Re: Issues after upgrading 11 -> 12; was: Is 12.4 safe, or should I wait for 12.5?

[Michael Kjörling]

On 29 Jan 2024 19:54 -0800, from cgi...@surfnaked.ca (Charlie Gibbs):
> Today I took a thorough backup of my laptop and dove in, using the
> instructions at https://wiki.debian.org/DebianUpgrade as a guide.

Did you actually follow _that_ page, or did you read and follow the
_release notes_ as it says near the top of that page?

As a rule the release notes for a release should be considered the
authoritative truth about upgrading to any given release from the
immediately preceding release. (Skipping releases is not supported and
strongly discouraged.) There are also meaningful differences in system
setup between 11 and 12, not least non-free-firmware (which, were it
just that, would be easy enough to add after the fact).

A plain Debian release upgrade should not switch your desktop
environment on its own, and last I looked Xfce wasn't yet compatible
with Wayland, so although I haven't looked in detail, it seems likely
that your issues are related to something which you did or did not do
during the upgrade process.

Do you have a "script" transcript of the upgrade session (as the
release notes also strongly recommend [1] in case there are problems)?


 [1]: 
https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/amd64/release-notes/ch-upgrading.en.html#record-session
 
-- 
Michael Kjörling  https://michael.kjorling.se
“Remember when, on the Internet, nobody cared that you were a dog?”

Re: Q: Gnome network odd

[Tixy]

On Mon, 2024-01-29 at 23:49 -0600, David Wright wrote:
> I would tend to think that:
> 
> . The debian-installer installs ifupdown by default when you don't
>   install a Desktop Manager like Gnome,
> 
> . The debian-installer installs NetworkManager by default if you do
>   install a Desktop Manager like Gnome,
> 
> . It shouldn't do both.
> 

My experience, admittedly from a few releases ago, is that ifupdown is
always installed but that the installer doesn't populate it's config
files with the found network interfaces, only the loopback interface.

I also have a more vague memory that you could put config into
/etc/network/interfaces then in some circumstance NetworkManager would
not try and manage that interface, and in others it would take over.
(Perhaps selected by allow hotplug option in the ifupdown config?)

-- 
Tixy

Re: Bug: Tab completion for pdf files with blanks in path

[David Wright]

On Tue 30 Jan 2024 at 10:34:21 (+0700), Max Nikulin wrote:
> On 30/01/2024 02:51, David Wright wrote:
> > . Press HOME,
> > . Type any letter that makes a "wrong" command name (eg aokular),
> > . Press END,
> 
> The escape "Esc /" workaround has been posted in this thread already.

Yes, I believe I posted it.

But if you have a long path with many ambiguous branches along the
way, using Esc / gets very tedious because you get no help with
choosing what character to write next. Tab Tab doesn't do anything
until you reach a directory with "candidates" in it (ie files with
appropriate extensions).

But even then, Tab Tab does the wrong thing. It only lists the
candidates, not any directories that can continue the path further.

However, using my "wrong" command method, Tab Tab lists are complete
all the way down the path. You can then correct the command in order
to prune the Tab Tab listing to include just the candidates
(and in preparation for actually executing the command, of course).

> It uses built-in readline path completion instead of BASH programmable
> completion. It may be available as [Alt+/] (in xterm it requires
> xterm*vt100.metaSendsEscape: true)
> 
> [Ctrl+A] and [Ctrl+E] are alternatives for [Home] and [End].
> 
> For details see the BASH manual
> 
> info '(bash) Commands For Completion'
> 
> "complete-filename" function and other sections related to readline
> and completion.
> https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Commands-For-Completion.html#index-complete_002dfilename-_0028M_002d_002f_0029

To Greg: Thanks for explaining Michael's true motives.

Cheers,
David.

Re: Q: Gnome network odd

[David Wright]

On Tue 30 Jan 2024 at 10:13:34 (+0900), Byunghee HWANG (황병희) wrote:
> On Mon, 2024-01-29 at 09:35 -0600, David Wright wrote:
> > On Mon 29 Jan 2024 at 21:36:39 (+0900), Byunghee HWANG (황병희) wrote:
> > > 
> > > For months ago, i did upgrade Debian 12 to Debian Sid. At that
> > > time,
> > > Gnome network icon was odd. That appered as like question mark. So
> > > after i googling, i removed some file in /etc. Then OK! The
> > > Internet is
> > > started. (i did googling with smartphone).
> > > 
> > > 
> > >  soyeomul@thinkpad-e495:/etc/network$ LANG=C.UTF-8 ls -l
> > > total 24
> > > drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  7 18:51 if-down.d
> > > drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  8 19:45 if-post-down.d
> > > drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  8 19:45 if-pre-up.d
> > > drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  7 18:51 if-up.d
> > > drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 24  2023 interfaces.d
> > > -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  433 Oct  4 17:23 interfaces.orig
> > > soyeomul@thinkpad-e495:/etc/network$ 
> > > 
> > > 
> > > As you see above, i removed /etc/network/interfaces file. Anyway
> > > now it
> > > works everything! No problem!
> > > 
> > > Is this a bug? Or am i wrong?
> > > 
> > > Ref: 
> > > https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/457856/how-to-fix-debians-networkmanager-with-question-mark-even-though-network-is-wor
> > 
> > AIUI there are several network configuration tools that defer to
> > configurations that are set up in /e/n/i, which would be handled
> > by ifupdown preferentially. Generally, removing /e/n/i completely,
> > as you have, is fine. One side effect is that any entries in
> > /e/n/interfaces.d/ will also be disabled.
> > 
> > The only machine on which I keep /e/n/i and ifupdown is my travelling
> > laptop, for tethering with my phone:
> > 
> >   allow-hotplug usb0
> > 
> >   iface usb0 inet dhcp
> > 
> > BTW I don't know why you're running sid, but it's generally expected
> > that sid users would be familiar with stuff like this, particularly
> > as your question is already answered in the reference.
> 
> In frankly, i don't know interface things and network tools. Whenever I
> use the default value, just as it is. So still i don't understand your
> reply message in technically.

You have Gnome installed, which implies you configure the network with
something like NetworkManager.

You /had/ a file called /etc/network/interfaces, which implied you were
configuring the network with ifupdown.

If you try to configure the same /interface/ (which could be called
something like eth0) with both NetworkManager and ifupdown, then
NetworkManager should back off and let ifupdown do the configuring.

I can't tell you whether that makes Gnome display a question mark, but
others might know. (I don't use Gnome, NetworkManager, or ifupdown.)

When you renamed the file to /etc/network/interfaces.orig, then
ifupdown can no longer read it, nor take priority over NetworkManager,
and NetworkManager should be happy to configure the interface itself.
The question mark should go away. (Do you get a happy face displayed
instead, or is NetworkManager more boring than that?)

I would tend to think that:

. The debian-installer installs ifupdown by default when you don't
  install a Desktop Manager like Gnome,

. The debian-installer installs NetworkManager by default if you do
  install a Desktop Manager like Gnome,

. It shouldn't do both.

But, if you upgrade an ifupdown-system and add NetworkManager in
whatever way, then it's up to you to remove/hide any ifupdown
configuration that you want NetworkManager to perform. That's
probably what you did by renaming the file.

Cheers,
David.

Re: Q: Gnome network odd

[황병희]

On Tue, 2024-01-30 at 10:40 +0700, Max Nikulin wrote:
> On 30/01/2024 08:21, Byunghee HWANG (황병희) wrote:
> > > nm-online
> > > nmcli
> > > nmcli connection
> > > nmcli device
> > > /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --print-config
> > > apt list '~i~nnetwork-manager'
> > > 
> > > E.g. the network-manager-config-connectivity-debian package sets
> > > connectivity test URI tohttp://network-test.debian.org/nm  see
> > > NetworkManager.conf(5). Is it available in your case?
> > 
> > The url, i did click. Then firefox said:
> > 
> > *NetworkManager is online*
> > 
> > And i don't know much about other items, thanks!
> 
> It is up to you if you wish to debug your issue and you are ready to 
> invest enough time into it. Just keep in mind that sid is unstable by
> its definition, so your system may be broken after upgrades and may 
> require time to repair, to recover from backups, or to reinstall 
> depending on your experience and preferences. What you have faced may
> be 
> an upstream bug or a consequence of inconsistent set of versions of 
> packages in the repository.
> 

Yes. Next time the problem arises again, i will analyze it with
patience, thank you Max!


Sincerely, Byunghee

-- 
^고맙습니다 _布德天下_ 감사합니다_^))//

Re: can't type certain letters

[fjd]

On Mon, 29 Jan 2024, Dan Ritter wrote:


fjd wrote:

You cannot type 'w', 'r', 'y', 'u', 'o' and return key. I haven't checked if
capitals are affected or if non-alphabeticals like '$' or '=' are affected.
It's got an American keyboard.

The problem is present when you boot direct to BIOS/UEFI.

All I want to know are likely causes. I don't propose to fix it if it
involves hardware replacement.

So why would such a thing occur? I've never encountered this failure mode
before.


That would be a dead keyboard.

Despite your mention of not fixing it, I think you should know
that keyboards are generally cheap and easy to replace. In this
case,

https://www.amazon.com/Replacement-Keyboard-UX330UA-AH54-UX330UA-AH55-UX330UAK/dp/B08LG1SN1V
is $35, and replacement would take ...

https://www.ifixit.com/Guide/Asus+Zenbook+UX303L+Keyboard+Replacement/53551

35 screws. No, I wouldn't bother fixing this. Attach an external
USB keyboard, copy all the data off, wipe the disk and send to
electronics recycling.

-dsr-


Wow, thanks for doing the research I should have done though I pretty 
much decided it should be retired, but good to know what a fix would 
involve.


One of my new laptops replicates the data on the kaputt machine with a 
recent kernel and more cpu and memory.


So this is one way keyboards fail.

fjd

--
fjd

Verbum sat sapienti.

Re: Is 12.4 safe, or should I wait for 12.5?

[Charlie Gibbs]

On Wed, 24 Jan 2024 21:20:01 +0100 Greg Wooledge 
wrote:

> On Wed, Jan 24, 2024 at 11:52:04AM -0800, Charlie Gibbs wrote:
>
>> I updated my main machine to Bookworm (12.2, kernel 6.1.0.13-amd64)
>> some time ago and it's running well.
>>
>> I read the fuss about EXT4 file system corruption.  At first
>> I got the impression that this happened in 12.4, but further digging
>> suggests that the bug was in 12.3, fixed in 12.4.  Is this the case,
>> or should I wait for 12.5 before updating my other machines?
>
> Yes, it's fixed.  The current stable kernel ABI is 6.1.0-17, which is
> from a security update post 12.4.
> 
>
> The data corruption bug was initially fixed by a kernel which had a
> major bug in a Wifi support module.  The kernel after *that* was the
> first safe one.  And now we have -17 which is that plus some more
> security fixes.  Upgrading is recommended.

Thanks, Greg - and everyone else who answered - for the reassurances.
Today I took a thorough backup of my laptop and dove in, using the
instructions at https://wiki.debian.org/DebianUpgrade as a guide.
The process went smoothly, as always, so I took a deep breath and
performed the scariest step of all: re-booting.

It took a while, but being the first boot on a new system I gave it some
slack (no pun intended).  Then the screen painted and... what the HELL
happened to my desktop?  It looked more like my wife's Macbook than
good old Xfce.  The only way I could get a command prompt was to SSH
in from another machine (at least the networking came up OK).  I can
run slrn remotely - which is how I read this list - and I can even run
my preferred web browser, Seamonkey, from that remote command line.

A bit more web searching came up with these commands:

$ echo $XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP

$

(Well, maybe since it's a remote login it doesn't work properly.)

