Re: NIO+Multithreaded TCPSocket listener, very low cpu utilisation
On Friday, 17 November 2017 at 14:28:38 UTC, kdevel wrote: On Thursday, 16 November 2017 at 19:37:31 UTC, ade90036 wrote: Can we enable some sort of profiling to see what is going on? You may compile the code with dmd -g -O -profile -profile=gc I currently struggle getting meaningful output. I want to terminate the program after a number (say 400) handled requests. When returning from main the program hangs, so I call exit. This works: ``` if (++accept_cnt > 400) { writeln ("returning"); taskPool.stop; return; } ``` I see the invocations [of the socket allocation wrapper] in handle_socket in the console but not in trace.log. Now they are in trace.log. Also I see this: --- Num TreeFuncPer CallsTimeTimeCall [...] 3991494852611824366 29635 void httpdtasks.handle_socket(std.socket.Socket) --- 30 milliseconds for handle_socket while the client side (Firefox) reports <= 1 ms. What does this mean? There is another point that bothers me: In each handle_socket invocation a new SocketSet is created. How can this allocation be done once per thread (thread local storage)?
Re: NIO+Multithreaded TCPSocket listener, very low cpu utilisation
On Thursday, 16 November 2017 at 19:37:31 UTC, ade90036 wrote: Can we enable some sort of profiling to see what is going on? You may compile the code with dmd -g -O -profile -profile=gc I currently struggle getting meaningful output. I want to terminate the program after a number (say 400) handled requests. When returning from main the program hangs, so I call exit. The running binary now produces a trace.log but even after wrapping new SocketSet(); into ``` auto socket_set_allocation_wrapper () { writeln (__FUNCTION__); return new SocketSet(); } ``` I see the invocations in handle_socket in the console but not in trace.log.
Re: NIO+Multithreaded TCPSocket listener, very low cpu utilisation
can you post both code, java and d, for sure we are all testing the sames On Thu, Nov 16, 2017 at 8:37 PM, ade90036 via Digitalmars-d-learn < digitalmars-d-learn@puremagic.com> wrote: > So, what is next? > > Can we enable some sort of profiling to see what is going on? >
Re: NIO+Multithreaded TCPSocket listener, very low cpu utilisation
So, what is next? Can we enable some sort of profiling to see what is going on?
Re: NIO+Multithreaded TCPSocket listener, very low cpu utilisation
Mediocre result... let me create a java equivalent program so we have a direct comparison.. These are the tests for a similar program in java. bombardier -c 200 -n 1 http://localhost:8081 Bombarding http://localhost:8081/ with 1 requests using 200 connections 1 / 1 [==] 100.00% 0s Done! StatisticsAvg StdevMax Reqs/sec 24527.29 14797.09 46439 Latency8.25ms15.52ms 235.79ms HTTP codes: 1xx - 0, 2xx - 1, 3xx - 0, 4xx - 0, 5xx - 0 others - 0 Throughput: 3.87MB/s
Re: NIO+Multithreaded TCPSocket listener, very low cpu utilisation
Result: bombardier -c 200 -n 1 http://localhost: Bombarding http://localhost: with 1 requests using 200 connections 1 / 1 [===] 100.00% 1m24s Done! StatisticsAvg StdevMax Reqs/sec 122.27 909.33 20363 Latency 49.98ms 192.16ms 1.07s HTTP codes: 1xx - 0, 2xx - , 3xx - 0, 4xx - 0, 5xx - 0 others - 1 Errors: the server closed connection before returning the first response byte. Make sure the server returns 'Connection: close' response header before closing the connection - 1 Throughput:36.89KB/s Mediocre result... let me create a java equivalent program so we have a direct comparison..
