Re: [PSES] Earthing -- Star vs Spring/Split Washers

2022-02-15 Thread Richard Nute
Hello James: As for resistance of the connection, I doubt that there is significant difference. I have tested both with a high-current-sourcing milliohmeter. You can repeat the test and see if there is a difference in the resistance. (Even a loose connection will still pass the high current

Re: [PSES] Earthing -- Star vs Spring/Split Washers

2022-02-15 Thread Doug Nix
James, If your concerns are above 60 Hz, i.e., you’re thinking about HF bonding as well as LF bonding for safety, then I have two excellent resources for you: [1] T. Williams, K. Armstrong, EMC for Systems and Installations, 1st Ed. Oxford: Newnes. 2000. ISBN 0 7506 4167 3 [2] E.B. Joffe, K. L

Re: [PSES] Earthing -- Star vs Spring/Split Washers

2022-02-15 Thread Douglas E Powell
James, Most safety standards have requirements for ground bond testing based on the current available in the hazard. I've never seen requirements specifying the type of washer other than it cannot have compressible material in the stack up, as polymers or fiber washers. Back in the day, I learned

[PSES] Earthing -- Star vs Spring/Split Washers

2022-02-15 Thread James Pawson (U3C)
Hello all, I've given myself a regular internet headache trying to understand the relative merits of spring vs star washers for use on an earth stud for protective earthing purposes. What is the conventional wisdom and justification? I know I can trust you folks to be above a simple "we've

Re: [PSES] Risk assessment versus HBSE

2022-02-15 Thread Douglas Nix
Hi Douglas, Glad I could help. :-) If you are interested in some hard-core debunking of the risk matrix/decision tree approach, start with [17], [18], and [19]. The authors are not fans of these approaches as they do not hold up mathematically, even, as you say, many want them to seem mathemat

[PSES] SV: [PSES] IP Code Question

2022-02-15 Thread Amund Westin
IP66 is for harsh outdoor conditions (industrial, offshore, ships, carwash, etc.) IPX6 : powerful water jets (water hose :100 liters / minute). IP67 (temporary immersion in water) Best regards Amund Fra: sudhakar wasnik Sendt: 14. februar 2022 22:57 Til: EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE