Re: New mail server setup
Steve Bertrand wrote: I'm looking potentially to try a different mail server setup. I'm requesting honest feedback from experienced mail ops. My minimum requirements: - IPv6 for all protocols - SPF - IMAP|POP3 must support SSL - SMTP AUTH - submit on 587 - MySQL backend for un/pw, vpopmail preferred, but not mandatory - Maildir storage preferred - easy (ie: well documented) integration with SA/clam - integration with maildrop .mailfiter preferred Right now I use a system wrapped around Qmail, and honestly, I just don't want to patch for IPv6 anymore. I've broken my personal system, so while I work on re-hacking everything, I thought I'd solicit some new ideas. I've been using the same email system pretty much across the board for seven years or so, so perhaps I should look at other options. Please cc me, as this addr isn't subscribed. I won't be receiving my list email from my backup mx until tomorrow, as it were ;) For an MTA: postfix does everything you want, it's not too shabby speed wise and the config files are reasonably comprehensible. For an IMAP/POP3 server: dovecot has the required functionality and unless you're dealing with thousands of user accounts it's probably a better alternative for you than the nuclear option of cyrus-imapd. Cheers, Matthew -- Dr Matthew J Seaman MA, D.Phil. 7 Priory Courtyard Flat 3 PGP: http://www.infracaninophile.co.uk/pgpkey Ramsgate Kent, CT11 9PW signature.asc Description: OpenPGP digital signature
Re: reporter on deadline seeks comment about reported security bug in FreeBSD
Jerry ges...@yahoo.com wrote: Waiting until someone is harmed is tantamount to being an accomplice to the act. And providing details of a currently-undefendable vulnerability to a black hat who did not previously know about it, thereby enabling the black hat to perpetrate harm that would otherwise not have occurred, isn't? ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: portupgrade broken
Hiya all Something weird going on with portupgrade (and maybe ports in general) here. Somewhere between last months upgrade and this month, portupgrade has started to ignore ports that are reported by portversion as needing upgrading. The result is I have to force each one, one at a time. Big schlep. For example portversion -v | grep samba samba-3.0.35,1needs updating (port has 3.0.36,1) portupgrade -vr samba --- Session started at: Wed, 02 Sep 2009 10:18:47 +0200 ** None has been installed or upgraded. --- Session ended at: Wed, 02 Sep 2009 10:18:47 +0200 (consumed 00:00:00) I am still facing this issue. I have tried several ways of rebuilding the index and pkgdb but nothing is changing this behaviour. Doing a 'make index pkgdb -fu' gets me a portversion list that shows nothing needs updating, which is clearly wrong when the cvsup just prior to it shows changes in ports I have installed. 'make fetchindex pkgdb -fu' is more successful, showing all the ports I need to update correctly(?), however, portversion will still do this portversion -v | grep png png-1.2.38needs updating (port has 1.2.40) portupgrade -vrR png-1.2.38 --- Session started at: Wed, 16 Sep 2009 11:11:50 +0200 [Gathering depends for graphics/png done] [Gathering depends for misc/mc done] [Gathering depends for audio/sox done] [Gathering depends for x11-toolkits/pango .. ... done] [Gathering depends for databases/rrdtool ... done] [Gathering depends for sysutils/apcupsd . done] [Gathering depends for multimedia/mplayer .. done] [Gathering depends for net-mgmt/mrtg .. done] [Exclude up-to-date packages .. done] ** None has been installed or upgraded. --- Session ended at: Wed, 16 Sep 2009 11:12:06 +0200 (consumed 00:00:16) I saw someone ask about this in Google Groups on the 14th but he has not got an answer yet, so I am not the only one. How do I fix this? -- DA Fo rsythNetwork Supervisor Principal Technical Officer -- Institute for Water Research http://www.ru.ac.za/institutes/iwr/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: reporter on deadline seeks comment about reported security bug in FreeBSD
On Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:47:10 -0700 per...@pluto.rain.com wrote: Jerry ges...@yahoo.com wrote: Waiting until someone is harmed is tantamount to being an accomplice to the act. And providing details of a currently-undefendable vulnerability to a black hat who did not previously know about it, thereby enabling the black hat to perpetrate harm that would otherwise not have occurred, isn't? The simple act of publishing the fact that a know exploit exists for a given program compromises nothing. Example: WARN: The following program(s) have known exploits. PROGRAM: prog-name PROGRAM VERSION: 2.4 OS: FreeBSD-7.2+ EXPLOIT: Potential to render HD inaccessible PATCH: NONE AVAILABLE SUGGESTION: If prog-name is not imperative to system performance, remove it and consider using a similar product by another author. A simple solution that affords the end user the right to make an informed decision. I realize that governments, especially socialistic/fascists ones use the terms 'censorship' and 'secret' with the term 'For their own good' interchangeable. I would hate to see the open-source community, especially FBSD embracing that philosophy. -- Jerry ges...@yahoo.com Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything. George Bernard Shaw ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Moused crashes with Synaptics
hw.psm.synaptics_support=1 hw.psm.synaptics.vscroll_hor_area=1300 Did this help your problem? ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: portupgrade broken
On Wed, 16 Sep 2009 11:18:39 +0200 DA Forsyth d.fors...@ru.ac.za wrote: [snip] I saw someone ask about this in Google Groups on the 14th but he has not got an answer yet, so I am not the only one. How do I fix this? You could try the following; 1) Update your ports tree. 2) Remove: /var/db/pkg/pkgdb.db 3) Run: /usr/local/sbin/pkgdb -Ffuv 4: Run: /usr/local/sbin/portsdb -fUu 4) Run: /usr/sbin/pkg_version -vIL= Now run portupgrade as you normally do and see what transpires. If that still fails, install /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portmanager Then run it as thus: portmanager -u -l -y -p I have had great success in getting updates completed successfully with portmanager when portupgrade and portmaster both crapped out. I would suggest that you consider deleting the contents of the /usr/ports/distfiles prior to running any of the above port utility programs. -- Jerry ges...@yahoo.com There is no comfort without pain; thus we define salvation through suffering. Cato ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Moused crashes with Synaptics
