Re: Greybeards (Re: Netbooks BSD)

2010-10-21 Thread Chad Perrin
On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 07:25:14PM -0400, Rich Kulawiec wrote:
 
 And I'm appalled that my phone has more horsepower than a dual-cpu VAX
 11/780 with a floating-point accelerator.  That just doesn't seem right.

What I find appalling is that most of the extra power on my smartphone is
wasted on useless crap that only gets in my way.

-- 
Chad Perrin [ original content licensed OWL: http://owl.apotheon.org ]


pgpW90OzWAa2s.pgp
Description: PGP signature


Re: Greybeards (Re: Netbooks BSD)

2010-10-21 Thread Arthur Chance

On 10/20/10 23:07, Gary Kline wrote:

On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 09:10:28PM +0100, Arthur Chance wrote:

On 10/20/10 20:46, Bob Hall wrote:

On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 12:07:55PM -0500, Tim Daneliuk wrote:

On 10/20/2010 11:55 AM, Gary Kline wrote:

On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 12:47:38AM -0700, per...@pluto.rain.com wrote:

Matthias Apitzg...@unixarea.de   wrote:

El d?a Tuesday, October 19, 2010 a las 07:29:46PM -0700, Gary Kline escribi?:

PS:  I really _was_ current on hardware stuff.  Back in the VAX
780 days :-)

I booted my first UNIX V7 tape on a PDP-11 around 1982, I think.


Gotcha beat :)  UNIX V6, PDP-11/34, RK05 disk cartridge, 1975.
The whole runtime fit on one RK05.  The sources took a second one.


I remember the 11/34 fondly.  The whole EE department at Cory
Hall was running one one; then when I interned at Livermore my
job of porting the Portable F77 Compiler was done with vi and
the source code that Stu Feldman wrote.  I love[d] those bloody
old computers, :-)  Dunno why.   Maybe because they really
*were* about computing.  Not streaming [[whatever]] or having
php running.  (Blah^9^9^9)

:)


Heck, when I started out, they didn't even have zeros and ones yet.
We had to settle for os and ls ...


When I started out, we didn't have read/write heads for the hard disks.
We had to copy the data from the screen to the disk by hand using
magnetized sewing needles. In order to read the damn things we had to
pass a compass over the disk and see where the needle deflected.


Enough Monty Python Yorkshiremen claims, already. :-)

Getting back to reality, although I never did it (fortunately), a
friend of mine who was about a decade older than me (I'm mid/late
50s) had the experience of programming microcode on a machine by
inserting brass slugs for 0s and ferrite slugs for 1s on a pin
board. Anyone got any idea what that was? He was (UK) military so
maybe it wasn't a generally known box.



This microcode programming sounds just vagely familiar; seems like
mid/late-80's or early-90's. Am i right?  --Most uses for
supercomputers are mil/spooks/; that's the only reason the
idea might have floated past me.


No, this was circa 1970. I met him in 1975 and and it was past history 
for him then. He was Royal Air Force, if that gives a clue, and 
certainly wasn't a super - he talked about it as if it were a fairly 
dumb mini.


--
Although the wombat is real and the dragon is not, few know what a
wombat looks like, but everyone knows what a dragon looks like.

-- Avram Davidson, _Adventures in Unhistory_
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Re: Greybeards (Re: Netbooks BSD)

2010-10-21 Thread perryh
Svein Skogen (Listmail account) svein-listm...@tillbilde.net wrote:
 On 20.10.2010 09:47, per...@pluto.rain.com wrote:
  Matthias Apitz g...@unixarea.de wrote:
  El d?a Tuesday, October 19, 2010 a las 07:29:46PM -0700, Gary Kline
  escribi?:
  PS:  I really _was_ current on hardware stuff.  Back in the VAX
  780 days :-) 
  I booted my first UNIX V7 tape on a PDP-11 around 1982, I think.
  Gotcha beat :)  UNIX V6, PDP-11/34, RK05 disk cartridge, 1975.
  The whole runtime fit on one RK05.  The sources took a second one.
 I guess I'm just a kid, then, since I wasn't exposed to computers until
 6 years later (my excuse was being born in 1975). CP/M-80 and MP/M-80
 with intel asm, was where I started my hairpulling... Anybody else got
 nightmares about 8 inch floppies? ;)

If we're going to expand to non-Unix systems:  Fortran on an IBM 1401,
with punch card input and no OS at all, in 1966.
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Re: Netbooks BSD

2010-10-21 Thread four . harrisons
Sorry for top posting - I'm stuck on my phone.