$ ps -e | grep -E -i "xfce|kde|gnome"

Omigod, I'm infested with GNOMEs!  What happened to Xfce?
This didn't happen when I upgraded my main machine, although
it went to 12.2, not the 12.4 that's on my laptop.  And the
damned thing hibernates - making my SSH session hang - rather
than running xscreensaver.  (OK, I found a setting to stop
the hibernation, but Jamie Zawinski's pride and joy is still
nowhere to be found.)

However, I can make the laptop's screen display a settings
window, which contains interesting things like:

OS Name  Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)
OS Type  64-bit
GNOME version  43.9  (Aha!)
Windowing SystemWayland  (WHAT!?)

I followed the update steps exactly, accepting all defaults.
Well, there was one thing: since I was already at a root
prompt after doing my backup, I just typed "apt-get "
rather than prefixing the commands with "sudo".  Could this
cause such a drastic change?  And if so, it would be nice if
the documentation warned about it.  Xfce to GNOME?  Xorg to
Wayland?  That's pretty extreme.

I'm not yet ready to wipe it and restore my backup, but there's
only so much time I'm willing to spend tinkering with this.
I regularly use my laptop for work on the road, and I'm
trying to minimize my downtime.

I don't understand it - when I upgraded my main machine,
everything went smooth as butter, and my desktop and all
applications were left exactly as is.  But on my laptop,
the only thing that appears intact is the contents of /home.
Can anyone suggest what happened and how to fix it?

--
/~\  Charlie Gibbs  |  "Some of you may die,
\ /|  but it's a sacrifice
 X   I'm really at ac.dekanfrus |  I'm willing to make."
/ \  if you read it the right way.  |-- Lord Farquaad (Shrek)

Re: Q: Gnome network odd

[Max Nikulin]

On 30/01/2024 08:21, Byunghee HWANG (황병희) wrote:

nm-online
nmcli
nmcli connection
nmcli device
/usr/sbin/NetworkManager --print-config
apt list '~i~nnetwork-manager'

E.g. the network-manager-config-connectivity-debian package sets
connectivity test URI tohttp://network-test.debian.org/nm  see
NetworkManager.conf(5). Is it available in your case?


The url, i did click. Then firefox said:

*NetworkManager is online*

And i don't know much about other items, thanks!


It is up to you if you wish to debug your issue and you are ready to 
invest enough time into it. Just keep in mind that sid is unstable by 
its definition, so your system may be broken after upgrades and may 
require time to repair, to recover from backups, or to reinstall 
depending on your experience and preferences. What you have faced may be 
an upstream bug or a consequence of inconsistent set of versions of 
packages in the repository.

Re: Bug: Tab completion for pdf files with blanks in path

[Max Nikulin]

On 30/01/2024 02:51, David Wright wrote:

. Press HOME,
. Type any letter that makes a "wrong" command name (eg aokular),
. Press END,


The escape "Esc /" workaround has been posted in this thread already. It 
uses built-in readline path completion instead of BASH programmable 
completion. It may be available as [Alt+/] (in xterm it requires 
xterm*vt100.metaSendsEscape: true)


[Ctrl+A] and [Ctrl+E] are alternatives for [Home] and [End].

For details see the BASH manual

info '(bash) Commands For Completion'

"complete-filename" function and other sections related to readline and 
completion.

https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Commands-For-Completion.html#index-complete_002dfilename-_0028M_002d_002f_0029

Re: can't type certain letters

[Dan Ritter]

fjd wrote: 
> You cannot type 'w', 'r', 'y', 'u', 'o' and return key. I haven't checked if
> capitals are affected or if non-alphabeticals like '$' or '=' are affected.
> It's got an American keyboard.
> 
> The problem is present when you boot direct to BIOS/UEFI.
> 
> All I want to know are likely causes. I don't propose to fix it if it
> involves hardware replacement.
> 
> So why would such a thing occur? I've never encountered this failure mode
> before.

That would be a dead keyboard. 

Despite your mention of not fixing it, I think you should know
that keyboards are generally cheap and easy to replace. In this
case,

https://www.amazon.com/Replacement-Keyboard-UX330UA-AH54-UX330UA-AH55-UX330UAK/dp/B08LG1SN1V
is $35, and replacement would take ...

https://www.ifixit.com/Guide/Asus+Zenbook+UX303L+Keyboard+Replacement/53551

35 screws. No, I wouldn't bother fixing this. Attach an external
USB keyboard, copy all the data off, wipe the disk and send to
electronics recycling.

-dsr-

Re: How to insert symbols into emails

[Max Nikulin]

On 29/01/2024 22:32, Greg Wooledge wrote:

On Mon, Jan 29, 2024 at 03:54:44PM +0100, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:

On Mon, Jan 29, 2024 at 03:29:57PM +0100, Franco Martelli wrote:

Those symbols are very nice, which tool have you used to insert them?


Easy. I configured my CAPSLOCK key (which is useless IMO) to be
my X compose key. So entering COMPOSE-4-5 does ⅘, and COMPOSE-<-3
does ♥. You can even define your own compose seqs, like I did with
♀ (COMPOSE-o-+) and others.


This is documented at  by the way.


In addition to what this page say, system-wide Compose key may be set 
among other keyboard configuration options


 dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

that adds to the XKBOPTIONS variable inside /etc/default/keyboard 
something like "compose:ralt". Desktop environments may save keyboard 
properties during first login and may ignore later adjustment of system 
configuration.


I have heard that xmodmap is obsolete and replaced by setxkbmap and 
xkbcomp. I am unsure concerning Wayland sessions. In addition, setxkbmap 
called directly would not work in GNOME, it is necessary to configure 
keyboard layouts and programmable switching between them requires D-Bus 
calls.


I use Compose key (and user-specific keyboard layout settings are 
disabled in KDE), however there are some alternatives.


- Gtk and Qt application may allow to input characters by Unicode code 
points: [Ctrl+Shift+u] and hex code.

- KDE has emoji selector [Win+.]

A few years ago I spent some time experimenting if I can use GNOME with 
keyboard layout switched directly by xkb. It is intentionally broken and 
some xkb features (e.g. layout switching by CapsLock/Shift+CapsLock). 
Hard-coded machinery causes e.g. temporary focus lost.


In addition, Input Method layer is mandatory, it is ibus by default. It 
may be another way to input various characters. There are e.g. emoji and 
LaTeX input methods. The latter allows to type characters using LaTeX 
commands. For me it was no go because I have not found a way to force US 
keyboard layout when such input method is selected. They are useless for 
non-lating layouts, so such configuration is rather inconvenient.


There was another feature: [Ctrl+Shift+e] emoji picker, likely provided 
by ibus (or maybe by GNOME).


gsettings get org.freedesktop.ibus.panel.emoji unicode-hotkey
gsettings get org.freedesktop.ibus.panel.emoji hotkey

(related gsettings commands are "describe" and "list-recursively").

can't type certain letters

[fjd]

Greets!

This is to solicit understanding as I don't need to fix the laptop. 
It's (or was) a trusty Asus UX330U acquired quite some years ago, in 
constant use since then. It runs Debian (Q4OS, TDE desktop); 
secondarily and rarely Windows 10. I was slowly moving to retire it.


The issue crept up over about ten sessions but is now constant.

You cannot type 'w', 'r', 'y', 'u', 'o' and return key. I haven't 
checked if capitals are affected or if non-alphabeticals like '$' or 
'=' are affected. It's got an American keyboard.


The problem is present when you boot direct to BIOS/UEFI.

All I want to know are likely causes. I don't propose to fix it if it 
involves hardware replacement.


So why would such a thing occur? I've never encountered this failure 
mode before.


fjd

--
fjd

Verbum sat sapienti.

Re: Q: Gnome network odd

[황병희]

On Mon, 2024-01-29 at 22:17 +0700, Max Nikulin wrote:
> On 29/01/2024 19:36, Byunghee HWANG (황병희) wrote:
> > 
> > For months ago, i did upgrade Debian 12 to Debian Sid. At that
> > time,
> > Gnome network icon was odd. That appered as like question mark.
> [...]
> > As you see above, i removed /etc/network/interfaces file. Anyway
> > now it
> > works everything! No problem!
> 
> What various tools report when you have the problem?
> 
> nm-online
> nmcli
> nmcli connection
> nmcli device
> /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --print-config
> apt list '~i~nnetwork-manager'
> 
> E.g. the network-manager-config-connectivity-debian package sets 
> connectivity test URI to http://network-test.debian.org/nm see 
> NetworkManager.conf(5). Is it available in your case?

Hellow Max!

The url, i did click. Then firefox said:

*NetworkManager is online*


And i don't know much about other items, thanks!


Sincerely, Byunghee

-- 
^고맙습니다 _布德天下_ 감사합니다_^))//

Re: Q: Gnome network odd

[황병희]

On Mon, 2024-01-29 at 09:35 -0600, David Wright wrote:
> On Mon 29 Jan 2024 at 21:36:39 (+0900), Byunghee HWANG (황병희) wrote:
> > 
> > For months ago, i did upgrade Debian 12 to Debian Sid. At that
> > time,
> > Gnome network icon was odd. That appered as like question mark. So
> > after i googling, i removed some file in /etc. Then OK! The
> > Internet is
> > started. (i did googling with smartphone).
> > 
> > 
> >  soyeomul@thinkpad-e495:/etc/network$ LANG=C.UTF-8 ls -l
> > total 24
> > drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  7 18:51 if-down.d
> > drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  8 19:45 if-post-down.d
> > drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  8 19:45 if-pre-up.d
> > drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  7 18:51 if-up.d
> > drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 24  2023 interfaces.d
> > -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  433 Oct  4 17:23 interfaces.orig
> > soyeomul@thinkpad-e495:/etc/network$ 
> > 
> > 
> > As you see above, i removed /etc/network/interfaces file. Anyway
> > now it
> > works everything! No problem!
> > 
> > Is this a bug? Or am i wrong?
> > 
> > Ref: 
> > https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/457856/how-to-fix-debians-networkmanager-with-question-mark-even-though-network-is-wor
> 
> AIUI there are several network configuration tools that defer to
> configurations that are set up in /e/n/i, which would be handled
> by ifupdown preferentially. Generally, removing /e/n/i completely,
> as you have, is fine. One side effect is that any entries in
> /e/n/interfaces.d/ will also be disabled.
> 
> The only machine on which I keep /e/n/i and ifupdown is my travelling
> laptop, for tethering with my phone:
> 
>   allow-hotplug usb0
> 
>   iface usb0 inet dhcp
> 
> BTW I don't know why you're running sid, but it's generally expected
> that sid users would be familiar with stuff like this, particularly
> as your question is already answered in the reference.
> 

Hellow David!

In frankly, i don't know interface things and network tools. Whenever I
use the default value, just as it is. So still i don't understand your
reply message in technically.

And sid. At that time, i wanted to install a new emacs (29.1). Sid was
only the way.


Anyway thanks for kind advice and reply!



Sincerely, Byunghee

-- 
^고맙습니다 _布德天下_ 감사합니다_^))//

Re: How to insert symbols into emails

[fxkl47BF]

so i defined my compose key
in "/usr/share/X11/locale/en_US.UTF-8/Compose" file i see a definition
  
how do i type this

Re: Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[Andy Smith]

Hi,

On Mon, Jan 29, 2024 at 05:28:56PM +0100, hw wrote:
> On Sun, 2024-01-28 at 21:55 +, Andy Smith wrote:
> > On Sun, Jan 28, 2024 at 09:09:17PM +0100, hw wrote:
> > > On Sun, 2024-01-28 at 17:32 +, Andy Smith wrote:
> > > > If someone DOES want a script option that solves that problem, a
> > > > couple of actual working scripts were supplied in the link I gave to
> > > > the earlier thread:
> > > > 
> > > > https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2020/11/msg00455.html
> > > > https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2020/11/msg00458.html
> > > 
> > > Huh?  Isn't it simpler to use mdraid RAID1 to keep the UEFI partitions
> > > in sync without extra scripts needed?
> > 
> > Could you read the first link above.
> 
> I did, and it doesn't explain why you would need a bunch of scripts.