Hi, Am Mittwoch, 16. Sep 2009, 11:16:24 + schrieb Eitan Adler: hw.psm.synaptics_support=1 hw.psm.synaptics.vscroll_hor_area=1300 Did this help your problem? Arrgh. The problem was that I had hit Fn-F7 (deactivate touchpad). The really vicious thing was that every time I opened the psm0 device, it supplied 80-150 bytes before performing the deactivation. Bertram -- Bertram Scharpf Stuttgart, Deutschland/Germany http://www.bertram-scharpf.de ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: New mail server setup
Matthew Seaman wrote: Steve Bertrand wrote: My minimum requirements: - IPv6 for all protocols - SPF - IMAP|POP3 must support SSL - SMTP AUTH - submit on 587 - MySQL backend for un/pw, vpopmail preferred, but not mandatory - Maildir storage preferred - easy (ie: well documented) integration with SA/clam - integration with maildrop .mailfiter preferred For an MTA: postfix does everything you want, it's not too shabby speed wise and the config files are reasonably comprehensible. For an IMAP/POP3 server: dovecot has the required functionality and unless you're dealing with thousands of user accounts it's probably a better alternative for you than the nuclear option of cyrus-imapd. Ok, I'm back up and rolling again. Thanks Matthew, and the others who replied off-list for all of the feedback. One thing that I forgot to ask in my original post was that of clustering. In our production network, we have a cluster of perimeter MX's, and a similar setup for our submission boxes (it's been a couple of years since we've strictly enforced AUTH for all clients). What I don't have, and have always wondered about, is live redundancy for the IMAP/POP services. I know that this would be a challenge to some degree considering the high volume of data changes. Perhaps a carp(4) setup between a couple of MDA's, where when the primary is up, a constant rsync pushes the data to the backup. Or perhaps a combination of rsync for manual changes, and a method to have the primary write the emails to a local disk, and a network disk simultaneously? If anyone has a setup that has redundancy for their IMAP/POP services, and a method to keep the changing data relatively up-to-date, I'd love to hear about it. Cheers, Steve smime.p7s Description: S/MIME Cryptographic Signature
Someone using eclipse PDT?
Hi, i was wondering if someone coud install the PDT for eclipse, i can successfull install eclipse from ports, but pdt is not a port and using the standard procedure installing elcipse packages from the update tool fails. Damian ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: New mail server setup
Steve Bertrand wrote: What I don't have, and have always wondered about, is live redundancy for the IMAP/POP services. I know that this would be a challenge to some degree considering the high volume of data changes. Perhaps a carp(4) setup between a couple of MDA's, where when the primary is up, a constant rsync pushes the data to the backup. Or perhaps a combination of rsync for manual changes, and a method to have the primary write the emails to a local disk, and a network disk simultaneously? If anyone has a setup that has redundancy for their IMAP/POP services, and a method to keep the changing data relatively up-to-date, I'd love to hear about it. Now, that is a different kettle of fish. This is a job for cyrus imap. I suggest googling for 'cyrus murder' -- this is almost, but not quite, a fully resilient mail store / IMAP system. Your mail store is divided into frontend IMAP protocol servers which handle user auth etc. and back-end mail stores. The protocol layer servers are fully resilient and you can fail over a user session at will, but the mailstores don't quite get there: mail is replicated across different stores, but actions modifying the mail store are not transactional across all the mail stores. Or in other words, you can lose a small amount of data if one of the mail stores goes bang at precisely the wrong moment. Even so, it will do better at keeping multiple copies of a mailstore in synch than any locally scripted rsync setup. Cheers, Matthew -- Dr Matthew J Seaman MA, D.Phil. Flat 3 7 Priory Courtyard PGP: http://www.infracaninophile.co.uk/pgpkey Ramsgate Kent, CT11 9PW, UK signature.asc Description: OpenPGP digital signature
Re: New mail server setup
Matthew Seaman wrote: Steve Bertrand wrote: If anyone has a setup that has redundancy for their IMAP/POP services, and a method to keep the changing data relatively up-to-date, I'd love to hear about it. Now, that is a different kettle of fish. This is a job for cyrus imap. I suggest googling for 'cyrus murder' -- this is almost, but not quite, a fully resilient mail store / IMAP system. Your mail store is divided into frontend IMAP protocol servers which handle user auth etc. and back-end mail stores. The protocol layer servers are fully resilient and you can fail over a user session at will, but the mailstores don't quite get there: mail is replicated across different stores, but actions modifying the mail store are not transactional across all the mail stores. Or in other words, you can lose a small amount of data if one of the mail stores goes bang at precisely the wrong moment. Even so, it will do better at keeping multiple copies of a mailstore in synch than any locally scripted rsync setup. This is *EXACTLY* what I was looking for! The possibility of loosing an extremely small amount of data far outweighs the possibility of a multi-hour outage where 3,000 users are receiving can't reach the POP3 server errors. Besides, our incoming SMTP gateway boxes cache all incoming email for 24 hours, and we can re-deliver any message to the back-end we wish during that window. I really try my best to design/implement all the systems I can like our networks... multiple paths and extremely quick convergence. Being able to take a box down to test/perform an upgrade, or during a failure without client impact is well worth any initial large learning curve imho. Thanks, Steve smime.p7s Description: S/MIME Cryptographic Signature
Can lagg0 failback be prevented?