I successfully installed FreeBSD on my Lenovo Ideapad before the memstick image 
was available by pulling the circuitry guts out of a USB HD and hooking it to a 
standard internal IDE CD-ROM. Wasn't pretty, but it worked.

Best avoiding Ideapads generally though because of ACPI issues.


Peter Harrison
www.4harrisons.blogspot.com


-
From:   David Brodbeck g...@gull.us
Subject:Re: Netbooks  BSD
Date:   20th October 2010 19:33

On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 10:32 AM, Gary Kline kl...@thought.org wrote:
         Sure,  the optical uses [I think] a USB connector.   Pretty  sure
         that  all these tiny toys are made at one factory! and then
         labeled  by the vendor.   If  all the opticals are essentially
         the  same, then great.

I think they all pretty much follow the same standard. I've even had
success using an IDE CD-ROM drive plugged into a USB-to-IDE adapter
cable, before.
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Re: need help with php.

2010-10-21 Thread four . harrisons
Sorry for top posting - I'm stuck on my phone.

Shouldn't that be:

use perl;

;-)

Peter Harrison
www.4harrisons.blogspot.com


-
From:   Alejandro Imass a...@p2ee.org
Subject:Re: need help with php.
Date:   20th October 2010 21:28

On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 1:49 PM, Gary Kline kl...@thought.org wrote:
 On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 12:42:36PM +0300, Odhiambo Washington wrote:
 On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 5:34 AM, Alejandro Imass a...@p2ee.org wrote:

         Anyway,  thanks, Wash, for your cookbook backup commands.   ((See, 
         ***this***  is why I am not among the early adopters; it's why
         I'm  still at 7.3, etc, etc.   )) 

         Anyway,  I'll try backing up and trying again,

         gary 

Yeah well, it's not so much the OS's fault here. I've said it before:
the PHP people are crazy and irresponsible with their upgrades. I have
never had these problems with Perl in the entire 5.x lifetime!!!

If you want to avoid future problems I'd drop PHP altogether. I ask
for appologies beforehand if this raises a language flame, but PHP
sucks in so many ways that it would just take me too long to write.
Use Perl.

Best,
Alejandro Imass
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Re: HP METAL FUSER FILM SLEEVE

2010-10-21 Thread JACK
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Re: Greybeards (Re: Netbooks BSD)

2010-10-21 Thread Julian H. Stacey
Hi,
Reference:
 From: David Brodbeck g...@gull.us 
 Date: Wed, 20 Oct 2010 14:58:40 -0700 
 Message-id:   aanlkti=zo1ojzcqs4xyezvmkonmt6uv_vmqki0hik...@mail.gmail.com 

David Brodbeck wrote:
 On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 1:10 PM, Arthur Chance free...@qeng-ho.org wrote:
  On 10/20/10 20:46, Bob Hall wrote:
  Getting back to reality, although I never did it (fortunately), a friend of
  mine who was about a decade older than me (I'm mid/late 50s) had the
  experience of programming microcode on a machine by inserting brass slugs
  for 0s and ferrite slugs for 1s on a pin board. Anyone got any idea what
  that was? He was (UK) military so maybe it wasn't a generally known box.
 
 Don't know about that one, but some early desktop calculators (and I
 think some early computerized phone switching systems) used etched PC
 boards as ROM.  The HP 9100 had 32K of ROM on a 16-layer PC board
 using this method.

Some Hasler (a Swiss co.) leased telegraph message switching systemss M150
had that too. I designed some cards with DIL switches, After 1975 I think.

Cheers,
Julian
-- 
Julian Stacey: BSD Unix Linux C Sys Eng Consultants Munich http://berklix.com
Mail plain text;  Not HTML, quoted-printable  base 64 spam formats.
Avoid top posting, it cripples itemised cumulative responses.
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Re: Greybeards (Re: Netbooks BSD)

2010-10-21 Thread krad
On 20 October 2010 21:10, Arthur Chance free...@qeng-ho.org wrote:

 On 10/20/10 20:46, Bob Hall wrote:

 On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 12:07:55PM -0500, Tim Daneliuk wrote:

 On 10/20/2010 11:55 AM, Gary Kline wrote:

 On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 12:47:38AM -0700, per...@pluto.rain.com wrote:

 Matthias Apitzg...@unixarea.de  wrote:

 El d?a Tuesday, October 19, 2010 a las 07:29:46PM -0700, Gary Kline
 escribi?:

PS:  I really _was_ current on hardware stuff.  Back in the
 VAX
780 days :-)

 I booted my first UNIX V7 tape on a PDP-11 around 1982, I think.