I think you should read it again until you find the part where it
clearly states what the problem is with using MD RAID for this. If
you still can't find that part, there is likely to be a problem I
can't assist with.

Thanks,
Andy

-- 
https://bitfolk.com/ -- No-nonsense VPS hosting

Re: How to insert symbols into emails

[Charles Curley]

On Mon, 29 Jan 2024 22:02:20 +0100
Franco Martelli  wrote:

> I read that for custom sequence I've to create a ~/.XCompose file,
> but where can I find the character to map i.e. Greek letters: "α" "β"
> "γ" ?

Try the gucharmap package. You look a character up by name, and copy it
into place. E.g. crocodile, .


> 
> In "/usr/share/X11/locale/en_US.UTF-8/Compose" file the ALPHA char is 
> defined as:
> 
>  : "α"   U03B1 # GREEK SMALL 
> LETTER ALPHA
> 
> What stands for  ? 

Look at the Wikipedia entry for dead key.

> Could I have an example of custom 
> ~/.XCompose file for this letter, please?

https://wiki.debian.org/XCompose

-- 
Does anybody read signatures any more?

https://charlescurley.com
https://charlescurley.com/blog/

Re: How to insert symbols into emails

[Greg Wooledge]

On Mon, Jan 29, 2024 at 10:02:20PM +0100, Franco Martelli wrote:
> I read that for custom sequence I've to create a ~/.XCompose file, but where
> can I find the character to map i.e. Greek letters: "α" "β" "γ" ?

It's a bit of a chicken-and-egg problem, admittedly.  What I did was find
a web page that had these characters on it, and then copy/pasted them.

> In "/usr/share/X11/locale/en_US.UTF-8/Compose" file the ALPHA char is
> defined as:
> 
>  : "α"   U03B1 # GREEK SMALL LETTER
> ALPHA
> 
> What stands for  ?

That's a new one to me.  Presumably there must exist some keyboard,
somewhere, which has such a key.

If that's the route you want to take, and if you don't have this key,
then you'll use xmodmap to remap something to become dead_greek.  One of
the Alt or Super keys, for example.


seems to have some partial answers you can use as a starting point.

I simply went with this instead:

   : "α"
   : "β"
   : "γ"
   : "δ"

and so on.

problèmes de copie sur un montage smb par autofs

[testeur]

Bonjour,

J'ai un problème pour faire une copie de fichiers dans un partage SMB 
monté par autofs.


J'ai des erreurs au niveau du kernel.

Comment procéder pour un envoi de bug ?

(test d'envoi sur la liste)

Merci.

P

Re: cli64 CPU segfaults

[Gremlin]

On 1/29/24 14:35, Michael Kjörling wrote:

On 29 Jan 2024 19:20 +, from ad...@matrixscience.com (Adam Weremczuk):

I have 2 bare metal Debian 12.4 servers with fairly new Intel CPUs and
plenty of memory.

On both, dmesg continuously reports:

(...)
[Mon Jan 29 12:13:00 2024] cli64[1666090]: segfault at 0 ip 0040dd3b
sp 7ffc2bfba630 error 4 in cli64[40+18a000] likely on CPU 41 (core
17, socket 0)
(...)


What's cli64? A package search comes up empty for me.

https://packages.debian.org/search?searchon=contents=cli64=exactfilename=bookworm=any




https://www.advancedclustering.com/act_kb/what-is-cli64/

Re: How to insert symbols into emails

[Franco Martelli]

On 29/01/24 at 16:32, Greg Wooledge wrote:

On Mon, Jan 29, 2024 at 03:54:44PM +0100, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:

On Mon, Jan 29, 2024 at 03:29:57PM +0100, Franco Martelli wrote:

Those symbols are very nice, which tool have you used to insert them?


Easy. I configured my CAPSLOCK key (which is useless IMO) to be
my X compose key. So entering COMPOSE-4-5 does ⅘, and COMPOSE-<-3
does ♥. You can even define your own compose seqs, like I did with
♀ (COMPOSE-o-+) and others.


This is documented at  by the way.



Thanks Greg, that was what I'm looking for. I chose the right Alt key as 
"compose" key, in KDE it was very simple it's a checkbox to enable in 
systemsettings, as explained in the link that you provided.
I read that for custom sequence I've to create a ~/.XCompose file, but 
where can I find the character to map i.e. Greek letters: "α" "β" "γ" ?


In "/usr/share/X11/locale/en_US.UTF-8/Compose" file the ALPHA char is 
defined as:


 : "α"   U03B1 # GREEK SMALL 
LETTER ALPHA


What stands for  ? Could I have an example of custom 
~/.XCompose file for this letter, please?


Thanks in advance, best regards.
--
Franco Martelli

Re: Bug: Tab completion for pdf files with blanks in path

[Michael Kiermaier]

On 1/29/24 20:59, Greg Wooledge wrote:

complete -r isn't intended as a workaround.  It's intended as a diagnostic
step.

Seeing the problem go away when completion goes away means that the
problem is *in* the completion.  Thus, he knows which package to file
a bug report against.


Yes, I understood that 'complete -r' is for diagnostics.

I've submitted this bug report now:
https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1061831

Thank you again for your help.

Re: File has unexpected size (x != y). Mirror sync in progress? [IP: ...] ...

[Albretch Mueller]

On 1/29/24, David Wright  wrote:
> On Sat 27 Jan 2024 at 14:50:25 (+), Albretch Mueller wrote:
>> On 1/19/24, David Wright  wrote:
>> > On Fri 19 Jan 2024 at 22:19:21 (+), Albretch Mueller wrote:
>> >>  Package dependencies to me are just DAGs,
>> > Are they? No circular dependencies?
>>
>>  The way I see them, "circular dependencies" are "cultural".
>> "organizational" issues not essentially technical ones. circular
>> dependencies happen in packages which should be part of the same node.
>> Show me examples in which it is not the case.
>
> To save time, I just used the list's search, and found a reference
> to presumably the wheezy Packages file:
>
> Package: openjdk-6-jre-headless
> Version: 6b38-1.13.10-1~deb7u1
> Depends: openjdk-6-jre-lib (= 6b38-1.13.10-1~deb7u1), [ … ]
>
> Package: openjdk-6-jre-lib
> Version: 6b38-1.13.10-1~deb7u1
> Depends: openjdk-6-jre-headless (>= 6b27)
>
> I guess that example gives you something cultural or
> organisational to chew on?

 Ha! openjdk-6-jre- {headless, lib} both of version
6b38-1.13.10-1~deb7u1 depend on one another! ;-)

>> >> [ … ] I haven’t found a book yet, explaining it all.
>> >> At times I have found great explanations about single aspects.
>> > What sales figures would you expect to see with such a book?
>>  ... and since that sounds to me like ransom money aren't you the one
>> who would determine the amount yourself?
> I haven't a clue what you're rambling on about. Ransom money?
> You originally wrote:
>> >> [ … ] So, to start I would
>> >> like to study the Debian packages and how dpkg establishes and keeps
>> >> those dependencies. What happens on the hire and on the repositories
>> >> with certificates ... I haven’t found a book yet, explaining it all.
>> >> At times I have found great explanations about single aspects.
> For there to be a book on the subject, someone has to invest
> the time and effort to write it, and persuade others to
> proofread and publish it. But who's this book for—a whole
> book … on Debian's APT and dpkg?

 Well, yes! I think that Debian's APT, dpkg, apt-clone, ... within the
context of how they compare to other packaging systems, their essence
and functions has the potential to become  very beneficial to the
Debian and Linux culture. The other day I heard the author of Qubes OS
himself say that his project was not the be all and end all of Linux
security, that the only way to use a computing device with some of
that thing they used to call "privacy" is not to ever connect it to
the Internet (even physically removing the pertinent hardware and
compiling the kernel without networking libraries if it comes to that)
and I remember Linus Torvalds himself saying once publicly that he
never connects his work horse computer to the Internet. He was even
profusely making faces while he did.

 I think Qubes OS in a sense is an aberration, too wasteful
operatively and I do think that you could run the same box in
air-gapped and exposed mode in the "touch of God" way I already
explained.

> Perhaps after you've studied your issues long enough, though,
> you might write one.

 ... and I don't know if you care about exact arithmetical computing,
the mind-body link, corpora research, ... but as a way to thank
you/the Debian culture I will let you know what came out of your help.

 lbrtchx

Re: Bug: Tab completion for pdf files with blanks in path

[Greg Wooledge]

On Mon, Jan 29, 2024 at 01:51:19PM -0600, David Wright wrote:
> On Mon 29 Jan 2024 at 19:31:50 (+0100), Michael Kiermaier wrote:
> > Thank you for your responses! After 'complete -r' the problem
> > disappears. I should add that I never touched the autocomplete settings.
> 
> No, but you lose your so-called component (2) filtering.
> 
> For me, a better workaround is, when the directory path gets "stuck":
> 
> . Press HOME,
> . Type any letter that makes a "wrong" command name (eg aokular),
> . Press END,
> . Press TAB and carry on using completion for directory/filenames,
> . Once you reach the right directory, and if you need filtering,
>   press HOME DELETE END and you've got filtering back again.
> . Obviously press HOME DELETE if you didn't do the previous step.
> 
> > I will submit a bug report for the package bash-completion.

complete -r isn't intended as a workaround.  It's intended as a diagnostic
step.

Seeing the problem go away when completion goes away means that the
problem is *in* the completion.  Thus, he knows which package to file
a bug report against.

Re: Encrypted partiotions - which files related?

[David Wright]

On Mon 29 Jan 2024 at 16:12:30 (+0100), Hans wrote:
> > That appears to be too much overhead to me... virtual machines (for
> > server as full OS) seem much more appropriate to me, in particular as
> > differences between in-VM and physical devices are pretty much (not
> > completely, though!) abstracted away these days.
> 
> non no, that is exactly, what I was not wanted. My goal was to have my 
> environment completely and easily portable. Without the need of having 
> virtualkbox or anything else: just plugin the usb-stick in ANY computer I 
> want, and I have everything available. Instead of this, I could carry my 
> notebook with me, but that is not what I want. Be prepared, also in any 
> situations. And a usb-stick you can always carry with you. That was the idea.
> 
> And except this little annoying question at boot - which is only annoying and 
> does no harm - everyt6hing is running perfectly to my needs.
> 
> Oh, and I believe, you are right, the cuase of this issue might really be the 
> initrd (which maye can be configured somehow) and then chosen as the initrd, 
> which is copied to the livesystem. Maybe I will take a look at this.
> 
> However, it looks like no one else had other ideas, which are the files 
> responsible, that the boot process is discovering the harddrive and wants to 
> decrypt it. 

Well you haven't exactly given a lot of information to go on.
For example, before you hijacked your own thread (OT: Is there any
size limit for ISO's?), you said that you only got the prompts
when the stick booted in the "home" PC, not "foreign" ones.
That didn't make it into this thread, but one about ISOs,
which I had already deleted days earlier but happened to have
skimmed.

  https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2024/01/msg01218.html

Not a lot here about which filesystems are encrypted, what's in
crypttab, fstab, the initrd, etc. and so on, but just some narrative.

> If no one else has any ideas in the future, I think, we should declare this 
> issue as closed. 
> 
> I got a workaround, this is well enough for me.
> 
> Thank you and all others for your help!

Cheers,
David.

Re: Bug: Tab completion for pdf files with blanks in path

[David Wright]

On Mon 29 Jan 2024 at 19:31:50 (+0100), Michael Kiermaier wrote:
> On 1/29/24 18:59, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> > On Tue, Jan 30, 2024 at 12:05:24AM +0700, Max Nikulin wrote:
> > > On 29/01/2024 19:40, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> > > > Let me test that as well
> > > [...]
> > > > unicorn:/tmp$ xyz dir\ with\ blanks/dir2/file
> > > 
> > > "okular" is important here. Only limited set of file name suffixes are
> > > allowed for some commands. You do not need to have okular installed,
> > > completion rules are part of bash-completion.
> > 
> > That's my point as well.  I'm trying to get the OP to determine whether
> > it's the programmable completion for "okular" in particular that's at
> > fault, or bash itself (hint: it's not).
> 
> Thank you for your responses! After 'complete -r' the problem
> disappears. I should add that I never touched the autocomplete settings.