Re: NIO+Multithreaded TCPSocket listener, very low cpu utilisation
On Thursday, 16 November 2017 at 18:44:11 UTC, Daniel Kozak wrote: It works for me because I have multiple threads, but when I use only one thread per pool (defaultPoolThreads(1)), it obviosly blocks, which is correct behavior Ok, let me force the: "defaultPoolThreads(8)" and let me re-test it. By the way, if the socket is blocking you can remove all the socketSet and the socket.select as they are not needed anymore. like this.. https://dpaste.dzfl.pl/ca09e4c54789
Re: NIO+Multithreaded TCPSocket listener, very low cpu utilisation
It works for me because I have multiple threads, but when I use only one thread per pool (defaultPoolThreads(1)), it obviosly blocks, which is correct behavior On Thu, Nov 16, 2017 at 7:20 PM, Daniel Kozakwrote: > Hmm works ok for me. What OS? > > Dne 16. 11. 2017 12:05 dop. napsal uživatel "kdevel via > Digitalmars-d-learn" : > > On Wednesday, 15 November 2017 at 13:31:46 UTC, Daniel Kozak wrote: >> >>> This one works ok for me, but I am on linux: >>> https://dpaste.dzfl.pl/f54decee45bc >>> >> >> It works, but it does not handle two connects in parallel. STR: >> >> 1. start the binary in console 1 >> 2. telnet localhost in console 2 >> 3. telnet localhost in console 3 >> 4. enter a [RETURN] in console (3) >> >> observed: nothing (the "thread" handling the first connect blocks) >> expected: response >> >> On my machine defaultPoolThreads() returns 1. This can easily be >> increased: >> >> ``` >>defaultPoolThreads(8); >> ``` >> >> There is also another problem with Socket.select: It may return -1. This >> frequently happens when the ACCEPT socket is non-blocking and the select is >> interrupted (by the GC?) then errno == EINTR. >> >> Also not having a timeout in the Socket.select of handle_socket allows >> for DOS attacks like the one above. In case of a timeout select also >> returns -1. >> >
Re: NIO+Multithreaded TCPSocket listener, very low cpu utilisation
On Thursday, 16 November 2017 at 18:20:36 UTC, Daniel Kozak wrote: Hmm works ok for me. What OS? Dne 16. 11. 2017 12:05 dop. napsal uživatel "kdevel via Digitalmars-d-learn": [...] I'm running MacOS..
Re: NIO+Multithreaded TCPSocket listener, very low cpu utilisation
Hmm works ok for me. What OS? Dne 16. 11. 2017 12:05 dop. napsal uživatel "kdevel via Digitalmars-d-learn": > On Wednesday, 15 November 2017 at 13:31:46 UTC, Daniel Kozak wrote: > >> This one works ok for me, but I am on linux: >> https://dpaste.dzfl.pl/f54decee45bc >> > > It works, but it does not handle two connects in parallel. STR: > > 1. start the binary in console 1 > 2. telnet localhost in console 2 > 3. telnet localhost in console 3 > 4. enter a [RETURN] in console (3) > > observed: nothing (the "thread" handling the first connect blocks) > expected: response > > On my machine defaultPoolThreads() returns 1. This can easily be increased: > > ``` >defaultPoolThreads(8); > ``` > > There is also another problem with Socket.select: It may return -1. This > frequently happens when the ACCEPT socket is non-blocking and the select is > interrupted (by the GC?) then errno == EINTR. > > Also not having a timeout in the Socket.select of handle_socket allows for > DOS attacks like the one above. In case of a timeout select also returns -1. >
Re: NIO+Multithreaded TCPSocket listener, very low cpu utilisation
