Re: You were told wrong info if you were told I didn’t feel things

[Dirk Van Niekerk]

While I agree with all of your basic sentiments regarding Covid and 
vaccines there was no need for CRISPR Cas9 technology.  The mRNA template 
for the vaccine is manufactured from a DNA template using an RNA 
polymerase, technology that has been available many decades before CRIPSR.

Dirk

On Tuesday, February 28, 2023 at 3:30:24 AM UTC-8 John Clark wrote:


 
 
So after catching Covid once or twice and getting sick as a dog both times 
but surviving you now have the same immunity as if you got a modern 
CRISPR-Cas9 RNA vaccine that doesn't make you sick at all. And you think 
that's a good reason for not getting vaccinated?!  I remind you that if you 
catch Covid there is about a 1% chance of you dying from it, that may not 
seem like much but if 100 million people catch Covid that means 1 million 
people will die of it, and that is exactly what happened in the USA. The 
infuriating part is that a vaccine shot only costs a dollar or two and when 
a Trump zombie refuses to get one because he doesn't trust medical science 
and then get sick from Covid he then demands that medical science spare no 
expense to cure him and put him in intensive care in the best hospital in 
the country, and then because he can't pay the enormous medical bill which 
can easily be hundreds of thousands of dollars this ardent anti-socialist 
demands that you and I and other taxpayers pay the entire huge bill.

John K ClarkSee what's on my new list at  Extropolis 

856


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Re: The Reverse Simulation Hypothesis and the Prime Doctrine

[Dirk Van Niekerk]

On Thursday, August 25, 2022 at 12:05:52 PM UTC-7 jdi...@gmail.com wrote:

> The weird thing about "aryan" history (originally a linguistic term) is 
> that it is primarily a history of devolution. Classical Sanskrit is already 
> considerably less grammatically complex than its predecessors. So the 
> earliest human ancestors presumably spoke a language that was far more 
> advanced and complex than any currently in active usage. Bizzare. Same 
> thing with the Blavatskyites and their theories of primordial loss. 
>
Interesting podcast by John McWhorter about this.  The short version, there 
is no general rule that languages simplify over time: 
http://www.slate.com/articles/podcasts/lexicon_valley/2017/09/do_languages_get_simpler_over_time.html

The most trivial refutation is that if languages always simplified over 
time, the first humans 100,00 years ago would have been maximally complex, 
and by now our languages should all be ridiculously simply.  Languages like 
Chinese and English have indeed simplified and one of the reasons is that 
these imperial languages have added large numbers of adult speakers who had 
to newly learn the language which tends to lead to simplification.  But he 
also give several counter examples.

Dirk.  

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Re: What Threshold Threat of CO2

[Dirk Van Niekerk]

I did not post any simulations or models, just empirical, observational 
data.  

Dirk

On Wednesday, August 24, 2022 at 9:35:33 AM UTC-7 medinuclear wrote:

> [Philip P. Benjamin]
>
>  CO2 was always the goldilocks for planet earth for all recorded 
> history. 
>
> The Marxist pagans with un-awakened consciousnesses have convenient (and 
> cunning) simulations of GIGO models to destroy the Western civilization and 
> all successful civilizations, so that Marxist hooligans can 
>
> highjack  them.
>
> *Philip P. Benjamin *
>
> *From:* everyth...@googlegroups.com  *On 
> Behalf Of *Dirk Van Niekerk
> *Sent:* Tuesday, August 23, 2022 4:40 PM
> *To:* Everything List 
> *Subject:* Re: What Threshold Threat of CO2
>
>  
>
>  
>
> On Tuesday, August 23, 2022 at 1:31:44 PM UTC-7 medinuclear wrote:
>
> [Philip P. Benjamin] 
> No simulations, please! Show the concrete CO2 threshold for threat. 
> Thousands of forest fires (for over 5000 years of records)have much arger 
> than petroleum burning (50 past + 100 future years). 
> Philip P. Benjamin 
>
> For the past 800,000 years the atmospheric levels of CO2 have never been 
> higher than 300 ppm.  As of March 2022 the level is 421 ppm and rising.  
> And all of this started with the advent of the industrial revolution.  Why 
> do you think that is?
>
>  
>
> Dirk .
>

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Re: What Threshold Threat of CO2

[Dirk Van Niekerk]

And this is not simulation, it is directly collected observational data.