No, but you lose your so-called component (2) filtering.

For me, a better workaround is, when the directory path gets "stuck":

. Press HOME,
. Type any letter that makes a "wrong" command name (eg aokular),
. Press END,
. Press TAB and carry on using completion for directory/filenames,
. Once you reach the right directory, and if you need filtering,
  press HOME DELETE END and you've got filtering back again.
. Obviously press HOME DELETE if you didn't do the previous step.

> I will submit a bug report for the package bash-completion.

Cheers,
David.

Re: cli64 CPU segfaults

[Michael Kjörling]

On 29 Jan 2024 19:20 +, from ad...@matrixscience.com (Adam Weremczuk):
> I have 2 bare metal Debian 12.4 servers with fairly new Intel CPUs and
> plenty of memory.
> 
> On both, dmesg continuously reports:
> 
> (...)
> [Mon Jan 29 12:13:00 2024] cli64[1666090]: segfault at 0 ip 0040dd3b
> sp 7ffc2bfba630 error 4 in cli64[40+18a000] likely on CPU 41 (core
> 17, socket 0)
> (...)

What's cli64? A package search comes up empty for me.

https://packages.debian.org/search?searchon=contents=cli64=exactfilename=bookworm=any


> $ sudo dmesg -T | grep cli64 | wc -l

Useless use of wc. :-) "grep -c" will show a count of matching lines.

-- 
Michael Kjörling  https://michael.kjorling.se
“Remember when, on the Internet, nobody cared that you were a dog?”

Re: cli64 CPU segfaults

[Michael Stone]

On Mon, Jan 29, 2024 at 07:20:14PM +, Adam Weremczuk wrote:

I have 2 bare metal Debian 12.4 servers with fairly new Intel CPUs and plenty
of memory.

On both, dmesg continuously reports:

(...)
[Mon Jan 29 12:13:00 2024] cli64[1666090]: segfault at 0 ip 0040dd3b sp
7ffc2bfba630 error 4 in cli64[40+18a000] likely on CPU 41 (core 17,
socket 0)


Well, what is cli64? I don't think it came with debian, so you'd have to 
start by looking at what that program is doing.


(If you're not sure, I'm going to guess it's the areca raid management 
software, but it's not a super distinct filename.)

cli64 CPU segfaults

[Adam Weremczuk]

Hi all,

I have 2 bare metal Debian 12.4 servers with fairly new Intel CPUs and 
plenty of memory.


On both, dmesg continuously reports:

(...)
[Mon Jan 29 12:13:00 2024] cli64[1666090]: segfault at 0 ip 
0040dd3b sp 7ffc2bfba630 error 4 in cli64[40+18a000] 
likely on CPU 41 (core 17, socket 0)
[Mon Jan 29 12:13:00 2024] Code: 48 8b 45 c8 8b 80 cc 00 00 00 48 8b 55 
c8 48 98 0f b6 44 42 4d 0f b6 f0 bf a8 0a 79 00 e8 95 1b 01 00 48 89 45 
f0 48 8b 45 f0 <48> 8b 00 48 83 c0 10 48 8b 00 48 8b 7d f0 be b6 0a 41 
00 ff d0 8b
[Mon Jan 29 12:19:01 2024] cli64[1667727]: segfault at 0 ip 
0040dd3b sp 7ffde94347f0 error 4 in cli64[40+18a000] 
likely on CPU 16 (core 16, socket 0)
[Mon Jan 29 12:19:01 2024] Code: 48 8b 45 c8 8b 80 cc 00 00 00 48 8b 55 
c8 48 98 0f b6 44 42 4d 0f b6 f0 bf a8 0a 79 00 e8 95 1b 01 00 48 89 45 
f0 48 8b 45 f0 <48> 8b 00 48 83 c0 10 48 8b 00 48 8b 7d f0 be b6 0a 41 
00 ff d0 8b
[Mon Jan 29 12:24:02 2024] cli64[1669594]: segfault at 0 ip 
0040dd3b sp 7ffd305bebe0 error 4 in cli64[40+18a000] 
likely on CPU 40 (core 16, socket 0)
[Mon Jan 29 12:24:02 2024] Code: 48 8b 45 c8 8b 80 cc 00 00 00 48 8b 55 
c8 48 98 0f b6 44 42 4d 0f b6 f0 bf a8 0a 79 00 e8 95 1b 01 00 48 89 45 
f0 48 8b 45 f0 <48> 8b 00 48 83 c0 10 48 8b 00 48 8b 7d f0 be b6 0a 41 
00 ff d0 8b
[Mon Jan 29 12:29:03 2024] cli64[1675152]: segfault at 0 ip 
0040dd3b sp 7ffddbe853b0 error 4 in cli64[40+18a000] 
likely on CPU 43 (core 19, socket 0)
[Mon Jan 29 12:29:03 2024] Code: 48 8b 45 c8 8b 80 cc 00 00 00 48 8b 55 
c8 48 98 0f b6 44 42 4d 0f b6 f0 bf a8 0a 79 00 e8 95 1b 01 00 48 89 45 
f0 48 8b 45 f0 <48> 8b 00 48 83 c0 10 48 8b 00 48 8b 7d f0 be b6 0a 41 
00 ff d0 8b

(...)

$ sudo dmesg -T | grep cli64 | wc -l
1349

Other than that, they seem to be running ok.

I don't see it on similar, AMD powered kits.

Somebody suggested a faulty memory module. Or software trying to access 
a restricted part of the memory. I'm not convinced.


Any ideas or hints?

Cheers,
Adam

Re: exemple en GNU bash de variable tableau

[Étienne Mollier]

Bonsoir Basile,

Basile Starynkevitch, on 2024-01-29:
> J'essaie de collecter dans une variable tableau de bash  files_to_remove les
> fichiers temporaires (qu'il faudrait suprimer à la fin de cez script).
> 
> Je n'arrive pas à comprendre la syntaxe des variables tableau en GNU bash.

Comme le veut l'adage, un exemple clair vaut mieux que des
mégaoctets de documentation.  Pour initialiser les entrées d'un
tableau, on peut faire comme ceci :

$ TAB[0]='zero'
$ TAB[1]='un'
$ TAB[2]='deux'

Et pour accéder aux valeurs, il faut impérativement entourer la
variable avec l'index d'accolades, comme suit :

$ echo "${TAB[0]}"
zero
$ echo "${TAB[1]}"
un
$ echo "${TAB[2]}"
deux

Il y a deux méthodes bien distinctes pour accéder à tous les
éléments d'un coup, via l'astérisque ou l'arobaze, illustrées
par l'exemple ci-dessous :

$ for elem in "${TAB[*]}"; do echo "  * $elem"; done
  * zero un deux
$ for elem in "${TAB[@]}"; do echo "  * $elem"; done
  * zero
  * un
  * deux

À noter que dans ce genre de situations, il devient essentiel
d'être clair sur l'usage systématique des double quotes.

Une construction courante pour accéder aux éléments à partir de
l'index, comme celà arrive fréquemment en langages compilés
impératifs, peut ressembler à ça :

$ for i in $(seq 0 2) ; do echo " $i. ${TAB[$i]}"; done
 0. zero
 1. un
 2. deux

Il est aussi possible de construire et de concaténer des
tableaux avec l'opérateur "parenthèse", par exemple :

$ TAB=( "${TAB[@]}" "trois" "quatre" )
$ for elem in "${TAB[@]}"; do echo "  * $elem"; done
  * zero
  * un
  * deux
  * trois
  * quatre

Là encore, l'usage de l'arobase et des double quotes est
essentiel pour que la concaténation se passe comme attendu :

$ TAB_SUITE=( "le cinquieme" "le sixieme" )
$ TAB_INATTENDU=( "${TAB[*]}" ${TAB_SUITE[@]} )
$ for elem in "${TAB_INATTENDU[@]}" ; do echo "  * $elem" ; done
  * zero un deux trois quatre
  * le
  * cinquieme
  * le
  * sixieme
$ TAB_ATTENDU=( "${TAB[@]}" "${TAB_SUITE[@]}" )
$ for elem in "${TAB_ATTENDU[@]}" ; do echo "  * $elem" ; done
  * zero
  * un
  * deux
  * trois
  * quatre
  * le cinquieme
  * le sixieme

La documentation de référence sur les tableaux du bash se trouve
dans le manuel de bash(1) au chapitre "Array", qui peut être
retrouvé en effectuant une recherche de l'expression rationnelle
"^ Arrays".

Bonne soirée,  :)
-- 
  .''`.  Étienne Mollier 
 : :' :  pgp: 8f91 b227 c7d6 f2b1 948c  8236 793c f67e 8f0d 11da
 `. `'   sent from /dev/pts/5, please excuse my verbosity
   `-on air: Life Line Project - Unica


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Description: PGP signature

Re: Bug: Tab completion for pdf files with blanks in path

[Michael Kiermaier]

On 1/29/24 18:59, Greg Wooledge wrote:

On Tue, Jan 30, 2024 at 12:05:24AM +0700, Max Nikulin wrote:

On 29/01/2024 19:40, Greg Wooledge wrote:

Let me test that as well

[...]

unicorn:/tmp$ xyz dir\ with\ blanks/dir2/file


"okular" is important here. Only limited set of file name suffixes are
allowed for some commands. You do not need to have okular installed,
completion rules are part of bash-completion.


That's my point as well.  I'm trying to get the OP to determine whether
it's the programmable completion for "okular" in particular that's at
fault, or bash itself (hint: it's not).


Thank you for your responses! After 'complete -r' the problem
disappears. I should add that I never touched the autocomplete settings.

I will submit a bug report for the package bash-completion.

Re: OT - Mini encuesta: Núcleo de linux instalado (completo o dirigido)

[Gonzalo Rivero]

El 28/1/24 a las 14:23, Camaleón escribió:

Hola,

Siempre que instalo una nueva verisón de Debian en servidores, utilizo
la imagen compacta (netinst) y selecciono el instalador avanzado sin
entorno gráfico, que en un momento determinado, pregunta qué tipo de
núcloe quiero instalar:

1. Iamgen del kernel completo (ocupa más espacio pero tiene todos los
controladores/módulos y genera una inirt más gordo); o bien,

2. Imagen dirigida del kernel, que únicamente instala los controaldores
dependiendo de los componentes de hardware detectados en el equipo y
genera un initrd de tamaño más reducido.
Dada mi aversión a las instalacines copiosas O:-) siempre selecciono la
opción 2, y la verdad es que nunca he tenido problemas al respecto
(entiendo que si posteriormente instalo un componente nuevo en el
equipo del que no tengo cargado el módulo correspondiente, podré hacerlo
manualmente) pero me pregunto qué hace el resto de usuarios.


Pregunta (mini encuesta) para quienes utilizan la instalación avanzada o
que hayan tenido que responder a la pregunta del tipo de imagen del
kernel a instalar en el sistema:

¿Qué opción escogéis (1 o 2)?

opción 2


¿Y por qué?
***
una de las otras razones es la que diste: alergia a tener un montón de 
cosas que no necesito (y por lo tanto son una potencial fuente de 
problemas). La otra razón está ligeramente relacionada: no se supone que 
un server se apague seguido, entonces tampoco se supone que le estés 
agregando o quitando hardware y se necesite algo así tan genérico

Re: Bug: Tab completion for pdf files with blanks in path

[David Wright]

On Mon 29 Jan 2024 at 12:59:39 (-0500), Greg Wooledge wrote:
> On Tue, Jan 30, 2024 at 12:05:24AM +0700, Max Nikulin wrote:
> > On 29/01/2024 19:40, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> > > Let me test that as well
> > [...]
> > > unicorn:/tmp$ xyz dir\ with\ blanks/dir2/file
> > 
> > "okular" is important here. Only limited set of file name suffixes are
> > allowed for some commands. You do not need to have okular installed,
> > completion rules are part of bash-completion.
> 
> That's my point as well.  I'm trying to get the OP to determine whether
> it's the programmable completion for "okular" in particular that's at
> fault, or bash itself (hint: it's not).
> 
> In my demonstration, all programmable completions were disabled.  I
> never use them to begin with.  So, in my demonstration, the command
> name is completely irrelevant.

