79-89957/dc:creator
/rdf:Description
/rdf:RDF
Am I doing something wrong? How might you encode such the following
expression — The Declaration Of Independence was authored by Thomas
Jefferson, and Thomas Jefferson was a male. And therefore, the Declaration Of
Independence was authored by a male named Thomas Jefferson? Maybe RDF can not
express this fact because it requires two predicates in a single expression,
and this the expression would not be a triple but rather a “quadrile —
object, predicate #1, subject/object, predicate #2, and subject?
—
Eric Morgan
[cid:2A12C96F-E5C4-4C77-999C-B7FF5C2FA171@att.net]
Re: [CODE4LIB] rdf serialization
Cool input. Thank you. I believe I have tweaked my assertions: 1. The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf=http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#; xmlns:dc=http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/; rdf:Description rdf:about=http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration_transcript.html; dc:creatorhttp://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79089957/dc:creator /rdf:Description /rdf:RDF 2. Thomas Jefferson is a male person rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf=http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#; xmlns:foaf=http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/; rdf:Description rdf:about=http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n7908995; foaf:Person foaf:gender=male / /rdf:Description /rdf:RDF Using no additional vocabularies (ontologies), I think my hypothetical Linked Data spider / robot ought to be able to assert the following: 3. The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson, a male person rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf=http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#; xmlns:dc=http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/; xmlns:foaf=http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/; rdf:Description rdf:about=http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration_transcript.html; dc:creator foaf:Person rdf:about=http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79089957; foaf:gendermale/foaf:gender /foaf:Person /dc:creator /rdf:Description /rdf:RDF The W3C Validator…validates Assertion #3, and returns the attached graph, which illustrates the logical combination of Assertion #1 and #2. This is hard. The Semantic Web (and RDF) attempt at codifying knowledge using a strict syntax, specifically a strict syntax of triples. It is very difficult for humans to articulate knowledge, let alone codifying it. How realistic is the idea of the Semantic Web? I wonder this not because I don’t think the technology can handle the problem. I say this because I think people can’t (or have great difficulty) succinctly articulating knowledge. Or maybe knowledge does not fit into triples? — Eric Morgan University of Notre Dame [cid:6A4E613F-CE41-4D35-BDFA-2E66EE7AF20A] inline: graphic.png
Re: [CODE4LIB] rdf serialization
You're still missing a vital step. Currently your assertion is that the creator /of a web page/ is Jefferson, which is clearly false. The page (...) is a transcription of the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence is written by Jefferson. Jefferson is Male. And it's not very hard given the right mindset -- its just a fully expanded relational database, where the identifiers are URIs. Yes, it's not 1st year computer science, but it is 2nd or 3rd year rather than post graduate. Which is not to say that people do not have great trouble succinctly articulating knowledge, but like any skill, it can be learned. Just look at the variation in the ways of writing papers ... some people can do it very clearly, some have much more difficulty. And with JSON-LD, you don't have to understand the RDF, just a clean representation of it. Rob On Sun, Nov 3, 2013 at 1:45 PM, Eric Lease Morgan emor...@nd.edu wrote: Cool input. Thank you. I believe I have tweaked my assertions: 1. The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf=http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#; xmlns:dc=http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/; rdf:Description rdf:about= http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration_transcript.html; dc:creatorhttp://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79089957/dc:creator /rdf:Description /rdf:RDF 2. Thomas Jefferson is a male person rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf=http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#; xmlns:foaf=http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/; rdf:Description rdf:about=http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n7908995 foaf:Person foaf:gender=male / /rdf:Description /rdf:RDF Using no additional vocabularies (ontologies), I think my hypothetical Linked Data spider / robot ought to be able to assert the following: 3. The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson, a male person rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf=http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#; xmlns:dc=http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/; xmlns:foaf=http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/; rdf:Description rdf:about= http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration_transcript.html; dc:creator foaf:Person rdf:about= http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79089957; foaf:gendermale/foaf:gender /foaf:Person /dc:creator /rdf:Description /rdf:RDF The W3C Validator…validates Assertion #3, and returns the attached graph, which illustrates the logical combination of Assertion #1 and #2. This is hard. The Semantic Web (and RDF) attempt at codifying knowledge using a strict syntax, specifically a strict syntax of triples. It is very difficult for humans to articulate knowledge, let alone codifying it. How realistic is the idea of the Semantic Web? I wonder this not because I don’t think the technology can handle the problem. I say this because I think people can’t (or have great difficulty) succinctly articulating knowledge. Or maybe knowledge does not fit into triples? — Eric Morgan University of Notre Dame [cid:6A4E613F-CE41-4D35-BDFA-2E66EE7AF20A]
[CODE4LIB] Fwd: Making a Connection
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Re: [CODE4LIB] rdf serialization
On Nov 3, 2013, at 6:07 PM, Robert Sanderson azarot...@gmail.com wrote: Currently your assertion is that the creator /of a web page/ is Jefferson, which is clearly false. The page (...) is a transcription of the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence is written by Jefferson. Jefferson is Male. Okay. ‘Makes sense, but let’s find a URI for THE Declaration Of Independence — that thing under glass in the National Archives. —ELM
Re: [CODE4LIB] rdf serialization
On Nov 3, 2013, at 6:07 PM, Robert Sanderson azarot...@gmail.com wrote: And it's not very hard given the right mindset -- its just a fully expanded relational database, where the identifiers are URIs. Yes, it's not 1st year computer science, but it is 2nd or 3rd year rather than post graduate. Okay, granted, but how many people do we know who can draw an entity relationship diagram? In other words, how many people can represent knowledge as a relational database? Very few people in Library Land are able to get past flat files, let alone relational databases. Yet we are hoping to build the Semantic Web where everybody can contribute. I think this is a challenge. Don’t get me wrong. I think this is a good thing to give a whirl, but I think it is hard. — ELM