On Wednesday, 15 November 2017 at 23:04:46 UTC, kdevel wrote: On Wednesday, 15 November 2017 at 13:31:46 UTC, Daniel Kozak wrote: This one works ok for me, but I am on linux: https://dpaste.dzfl.pl/f54decee45bc It works, but it does not handle two connects in parallel. STR: 1. start the binary in console 1 2. telnet localhost in console 2 3. telnet localhost in console 3 4. enter a [RETURN] in console (3) observed: nothing (the "thread" handling the first connect blocks) expected: response On my machine defaultPoolThreads() returns 1. This can easily be increased: ``` defaultPoolThreads(8); ``` There is also another problem with Socket.select: It may return -1. This frequently happens when the ACCEPT socket is non-blocking and the select is interrupted (by the GC?) then errno == EINTR. Also not having a timeout in the Socket.select of handle_socket allows for DOS attacks like the one above. In case of a timeout select also returns -1. Hi Guys, so i have tried the latest changes with destroy(socket) rather than socket.close(). Still the program is extremely slow. I see that the httpclinet is making successfully 100 request at a time and then it freezes for 5/10 seconds and then it process another 100 request. As Kdevel pointed out, this could be related to the Socket.select blocking on the interupt or it would be GC kicking in. I also have seen the value computed for the defaultThread is not correct, hence i manually started the TaskPool(int thread) manually. I'm going to share my benchmark program so you can guys test with the same tool. Unfortunately it seems that there is some underline issue which is blocking the program and preventing to process all the incoming requests in a performant fashion, or at-least utilising the full CPU cycles. reagrds ade90036
Re: NIO+Multithreaded TCPSocket listener, very low cpu utilisation
On Wednesday, 15 November 2017 at 13:31:46 UTC, Daniel Kozak wrote: This one works ok for me, but I am on linux: https://dpaste.dzfl.pl/f54decee45bc It works, but it does not handle two connects in parallel. STR: 1. start the binary in console 1 2. telnet localhost in console 2 3. telnet localhost in console 3 4. enter a [RETURN] in console (3) observed: nothing (the "thread" handling the first connect blocks) expected: response On my machine defaultPoolThreads() returns 1. This can easily be increased: ``` defaultPoolThreads(8); ``` There is also another problem with Socket.select: It may return -1. This frequently happens when the ACCEPT socket is non-blocking and the select is interrupted (by the GC?) then errno == EINTR. Also not having a timeout in the Socket.select of handle_socket allows for DOS attacks like the one above. In case of a timeout select also returns -1.
Re: NIO+Multithreaded TCPSocket listener, very low cpu utilisation
On Wednesday, 15 November 2017 at 14:22:51 UTC, Daniel Kozak wrote: And this one https://paste.ofcode.org/KNqxcrmACLZLseB45MvwC I thrash your code with two shell processes ``` while true; do curl 127.0.0.1: -o /dev/null; done ``` running parallel. Using strace -fFeclose on the binary this happens frequently: ``` : [pid 10926] close(5)= 0 [pid 10926] close(4)= 0 [pid 10926] close(4)= 0 [pid 10926] close(4)= 0 [pid 10926] close(4)= 0 [pid 10926] --- SIGUSR1 (User defined signal 1) @ 0 (0) --- [pid 10926] --- SIGUSR2 (User defined signal 2) @ 0 (0) --- [pid 10919] close(4294967295) = -1 EBADF (Bad file descriptor) [pid 10919] close(4294967295) = -1 EBADF (Bad file descriptor) [pid 10919] close(4294967295) = -1 EBADF (Bad file descriptor) : [pid 10919] close(4294967295) = -1 EBADF (Bad file descriptor) [pid 10919] close(4294967295) = -1 EBADF (Bad file descriptor) [pid 10919] close(4294967295) = -1 EBADF (Bad file descriptor) [pid 10926] close(4)= 0 [pid 10926] close(4)= 0 [pid 10926] close(4)= 0 : ``` The destructor of Socket is trying to close the already closed socket? If the worker I change ``` socket.close(); ``` to ``` destroy (socket); ``` these close(-1) calls go away.