On Tuesday, August 23, 2022 at 2:40:08 PM UTC-7 Dirk Van Niekerk wrote:

> On Tuesday, August 23, 2022 at 1:31:44 PM UTC-7 medinuclear wrote:
>
>> [Philip P. Benjamin] 
>> No simulations, please! Show the concrete CO2 threshold for threat. 
>> Thousands of forest fires (for over 5000 years of records)have much arger 
>> than petroleum burning (50 past + 100 future years). 
>> Philip P. Benjamin 
>>
>> For the past 800,000 years the atmospheric levels of CO2 have never been 
> higher than 300 ppm.  As of March 2022 the level is 421 ppm and rising.  
> And all of this started with the advent of the industrial revolution.  Why 
> do you think that is?
>
> Dirk 
>

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Re: What Threshold Threat of CO2

[Dirk Van Niekerk]

On Tuesday, August 23, 2022 at 1:31:44 PM UTC-7 medinuclear wrote:

> [Philip P. Benjamin] 
> No simulations, please! Show the concrete CO2 threshold for threat. 
> Thousands of forest fires (for over 5000 years of records)have much arger 
> than petroleum burning (50 past + 100 future years). 
> Philip P. Benjamin 
>
> For the past 800,000 years the atmospheric levels of CO2 have never been 
higher than 300 ppm.  As of March 2022 the level is 421 ppm and rising.  
And all of this started with the advent of the industrial revolution.  Why 
do you think that is?

Dirk 

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Re: Information conservation and irreversibility

[Dirk Van Niekerk]

What do the physicists and engineers on the list think of Zurek's idea the 
quantum measurements become irreversible, in principle, once a record of 
the quantum measurement is made?

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5990664/#RSTA20170315C9

Dirk 

On Thursday, August 4, 2022 at 2:10:47 PM UTC-7 meeke...@gmail.com wrote:

> If a photon is emitted into an infinite universe it is irreversible in 
> principle, not just FAPP.  But it doesn't mean the physical theory is 
> irreversible.  The arrow of time comes from the boundary condition.
>
> Brent
>
> On 8/4/2022 8:47 AM, smitra wrote:
> > On 04-08-2022 17:41, Alan Grayson wrote:
> >> I recall Bruce giving an example of an irreversible process, but I
> >> can't recall the details. AG
> >>
> >
> > Probably a FAPP irreversible process.
> >
> > Saibal
> >
> >
> >> On Thursday, August 4, 2022 at 6:39:04 AM UTC-6 Jason wrote:
> >>
> >>> On Thu, Aug 4, 2022, 5:23 AM Alan Grayson 
> >>> wrote:
>  I meant to write that information conservation depends on
> >>> reversibility! How solid is that assumption? AG
> >>>
> >>> I think it is pretty good.
> >>>
> >>> I think reversibility is part of it. Certainly in a reversable
> >>> Newtonian kind of physics (no GR and no QM, full determinism),
> >>> reversability would imply an inability to destroy information.
> >>>
> >>> In reversible computers, information can't be deleted, only shuffled
> >>> around, so in this simplistic model, reversibility (in a Turing
> >>> machine) implies conservation of information.
> >>>
> >>> In GR, matter falling into black holes was originally thought to be
> >>> an irreversible process. This led to the "black hole war".
> >>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Black_Hole_War which was
> >>> eventually settled by concluding information isn't destroyed in a
> >>> black hole, therefore the pattern of black hole radiation must
> >>> somehow indicate or encode what has fallen in to it.
> >>>
> >>> In QM, wave function collapse was thought to be an example of an
> >>> irreversible process. Yet from the global view of all the branches
> >>> and many world's it is not.
> >>>
> >>> But moreover, despite the apparent irreversibility if collapse from
> >>> the confines of any one branch, the information available within any
> >>> single branch still seems to be conserved (just as matter and energy
> >>> are). This lead to a kind of: energy-matter-information equivalence.
> >>>
> >> 
> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holographic_principle#Energy,_matter,_and_information_equivalence
>  
> >>
> >>>
> >>> This question, I think, probes at the very deepest levels of
> >>> physics. I have some more thoughts on this written here:
> >>>
> >>>
> >> 
> https://alwaysasking.com/why-does-anything-exist/#Information_as_Fundamental 
> >>
> >>>
> >>> Jason
> >>
> >>  --
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> >> an email to everything-li...@googlegroups.com.
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> >> 
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>  
> >>
> >> [1].
> >>
> >>
> >> Links:
> >> --
> >> [1]
> >> 
> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/everything-list/1c5ab1b8-fef6-4a5c-bd88-fb7b24d0e4b8n%40googlegroups.com?utm_medium=email_source=footer
>  
> >>
> >
>
>

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Re: Does big government have the right to tell you how you may engage in consensual​ ​sex?