 Gotcha beat :)  UNIX V6, PDP-11/34, RK05 disk cartridge, 1975.
 The whole runtime fit on one RK05.  The sources took a second one.


I remember the 11/34 fondly.  The whole EE department at Cory
Hall was running one one; then when I interned at Livermore my
job of porting the Portable F77 Compiler was done with vi and
the source code that Stu Feldman wrote.  I love[d] those bloody
old computers, :-)  Dunno why.   Maybe because they really
*were* about computing.  Not streaming [[whatever]] or having
php running.  (Blah^9^9^9)

:)


 Heck, when I started out, they didn't even have zeros and ones yet.
 We had to settle for os and ls ...


 When I started out, we didn't have read/write heads for the hard disks.
 We had to copy the data from the screen to the disk by hand using
 magnetized sewing needles. In order to read the damn things we had to
 pass a compass over the disk and see where the needle deflected.


 Enough Monty Python Yorkshiremen claims, already. :-)

 Getting back to reality, although I never did it (fortunately), a friend of
 mine who was about a decade older than me (I'm mid/late 50s) had the
 experience of programming microcode on a machine by inserting brass slugs
 for 0s and ferrite slugs for 1s on a pin board. Anyone got any idea what
 that was? He was (UK) military so maybe it wasn't a generally known box.


 --
 Although the wombat is real and the dragon is not, few know what a
 wombat looks like, but everyone knows what a dragon looks like.

-- Avram Davidson, _Adventures in Unhistory_
 ___
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 freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org



My dad used to smooth the stones for his *abaci* 8))
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How FreeBSD Handles a DNS that is Down

2010-10-21 Thread Martin McCormick
This is an extremely novice question on my part, but
after what I recently witnessed, I am not so sure I understand
all I know.

The normal procedure on internet-connected systems is to
set the resolv.conf file to include at least 2 domain name
servers. Example:

nameserver  139.78.100.1
nameserver  139.78.200.1

Last night, I had to take down our primary DNS for
maintenance and lots of systems began having trouble of various
kinds.

While I expected the FreeBSD system I was on to hang for
a couple of seconds and then start using the second DNS, it
basically froze while some Linux boxes also began exhibiting
similar behavior.

I finally manually changed the resolv.conf on the system
I was using to force the slave DNS to be first in the list and
that helped, but loosing the primary DNS was not the slight
slowdown one might expect. It was a full-blown outage.

Are we missing some other configuration directive for Unix systems
that would make the systems use the redundancy a little
more gracefully than what happened? Otherwise, why have it if
somebody has to manually intervene? The only thing we should
have lost was dynamic updates. The systems that I know that were
basically hosed were FreeBSD and Linux. As soon as the mother
ship came back on line, everything was sweetness and light.

Thanks for any thoughts on this issue. I have only been
running DNS for around 18 years and we fortunately do not get to
see this condition often and when we do, it's hopefully for very
short periods, but the disruption is total.

Martin McCormick WB5AGZ  Stillwater, OK 
Systems Engineer
OSU Information Technology Department Telecommunications Services Group
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Re: Greybeards (Re: Netbooks BSD)

2010-10-21 Thread Robert Bonomi
 From owner-freebsd-questi...@freebsd.org  Wed Oct 20 15:04:17 2010
 From: Mike Jeays mike.je...@rogers.com
 To: Bob Hall rjh...@gmail.com,
 FreeBSD Mailing List freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
 Date: Wed, 20 Oct 2010 16:05:34 -0400
 Cc: 
 Subject: Re: Greybeards (Re: Netbooks  BSD)

 On October 20, 2010 03:46:06 pm Bob Hall wrote:
  On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 12:07:55PM -0500, Tim Daneliuk wrote:
   On 10/20/2010 11:55 AM, Gary Kline wrote:
On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 12:47:38AM -0700, per...@pluto.rain.com wrote:
Matthias Apitz g...@unixarea.de wrote:
El d?a Tuesday, October 19, 2010 a las 07:29:46PM -0700, Gary Kline 
 escribi?:
 PS:  I really _was_ current on hardware stuff.  Back in the VAX
 780 days :-)

I booted my first UNIX V7 tape on a PDP-11 around 1982, I think.