No, it's pretty much any command that wants to match particular
extensions, like xpdf, dvips, unzip, etc. Obviously bash-completion
should always attempt to match directories as it doesn't know what
they might contain.

Cheers,
David.

[résolu je sais pas trop comment] Re: le bluez de la doc de bluez (+wireplumber)

[Marc Chantreux]

salut à tous,

On Sat, Dec 16, 2023 at 08:19:24PM +0100, didier gaumet wrote:
> je ne sais pas si ça peut t'aider mais le wiki Archlinux a une section sur
> ce cas de figure:
> https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Bluetooth_headset#Pairing_works,_but_connecting_does_not

merci pour ce lien qui avait déjà été mentionné plus tôt dans le thread.

à force d'y revenir, de tapper dessus, de changer de stratégie, je suis arrivé
à faire marcher la chose en virant pipewire.

rétrospectivement, je crois que la partie Bluetooth_headset était ok mais que
le casque ne m'annonce la connexion comme établi que lorsque le serveur de son
le prend en compte (je n'ai pas compris les détails).

bref! ca marche!

encore merci pour votre aide à tous (je continue à penser que la doc est 
vraiment
mauvaise)

-- 
Marc Chantreux

Re: Bug: Tab completion for pdf files with blanks in path

[Greg Wooledge]

On Tue, Jan 30, 2024 at 12:05:24AM +0700, Max Nikulin wrote:
> On 29/01/2024 19:40, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> > Let me test that as well
> [...]
> > unicorn:/tmp$ xyz dir\ with\ blanks/dir2/file
> 
> "okular" is important here. Only limited set of file name suffixes are
> allowed for some commands. You do not need to have okular installed,
> completion rules are part of bash-completion.

That's my point as well.  I'm trying to get the OP to determine whether
it's the programmable completion for "okular" in particular that's at
fault, or bash itself (hint: it's not).

In my demonstration, all programmable completions were disabled.  I
never use them to begin with.  So, in my demonstration, the command
name is completely irrelevant.

Re: Can't list root directory

[Hans]

Hi Gary,

before loosing any data, I suggest, to boot from a liuvefile linux. Please use 
a modern livefile like Knoppix or Kali-Linux.

If it is not a BIOS problem, you should see the device again and are able to 
mount it. If /root is on a seperated partition, you can do some filesystem 
checks, like e2fsck or else.

Ans: Most important, with a livefile system you can mount an external harddrive 
and backup all files. Thus , even when the /dev/nvme*** is died or partly 
broken, you can maybe restore /root on another partition.

Second: Please check ACL, although I do not believe the reason for these, it 
is worth to look at this. Maybe you or someone else has chenged it accidently.

Third idea: Is the harddrive full? In the past I has the problem, not to be 
able to do anything. The reason: My harddrive was completely full (some 
temporary file was the reason). Deleting this big file was the trick.

Just some ideas, maybe it could help.

Good luck!

Best 

Hans 

Re: Can't list root directory

[tomas]

On Mon, Jan 29, 2024 at 11:42:14AM -0500, Gary Dale wrote:
> I'm running Debian/Trixie on an AMD64 workstation. I've lost the ability to
> see the root directory even when I am logged in as root (su -).
> 
> This has been happening intermittently for several months. I initially
> thought it might be related to failing NVME drive that was part of a RAID1
> array that is mounted as "/" but I replaced the device and the problem is
> still happening.

[...]

Anything mounted below / whose block device is taking its time?
Maybe a network device?

What does mount say?

Cheers
-- 
t


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Re: Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[tomas]

On Mon, Jan 29, 2024 at 05:52:38PM +0100, hw wrote:

[...]

> Ok in that case, hardware RAID is a requirement for machines with UEFI
> BIOS since otherwise their reliability is insufficient.

The price you pay for hardware RAID is that you need a compatible controller
if you take your disks elsewhere (e.g. because your controller dies).

With (Linux) software RAID you just need another Linux...

Cheers
-- 
t


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Re: exemple en GNU bash de variable tableau

[Basile Starynkevitch]

On 1/29/24 16:48, Michel Verdier wrote:

Le 29 janvier 2024 Basile Starynkevitch a écrit :


J'essaie de collecter dans une variable tableau de bash  files_to_remove les
fichiers temporaires (qu'il faudrait suprimer à la fin de cez script).

Pourquoi un tableau ? Une simple liste ne suffit pas ?



Bien sûr que si, pour le script 
https://github.com/RefPerSys/RefPerSys/blob/master/do-configure-refpersys.bash


(le script de configuration du moteur d'inférences libre RefPerSys en 
http://refpersys.org/ )


*Une liste simplement chainée mais _mutable_ conviendrait tout à fait.*


La question plus technique devient: *comment implémente-t-on* (en 
quelques lignes de GNU bash sous Linux) *une telle liste simplement 
chainée*.



Pour rappel: C++ a des listes simplement chainées (pour les détails 
consulter https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/list ...)


et Ocaml a des listes simplement chainées (pour les détails consulter 
https://v2.ocaml.org/api/List.html )


et Guile ou Scheme a des listes simplement chainées (voir la section 
6.3.2 du R5RS 
)



Un exemple en GNU bash (testable sous Linux) de liste simplement chainée 
me convient.


L'exemple 
https://www.unix.com/shell-programming-and-scripting/271790-implementing-linked-list-shell-scripting.html 
me parait trop long.



Je souhaite un exemple bien plus simple, ou bien la suggestion de passer 
de GNU bash à autre chose (je songe peut-être à Python, que je ne 
connais guère).



Pour les aspects "philosophiques" de RefPerSys n'hésitez pas à consulter 
https://afia.asso.fr/journee-hommage-j-pitrat/



Pour un brouillon de papier en anglais (ou même un brouillon très 
incomplet en français), me contacter par courriel


Librement.

--
Basile Starynkevitch
(only mine opinions / les opinions sont miennes uniquement)
92340 Bourg-la-Reine, France
web page: starynkevitch.net/Basile/
Seehttps://github.com/RefPerSys/RefPerSys

Can't list root directory

[Gary Dale]

I'm running Debian/Trixie on an AMD64 workstation. I've lost the ability 
to see the root directory even when I am logged in as root (su -).


This has been happening intermittently for several months. I initially 
thought it might be related to failing NVME drive that was part of a 
RAID1 array that is mounted as "/" but I replaced the device and the 
problem is still happening.


I had been able to fix it by booting to SystemRescue and running an fsck 
on the device but it didn't work this time. The device checks out OK 
(even when using fsck -/dev/mdx -f) but I still can't list the root. "ls 
-l /" just hangs, as do any attempts to see the root directory in a 
graphical file manager. In dolphin this means there is nothing in the 
folders - and since that is the default starting point I have to 
manually enter a folder name (e.g. /home/me) in the location bar to be 
able to see anything - but even then the folders panel remains empty.


Even running commands like df -h hang because they can't access the root 
folder. However the system is otherwise running normally.


Strangely, in the past simply booting to a rescue shell then exiting 
would also work. I'd usually try to do an fsck on the raid device but 
that would always fail because it was mounted.


The only thing I noticed that was unusual was I rebooted after 
installing the latest Trixie updates this morning. That took about 10 
minutes to shut down - 6 of which were spent waiting for a drkonqi 
process to finish. There was also a systemd message really late in the 
shutdown about /dev/md0 but that's not the root device.


I'm used to Linux taking its time to shutdown lately so I don't think 
this was related. The systemd shutdown just seems to be easily delayed.


Any ideas on how I can restore my ability to see the root directory?

Re: Changing The PSI Definition

[hw]

On Fri, 2024-01-26 at 07:25 -0500, Dan Ritter wrote:
> Greg Wooledge wrote: 
> > On Thu, Jan 25, 2024 at 07:32:38PM -0500, Thomas George wrote:
> > > The current PSI works perfectly but I don't like the pale green prompt.
> > > 
> > > Tried editing .bashrd , /ext/fprofile and /ext/bash.bashrc but no changes 
> > > to
> > > the PSI definition had any effect
> > 
> > You appear to be asking about the shell prompt.
> > 
> > In bash, the shell prompt is defined in the PS1 variable, which stands
> > for "Prompt String One (1)".  The last character is the numeral 1, not
> > the capital letter I.
> 
> Might be time for a new font. I like Inconsolata, but l1I!
> should never look similar, nor O0@ or S$. 

Maybe try Monospace, 'BPG Courier GPL' or 'BPG Courier S GPL'.
I'm finding the line spacing with Monospace more useful though, and it
seems better balanced and better readable than 'Source Code Pro'.

For proportional fonts Helvetica is awesome (the licence for it was
well worth it to me).

Monospace and Helvetica also go together very well.

Re: Bug: Tab completion for pdf files with blanks in path

[Max Nikulin]

On 29/01/2024 19:40, Greg Wooledge wrote:

Let me test that as well

[...]

unicorn:/tmp$ xyz dir\ with\ blanks/dir2/file


"okular" is important here. Only limited set of file name suffixes are 
allowed for some commands. You do not need to have okular installed, 
completion rules are part of bash-completion.

Re: Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[Nicolas George]

hw (12024-01-29):
> Ok in that case, hardware RAID is a requirement for machines with UEFI

That is not true, you can still put the RAID in a partition and keep the
boot partitions in sync manually or with scripts.

-- 
  Nicolas George

Re: Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[hw]

On Mon, 2024-01-29 at 14:45 +0100, Franco Martelli wrote:
> On 28/01/24 at 17:17, hw wrote:
> > On Fri, 2024-01-26 at 16:57 +0100, Nicolas George wrote:
> > > hw (12024-01-26):
> > > > How do you make the BIOS read the EFI partition when it's on mdadm
> > > > RAID?
> > > 
> > > I have not yet tested but my working hypothesis is that the firmware
> > > will just ignore the RAID and read the EFI partition: with the scheme I
> > > described, the GPT points to the EFI partition and the EFI partition
> > > just contains the data.
> > > 
> > > Of course, it only works with RAID1, where the data on disk is the data
> > > in RAID.
> > 
> > Ok if Andy and you are right, you could reasonably boot machines with
> > an UEFI BIOS when using mdadm RAID :)
> 
> There is a sort of HOWTO [1] published in the archLinux wiki [2] but I 
> don't advise it because there are many things that could go wrong.
> 
> Cheers,
> 
> [1] https://outflux.net/blog/archives/2018/04/19/uefi-booting-and-raid1/
> [2] 
> https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/EFI_system_partition#ESP_on_software_RAID1

Ok in that case, hardware RAID is a requirement for machines with UEFI
BIOS since otherwise their reliability is insufficient.

I didn't plan on using hardware RAID for my next server, and now
things are getting way more complicated than they already are because
I can't just keep using the disks from my current one :(  Hmm ...

But I'm glad that I looked into this.

A Clean Office Is A Happy Office

[Linda Silva]

Good Day

We are a local janitorial company with many years' experience in cleaning. We 
are visiting other customers in your area next week and would like to come by 
and provide you a cleaning estimate.

We have slots open for next week, let me know what works with your schedule.