[Dirk Van Niekerk]

On Monday, July 25, 2022 at 2:46:32 PM UTC-7 meeke...@gmail.com wrote:

>
>
> On 7/25/2022 2:19 PM, spudboy100 via Everything List wrote:
>
> Translating you lament into American English I, the guy, who supplied the 
> links are: 
> 1. A work around against abortion seems to be fetal transfer to artificial 
> wombs for incubation. The work has been successful on sheep in research 
> labs in Japan & The Netherlands. I am in favor of abortion and 
> contraceptives. But I see artificial wombs as the next step forward. Its 
> call medical progress. Reduce the butchery and raise kids. 
>
>
> It's that last part that is the bigger problem.  When a ten-year old is 
> pregnant by a rapist, who's going to raise the kid.  When a woman with 
> three young children and a full time job gets pregnant, who's going to 
> raise the kid.
>
> Brent
>

I can only see artificial wombs solving a very limited niche problem for:
1) women who had a hysterectomy but have functioning ovaries or frozen away 
ova/embryos.  This will really kill the in vitro fertilization business in 
the pro-life states, because they will insist that every frozen embryo will 
need to be incubated to full term.  In fact, if you believe that life 
starts at conception then IVF clinics kill a lot of "babies".  Each IVF 
cycle harvests about 15 eggs, 2/3 of which are fertilized of which only 1 
to 4 are implanted.  The rest of the embryos are usually eventually 
destroyed. 
2) Women in early pregnancy who have cancer or some other condition for 
whom pregnancy might be hazardous.  But transferring a live fetus in this 
way will be a major undertaking with considerable risk to the fetus.  In 
the current legal environment if the fetus dies in the process of 
transferring to the artificial womb the doctor will probably be charged 
with murder.

The problem is not technology it is public policy and politics.  And no 
number of new technologies will solve that problem.

Dirk  

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Re: Ahistorical 'Woke Culture' Is Moses Vs The Pharaoh Or As Augustin Vs WAMP_the-Ingrate

[Dirk Van Niekerk]

On Tuesday, July 19, 2022 at 7:55:31 AM UTC-7 medinuclear wrote:

> [*Philip Benjamin*]
>
>  Climatology is not only a pseudoscience (unlike meteorology), it is 
> also part of the fanatic pagan religion of WAMP-the-Ingrate. I have written 
> to some “authors” promoting this myth of CO2 as a global danger (completely 
> ignoring the greater danger of oxygen depletion of (2 atoms of O-16  for 
> each atom of C-12 introduced). Of course those “blasphemous” notes are 
> never even acknowledged.
>
Oxygen is orders of magnitude more abundant than carbon and constitutes 21% 
of the gas in the atmosphere.  Even if we burned all the oil and gas and 
coal we would only reduce oxygen levels by 2 to 3%, not enough pose any 
risk.  The increase in CO2 is the problem.  Why do you call something that 
is based on sound theory and has made highly accurate predictions over at 
least 50 years "pseudoscience"? 

> This whole notion of “fossil” fuel is unsettled, yet. How many 
> dinosaurs and other species will be need to produce thes massive deposits 
> of petroleum? An abiotic origin is mandatory. The earth has enough 
> carbonaceous matter, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, fire. Steam, sulfur, 
> phosphorus etc. plus enormous pressure and heat to keep on producing 
> petroleum (without any bio mass).
>
Fossil fuels have zero dinosaurs, they formed about 300 million years ago 
and are constituted mainly of plants, bacteria and algae.  Abiogenesis is 
not a well supported theory. 

>  If the earth survived at least 5000 years and 383 trillion tons of 
> CO2, it will continue after the paltry ~ 5.1 trillion tons of CO2 for 50 
> past years and100 future years of petroleum burning, thanks primarily to 
> Carbon Cycle, as I have always stated. Moreover, the glaciers in the water 
> will noi raise the sea level after melting, it will only reduce the level 
> !!  Furthermore, only about 30% of the earth surface is land mass.
>
Brent has previously answered the first part of your statement.  How do 
melting glaciers REDUCE the sea level???   What is the relevance of the 
fact that 30% of the Earth's surface is land mass? 