Gotcha beat :)  UNIX V6, PDP-11/34, RK05 disk cartridge, 1975.
The whole runtime fit on one RK05.  The sources took a second one.

I remember the 11/34 fondly.  The whole EE department at Cory
Hall was running one one; then when I interned at Livermore my
job of porting the Portable F77 Compiler was done with vi and
the source code that Stu Feldman wrote.  I love[d] those bloody
old computers, :-)  Dunno why.   Maybe because they really
*were* about computing.  Not streaming [[whatever]] or having
php running.  (Blah^9^9^9)

:)
   
   Heck, when I started out, they didn't even have zeros and ones yet.
   We had to settle for os and ls ...
  
  When I started out, we didn't have read/write heads for the hard disks.
  We had to copy the data from the screen to the disk by hand using
  magnetized sewing needles. In order to read the damn things we had to
  pass a compass over the disk and see where the needle deflected.

 OK, I guess you win! End-of-thread time?

Well, if one is going to get into that kind of bragging, the first *mainframe*
I worked on didn't have any disks at all. purely mag-tape based.   An early-
generation IBM system/360 with a whopping 64k words of _core_ memory.  The 
operating system was TOS (the Tape Operating System), predecessor of
DOS, which the machine was upgraded to when they got a couple of hard-disks
for it.  Single user, bare-bones batch processing,  punch-card input.  late 
1960s.

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Re: Greybeards (Re: Netbooks BSD)

2010-10-21 Thread Robert Bonomi
 From owner-freebsd-questi...@freebsd.org  Thu Oct 21 02:18:28 2010
 Date: Thu, 21 Oct 2010 08:20:07 +0100
 From: Arthur Chance free...@qeng-ho.org
 To: FreeBSD-Questions freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
 Subject: Re: Greybeards (Re: Netbooks  BSD)

 On 10/20/10 23:07, Gary Kline wrote:
  On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 09:10:28PM +0100, Arthur Chance wrote:
  On 10/20/10 20:46, Bob Hall wrote:
  On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 12:07:55PM -0500, Tim Daneliuk wrote:
  On 10/20/2010 11:55 AM, Gary Kline wrote:
  On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 12:47:38AM -0700, per...@pluto.rain.com wrote:
  Matthias Apitzg...@unixarea.de   wrote:
  El d?a Tuesday, October 19, 2010 a las 07:29:46PM -0700, Gary Kline 
  escribi?:
   PS:  I really _was_ current on hardware stuff.  Back in the VAX
   780 days :-)
  I booted my first UNIX V7 tape on a PDP-11 around 1982, I think.
 
  Gotcha beat :)  UNIX V6, PDP-11/34, RK05 disk cartridge, 1975.
  The whole runtime fit on one RK05.  The sources took a second one.
 
  I remember the 11/34 fondly.  The whole EE department at Cory
  Hall was running one one; then when I interned at Livermore my
  job of porting the Portable F77 Compiler was done with vi and
  the source code that Stu Feldman wrote.  I love[d] those bloody
  old computers, :-)  Dunno why.   Maybe because they really
  *were* about computing.  Not streaming [[whatever]] or having
  php running.  (Blah^9^9^9)
 
  :)
 
  Heck, when I started out, they didn't even have zeros and ones yet.
  We had to settle for os and ls ...
 
  When I started out, we didn't have read/write heads for the hard disks.
  We had to copy the data from the screen to the disk by hand using
  magnetized sewing needles. In order to read the damn things we had to
  pass a compass over the disk and see where the needle deflected.
 
  Enough Monty Python Yorkshiremen claims, already. :-)
 
  Getting back to reality, although I never did it (fortunately), a
  friend of mine who was about a decade older than me (I'm mid/late
  50s) had the experience of programming microcode on a machine by
  inserting brass slugs for 0s and ferrite slugs for 1s on a pin
  board. Anyone got any idea what that was? He was (UK) military so
  maybe it wasn't a generally known box.
 
 
  This microcode programming sounds just vagely familiar; seems like
  mid/late-80's or early-90's. Am i right?  --Most uses for
  supercomputers are mil/spooks/; that's the only reason the
  idea might have floated past me.

 No, this was circa 1970. I met him in 1975 and and it was past history 
 for him then. He was Royal Air Force, if that gives a clue, and 
 certainly wasn't a super - he talked about it as if it were a fairly 
 dumb mini.