Thanks

Re: Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[hw]

On Sun, 2024-01-28 at 21:55 +, Andy Smith wrote:
> Hello,
> 
> On Sun, Jan 28, 2024 at 09:09:17PM +0100, hw wrote:
> > On Sun, 2024-01-28 at 17:32 +, Andy Smith wrote:
> > > If someone DOES want a script option that solves that problem, a
> > > couple of actual working scripts were supplied in the link I gave to
> > > the earlier thread:
> > > 
> > > https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2020/11/msg00455.html
> > > https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2020/11/msg00458.html
> > 
> > Huh?  Isn't it simpler to use mdraid RAID1 to keep the UEFI partitions
> > in sync without extra scripts needed?
> 
> Could you read the first link above.

I did, and it doesn't explain why you would need a bunch of scripts.

Re: How to insert symbols into emails (was: Re: Monospace fonts, Re: Changing The PSI Definition)

[Bret Busby]

On 29/1/24 22:54, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:

On Mon, Jan 29, 2024 at 03:29:57PM +0100, Franco Martelli wrote:

On 26/01/24 at 20:50, David Wright wrote:

I'll give a shout-out for Hack,¹ which I can't fault for use in
xterms. Comparingxterm -geometry 80x25+0+0 -fa hack -fs 16
with   xterm -geometry 80x25+0+0 -fa inconsolata -fs 18
(to make the sizes roughly the same), I find the inconsolata
stroke width on the basic Roman alphabet is a little spindly.

Other criticisms are that the stroke widths (and even the size)
later in the table (eg 0x256–1312) are thicker or larger, and
many single-width characters are slightly oversize and get
truncated at the top & right (eg Ŵ at 0x372, Lj 456). Mixing
fractions is ugly, too: ½ ⅓ ⅔ ¼ ¾ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞. The ‘’ quotes
are pretty, though.


Those symbols are very nice, which tool have you used to insert them? I'm
using Thunderbird for my emails but I've to enable "Compose message in HTML"
to have a small subset of symbols, for me isn't enough. I'm using KDE
desktop.


Easy. I configured my CAPSLOCK key (which is useless IMO) 


With the CAPSLOCK key, I simply get a special switchblade style knife 
that I use as a letter opener, and use the point to remove that 
particular key, as I have found the key to be harmful.



Bret Busby
Armadale
Western Australia
(UTC+0800)
.

Re: exemple en GNU bash de variable tableau

[Michel Verdier]

Le 29 janvier 2024 Basile Starynkevitch a écrit :

> J'essaie de collecter dans une variable tableau de bash  files_to_remove les
> fichiers temporaires (qu'il faudrait suprimer à la fin de cez script).

Pourquoi un tableau ? Une simple liste ne suffit pas ?

Re: Q: Gnome network odd

[David Wright]

On Mon 29 Jan 2024 at 21:36:39 (+0900), Byunghee HWANG (황병희) wrote:
> 
> For months ago, i did upgrade Debian 12 to Debian Sid. At that time,
> Gnome network icon was odd. That appered as like question mark. So
> after i googling, i removed some file in /etc. Then OK! The Internet is
> started. (i did googling with smartphone).
> 
> 
>  soyeomul@thinkpad-e495:/etc/network$ LANG=C.UTF-8 ls -l
> total 24
> drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  7 18:51 if-down.d
> drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  8 19:45 if-post-down.d
> drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  8 19:45 if-pre-up.d
> drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  7 18:51 if-up.d
> drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 24  2023 interfaces.d
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  433 Oct  4 17:23 interfaces.orig
> soyeomul@thinkpad-e495:/etc/network$ 
> 
> 
> As you see above, i removed /etc/network/interfaces file. Anyway now it
> works everything! No problem!
> 
> Is this a bug? Or am i wrong?
> 
> Ref: 
> https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/457856/how-to-fix-debians-networkmanager-with-question-mark-even-though-network-is-wor

AIUI there are several network configuration tools that defer to
configurations that are set up in /e/n/i, which would be handled
by ifupdown preferentially. Generally, removing /e/n/i completely,
as you have, is fine. One side effect is that any entries in
/e/n/interfaces.d/ will also be disabled.

The only machine on which I keep /e/n/i and ifupdown is my travelling
laptop, for tethering with my phone:

  allow-hotplug usb0

  iface usb0 inet dhcp

BTW I don't know why you're running sid, but it's generally expected
that sid users would be familiar with stuff like this, particularly
as your question is already answered in the reference.

Cheers,
David.

Re: Bug: Tab completion for pdf files with blanks in path

[David Wright]

On Mon 29 Jan 2024 at 07:40:13 (-0500), Greg Wooledge wrote:
> On Mon, Jan 29, 2024 at 09:32:18AM +0100, Michael Kiermaier wrote:
> > I would like to run okular opening the pdf file
> > ~/dir1\ with\ blanks/dir2/file.pdf
> > via command line. In konsole I type
> > okular ~/dir1\ with\ blanks/
> > and hit the tab key twice for autocomplete. But I won't get offered
> > dir2. After adding more letters like
> 
> My first question would be: does the problem still occur if you disable
> bash-completion?  Open a new instance of bash and run "complete -r" to
> remove all programmable completions.  See if the problem still occurs.
> Then close that instance of bash.
> 
> > okular ~/dir1\ with\ blanks/di
> > to make the completion to dir2 unique
> 
> Oh, there's more than one subdir?  Let me test that as well
> 
> Yeah, even with both dir1 and dir2 (each containing a file), I still get
> the expected behavior in bash without bash-completion in the picture.
> 
> unicorn:~$ cd /tmp
> unicorn:/tmp$ mkdir -p 'dir with blanks'/dir2
> unicorn:/tmp$ touch "$_"/file
> 
> (first experiments with tab completion, not shown)
> 
> unicorn:/tmp$ mkdir -p 'dir with blanks'/dir1
> unicorn:/tmp$ touch "$_"/otherfile
> unicorn:/tmp$ xyz dir\ with\ blanks/dir
> dir1/ dir2/ 
> unicorn:/tmp$ xyz dir\ with\ blanks/dir2/file 
> 
> I'm assuming whatever issue you're seeing is the result of a
> bash-completion bug, not a bash bug.  If you can confirm that, then
> you'll know which package to file a bug against.

Unless I missed a bit in the OP, the bug is actually worse.
Type di and press TAB, and bash-completion gives you
dir\ with\ blanks/ ok. But now rub out the "nks/" at the end
and press TAB. It fails to complete even that directory name.

However, there's a workaround, which you really have to know
about if you're a bash-completion user, and that is:

  ESCAPE /

AFAICT you won't get the list of possibilities as you would normally,
but it should autocomplete as far as the string remains unique.

Cheers,
David.

Re: How to insert symbols into emails

[davenull]

Hello,

On 2024-01-29 15:29, Franco Martelli wrote:

On 26/01/24 at 20:50, David Wright wrote:

I'll give a shout-out for Hack,¹ which I can't fault for use in
xterms. Comparingxterm -geometry 80x25+0+0 -fa hack -fs 16
with   xterm -geometry 80x25+0+0 -fa inconsolata -fs 18
(to make the sizes roughly the same), I find the inconsolata
stroke width on the basic Roman alphabet is a little spindly.

Other criticisms are that the stroke widths (and even the size)
later in the table (eg 0x256–1312) are thicker or larger, and
many single-width characters are slightly oversize and get
truncated at the top & right (eg Ŵ at 0x372, Lj 456). Mixing
fractions is ugly, too: ½ ⅓ ⅔ ¼ ¾ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞. The ‘’ quotes
are pretty, though.


Those symbols are very nice, which tool have you used to insert them?
I'm using Thunderbird for my emails but I've to enable "Compose
message in HTML" to have a small subset of symbols, for me isn't
enough. I'm using KDE desktop.

Thanks in advance, best regards.


You shouldn't need HTML email to have fractions, they are part of 
Unicode.

You don't need any specific tool to insert them either.

But you do need to enable/define Compose key, if it's not enabled in 
your system already


You get those by Compose key + 1 + 2 should produce ½. Compose key + 1 + 
3 gives you ⅓, Compose key + 2 + 5 outputs ⅖… and so on, works for ⅚, ⅞… 
as well. Basically for whatever fraction that is part of Unicode.


And since it's Unicode, it also works outside of email/web/HTML. 
Plaintext file included.

Re: How to insert symbols into emails (was: Re: Monospace fonts, Re: Changing The PSI Definition)

[Greg Wooledge]

On Mon, Jan 29, 2024 at 03:54:44PM +0100, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:
> On Mon, Jan 29, 2024 at 03:29:57PM +0100, Franco Martelli wrote:
> > Those symbols are very nice, which tool have you used to insert them?
> 
> Easy. I configured my CAPSLOCK key (which is useless IMO) to be
> my X compose key. So entering COMPOSE-4-5 does ⅘, and COMPOSE-<-3
> does ♥. You can even define your own compose seqs, like I did with
> ♀ (COMPOSE-o-+) and others.

This is documented at  by the way.

Re: Encrypted partiotions - which files related?

[Hans]

Hi Arno,
> 
> That appears to be too much overhead to me... virtual machines (for
> server as full OS) seem much more appropriate to me, in particular as
> differences between in-VM and physical devices are pretty much (not
> completely, though!) abstracted away these days.
> 

non no, that is exactly, what I was not wanted. My goal was to have my 
environment completely and easily portable. Without the need of having 
virtualkbox or anything else: just plugin the usb-stick in ANY computer I 
want, and I have everything available. Instead of this, I could carry my 
notebook with me, but that is not what I want. Be prepared, also in any 
situations. And a usb-stick you can always carry with you. That was the idea.

And except this little annoying question at boot - which is only annoying and 
does no harm - everyt6hing is running perfectly to my needs.

Oh, and I believe, you are right, the cuase of this issue might really be the 
initrd (which maye can be configured somehow) and then chosen as the initrd, 
which is copied to the livesystem. Maybe I will take a look at this.

However, it looks like no one else had other ideas, which are the files 
responsible, that the boot process is discovering the harddrive and wants to 
decrypt it. 

If no one else has any ideas in the future, I think, we should declare this 
issue as closed. 

I got a workaround, this is well enough for me.

Thank you and all others for your help!

Best regards

Hans  
 

Re: How to insert symbols into emails (was: Re: Monospace fonts, Re: Changing The PSI Definition)

[Michael Grant]

On Mon, Jan 29, 2024 at 03:29:57PM +0100, Franco Martelli wrote:
> On 26/01/24 at 20:50, David Wright wrote: > I'll give a shout-out for Hack,¹
> which I can't fault for use in > xterms. Comparing xterm -geometry 80x25+0+0
> -fa hack -fs 16 > with xterm -geometry 80x25+0 Sangu verification:
> ⓘ No issues found, please report it if otherwise
> Request analyst action Verified by Sangu
> On 26/01/24 at 20:50, David Wright wrote:
> > I'll give a shout-out for Hack,¹ which I can't fault for use in
> > xterms. Comparingxterm -geometry 80x25+0+0 -fa hack -fs 16
> > with   xterm -geometry 80x25+0+0 -fa inconsolata -fs 18
> > (to make the sizes roughly the same), I find the inconsolata
> > stroke width on the basic Roman alphabet is a little spindly.
> >
> > Other criticisms are that the stroke widths (and even the size)
> > later in the table (eg 0x256–1312) are thicker or larger, and
> > many single-width characters are slightly oversize and get
> > truncated at the top & right (eg Ŵ at 0x372, Lj 456). Mixing
> > fractions is ugly, too: ½ ⅓ ⅔ ¼ ¾ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞. The ‘’ quotes
> > are pretty, though.
> 
> Those symbols are very nice, which tool have you used to insert them?
> I'm using Thunderbird for my emails but I've to enable "Compose message
> in HTML" to have a small subset of symbols, for me isn't enough. I'm
> using KDE desktop.
> 
> Thanks in advance, best regards.

I bet this has come up before.  I'll tell you what I did to solve
this.