I posted this on the -net list but didn't get any responses. I'm hoping a wider audience might help. We're using the lag driver to provide automatic failover in case of a network outage. The default configuration looks like this: lagg0: flags=8843UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST metric 0 mtu 1500 options=19bRXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM,TSO4 ether 00:a0:d1:e3:58:26 inet 192.168.17.40 netmask 0xf000 broadcast 192.168.31.255 inet 192.168.22.11 netmask 0xff00 broadcast 192.168.22.255 media: Ethernet autoselect status: active laggproto failover laggport: nfe1 flags=0 laggport: nfe0 flags=5MASTER,ACTIVE If nfe0 was to fail, we get an (almost) automatic failover to nfe1: lagg0: flags=8843UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST metric 0 mtu 1500 options=19bRXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM,TSO4 ether 00:a0:d1:e3:58:26 inet 192.168.17.40 netmask 0xf000 broadcast 192.168.31.255 inet 192.168.22.11 netmask 0xff00 broadcast 192.168.22.255 media: Ethernet autoselect status: active laggproto failover laggport: nfe1 flags=4ACTIVE laggport: nfe0 flags=1MASTER The problem we're having is when nfe0 comes online again, a failback occurs making nfe0 active again. This causes a momentary network outage that we want to prevent. Is there a way to configure the lagg device to stay with the currently active interface, even if the MASTER interface comes back online? ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Change one file in an ISO image
Hi list, I need to change one file in an existing ISO image. It is a DVD image btw. Unfortunately I dont have many options of changing the fie before creating the image. Mounting is not the issue, copying data neither but the ISO is also bootable. There must be a simpler solution as in copying all the content with cpio and making it bootable. OS on the DVD is WinPE btw. Does anyone have some pointers for performing this action? Rgds, Patrick ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Help configuring sendmail to send only using authorization to smart host
I need some help configuring sendmail to send only using authorization to a smart host being the ISP's mail server. I'm running 7.2-RELEASE. I've looked over http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/outgoing-only.html but want to use the built-in sendmail. I've run the following command: sendmail -d0.1 -bv, but SASL isn't included. Also, I would rather uses packages. Please advise. Phusion ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: reporter on deadline seeks comment about reported security bug in FreeBSD
--On Wednesday, September 16, 2009 06:08:50 -0500 Jerry ges...@yahoo.com wrote: On Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:47:10 -0700 per...@pluto.rain.com wrote: Jerry ges...@yahoo.com wrote: Waiting until someone is harmed is tantamount to being an accomplice to the act. And providing details of a currently-undefendable vulnerability to a black hat who did not previously know about it, thereby enabling the black hat to perpetrate harm that would otherwise not have occurred, isn't? The simple act of publishing the fact that a know exploit exists for a given program compromises nothing. Example: WARN: The following program(s) have known exploits. PROGRAM: prog-name PROGRAM VERSION: 2.4 OS: FreeBSD-7.2+ EXPLOIT: Potential to render HD inaccessible PATCH: NONE AVAILABLE SUGGESTION: If prog-name is not imperative to system performance, remove it and consider using a similar product by another author. A simple solution that affords the end user the right to make an informed decision. I realize that governments, especially socialistic/fascists ones use the terms 'censorship' and 'secret' with the term 'For their own good' interchangeable. I would hate to see the open-source community, especially FBSD embracing that philosophy. Are you really serious? What you posted (your example) does absolutely no good for the average user. What are you going to do? Stop using the program? And how can you possibly make an informed decision when you know nothing other than the fact that something is wrong? OTOH, it's all an attacker needs to start digging around and successfully break in. Think about this. A guy wants to find a pot of gold. He goes to a field and finds 12,000 pots. Where does he start? Along comes someone who believes in freedom of speech and says, Well, I don't know where the gold is, but that pot over there is a good place to look. I happen to know that it was put there recently and there was a lot of secrecy surrounding it. Or an attacker approaches a seemingly impenetrable castle, trying to figure out how to defeat the army inside. He knows he's going to have probe every area and lose many men in the process in order to find a weakness he can exploit. Then one soldier, believing in freedom sends them a message that there's a weakness on the north face of the wall. He doesn't tell them exactly where, but he's managed to focus their efforts on the area most likely to allow them to breach the wall and defeat the army inside, he's reduced the attacker's efforts by three fourths and reduced their losses as well. You clearly don't understand the advantage that hackers have over the average user. Rather than censorship, how the FreeBSD team handles issues like this is good stewardship. They have a responsibility to the community to protect them. They do that by not irresponsibly trumpeting known weaknesses before a solution is available to the end users. -- Paul Schmehl, Senior Infosec Analyst As if it wasn't already obvious, my opinions are my own and not those of my employer. *** It is as useless to argue with those who have renounced the use of reason as to administer medication to the dead. Thomas Jefferson ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
RE: New mail server setup