That =had= to have been some kind of fairly specialized, and -very- limited
capability, hardware.  Probably a crypto translator.


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Re: How FreeBSD Handles a DNS that is Down

2010-10-21 Thread Matthias Apitz
El día Thursday, October 21, 2010 a las 06:22:15AM -0500, Martin McCormick 
escribió:

   This is an extremely novice question on my part, but
 after what I recently witnessed, I am not so sure I understand
 all I know.
 
   The normal procedure on internet-connected systems is to
 set the resolv.conf file to include at least 2 domain name
 servers. Example:
 
 nameserver139.78.100.1
 nameserver139.78.200.1
 
   Last night, I had to take down our primary DNS for
 maintenance and lots of systems began having trouble of various
 kinds.
...

The man page of resolv.conf states that the DNS are queried in that
order and if one timed out the next is queried; and this is that way for
any new resolver request; I've put one which does not exist as first
entry (10.0.1.99) and the existing in 2nd place (10.0.1.201) and checked
with tcpdump what happened when I do 'ping www.muc.de' three times:

# tcpdump -n host 10.0.1.99 or host 10.0.1.201
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on wlan0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes
13:37:43.401553 IP 10.49.96.52.44280  10.0.1.99.53: 13264+ A?  www.muc.de. (28)
13:37:48.403868 IP 10.49.96.52.15468  10.0.1.201.53: 13264+ A?  www.muc.de. 
(28)
13:37:48.430125 IP 10.0.1.201.53  10.49.96.52.15468: 13264 1/0/0 A 
193.149.48.8 (44)


13:37:59.240499 IP 10.49.96.52.42369  10.0.1.99.53: 36140+ A?  www.muc.de. (28)
13:38:04.242653 IP 10.49.96.52.28001  10.0.1.201.53: 36140+ A?  www.muc.de. 
(28)
13:38:04.244321 IP 10.0.1.201.53  10.49.96.52.28001: 36140 1/0/0 A 
193.149.48.8 (44)


13:38:14.964752 IP 10.49.96.52.24065  10.0.1.99.53: 39922+ A?  www.muc.de. (28)
13:38:19.967153 IP 10.49.96.52.19756  10.0.1.201.53: 39922+ A?  www.muc.de. 
(28)
13:38:19.968822 IP 10.0.1.201.53  10.49.96.52.19756: 39922 1/0/0 A 
193.149.48.8 (44)

This mean that it will at least slow down any new network connection

HIH

matthias


-- 
Matthias Apitz
t +49-89-61308 351 - f +49-89-61308 399 - m +49-170-4527211
e g...@unixarea.de - w http://www.unixarea.de/
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Re: How FreeBSD Handles a DNS that is Down

2010-10-21 Thread RW
On Thu, 21 Oct 2010 06:22:15 -0500
Martin McCormick mar...@dc.cis.okstate.edu wrote:

   Last night, I had to take down our primary DNS for
 maintenance and lots of systems began having trouble of various
 kinds.
 
   While I expected the FreeBSD system I was on to hang for
 a couple of seconds and then start using the second DNS, it
 basically froze while some Linux boxes also began exhibiting
 similar behavior.
 
   I finally manually changed the resolv.conf on the system
 I was using to force the slave DNS to be first in the list and
 that helped, but loosing the primary DNS was not the slight
 slowdown one might expect. It was a full-blown outage.

It works for me. The rules aren't 100% consistent, because some
software parses resolv.conf, or uses configured servers, and then goes
direct to the nameserver. 

Have you checked your firewall? Or maybe there is some difference
between the two server.

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Re: Netbooks BSD

2010-10-21 Thread Polytropon
On Wed, 20 Oct 2010 14:54:21 -0700, David Brodbeck g...@gull.us wrote:
 Fortunately, USB mass storage devices are highly standardized.  One of
 the things they got right.

Highly, but not fully. In some cases, manufacturers know better
and produce memory sticks that don't work on FreeBSD as they do
require some driver (no idea what is meant) to be accessible.
They seem to vialote the standards for USB direct access, so the
system gets into trouble (because it has to work with an obviously
defective storage media).