For the most part, I use Debian on servers and I access them through a
windows desktop, so for me, the solution starts on Windows.  There's
different keyboards you can configure on windows but none of them get
you at arbitrary unicode characters.  What I did do was use a program
named kbdedit which allowed me to craft a key mapping for my keyboard
so I could create the various keys I wanted to use, and for the
characters that I don't use regularrly, I just copypaste the code from
either a web page or from kbdedit into the window, be that putty or ms
word.

What I did was create a heavily compose-key key mapping.  I use the
right hand alt key as the compose key.  So for me ½ is simply alt-1
2.  The accented letters like é is just alt-e '.

Is there a way to create a similar keyboard mapping in X-windows on
debian based systems?

I've often wondered what a "full unicode keyboard" might look like.
Unfortunately composing only gets you so far.  There's definitely some
common characters you can do by composing 2 characters logically but
it's far far from complete.  I do wonder if someday we'll see larger
physical keyboards with some extra keys at the top to eventually
access all characters via some logical interface rather than having to
know their unicode code point.

Michael Grant


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Description: PGP signature

Re: How to insert symbols into emails (was: Re: Monospace fonts, Re: Changing The PSI Definition)

[tomas]

On Mon, Jan 29, 2024 at 03:29:57PM +0100, Franco Martelli wrote:
> On 26/01/24 at 20:50, David Wright wrote:
> > I'll give a shout-out for Hack,¹ which I can't fault for use in
> > xterms. Comparingxterm -geometry 80x25+0+0 -fa hack -fs 16
> > with   xterm -geometry 80x25+0+0 -fa inconsolata -fs 18
> > (to make the sizes roughly the same), I find the inconsolata
> > stroke width on the basic Roman alphabet is a little spindly.
> > 
> > Other criticisms are that the stroke widths (and even the size)
> > later in the table (eg 0x256–1312) are thicker or larger, and
> > many single-width characters are slightly oversize and get
> > truncated at the top & right (eg Ŵ at 0x372, Lj 456). Mixing
> > fractions is ugly, too: ½ ⅓ ⅔ ¼ ¾ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞. The ‘’ quotes
> > are pretty, though.
> 
> Those symbols are very nice, which tool have you used to insert them? I'm
> using Thunderbird for my emails but I've to enable "Compose message in HTML"
> to have a small subset of symbols, for me isn't enough. I'm using KDE
> desktop.

Easy. I configured my CAPSLOCK key (which is useless IMO) to be
my X compose key. So entering COMPOSE-4-5 does ⅘, and COMPOSE-<-3
does ♥. You can even define your own compose seqs, like I did with
♀ (COMPOSE-o-+) and others.

The nice part is that it works for /all/ X11 applications, even
in a plain old xterm (I'm writing this mail in vim in an xterm).

Cheers
-- 
t


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Description: PGP signature

How to insert symbols into emails (was: Re: Monospace fonts, Re: Changing The PSI Definition)

[Franco Martelli]

On 26/01/24 at 20:50, David Wright wrote:

I'll give a shout-out for Hack,¹ which I can't fault for use in
xterms. Comparingxterm -geometry 80x25+0+0 -fa hack -fs 16
with   xterm -geometry 80x25+0+0 -fa inconsolata -fs 18
(to make the sizes roughly the same), I find the inconsolata
stroke width on the basic Roman alphabet is a little spindly.

Other criticisms are that the stroke widths (and even the size)
later in the table (eg 0x256–1312) are thicker or larger, and
many single-width characters are slightly oversize and get
truncated at the top & right (eg Ŵ at 0x372, Lj 456). Mixing
fractions is ugly, too: ½ ⅓ ⅔ ¼ ¾ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞. The ‘’ quotes
are pretty, though.


Those symbols are very nice, which tool have you used to insert them? 
I'm using Thunderbird for my emails but I've to enable "Compose message 
in HTML" to have a small subset of symbols, for me isn't enough. I'm 
using KDE desktop.


Thanks in advance, best regards.

--
Franco Martelli

Re: Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[Franco Martelli]

On 28/01/24 at 17:17, hw wrote:

On Fri, 2024-01-26 at 16:57 +0100, Nicolas George wrote:

hw (12024-01-26):

How do you make the BIOS read the EFI partition when it's on mdadm
RAID?


I have not yet tested but my working hypothesis is that the firmware
will just ignore the RAID and read the EFI partition: with the scheme I
described, the GPT points to the EFI partition and the EFI partition
just contains the data.

Of course, it only works with RAID1, where the data on disk is the data
in RAID.


Ok if Andy and you are right, you could reasonably boot machines with
an UEFI BIOS when using mdadm RAID :)


There is a sort of HOWTO [1] published in the archLinux wiki [2] but I 
don't advise it because there are many things that could go wrong.


Cheers,

[1] https://outflux.net/blog/archives/2018/04/19/uefi-booting-and-raid1/
[2] 
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/EFI_system_partition#ESP_on_software_RAID1


--
Franco Martelli

Re: Bug: Tab completion for pdf files with blanks in path

[Greg Wooledge]

On Mon, Jan 29, 2024 at 09:32:18AM +0100, Michael Kiermaier wrote:
> I would like to run okular opening the pdf file
>   ~/dir1\ with\ blanks/dir2/file.pdf
> via command line. In konsole I type
> okular ~/dir1\ with\ blanks/
> and hit the tab key twice for autocomplete. But I won't get offered
> dir2. After adding more letters like

My first question would be: does the problem still occur if you disable
bash-completion?  Open a new instance of bash and run "complete -r" to
remove all programmable completions.  See if the problem still occurs.
Then close that instance of bash.

>   okular ~/dir1\ with\ blanks/di
> to make the completion to dir2 unique

Oh, there's more than one subdir?  Let me test that as well

Yeah, even with both dir1 and dir2 (each containing a file), I still get
the expected behavior in bash without bash-completion in the picture.

unicorn:~$ cd /tmp
unicorn:/tmp$ mkdir -p 'dir with blanks'/dir2
unicorn:/tmp$ touch "$_"/file

(first experiments with tab completion, not shown)

unicorn:/tmp$ mkdir -p 'dir with blanks'/dir1
unicorn:/tmp$ touch "$_"/otherfile
unicorn:/tmp$ xyz dir\ with\ blanks/dir
dir1/ dir2/ 
unicorn:/tmp$ xyz dir\ with\ blanks/dir2/file 

I'm assuming whatever issue you're seeing is the result of a
bash-completion bug, not a bash bug.  If you can confirm that, then
you'll know which package to file a bug against.

Re: exemple en GNU bash de variable tableau

[bidons59]

Bonjour

Suis certainement à côté de la plaque, mais l'instruction "trap" 
pourrait peut être faire l'affaire?




On 29/01/2024 12:42, didier gaumet wrote:

Bonjour,

Avertissement: j'ai jamais vraiment écrit quoi que ce soit en Bash donc 
ne pas se fier aveuglément à mes paroles


De ce que je comprends, Bash ne gère pas nativement les tableaux 
multi-dimensions (cf la doc Bash):

https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Arrays.html

il faut donc contourner cette limitation. Un exemple ici:
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/611813/how-to-implement-2d-matrix-using-shell-script

Q: Gnome network odd

[황병희]

Hellow Debian hackers,

For months ago, i did upgrade Debian 12 to Debian Sid. At that time,
Gnome network icon was odd. That appered as like question mark. So
after i googling, i removed some file in /etc. Then OK! The Internet is
started. (i did googling with smartphone).


 soyeomul@thinkpad-e495:/etc/network$ LANG=C.UTF-8 ls -l
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  7 18:51 if-down.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  8 19:45 if-post-down.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  8 19:45 if-pre-up.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  7 18:51 if-up.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 24  2023 interfaces.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  433 Oct  4 17:23 interfaces.orig
soyeomul@thinkpad-e495:/etc/network$ 


As you see above, i removed /etc/network/interfaces file. Anyway now it
works everything! No problem!

Is this a bug? Or am i wrong?

Ref: 
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/457856/how-to-fix-debians-networkmanager-with-question-mark-even-though-network-is-wor


Sincerely, Byunghee


-- 
^고맙습니다 _布德天下_ 감사합니다_^))//

Re: Encrypted partiotions - which files related?

[Arno Lehmann]

Hello Hans,

Am 29.01.2024 um 12:34 schrieb Hans:

Am Montag, 29. Januar 2024, 12:16:14 CET schrieb Arno Lehmann:
Hi Arno,

yes, I saw the option SRCDISK. For my understanding it is used, when you want
to mount a an alien system i.e. via network and make a livefile from this.

But even I will do so, still all files will be copied to the livefilesystem,
this makes no change.


Well, I think this is what you can expect when using a tool to 
essentially copy your running Linux to a DVD image.



You asked me, what I want. Simple: I am running KALI-Linux on one of my
notebooks· with encrypted partitions.

As my KALI got some tools, which need lots of plugins, has added some software
NOT in the KALI-repo and got several personal settings, I could not build a
livefile system of KALI by using live-build.


I'll try to not digress into why you would want to use a heavily 
modified Kali in the first place, and then copy it to a different media, 
which probably results in something quite unmaintainable ;-)


...

Everything is working perfectly, except this little annoying at boot.
So I understand you want the exact same system as you run it on the 
host, *but* without the file systems mounted.


Here we reach the point where I must admit I do not know how bootcdwrite 
works :-)


However, from its documentation, I conclude it essentially puts all 
system configuration into its target directory tree, but it will have to 
modify some of it -- for example, if / is mounted from the live file 
system, a mount point in /etc/fstab for / would be counterproductive. 
The tool, accordingly, has to modify all the fstab entries for the file 
systems it copies.


That seems to work, as you state above. Also apparently, the underlying 
block storage setup *is* copied.


Your goal seems clear, you do not want that block storage to be 
accessed, so you'd have tomake sure the necessary setup is *not* copied. 
Depending on the stack you use, that could be md, lvm, luks, and 
possible more stuff.


Now, where do you draw the line? I, for example, would prefer to have md 
automatically trying to assemble any RAID it may find, and LVM to kick 
in, too.


Matters of taste put aside -- I think you can use the extra_changes() 
function in the configuration to mangle the respective configurations 
according to your needs. Removing entries from fstab and crypttab would 
possibly be sufficient, but if the created image makes use of your 
existing initrd, you might have to modify that as well.


In that latter case, I would probably decide that the modifications are 
so invasive, that the idea to call this a "copy" of the origin system is 
no longer true, and just using a generic live / rescue system may be easier.



Besides: Doing so, is a great advantage, as you might agree: I can make a
livesystem from a server, then boot it and now can dangerousless test different
configurations, can install packages, can test special settings and so on. Just
without to harm any productive system.


That appears to be too much overhead to me... virtual machines (for 
server as full OS) seem much more appropriate to me, in particular as 
differences between in-VM and physical devices are pretty much (not 
completely, though!) abstracted away these days.


If a real, identical piece of hardware is needed for such projects, I 
would rather invest money than time and still carry the risk to 
accidentally destroy a production system, which also would, by 
necessity, be down for whenever I experiment. Which would at least make 
comparisons of behaviour much more difficult.



And after testing, I can easily change the well tested configurations to the
productive server!

Two advantages, as you see.


My views are quite different, but that may be because I'm working too 
much in environments where lab - staging - production systems are 
prescribed anyway, and configuration is engineered in labs and 
eventually deployed through automated systems.



Does this make things a little bit clearer?



Definitely clearer, but I suspect you'll eventually have to put a lot of 
your own effort into your final solution, as the general idea is rather 
specific.


Cheers,

Arno


--
Arno Lehmann

IT-Service Lehmann
Sandstr. 6, 49080 Osnabrück

Re: exemple en GNU bash de variable tableau

[didier gaumet]

Bonjour,

Avertissement: j'ai jamais vraiment écrit quoi que ce soit en Bash donc 
ne pas se fier aveuglément à mes paroles


De ce que je comprends, Bash ne gère pas nativement les tableaux 
multi-dimensions (cf la doc Bash):

https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Arrays.html

il faut donc contourner cette limitation. Un exemple ici:
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/611813/how-to-implement-2d-matrix-using-shell-script

Re: Encrypted partiotions - which files related?