-Original Message- From: owner-freebsd-questi...@freebsd.org [mailto:owner-freebsd- questi...@freebsd.org] On Behalf Of Steve Bertrand Sent: Wednesday, September 16, 2009 7:09 AM To: Matthew Seaman Cc: questi...@freebsd.org Subject: Re: New mail server setup Matthew Seaman wrote: Steve Bertrand wrote: If anyone has a setup that has redundancy for their IMAP/POP services, and a method to keep the changing data relatively up-to-date, I'd love to hear about it. Now, that is a different kettle of fish. This is a job for cyrus imap. I suggest googling for 'cyrus murder' -- this is almost, but not quite, a fully resilient mail store / IMAP system. Your mail store is divided into frontend IMAP protocol servers which handle user auth etc. and back-end mail stores. The protocol layer servers are fully resilient and you can fail over a user session at will, but the mailstores don't quite get there: mail is replicated across different stores, but actions modifying the mail store are not transactional across all the mail stores. Or in other words, you can lose a small amount of data if one of the mail stores goes bang at precisely the wrong moment. Even so, it will do better at keeping multiple copies of a mailstore in synch than any locally scripted rsync setup. This is *EXACTLY* what I was looking for! The possibility of loosing an extremely small amount of data far outweighs the possibility of a multi-hour outage where 3,000 users are receiving can't reach the POP3 server errors. Besides, our incoming SMTP gateway boxes cache all incoming email for 24 hours, and we can re-deliver any message to the back-end we wish during that window. I really try my best to design/implement all the systems I can like our networks... multiple paths and extremely quick convergence. Being able to take a box down to test/perform an upgrade, or during a failure without client impact is well worth any initial large learning curve imho. Thanks, Steve Hello Steve: Another approach would be a cluster of Postfix servers and Dovecot servers behind PF load balancers. We have 3 POP servers (IMAP/POP), 9 Mail Servers, 2 Defer servers and 5 Filter servers that process over 20 million messages a day without a blip. We can take individual servers out of the pool for maintenance, etc. Everything is fed to a set of redundant NAS for the data storage and common configuration files. Regards, Mike -- Michael K. Smith - CISSP, GISP Chief Technical Officer - Adhost Internet LLC mksm...@adhost.com w: +1 (206) 404-9500 f: +1 (206) 404-9050 PGP: B49A DDF5 8611 27F3 08B9 84BB E61E 38C0 (Key ID: 0x9A96777D) ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
passing options thru '/etc/rc.d/foo start'
is there a general shell syntax that can be used to pass arguments to a daemon that you're starting with the /etc/rc.d/foo start command? for example, how does one start sshd using /etc/rc.d/sshd and pass it '-o X11Forwarding=no' without touching a config file? tom ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: passing options thru '/etc/rc.d/foo start'
On Wednesday 16 September 2009 18:45:29 Tom Worster wrote:
is there a general shell syntax that can be used to pass arguments to a
daemon that you're starting with the /etc/rc.d/foo start command?
for example, how does one start sshd using /etc/rc.d/sshd and pass it
'-o X11Forwarding=no' without touching a config file?
You don't. Defaults are set in /etc/defaults/rc.conf, overridden in
/etc/rc.conf. Unless you add the logic yourself in /etc/rc.conf, the
environment is not looked at.
So this means a one-time edit of /etc/rc.conf:
if test -n ${SSHD_FLAGS}; then
sshd_flags=${SSHD_FLAGS}
else
sshd_flags=${sshd_flags}
fi
Then start with SSHD_FLAGS=-o X11Forwarding=no /etc/rc.d/sshd start
But this is specific for sshd, as it supports _flags. There's no generic way
to do this.
--
Mel
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Re: Can lagg0 failback be prevented?
On Wednesday 16 September 2009 16:12:25 Peter Steele wrote: The problem we're having is when nfe0 comes online again, a failback occurs making nfe0 active again. This causes a momentary network outage that we want to prevent. Is there a way to configure the lagg device to stay with the currently active interface, even if the MASTER interface comes back online? Not really, unless you manually change master. However I believe this also causes a slight or even bigger network outage. Any reason you're not using loadbalance algorithm, since it seems to suit you better? -- Mel ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: passing options thru '/etc/rc.d/foo start'
On 9/16/09 1:35 PM, Mel Flynn
mel.flynn+fbsd.questi...@mailing.thruhere.net wrote:
On Wednesday 16 September 2009 18:45:29 Tom Worster wrote:
is there a general shell syntax that can be used to pass arguments to a
daemon that you're starting with the /etc/rc.d/foo start command?
for example, how does one start sshd using /etc/rc.d/sshd and pass it
'-o X11Forwarding=no' without touching a config file?
You don't. Defaults are set in /etc/defaults/rc.conf, overridden in
/etc/rc.conf. Unless you add the logic yourself in /etc/rc.conf, the
environment is not looked at.
So this means a one-time edit of /etc/rc.conf:
if test -n ${SSHD_FLAGS}; then
sshd_flags=${SSHD_FLAGS}
else
sshd_flags=${sshd_flags}
fi
Then start with SSHD_FLAGS=-o X11Forwarding=no /etc/rc.d/sshd start
But this is specific for sshd, as it supports _flags. There's no generic way
to do this.
thanks, Mel, that's good to know.
i think your suggestion of modifying rc.conf will turn out to be a tidy
solution for me.
tom
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Re: passing options thru '/etc/rc.d/foo start'
Tom Worster wrote: thanks, Mel, that's good to know. i think your suggestion of modifying rc.conf will turn out to be a tidy solution for me. You could also just put: sshd_flags=-o X11Forwarding=no into your /etc/rc.conf file. Pretty much all of the rc.d scripts support the use of NAME_flags being defined in /etc/rc.conf, which are passed as extra commandline arguments to the daemon. You should generally check /etc/defaults/rc.conf to see what you might be clobbering. A small number of scripts may override this feature from the library, breaking this method, but it's pretty widely supported. -- Chris Cowart Network Technical Lead Network Infrastructure Services, RSSP-IT UC Berkeley pgpdLHTVAM3EC.pgp Description: PGP signature
Re: passing options thru '/etc/rc.d/foo start'
On Wednesday 16 September 2009 20:21:40 Chris Cowart wrote: Tom Worster wrote: thanks, Mel, that's good to know. i think your suggestion of modifying rc.conf will turn out to be a tidy solution for me. You could also just put: sshd_flags=-o X11Forwarding=no into your /etc/rc.conf file. What he wants is passing arguments without touching config files, which I find myself needing sometimes as well, on machines where static partitions are mounted read-only + kern.secure_level. -- Mel ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
RE: Can lagg0 failback be prevented?