>  
>
  https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/8349/cold-and-snow. The climatic 
*snow 
> line *is about 15,000 ft above sea level at the equator. It is 
> progressively lower as the latitude increases, to just below 9,800 ft in 
> the Alps. The melting of mountain ice alone cannot dangerously raise the 
> sea level; for that very powerful forces (not by CO2 !!) will be required 
> to bring up the humongous subterranean water beds.
>
 Glacial ice, Antarctic ice, Greenland ice etc. etc. I don't expect you to 
read this but I post it nonetheless.  
https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glaciers/quickfacts.html

>  Destroy the petroleum industries, then even the battery industry will 
> be destroyed because some of the 6000 byproducts of petroleum are entail 
> for battery production also. This only infuriates WAMP-the-Ingrate. They 
> have no sense of humor, logic or rationality, or fairness. A bundle of 
> madness !
>
Nobody says we should dump petroleum overnight.  We can gradually wean 
ourselves.  In theory all these chemicals can be manufactured from carbon 
and hydrogen, but we will obviously still need fossil fuels to extract more 
complex molecules.

Dirk

> *Philip Benjamin*
>
>  
>
>
>

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Re: FW: Ahistorical 'Woke Culture' Is Moses Vs The Pharaoh Or As Augustin Vs WAMP_the-Ingrate

[Dirk Van Niekerk]

Also, for the entire 5,000 year period, a lot of carbon was trapped 
underground in fossil fuels.  When we started burning fossil fuels at the 
start of the industrial revolution the amount of additional CO2 overwhelmed 
the CO2 capture capabilities of the planet and CO2 levels started to rise.  
  

As a comparison.  The total annual precipitation is 505,000 cubic meters or 
39 inches.  In 5,000 years that means 195,000 inches (or 3 miles) of 
accumulated water.  That does not mean that the water level on Earth has 
risen by 3 miles, because it is the same water that circulates over and 
over again.  But some of that water is more or less permanently trapped as 
ice.  That ice is starting to melt now and the sea levels are starting to 
rise because of atmospheric warming.  If all ice caps and glaciers were to 
suddenly melt the water level will rise about 70 meters.

Dirk 

On Monday, July 18, 2022 at 12:21:32 PM UTC-7 Lawrence Crowell wrote:

> On Monday, July 18, 2022 at 12:13:49 PM UTC-5 medinuclear wrote:
>
>> [*Philip Benjamin*]
>>
>>   Brent’s  reference to “carbon cycle” is only a reinforcement of what 
>> was already stated. This was good for the “goose” of ` 5000 years and 383 
>> trillion tons of CO2 (see below). Why can’t this be good for the “gander” 
>> of the paltry `5.1 trillion tons for 50 past years and100 future years of 
>> petroleum burning?  Baffled!!
>>
>> *Philip Benjamin*
>>
>> https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/ Also,“There has been 
>> too much of a tendency to view the earth as a closed system living in a 
>> state of autarky on its nonrenewable resources, whereas it is an open 
>> system nurtured by the enormous amount of energy that is sent out to it 
>> from the sun. Man in particular and living beings in general are 
>> self-programmed, self-manufactured, self-maintaining, and self-decaying 
>> chemical machines, running either directly or indirectly with the help of 
>> solar energy.”
>>
>>  
>>
> We have been over this. that large amount of CO_2 was processed over that 
> time period. It is not a fixed amount that existed then.
>
> LC
>
>  
>
>> everyth...@googlegroups.com  *Subject:* RE: FW: Ahistorical 'Woke 
>> Culture' Is Moses Vs The Pharaoh Or As Augustin Vs WAMP_the-Ingrate
>>
>> *[*Philip Benjamin]
>>
>>  CO2 Cycle is also good for ~ 5.1 trillion tons of CO2 (from World Bank 
>> data for fossil fuel burning) for 150 years. What is good for the goose is 
>> good for the gander also!  Why this undue concern that is causing $5/g of 
>> gasoline?
>>
>> *Philip Benjamin*
>>
>> everyth...@googlegroups.com
>> *Subject:* Re: FW: Ahistorical 'Woke Culture' Is Moses Vs The Pharaoh Or 
>> As Augustin Vs WAMP_the-Ingrate
>>
>>  
>>
>> The Earth didn't survive 5000yrs *WITH* 383e12 tons of CO2, because 
>> there's a carbon cycle in which CO2 gets split and carbon gets sequestered 
>> in soil, plants, and rocks.  And what the hell would "recorded history" 
>> have to do with it.  Why not just multiply by 14 billion years if you just 
>> want a big number completely irrelevant to CO2 in the atmosphere.  Here was 
>> the flow estimated in 2001.  The point is the system, however much 
>> vulcanism, was in equilibrium for those 5000yr before the industrial 
>> revolution.
>>
>> On 7/15/2022 12:15 PM, Philip Benjamin wrote:
>>
>> [*Philip Benjamin*]
>>
>>  A couple more examples of pseudoscience from “Un-awakened 
>> consciousness”(UC):
>>
>> 1. Prof. Khiara Bridges calls Sen. Josh Hawley's questions about male 
>> pregnancy 'transphobic'.
>>
>> 2. “Microsoft co-founder laments the direction the world is going and 
>> makes big promises to change the game… Pandemic, Ukraine war, climate 
>> change (The damage from climate change is already worse than most models 
>> predicted) The U.S. has taken a huge step backwards for gender equality and 
>> women’s health…”
>>
>> *Philip Benjamin*
>>
>> *Nonconformist to Socialist Fascist Marxist** (**SOFAMA**) **pagan 
>> globalism. *
>>
>>CC. Prof. Khiara Bridges
>>
>> ~~
>>
>>About 150 years (50 years past & 100 years future) of fossil fuel 
>> use equals a meager ~ 5.1 trillion tons of CO2 (from World Bank data, see 
>> below). An estimated 1,050 wildfires worldwide produced global CO2 
>> emissions of 76 billion tons in 2021. There are at least 5000 years of 
>> recorded history, i.e 76 billions X 5,000 = 380 trillion tons of CO2. Add 
>> to it ~ 3.2 trillion tons for the same period from volcanic eruptions (see 
>> below), thus totaling 383.2 trillions of CO2. The earth did survive  at 
>> least for 5000 years, with 383 trillion tons of CO2!! 
>> https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/savingandinvesting/a-sad-bill-gates-makes-a-huge-announcement/
>>  
>> Billionaire Microsoft co-founder laments the direction the world is going 
>> and makes big promises to change the game… Pandemic, Ukraine war, climate 
>> change (The damage from 

Re: Life expectancy vs. Health expenditure

[Dirk Van Niekerk]

1) The data considers all costs including emergency room visits for all 
countries
2) The denominator is population census data which in most OECD countries 
would include refugees and illegal aliens.

Dirk

On Thursday, July 14, 2022 at 1:11:08 PM UTC-7 spudb...@aol.com wrote:

> Well assuming the accuracy of the graph, I would factor in the money spent 
> on emergency room visits, which since the 1980's those who are deemed 
> unable to pay for treatment medical bills are written off.
> Your Rights in the Emergency Room (webmd.com) 
> 
>  
>

> Also, I wonder whether one factors in population size of various nations, 
> including legal immigrants and illegal. As of today for example, the 
> governor of California signed in a new law mandating medical care for 
> undocumented migrants.
> California will be the first state to offer health care to all 
> undocumented immigrants (msn.com) 
> 
>
> We'll get to see how this unfolds? 
>
>
>

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Re: Life expectancy vs. Health expenditure

[Dirk Van Niekerk]

I assume you meant this tongue in cheek, but that would be a terrible 
system.  If I were a doctor in China I would make sure to only take on 
young healthy patients.  No obese diabetic smokers for sure.

Dirk

On Thursday, July 14, 2022 at 8:13:27 AM UTC-7 Jason wrote:

> That's encouraging. Thanks for telling me.
>
> I heard a claim, not sure if it's true, but that in China people pay their 
> doctor for every month that they are healthy.
>
> Makes sense to me. 
>
> Jason 
>

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Re: Life expectancy vs. Health expenditure

[Dirk Van Niekerk]

The original source is here:
https://ourworldindata.org/us-life-expectancy-low

The source of healthcare expenditure data is the WHO:
https://apps.who.int/nha/database

Dirk

On Thursday, July 14, 2022 at 5:34:18 AM UTC-7 Terren Suydam wrote:

> Hi Telmo,
>
> I’d want to know how they adjust for price differences between countries, 
> as that could be a subtle way to introduce bias. But as an American and 
> assuming the above is kosher, it doesn’t surprise me at all. Health care 
> here is a worst case scenario. It’s the result of decades of anti 
> competitive practices and perverse incentives. But you knew that!
>
> Terren
>
> On Thu, Jul 14, 2022 at 8:13 AM Telmo Menezes  
> wrote:
>
>> I am curious about what Americans in this list think about this:
>> https://i.redd.it/qrjgb2aakhb91.jpg
>>
>>
>>
>> Telmo
>>
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>>  
>> 
>> .
>>
>

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Entanglement and Superposition Are Equivalent Concepts in Any Physical Theory

[Dirk Van Niekerk]

May be of interest:

Entanglement and Superposition Are Equivalent Concepts in Any Physical 
Theory

ABSTRACT

We prove that given any two general probabilistic theories (GPTs) the 
following are equivalent: (i) each theory is nonclassical, meaning that 
neither of their state spaces is a simplex; (ii) each theory satisfies a 
strong notion of incompatibility equivalent to the existence of 
“superpositions”; and (iii) the two theories are entangleable, in the sense 
that their composite exhibits either entangled states or entangled 
measurements. Intuitively, in the post-quantum GPT setting, a superposition 
is a set of two binary ensembles of states that are unambiguously 
distinguishable if the ensemble is revealed before the measurement has 
occurred, but not if it is revealed after. This notion is important because 
we show that, just like in quantum theory, superposition in the form of 
strong incompatibility is sufficient to realize the Bennett-Brassard 1984 
protocol for secret key distribution.


https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.160402

Free access preprint:
https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.04446

Dirk

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Re: RNA World and the start of life on Earth

[Dirk Van Niekerk]

Why do we have to conclude that carbon-water based life is rare?  It 
developed as quickly as can be expected on Earth as soon as the planet was 
formed and the temperature cooled down enough to make life possible.  We 
have made great strides in breaking down every component of single celled 
life into smaller processes that could conceivably have arisen through 
natural processes.  This includes plausible steps to all cellular metabolic 
processes, most of the steps that could lead to replicating nucleotide 
chains (probably through self replicating small RNA molecules) and the 
formation of lipid bilayer cell membranes.  There could be many planets 
around the that have or had carbon based single-celled life.  The problem 
is, we could only detect distant life if succeeded in taking over enough of 
the planet to create a detectable signal in the atmosphere.  Of the 17 
known planets in their star's "Goldilocks" zone, we know of at least one 
that definitely has life.  

Maybe carbon based life is exceedingly unlikely, but I think it is way to 
early to come to any frim conclusions.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiogenesis

Dirk   

On Tuesday, March 22, 2022 at 12:23:19 PM UTC-7 spudb...@aol.com wrote:

> At some points scientists or AI should be able to create life from basic 
> elements and providing a starter environment that results in microbial 
> life. We obviously don't possess the info to do this yet. We been trying, 
> more of , than on, since Miller-Urey. Because we have not we must conclude 
> that carbon-water life must be very rare. On the other hand, life as we 
> don't know it could be hypothesized as with scifi tales as crystals or gas 
> clouds (Hoyle's The Black Cloud 1957). Spoiler, The Cloud didn't know that 
> life was possible on planets. But even if life didn't start this way on our 
> planet, it does not preclude that we couldn't come up with another way?
>
>
> -Original Message-
> From: Lawrence Crowell 
> To: Everything List 
> Sent: Mon, Mar 21, 2022 5:46 am
> Subject: Re: RNA World and the start of life on Earth
>
> This is the problem on the origin of life. This is the point where 
> evolutionary theory fades into a blur. Curiously we have a better working 
> handle on how the universe emerged than how life did. 
>
> LC
>
> On Sunday, March 20, 2022 at 9:15:41 AM UTC-5 johnk...@gmail.com wrote:
>
> On Sun, Mar 20, 2022 at 8:57 AM Lawrence Crowell  
> wrote:
>
> > A key connector between RNA and DNA are ribosomes. These complexes of 
> polypeptides and RNA somehow emerged so that RNA could used as a temporary 
> signal and to connect aminoacids in an acetylated from to RNA. Before then, 
> somehow RNA information was translated into polypeptides. How this happened 
> is unknown and what fueled the evolution of ribosomes is also unknown.
>
>
> The details on how ribosomes evolved is unknown, but one of the first 
> steps must have been the evolution of the 20 different types of transfer 
> RNA, one for each of the 20 different amino acids that life uses; tRNA  is 
> small,none of them are longer than 90 nucleotides, so that shouldn't be 
> too hard. But an even more fundamental question would be how the 
> arbitrary genetic code that life universally uses evolved, and I think 
> "arbitrary" is an apt description of the genetic code. For example, the 
> nucleotide triplet CAU in messenger RNA symbolizes the amino acid 
> histidine, but there are no special chemical characteristics that relate 
> one to the other. One type of transfer RNA has an anticodon that connects 
> to the CAU triplet of messenger RNA like a key fitting into a ock. At 
> another part of the transfer RNA molecule an amino acid can be attached, in 
> this case histidine. However transfer RNA can't tell one amino acid from 
> another, the amino acid attachment part is identical in all tRNA 
> molecules, but in practice only those that have the anticodon for CAU are 
> attached to histidine. The reason for this is an enzyme (aminoacyl-tRNA 
> synthetase). This enzyme can tell one amino acid from another, and it can 
> tell one tRNA molecule from another, and it can attach an amino acid to it. 
> This enzyme does NOT look at the anticodon at all but at another part of 
> the transfer RNA, the DHU loop. In the lab the DHU loop from one type of 
> tRNA has been grafted onto another type of tRNA and that changes the 
> genetic code. It's also interesting that this enzyme is a protein encoded 
> by, what else, the genetic code. The genetic code does not reside in any 
> one of these things, it resides in all of them.
>
> Nobody knows exactly how evolution managed to make all these things, but 
> what makes this new development significant is that for the first time it 
> has been demonstrated that pure RNA, with no help from proteins or DNA, is 
> able to get on the evolutionary bandwagon.  
>
> John K ClarkSee what's on my new list at  Extropolis 
> 
> evb
>
>

Existential comic especially for Bob

[Dirk Van Niekerk]

https://existentialcomics.com/

Dirk

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Re: Superdeterminism And Sabine Hossenfelder

[Dirk Van Niekerk]

On Tuesday, December 21, 2021 at 9:01:30 AM UTC-8 johnk...@gmail.com wrote:

> On Mon, Dec 20, 2021 at 10:58 PM Stathis Papaioannou  
> wrote:
>
> >*but** there are events such as the decay of an atom within a half life 
>> period that one version of you will see and another version of you will 
>> see, which is interpreted as a 1/2 probability of you seeing the atom 
>> decay, if you have a normal human brain without telepathic communication 
>> with other copies.*
>
>  
> All versions of "you" that live in worlds that have the same fundamental 
> laws of physics (and those that don't would be so different they probably 
> wouldn't deserve to be called "you") would agree that Neptunium 240 has a 
> half-life of one hour, in other words that mode of decay would be the most 
> common and most of "you" in the multi-verse would see an atom of Neptunium 
> decay at around the one hour mark. But most does not mean all and if we're 
> talking about one particular Neptunium 240 atom a minority of "you" will 
> not see it decay after 5 hours even though you know it's half life is only 
> one hour, and a very tiny minority will not see it decay even after 5 
> million years, and another very tiny minority of "you" will see it decay 
> after only 5 nanoseconds.
>
> You may ask, how different can "you" be before it no longer deserves the 
> right to be called "you"? I admit that limit is somewhat arbitrary, but the 
> important point is that whatever limit you choose, as long as it's 
> consistent, it makes no difference if high precision is demanded for 
> something to be called "you" or if extreame sloppiness can be tolerated, 
> either way it will still remain true that there will be more "yous" near 
> the center of the Bell Curve than at the trailing edges.
>
>
> John K ClarkSee what's on my new list at  Extropolis 
> 
>
Imagine one physicist starts a series of quantum experiments.  Each 
experiment has two outcomes with predicted probabilities of A=p1 and B=p2.  
In MWI, after doing an arbitrarily large number of these experiments the 
end observer in each branch now tabulates their observations and find that 
they have measured outcome A p1 times and outcome B p2 times.  Each 
observer therefore must have followed a branching path that lead to this 
outcome.  What in the MWI and the Schroedinger equation determined that 
each observer would find those probabilities (other than arbitrarily 
invoking the Born rule).  What in MWI prevents that a large number of 
observers will report a probability for either A or B as 100%.

Dirk 

>
> emc
>

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