Re: NIO+Multithreaded TCPSocket listener, very low cpu utilisation
And this one https://paste.ofcode.org/KNqxcrmACLZLseB45MvwC Here you can test if threads makes difference when compile with: dmd -O -release -version=SINGLE_THREAD xxx.d it will use only one thread when compile with: dmd -O -release xxx.d it will use thread pool On Wed, Nov 15, 2017 at 2:31 PM, Daniel Kozakwrote: > This one works ok for me, but I am on linux: > https://dpaste.dzfl.pl/f54decee45bc > > On Wed, Nov 15, 2017 at 12:46 PM, Daniel Kozak wrote: > >> Do not use your own taskPool, just use global taskPool proerty (import >> std.parallelism: taskPool). >> >> You should not set blocking to false. And dont use Thread here. There is >> no reason to do that. Just move that code into the main >> >> Dne 15. 11. 2017 12:15 odp. napsal uživatel "ade90036 via >> Digitalmars-d-learn" : >> >> So thanks for the suggestions, i have fixed HTTP response not postman >> cal also parse the headers correctly!! happy days. >> >> I have removed the duration from the Socket.select but the application >> seems to process a bunch or requests and then it stalls for several seconds >> (3/5) and then it resumes. >> >> The httpclinet which i'm using to test the application is reporting: >> "connection timeout". >> >> Could this be caused by the GC? >> >> ```updated code >> >> import std.algorithm : remove; >> import std.conv : to; >> import core.thread: Thread; >> import std.socket : InternetAddress, Socket, SocketException, SocketSet, >> TcpSocket, SocketShutdown; >> import core.time : Duration, dur; >> import std.stdio : writeln, writefln; >> import std.parallelism : task, TaskPool; >> >> string to_retlf (string s) >> { >>import std.algorithm; >>import std.string; >>return s >> .lineSplitter >> .map!(a => chomp (a)) >> .join ("\r\n"); >> } >> >> void main(string[] args) >> { >> ushort port; >> >> if (args.length >= 2) >> port = to!ushort(args[1]); >> else >> port = ; >> >> >> auto listener = new TcpSocket(); >> assert(listener.isAlive); >> listener.blocking = false; >> listener.bind(new InternetAddress(port)); >> listener.listen(100); >> writefln("Listening on port %d.", port); >> >> auto taskPool = new TaskPool(8); >> >> string response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK >> >> Server: dland:v2.076.1 >> Date: Tue, 11 Nov 2017 15:56:02 GMT >> Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 >> Content-Length: 51 >> >> Hello World!".to_retlf; >> >> >> new Thread({ >> auto listeningSet = new SocketSet(); >> while(true) { >> listeningSet.add(listener); >> if (Socket.select(listeningSet, null, null)) { >> >> if (listeningSet.isSet(listener))// connection >> request >> { >> Socket socket = listener.accept(); >> assert(socket.isAlive); >> >> //writefln("Connection from %s established.", >> socket.remoteAddress().toString()); >> auto task = task!handle_socket(socket, response); >> taskPool.put(task); >> } >> } >> listeningSet.reset(); >> } >> }).start(); >> } >> >> >> >> void handle_socket(Socket socket, string response) { >> >> auto socketSet = new SocketSet(); >> while(true) { >> socketSet.add(socket); >> if (Socket.select(socketSet, null, null)) { >> >> char[1024] buf; >> auto datLength = socket.receive(buf[]); >> >> if (datLength == Socket.ERROR) >> writeln("Connection error."); >> else if (datLength != 0) >> { >> //writefln("Received %d bytes from %s: \"%s\"", >> datLength, socket.remoteAddress().toString(), buf[0..datLength]); >> //writefln("Writing response"); >> socket.send(response); >> >> } >> // release socket resources now >> >> socket.close(); >> >> break; >> >> } >> socketSet.reset(); >> } >> ``` >> >> Regards >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >
Re: NIO+Multithreaded TCPSocket listener, very low cpu utilisation
This one works ok for me, but I am on linux: https://dpaste.dzfl.pl/f54decee45bc On Wed, Nov 15, 2017 at 12:46 PM, Daniel Kozakwrote: > Do not use your own taskPool, just use global taskPool proerty (import > std.parallelism: taskPool). > > You should not set blocking to false. And dont use Thread here. There is > no reason to do that. Just move that code into the main > > Dne 15. 11. 2017 12:15 odp. napsal uživatel "ade90036 via > Digitalmars-d-learn" : > > So thanks for the suggestions, i have fixed HTTP response not postman cal > also parse the headers correctly!! happy days. > > I have removed the duration from the Socket.select but the application > seems to process a bunch or requests and then it stalls for several seconds > (3/5) and then it resumes. > > The httpclinet which i'm using to test the application is reporting: > "connection timeout". > > Could this be caused by the GC? > > ```updated code > > import std.algorithm : remove; > import std.conv : to; > import core.thread: Thread; > import std.socket : InternetAddress, Socket, SocketException, SocketSet, > TcpSocket, SocketShutdown; > import core.time : Duration, dur; > import std.stdio : writeln, writefln; > import std.parallelism : task, TaskPool; > > string to_retlf (string s) > { >import std.algorithm; >import std.string; >return s > .lineSplitter > .map!