Not really, unless you manually change master. However I believe this also causes a slight or even bigger network outage. Any reason you're not using loadbalance algorithm, since it seems to suit you better? Our resident network guru is quite opposed to using the loadbalancing option since it comes with a lot of potentially undesirable baggage of its own... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: passing options thru '/etc/rc.d/foo start'
On 9/16/09 2:37 PM, Mel Flynn mel.flynn+fbsd.questi...@mailing.thruhere.net wrote: On Wednesday 16 September 2009 20:21:40 Chris Cowart wrote: Tom Worster wrote: thanks, Mel, that's good to know. i think your suggestion of modifying rc.conf will turn out to be a tidy solution for me. You could also just put: sshd_flags=-o X11Forwarding=no into your /etc/rc.conf file. What he wants is passing arguments without touching config files, which I find myself needing sometimes as well, on machines where static partitions are mounted read-only + kern.secure_level. that's right. when i read in 11.7 of the handbook: Since the rc.d system is primarily intended to start/stop services at system startup/shutdown time, ... i thought: maybe i'm making things hard by trying to use rc.d scripts when i could just execute the daemon's binary. an advantage i imagined of using rc.d is it starts the service with the same config as at boot so i don't have to remember any config items that might not be in the daemons config files. maybe all config _should_ be in the daemon's config files but then i _might_ have been both lazy and forgetful. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: passing options thru '/etc/rc.d/foo start'
Tom Worster wrote: is there a general shell syntax that can be used to pass arguments to a daemon that you're starting with the /etc/rc.d/foo start command? If you're starting service foo, then you should be able to define command arguments by setting foo_flags=-a -b -c. This is a convention, and particular services may use several more specific variables to build a command line or may simply ignore any flags variable completely, so you'll have to check each case individually. for example, how does one start sshd using /etc/rc.d/sshd and pass it '-o X11Forwarding=no' without touching a config file? In this case, setting sshd_flags will work as sshd uses the default rc start function. Cheers, Matthew -- Dr Matthew J Seaman MA, D.Phil. 7 Priory Courtyard Flat 3 PGP: http://www.infracaninophile.co.uk/pgpkey Ramsgate Kent, CT11 9PW signature.asc Description: OpenPGP digital signature
/tmp sticky bit differences on FreeBSD 8
Hi, can someone point me to what has changed in file creation modes in /tmp directory? # FreeBSD 6, 7: $ cd /tmp; id; touch testfile; mkdir testdir; ls -la uid=65534(nobody) gid=65534(nobody) groups=65534(nobody) drwxr-xr-x 2 nobody wheel 2 Sep 16 22:10 testdir -rw-r--r-- 1 nobody wheel 0 Sep 16 22:10 testfile # FreeBSD 8: $ cd /tmp; id; touch test; ls -la test uid=65534(nobody) gid=65534(nobody) groups=65534(nobody) drwxr-xr-x 2 nobody nobody 2 Sep 16 22:12 testdir -rw-r--r-- 1 nobody nobody 0 Sep 16 22:12 testfile On FreeBSD 6,7 files are created with wheel group, but on 8 - with `gid`. -- Artis Caune Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: /tmp sticky bit differences on FreeBSD 8
Artis Caune wrote: Hi, can someone point me to what has changed in file creation modes in /tmp directory? # FreeBSD 6, 7: $ cd /tmp; id; touch testfile; mkdir testdir; ls -la uid=65534(nobody) gid=65534(nobody) groups=65534(nobody) drwxr-xr-x 2 nobody wheel 2 Sep 16 22:10 testdir -rw-r--r-- 1 nobody wheel 0 Sep 16 22:10 testfile # FreeBSD 8: $ cd /tmp; id; touch test; ls -la test uid=65534(nobody) gid=65534(nobody) groups=65534(nobody) drwxr-xr-x 2 nobody nobody 2 Sep 16 22:12 testdir -rw-r--r-- 1 nobody nobody 0 Sep 16 22:12 testfile On FreeBSD 6,7 files are created with wheel group, but on 8 - with `gid`. It seems that ZFS uses SysV group semantics (new files get the 1ary group of the user unless the directory is set to SGID). UFS filesystems on 8.x still behave in the expected BSD way (new files get the same group as the directory unless the user is not a member of that group, when they get the users' 1ary group). There's a thread 'ZFS Group ownership' on this topic in freebsd-hack...@... at the moment. Cheers, Matthew -- Dr Matthew J Seaman MA, D.Phil. 7 Priory Courtyard Flat 3 PGP: http://www.infracaninophile.co.uk/pgpkey Ramsgate Kent, CT11 9PW signature.asc Description: OpenPGP digital signature
Re: /tmp sticky bit differences on FreeBSD 8
Matthew Seaman wrote: still behave in the expected BSD way (new files get the same group as the directory unless the user is not a member of that group, when they get the users' 1ary group). Errr... Correction. New files get the same group as the directory. Cheers, Matthew -- Dr Matthew J Seaman MA, D.Phil. 7 Priory Courtyard Flat 3 PGP: http://www.infracaninophile.co.uk/pgpkey Ramsgate Kent, CT11 9PW signature.asc Description: OpenPGP digital signature
Re: /tmp sticky bit differences on FreeBSD 8
2009/9/16 Matthew Seaman m.sea...@infracaninophile.co.uk: On FreeBSD 6,7 files are created with wheel group, but on 8 - with `gid`. It seems that ZFS uses SysV group semantics (new files get the 1ary group of the user unless the directory is set to SGID). UFS filesystems on 8.x still behave in the expected BSD way (new files get the same group as the directory unless the user is not a member of that group, when they get the users' 1ary group). There's a thread 'ZFS Group ownership' on this topic in freebsd-hack...@... at the moment. hmm, I use ZFS on FreeBSD 7, but still get wheel group and not egid. -- Artis Caune Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