[Hans]

Am Montag, 29. Januar 2024, 12:16:14 CET schrieb Arno Lehmann:
Hi Arno,

yes, I saw the option SRCDISK. For my understanding it is used, when you want 
to mount a an alien system i.e. via network and make a livefile from this.

But even I will do so, still all files will be copied to the livefilesystem, 
this makes no change.

You asked me, what I want. Simple: I am running KALI-Linux on one of my 
notebooks· with encrypted partitions. 

As my KALI got some tools, which need lots of plugins, has added some software 
NOT in the KALI-repo and got several personal settings, I could not build a 
livefile system of KALI by using live-build.


Thus my idea, creating a livefile from the running KALI (which I did already 
successfull with a debian system on another computer) and copy it to a usb-
stick by using the dd command.

So I created an ISO with about 32GB size, than copied it to a 64GB usb-stick 
and Voila, I got my own KALI running from usb-stick.

Everything is working perfectly, except this little annoying at boot.

Besides: Doing so, is a great advantage, as you might agree: I can make a 
livesystem from a server, then boot it and now can dangerousless test different 
configurations, can install packages, can test special settings and so on. Just 
without to harm any productive system. 

And after testing, I can easily change the well tested configurations to the 
productive server!

Two advantages, as you see.

Does this make things a little bit clearer?

Best

Hans  
> Hi Hans,
> 
> Am 29.01.2024 um 11:30 schrieb Hans:
> > Hi folks,
> > 
> > I created a livefile system with bootcdwrite from a system with encrypted
> > partitions.
> > 
> > Everything is working fine, but ...
> 
> Checking the manual for bootcdwrite.conf, I find
> 
> OPTIONS
> 
> SRCDISK
> The Variables SRCDISK defines the root of the files that will be copied.
> 
> For example, to build an image from a remote system, export
> root-directory with nfs, mount it locally to /mnt/remote and add:
> 
> SRCDISK=/mnt/remote
> 
> 
> 
> It is added as prefix to KERNEL, INITRD, DISABLE_CRON and NOT_TO_CD, if
> this are relativ paths (without starting "/")
> 
> Default:
> 
> SRCDISK=/
> 
> 
> which I understand implies that, by default, bootcdwrite more or less
> copying the system you run it on. Thus, the expectation that it should
> keep off of your lawn, erm, partitions seems unrealistic.
> 
> On the other hand, you can create a configuration that uses a different
> source system, or modifies it. In your case, it appears that you want
> some modifications.
> 
> My understanding, however, is that you want modifications going so deep,
> that it may be more reasonable to *not* start with your regular system.
> Before we try to identify what you'd have to exclude, can you give us an
> idea of what your actual goal ist?
> 
> Cheers,
> 
> Arno

Re: Encrypted partiotions - which files related?

[Arno Lehmann]

Hi Hans,

Am 29.01.2024 um 11:30 schrieb Hans:

Hi folks,

I created a livefile system with bootcdwrite from a system with encrypted
partitions.

Everything is working fine, but ...


Checking the manual for bootcdwrite.conf, I find

OPTIONS

SRCDISK
The Variables SRCDISK defines the root of the files that will be copied.

For example, to build an image from a remote system, export 
root-directory with nfs, mount it locally to /mnt/remote and add:


SRCDISK=/mnt/remote



It is added as prefix to KERNEL, INITRD, DISABLE_CRON and NOT_TO_CD, if 
this are relativ paths (without starting "/")


Default:

SRCDISK=/


which I understand implies that, by default, bootcdwrite more or less 
copying the system you run it on. Thus, the expectation that it should 
keep off of your lawn, erm, partitions seems unrealistic.


On the other hand, you can create a configuration that uses a different 
source system, or modifies it. In your case, it appears that you want 
some modifications.


My understanding, however, is that you want modifications going so deep, 
that it may be more reasonable to *not* start with your regular system. 
Before we try to identify what you'd have to exclude, can you give us an 
idea of what your actual goal ist?


Cheers,

Arno

--
Arno Lehmann

IT-Service Lehmann
Sandstr. 6, 49080 Osnabrück

Re: OT - Mini encuesta: Núcleo de linux instalado (completo o dirigido)

[Guillermo Galeano Fernández , Lic .]

On Sun, Jan 28, 2024, 2:23 PM Camaleón  wrote:

> Hola,
>
> Siempre que instalo una nueva verisón de Debian en servidores, utilizo
> la imagen compacta (netinst) y selecciono el instalador avanzado sin
> entorno gráfico, que en un momento determinado, pregunta qué tipo de
> núcloe quiero instalar:
>
> 1. Iamgen del kernel completo (ocupa más espacio pero tiene todos los
> controladores/módulos y genera una inirt más gordo); o bien,
>
> 2. Imagen dirigida del kernel, que únicamente instala los controaldores
> dependiendo de los componentes de hardware detectados en el equipo y
> genera un initrd de tamaño más reducido.
>
> Dada mi aversión a las instalacines copiosas O:-) siempre selecciono la
> opción 2, y la verdad es que nunca he tenido problemas al respecto
> (entiendo que si posteriormente instalo un componente nuevo en el
> equipo del que no tengo cargado el módulo correspondiente, podré hacerlo
> manualmente) pero me pregunto qué hace el resto de usuarios.
>
> 
> Pregunta (mini encuesta) para quienes utilizan la instalación avanzada o
> que hayan tenido que responder a la pregunta del tipo de imagen del
> kernel a instalar en el sistema:
>
> ¿Qué opción escogéis (1 o 2)?
>
> ¿Y por qué?
> ***
>

Antes, escogía la opción 2 (kernel dirigido), por el mismo motivo que tú,
pero ahora todo lo hago con la opción 1
(kernel completo / genérico) debido a que pasé por éstas 3 situaciones que
comento a continuación:

a) Necesité arrancar desde un HDD que ya tenía un Debian en otro hardware
(motherboard /CPU) distinto, esa vez aprendí sobre las diferencias entre
ambas opciones, el initrd, chroot y cómo recrearlo desde un livecd.

b) Luego me tocó convertir como 5 servidores físicos a virtuales (P2V) con
dd y allí también me pasó que algunos no arrancaron y algunos sí y desde
allí decidí que me conviene instalar un kernel genérico.

c) Hace poco quedé sin equipo y necesitaba urgente un Debian, entonces lo
instalé en un equipo prestado (laptop) en un pendrive de 32GB, por supuesto
con kernel genérico, luego volvió mi desktop y no quería reinstalar todo y
entonces con rsync solucioné el problema.

Por todo lo anteriormente expuesto prefiero el kernel genérico (opción 1),
porque el espacio ocupado en disco es casi despreciable y en RAM al
descomprimirlo, pues casi lo mismo y ahora que lo pienso, si consideramos
el tener drivers sin utilizar como una superficie de ataque 'mayor' a la
requerida, no recuerdo haber visto/leído algún ataque que utilice algun
driver que esté presente pero que no sea utilizado.

Saludos.


> Saludos,
>
> P.S. Aprovecho para recordar la reciente opción de Mozilla Firefox para
> instalar el navegador desde un paquete .deb (o desde los repos de
> Mozilla), por si a alguien le puede interesar esta alternativa que se
> encuentra disponible desde hace varios días:
>
> Instalar el paquete .deb de Firefox para distribuciones basadas en Debian
>
> https://support.mozilla.org/es/kb/Instalar-firefox-linux#w_install-firefox-deb-package-for-debian-based-distributions
>
>
Ésto de Firefox debe ir en otro correo. ;-)

Saludos,
>
> --
> Camaleón
>

Encrypted partiotions - which files related?

[Hans]

Hi folks, 

I created a livefile system with bootcdwrite from a system with encrypted 
partitions.

Everything is working fine, but strangely the livefile discovers the encrypted 
partitions and wants the decryption keys. This is wondering me, because the 
livefile is running in RAM and should not access the harddrive, encrypted or 
not.

The workaround is, before creating the livefilesystem, I moved /etc/crypttab 
out of the way. Thus, it already wants to decrypt, but pressing enter for 
three times (pass an ampty password) let the boot go on.

So I searched, which files are related to encrypted partitions, too, to get 
them also out of the way, but I found none.

What did I miss? Any idea or solution, why thje livefile still finds and want 
to 
decrypt those partitions?

Besides: If I let /etc/crypttab stay, then I must enter the correct password 
of the partitions during boot in the livefile (which IMO is normal).

Thanks for any feedback.

Best regards

Hans
 

exemple en GNU bash de variable tableau

[Basile Starynkevitch]

Bonjour la liste

Dans https://github.com/RefPerSys/RefPerSys (un projet de moteur 
d'inférences sous licence GPLv3+ pour Debian) j'essaie de coder un 
script en bash de configuration (simple).


Voir le commit bfb1314 du fichier do-configure-refpersys.bash

(les commentaires sont en mauvais englais)

J'essaie de collecter dans une variable tableau de bash  files_to_remove 
les fichiers temporaires (qu'il faudrait suprimer à la fin de cez script).


Je n'arrive pas à comprendre la syntaxe des variables tableau en GNU bash.

Pour info, mon ordinateur est x86-64 sous Debian/Trixie mis à jour ce matin.

Avec GNU bash, version 5.2.21(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)

Merci de vos eclairages, ou bien d'un exemple (moins de cent lignes de 
GNU bash) qui utilise une variable tableau en y ajouter (dans une 
itération) des éléments (ici des noms de fichiers à supprimer plus tard)



Librement
--
Basile Starynkevitch 
(only mine opinions / les opinions sont miennes uniquement)
92340 Bourg-la-Reine, France
web page: starynkevitch.net/Basile/
See https://github.com/RefPerSys/RefPerSys

Bug: Tab completion for pdf files with blanks in path

[Michael Kiermaier]

Dear Debian Team,

I think I found a bug, and I'm writing to this list as I don't know the
associated package (according to https://www.debian.org/Bugs/Reporting).
I'm experiencing this bug in konsole (KDE's terminal emulator), but the
same bug has been reported here
https://askubuntu.com/q/133
in xfce-terminal on Ubuntu 20.04, so I don't think it is a konsole or a
KDE bug. Maybe the affected package is bash-autocompletion, but I don't
know for sure.


I would like to run okular opening the pdf file
~/dir1\ with\ blanks/dir2/file.pdf
via command line. In konsole I type
okular ~/dir1\ with\ blanks/
and hit the tab key twice for autocomplete. But I won't get offered
dir2. After adding more letters like
okular ~/dir1\ with\ blanks/di
to make the completion to dir2 unique, nothing happens at all after
hitting tab (twice). Only after spelling out the complete directory as
okular ~/dir1\ with\ blanks/dir2
and then hitting tab, autocomplete works again as expected.


My feeling is that there are two components which together trigger this bug.

(1) Blanks in the path.
The blanks in dir1\ with\ blanks, because renaming it to something
without a blank like dir1 makes the problem disappear. Also, note that
adding a blank to dir2 is not a problem.

(2) Automatic filtering of autocompletion candidates.
Starting the command with 'konsole' and then hitting tab will only
complete to pdf files. When I do the same with 'ls' instead of 'okular',
no filtering takes place, and the above problem disappears (meaning that
typing
ls ~/dir1\ with\ blanks/
and hitting TAB twice will offer me dir2.


Relevant packages:

I'm on Debian 12 (stable) amd64.

konsole  4:22.12.3-1
bash  5.2.15-2+b2
bash-completion   1:2.11-6

$ uname -a
Linux goblin 6.1.0-17-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Debian 6.1.69-1
(2023-12-30) x86_64 GNU/Linux

Thank you.

Best,

~Michael