(a => chomp (a)) > .join ("\r\n"); > } > > void main(string[] args) > { > ushort port; > > if (args.length >= 2) > port = to!ushort(args[1]); > else > port = ; > > > auto listener = new TcpSocket(); > assert(listener.isAlive); > listener.blocking = false; > listener.bind(new InternetAddress(port)); > listener.listen(100); > writefln("Listening on port %d.", port); > > auto taskPool = new TaskPool(8); > > string response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK > > Server: dland:v2.076.1 > Date: Tue, 11 Nov 2017 15:56:02 GMT > Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 > Content-Length: 51 > > Hello World!".to_retlf; > > > new Thread({ > auto listeningSet = new SocketSet(); > while(true) { > listeningSet.add(listener); > if (Socket.select(listeningSet, null, null)) { > > if (listeningSet.isSet(listener))// connection > request > { > Socket socket = listener.accept(); > assert(socket.isAlive); > > //writefln("Connection from %s established.", > socket.remoteAddress().toString()); > auto task = task!handle_socket(socket, response); > taskPool.put(task); > } > } > listeningSet.reset(); > } > }).start(); > } > > > > void handle_socket(Socket socket, string response) { > > auto socketSet = new SocketSet(); > while(true) { > socketSet.add(socket); > if (Socket.select(socketSet, null, null)) { > > char[1024] buf; > auto datLength = socket.receive(buf[]); > > if (datLength == Socket.ERROR) > writeln("Connection error."); > else if (datLength != 0) > { > //writefln("Received %d bytes from %s: \"%s\"", datLength, > socket.remoteAddress().toString(), buf[0..datLength]); > //writefln("Writing response"); > socket.send(response); > > } > // release socket resources now > > socket.close(); > > break; > > } > socketSet.reset(); > } > ``` > > Regards > > > > > > > > >
Re: NIO+Multithreaded TCPSocket listener, very low cpu utilisation
Do not use your own taskPool, just use global taskPool proerty (import std.parallelism: taskPool). You should not set blocking to false. And dont use Thread here. There is no reason to do that. Just move that code into the main Dne 15. 11. 2017 12:15 odp. napsal uživatel "ade90036 via Digitalmars-d-learn": So thanks for the suggestions, i have fixed HTTP response not postman cal also parse the headers correctly!! happy days. I have removed the duration from the Socket.select but the application seems to process a bunch or requests and then it stalls for several seconds (3/5) and then it resumes. The httpclinet which i'm using to test the application is reporting: "connection timeout". Could this be caused by the GC? ```updated code import std.algorithm : remove; import std.conv : to; import core.thread: Thread; import std.socket : InternetAddress, Socket, SocketException, SocketSet, TcpSocket, SocketShutdown; import core.time : Duration, dur; import std.stdio : writeln, writefln; import std.parallelism : task, TaskPool; string to_retlf (string s) { import std.algorithm; import std.string; return s .lineSplitter .map!(a => chomp (a)) .join ("\r\n"); } void main(string[] args) { ushort port; if (args.length >= 2) port = to!ushort(args[1]); else port = ; auto listener = new TcpSocket(); assert(listener.isAlive); listener.blocking = false; listener.bind(new InternetAddress(port)); listener.listen(100); writefln("Listening on port %d.", port); auto taskPool = new TaskPool(8); string response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: dland:v2.076.1 Date: Tue, 11 Nov 2017 15:56:02 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 51 Hello World!".to_retlf; new Thread({ auto listeningSet = new SocketSet(); while(true) { listeningSet.add(listener); if (Socket.select(listeningSet, null, null)) { if (listeningSet.isSet(listener))// connection request { Socket socket = listener.accept(); assert(socket.isAlive); //writefln("Connection from %s established.", socket.remoteAddress().toString()); auto task = task!handle_socket(socket, response); taskPool.put(task); } } listeningSet.reset(); } }).start(); } void handle_socket(Socket socket, string response) { auto socketSet = new SocketSet(); while(true) { socketSet.add(socket); if (Socket.select(socketSet, null, null)) { char[1024] buf; auto datLength = socket.receive(buf[]); if (datLength == Socket.ERROR) writeln("Connection error."); else if (datLength != 0) { //writefln("Received %d bytes from %s: \"%s\"", datLength, socket.remoteAddress().toString(), buf[0..datLength]); //writefln("Writing response"); socket.send(response); } // release socket resources now socket.close(); break; } socketSet.reset(); } ``` Regards