A question about the date Function
The man page on date has an example showing how to get an output showing the number of seconds since the Epoch. date -j -f %a %b %d %T %Z %Y `date` +%s There is an envokation of date embedded in this command of date +%s I was curious as to what this command does so I tried the long form and then the short form with: date -j -f %a %b %d %T %Z %Y `date` +%s f0 date +%s f1 I then compared the outputs of f0 and f1 and they are identical. What does the long form of this command give us that date +%s fails to do? Nothing is broken, here. I am just curious. Thank you. Martin McCormick WB5AGZ Stillwater, OK Systems Engineer OSU Information Technology Department Telecommunications Services Group ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: /tmp sticky bit differences on FreeBSD 8
Artis Caune escreveu: 2009/9/16 Matthew Seaman [1]m.sea...@infracaninophile.co.uk: On FreeBSD 6,7 files are created with wheel group, but on 8 - with `gid`. It seems that ZFS uses SysV group semantics (new files get the 1ary group of the user unless the directory is set to SGID). UFS filesystems on 8.x still behave in the expected BSD way (new files get the same group as the directory unless the user is not a member of that group, when they get the users' 1ary group). There's a thread 'ZFS Group ownership' on this topic in freebsd-hack...@... at the moment. hmm, I use ZFS on FreeBSD 7, but still get wheel group and not egid. Maybe you did a chmod g+s dir... Check that, mybe it has something to do to what's happening to you. Otherwise, it might be something implemented only on v7. Leandro Magnabosco. References 1. mailto:m.sea...@infracaninophile.co.uk ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: passing options thru '/etc/rc.d/foo start'
On 9/16/09 3:19 PM, Matthew Seaman m.sea...@infracaninophile.co.uk wrote: Tom Worster wrote: is there a general shell syntax that can be used to pass arguments to a daemon that you're starting with the /etc/rc.d/foo start command? If you're starting service foo, then you should be able to define command arguments by setting foo_flags=-a -b -c. This is a convention, and particular services may use several more specific variables to build a command line or may simply ignore any flags variable completely, so you'll have to check each case individually. for example, how does one start sshd using /etc/rc.d/sshd and pass it '-o X11Forwarding=no' without touching a config file? In this case, setting sshd_flags will work as sshd uses the default rc start function. hi matthew, i tried this and couldn't make it work before i emailed my question. then mel answered that the /etc/rc.d/foo scripts ignore environment. and then, looking closer at man pages, i got the impression that perhaps only /etc/rc uses the foo_flags variables when it invokes /etc/rc.d/foo scripts. tom ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Clock delays in FreeBSD guest VM on VirtualBox
Hello. I am running several FreeBSD(8.0-BETA3) guest VMs on VirtualBox on OpenSolaris. On all hosts, I am configuring running ntpd. However, only one host (naming HostX) can sync the clock. All hosts except for HostX cannot sync the clock. (The time delays about 10 minutes in an hour.) What's the cause of this problem? Regards. I found a tip in VirtualBox helps, and the trick seem to solve the problem. But, I am not sure this is the right solution. The trick is, on OpenSolaris (the host system), to type the command. $ VBoxManage setextradata My VM name VBoxInternal/TM/TSCTiedToExecution 1 The FreeBSD VMs no more need ntpd to sync the clock. Regards. -- Kouki Hashimoto hsm...@gmail.com ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
sSMTP, this mailing list, and helo errors
I moved email from a FreeBSD 6.2 machine to a FreeBSD 7.2 machine. On both machines, I'm using sSMTP[1] to send email to a mailserver managed by a shared hosting server, with SSL/TLS authentication. Everything works, except for one small problem -- sending email to this list. It has apparently exposed a problem with the setup. I get a Helo command rejected: Host not found error when sending to this list. The weird part is that I'm using *exactly* the same ssmtp.conf file on both the 7.2 system and the 6.2 system. As you can see -- since this email comes from the 6.2 system -- that configuration file isn't causing any problems sending with sSMTP on 6.2, so I'm a little confused about the cause of the problem. Where else should I look for a problem? My MUA is Mutt (and yes, that's using exactly the same configuration file too). Thanks in advance for any help. ### NOTES 1: /usr/local/sbin/ssmtp -- Chad Perrin [ original content licensed OWL: http://owl.apotheon.org ] Quoth Alan Kay: I invented the term 'Object-Oriented', and I can tell you I did not have C++ in mind. pgpQ76TYXzSKC.pgp Description: PGP signature
Re: sSMTP, this mailing list, and helo errors
Chad Perrin wrote: I moved email from a FreeBSD 6.2 machine to a FreeBSD 7.2 machine. On both machines, I'm using sSMTP[1] to send email to a mailserver managed by a shared hosting server, with SSL/TLS authentication. Everything works, except for one small problem -- sending email to this list. It has apparently exposed a problem with the setup. I get a Helo command rejected: Host not found error when sending to this list. The weird part is that I'm using *exactly* the same ssmtp.conf file on both the 7.2 system and the 6.2 system. As you can see -- since this email comes from the 6.2 system -- that configuration file isn't causing any problems sending with sSMTP on 6.2, so I'm a little confused about the cause of the problem. Where else should I look for a problem? My first guess would be DNS. Whenever I see something like a 'host not found' of this nature I think no PTR record. Although I would think wrt mail the MX record would matter. My thinking is the two configs you have mentioned being identical the problem is a third config somewhere else, and first thing I'd look at is name resolution, forward and reverse. Grab a copy of the transaction with tcpdump or Wireshark. Perhaps the list filtering software is seeing mail with a From: some domain it isn't recognizing and blocking. Tcpdump/Wireshark from both hosts and compare for differences in the mail headers, e.g., the one that works and the one that doesn't. With Wireshark this is easy, just start a capture, send an email, stop capture, and use the Follow TCP Stream menu option. Or use tcpdump and import it into Wireshark. -Mike ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: A question about the date Function
On Wed, 16 Sep 2009 15:25:04 -0500 Martin McCormick mar...@dc.cis.okstate.edu wrote: date -j -f %a %b %d %T %Z %Y `date` +%s f0 date +%s f1 I then compared the outputs of f0 and f1 and they are identical. What does the long form of this command give us that date +%s fails to do? Nothing is broken, here. I am just curious. Thank you. I suspect that the the long form is just an example designed to demonstrate more than one thing in single line rather than a practical suggestion. I used to use it in scripts and never questioned it until for some reason it stopped working, and I tried the simpler alternative. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Change one file in an ISO image
Gelsema, P (Patrick) - FreeBSD wrote: Hi list, I need to change one file in an existing ISO image. It is a DVD image btw. Unfortunately I dont have many options of changing the fie before creating the image. Mounting is not the issue, copying data neither but the ISO is also bootable. There must be a simpler solution as in copying all the content with cpio and making it bootable. OS on the DVD is WinPE btw. Does anyone have some pointers for performing this action? Have you tried mounting it as a vnode ? and mounting it R/W ? mdconfig -a -t vnode -f file.img mount -t type /dev/md0 /mnt/rw_dvd Where type may be cd9660 or some other format of the image. I haven't seen reported success with this method (checked with various google searches), but perhaps there's something along these lines *will* work. Hope that helps, Bryant ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: sSMTP, this mailing list, and helo errors
I evidently forgot to disable Sendmail in my rc.conf on the 7.2 machine, which in turn reminded me that I had forgotten to change the mailer.conf to indicate my alternate MTA for sending emails. This means that my ssmtp.conf file was irrelevant, because sSMTP wasn't being used to send emails at all anyway. The relevant lines for mailer.conf, in case someone later on stumbles across this thread looking for a solution to the same problem, are: sendmail/usr/local/sbin/ssmtp send-mail /usr/local/sbin/ssmtp mailq /usr/local/sbin/ssmtp newaliases /usr/local/sbin/ssmtp hoststat/usr/local/sbin/ssmtp purgestat /usr/local/sbin/ssmtp If this email gets through to the list, consider my problem solved and myself suitably chagrined at having overlooked something that should have been so obvious to me. -- Chad Perrin [ original content licensed OWL: http://owl.apotheon.org ] pgptv1pcZkDDR.pgp Description: PGP signature
Re: Change one file in an ISO image
Bryant Eadon wrote: Have you tried mounting it as a vnode ? and mounting it R/W ? mdconfig -a -t vnode -f file.img mount -t type /dev/md0 /mnt/rw_dvd Where type may be cd9660 or some other format of the image. I haven't seen reported success with this method (checked with various google searches), but perhaps there's something along these lines *will* work. Pardon my political incorrectness... If you can't get it to work under FreeBSD, I'm pretty sure that it works under Linux: mount -t iso9660 -o loop file.img /mnt (I'm not sure that iso9660 is the right filesystem type, but man mount will tell you.) Once mounted that way you can use it like any other filesystem. I actually did this once, but it was years ago. Mike -- Michael David Crawford m...@prgmr.com prgmr.com - We Don't Assume You Are Stupid. Xen-Powered Virtual Private Servers: http://prgmr.com/xen ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Change one file in an ISO image
Why not just make a release with the updated file? -jgh On Wed, Sep 16, 2009 at 07:26:01PM -0400, Bryant Eadon thus spake: Gelsema, P (Patrick) - FreeBSD wrote: Hi list, I need to change one file in an existing ISO image. It is a DVD image btw. Unfortunately I dont have many options of changing the fie before creating the image. Mounting is not the issue, copying data neither but the ISO is also bootable. There must be a simpler solution as in copying all the content with cpio and making it bootable. OS on the DVD is WinPE btw. Does anyone have some pointers for performing this action? Have you tried mounting it as a vnode ? and mounting it R/W ? mdconfig -a -t vnode -f file.img mount -t type /dev/md0 /mnt/rw_dvd Where type may be cd9660 or some other format of the image. I haven't seen reported success with this method (checked with various google searches), but perhaps there's something along these lines *will* work. Hope that helps, Bryant ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Change one file in an ISO image