Re: NIO+Multithreaded TCPSocket listener, very low cpu utilisation
So thanks for the suggestions, i have fixed HTTP response not postman cal also parse the headers correctly!! happy days. I have removed the duration from the Socket.select but the application seems to process a bunch or requests and then it stalls for several seconds (3/5) and then it resumes. The httpclinet which i'm using to test the application is reporting: "connection timeout". Could this be caused by the GC? ```updated code import std.algorithm : remove; import std.conv : to; import core.thread: Thread; import std.socket : InternetAddress, Socket, SocketException, SocketSet, TcpSocket, SocketShutdown; import core.time : Duration, dur; import std.stdio : writeln, writefln; import std.parallelism : task, TaskPool; string to_retlf (string s) { import std.algorithm; import std.string; return s .lineSplitter .map!(a => chomp (a)) .join ("\r\n"); } void main(string[] args) { ushort port; if (args.length >= 2) port = to!ushort(args[1]); else port = ; auto listener = new TcpSocket(); assert(listener.isAlive); listener.blocking = false; listener.bind(new InternetAddress(port)); listener.listen(100); writefln("Listening on port %d.", port); auto taskPool = new TaskPool(8); string response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: dland:v2.076.1 Date: Tue, 11 Nov 2017 15:56:02 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 51 Hello World!".to_retlf; new Thread({ auto listeningSet = new SocketSet(); while(true) { listeningSet.add(listener); if (Socket.select(listeningSet, null, null)) { if (listeningSet.isSet(listener))// connection request { Socket socket = listener.accept(); assert(socket.isAlive); //writefln("Connection from %s established.", socket.remoteAddress().toString()); auto task = task!handle_socket(socket, response); taskPool.put(task); } } listeningSet.reset(); } }).start(); } void handle_socket(Socket socket, string response) { auto socketSet = new SocketSet(); while(true) { socketSet.add(socket); if (Socket.select(socketSet, null, null)) { char[1024] buf; auto datLength = socket.receive(buf[]); if (datLength == Socket.ERROR) writeln("Connection error."); else if (datLength != 0) { //writefln("Received %d bytes from %s: \"%s\"", datLength, socket.remoteAddress().toString(), buf[0..datLength]); //writefln("Writing response"); socket.send(response); } // release socket resources now socket.close(); break; } socketSet.reset(); } ``` Regards
Re: NIO+Multithreaded TCPSocket listener, very low cpu utilisation
On Tuesday, 14 November 2017 at 21:09:40 UTC, kdevel wrote: On Tuesday, 14 November 2017 at 19:57:54 UTC, ade90036 wrote: while(true) { listeningSet.add(listener); if (Socket.select(listeningSet, null, null, dur!"nsecs"(150)) > 0) { Why do you ever timeout? This loop consumes 100 % (a single core) when idle on my machine. Thanks for you feedback, i'll make those cosmetic changes to the HTTP response Why do i specify a timeout in the Socket.select? I have noticed that if i don't specify a timeout the Socket.select seems to block every so often for several seconds (2/5sec) and i have read in another post to specify a timeout value to the call. I'll retest now.
Re: NIO+Multithreaded TCPSocket listener, very low cpu utilisation
On Tuesday, 14 November 2017 at 19:57:54 UTC, ade90036 wrote: while(true) { listeningSet.add(listener); if (Socket.select(listeningSet, null, null, dur!"nsecs"(150)) > 0) { Why do you ever timeout? This loop consumes 100 % (a single core) when idle on my machine.
Re: NIO+Multithreaded TCPSocket listener, very low cpu utilisation
On Tuesday, 14 November 2017 at 19:57:54 UTC, ade90036 wrote: socket.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: dland:v2.076.1 Date: Tue, 11 Nov 2017 15:56:02 GMT Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 32 Hello World!"); } Some cosmetic changes: It is possible, that your HTTP client gets confused by the data sent? ``` socket.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: dland:v2.076.1 Date: Tue, 11 Nov 2017 15:56:02 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 51 Hello World!".to_retlf); string to_retlf (string s) { import std.algorithm; import std.string; return s .lineSplitter .map!(a => chomp (a)) .join ("\r\n"); } ``` The Content-Length given is too short. The Content-Type also was wrong.