On Wed, 16 Sep 2009, Gelsema, P (Patrick) - FreeBSD wrote: I need to change one file in an existing ISO image. It is a DVD image btw. Unfortunately I dont have many options of changing the fie before creating the image. Mounting is not the issue, copying data neither but the ISO is also bootable. There must be a simpler solution as in copying all the content with cpio and making it bootable. OS on the DVD is WinPE btw. Does anyone have some pointers for performing this action? Maybe use sysutils/geteltorito to extract the boot image, then mount the image and copy out the files, then reassemble the whole thing with mkisofs. Untested... -Warren Block * Rapid City, South Dakota USA ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Change one file in an ISO image
Patrick Gelsema wrote: I need to change one file in an existing ISO image. It is a DVD image btw. Unfortunately I dont have many options of changing the fie before creating the image. Mounting is not the issue, copying data neither but the ISO is also bootable. There must be a simpler solution as in copying all the content with cpio and making it bootable. OS on the DVD is WinPE btw. Does anyone have some pointers for performing this action? Unfortunately, libarchive(3), which is used by tar(1) and cpio(1) on recent versions of FreeBSD, seems to have only read and extract support for ISO 9660 archives, and not write support (see libarchive-formats(5) or http://code.google.com/p/libarchive/wiki/LibarchiveFormats ). So while you could use tar(1) or cpio(1) to extract the contents of the dvd without mounting it in order to make your change, you would have to use some other tool to write the new .iso image, like mkisofs(8) from the sysutils/cdrtools-devel port. (And if the original image has extensions that are not supported by librarchive(3), you could use something like readcd(1) from that same port instead of tar(1) or cpio(1) to read and extract it.) b. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
CD doesn't eject from the drive.
I have PIONEER Model DVD-RW DVR-112D. I started the command cdda2wav -v255 -D5,0,0 -B -Owav to grab audio but stopped it with Ctrl-C. Now disk doesn't eject. Both eject command and cdcontrol -f /dev/acd0 eject commands hang, and system log gets messages, see below. It seems like a bug in atapi driver, since it didn't clear the state of cdrom hardware after controlling app died. Anybody knows how to eject the disk now without rebooting? 72-STABLE. Yuri messages acd0: WARNING - TEST_UNIT_READY freeing taskqueue zombie request acd0: WARNING - TEST_UNIT_READY taskqueue timeout - completing request directly acd0: WARNING - TEST_UNIT_READY freeing taskqueue zombie request aaccdd00:: WWAARRNNIINNGG -- PRREEAVDE_NTTO_CA LtLaOsWk qtuaesukeq uteiumee otuitm e-o ucto m-p lceotmipnlge trienqgu ersetq udeisrte cdtilryec tly acd0: WARNING - PREVENT_ALLOW freeing taskqueue zombie request acd0: WARNING - TEST_UNIT_READY taskqueue timeout - completing request directly acd0: WARNING - READ_TOC freeing taskqueue zombie request ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
warning, 100pc Ot... almost
this is only to the few hundred of you guys who read the slice of my novel. before i invest another twenty minutes in it, i'd be much obliged how many of you would actually buy th ebook. WEll, either ebook of pod. please answer only offlist; i'm asking here because this is where most of you guys know me. real question: anybody know when the latest OOo package will be available? by sheer carelessness i blew mine away. the only pkg on good-day is the amd can anybody build me a cp of OOo.311. i'm still running i386 7.1. on ubuntu, only 2.4, :( tx in advance, gary :wq -- Gary Kline kl...@thought.org http://www.thought.org Public Service Unix http://jottings.thought.org http://transfinite.thought.org The 5.67a release of Jottings: http://jottings.thought.org/index.php ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: A question about the date Function
Martin McCormick wrote: date -j -f %a %b %d %T %Z %Y `date` +%s f0 date +%s f1 What does the long form of this command give us that date +%s fails to do? It's a contrived example: date -j -f %a %b %d %T %Z %Y `date` +%s -j says don't alter the system date -- this is used if you want to read and format a date/time string other than the present time. -f says use the following format to read the input date. That's %a -- abbreviated weekday name (localized) %b -- abbreviated month name (localized) %d -- day of month as decimal number, zero padded to two digits %T -- equivalent to %H:%M:%S %H -- Hour in 24h clock, zero padded to two digits %M -- Minute, zero padded %S -- Second, zero padded %Z -- Time zone name %Y -- Year as 4 digits including century. (See strftime(3)) Which looks like this: % date +%a %b %d %T %Z %Y Thu Sep 17 06:31:15 BST 2009 and that just happens to be the default *output* format date produces without any arguments. Which is appropriate as the next item on the command line is `date` Rune the date command without arguments and substitute the output into the command line here as a single argument +%s finally, says output the date that was read in as the number of seconds since the epoch. This is an argument to the initial date command. so the end result is that the command reads the current date time in the standard output format, parses all of that then converts it into seconds-since-the-epoch, using two invocations of the date(1) program to do so. Which is not at all efficient if all you need to do is generate the current epoch time. Just use date +%s for that. On the other hand, it does show you how to convert an arbitrary date/time to epoch time. eg.: % date -j -f %a %b %d %T %Z %Y Fri Feb 13 23:31:30 GMT 2009 +%s 1234567890 Cheers, Matthew -- Dr Matthew J Seaman MA, D.Phil. 7 Priory Courtyard Flat 3 PGP: http://www.infracaninophile.co.uk/pgpkey Ramsgate Kent, CT11 9PW signature.asc Description: OpenPGP digital signature