Here's an example of a stick I returned to the shop the same day,
said It's broken, money back. with a dmesg + fdisk printout on
tractor paper (always looks impressive). :-)

umass0: SanDisk Cruzer Micro, class 0/0, rev 2.00/2.00, addr 2 on uhub2
da0 at umass-sim0 bus 0 target 0 lun 0
da0: SanDisk Cruzer Micro 8.02 Removable Direct Access SCSI-0 device 
da0: 40.000MB/s transfers
da0: Attempt to query device size failed: UNIT ATTENTION, Medium not present
umass0: at uhub2 port 2 (addr 2) disconnected
(da0:umass-sim0:0:0:0): lost device
(da0:umass-sim0:0:0:0): removing device entry
umass0: detached

I couldn't not format it (it was some FAT format on it) as it
detached from the system by itself as soon as accessed.



 Now, the USB keyboard protocol...ugh, they really dropped the ball on
 that one.  It's standardized, which is good, but it's a polling
 interface and tends to occasionally lose events under high CPU load,
 which is bad.  Especially if it's a key-up event that gets lost.

USB mice suffer from the same problem - the polling. In the past,
I never had problems with interrupt-driven (serial and PS/2)
equipment, even on lowest-end (!) hardware. Today, some load can
render the system nearly inresponsive for several seconds (no
keyboard input, mouse stopped).




-- 
Polytropon
Magdeburg, Germany
Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0
Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ...
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Re: Greybeards (Re: Netbooks BSD)

2010-10-21 Thread RW
On Wed, 20 Oct 2010 21:10:28 +0100
Arthur Chance free...@qeng-ho.org wrote:


 50s) had the experience of programming microcode on a machine by
 inserting brass slugs for 0s and ferrite slugs for 1s on a pin board.

I wonder why it was brass/ferrite rather than brass/empty or
ferrite/empty.
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freeradius snmp support

2010-10-21 Thread Omer Faruk SEN
Hi,

I have read in this mailing list that snmp support of  freeradius
(radiusd) has some issues and it was removed. What is the current (as
of 2.1.10) status of snmp support in radiusd?

Regards.


PS: I may have fully misunderstood this issue because it had been
really very long time. I couldn't able to find the mail from archives
so I wanted to ask it to this list.
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Re: Greybeards (Re: Netbooks BSD)

2010-10-21 Thread Arthur Chance

On 10/21/10 13:38, RW wrote:

On Wed, 20 Oct 2010 21:10:28 +0100
Arthur Chancefree...@qeng-ho.org  wrote:



50s) had the experience of programming microcode on a machine by
inserting brass slugs for 0s and ferrite slugs for 1s on a pin board.


I wonder why it was brass/ferrite rather than brass/empty or
ferrite/empty.


Dredging up physics unused for 30+ years, ferrite is ferromagnetic and 
intensifies magnetic fields so a coil of wire with ferrite inside is a 
massively bigger inductor then an empty coil. I vaguely remember that 
brass is slightly diamagnetic, but could be mistaken. If it is, then it 
would have the opposite effect and reduce the inductance, so you'd get a 
better difference in signal between brass/ferrite than air/ferrite. 
Air/brass would give very small differences in signal, and we're talking 
about the times when 7400 TTL logic with 4 gates per package was state 
of the art, so big signals were good.


--
Although the wombat is real and the dragon is not, few know what a
wombat looks like, but everyone knows what a dragon looks like.

-- Avram Davidson, _Adventures in Unhistory_
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Re: Greybeards (Re: Netbooks BSD)

2010-10-21 Thread Alex Stangl
On Thu, Oct 21, 2010 at 01:38:44PM +0100, RW wrote:
 On Wed, 20 Oct 2010 21:10:28 +0100
 Arthur Chance free...@qeng-ho.org wrote:
  50s) had the experience of programming microcode on a machine by
  inserting brass slugs for 0s and ferrite slugs for 1s on a pin board.
 
 I wonder why it was brass/ferrite rather than brass/empty or
 ferrite/empty.

I was wondering the same thing. I suspect one of them may be equivalent
to empty electrically, however this way is less errorprone,
explicitly populating each slot, rather than relying upon empty,
which could in fact be a mistaken omission.

Alex
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Re: Netbooks BSD

2010-10-21 Thread RW
On Thu, 21 Oct 2010 14:33:46 +0200
Polytropon free...@edvax.de wrote:


 I couldn't not format it (it was some FAT format on it) as it
 detached from the system by itself as soon as accessed.

It might just have been faulty. If it couldn't be accessed as a normal
device, how would the driver get installed in the first place? 
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Re: need help with php.

2010-10-21 Thread Alejandro Imass
On Thu, Oct 21, 2010 at 4:53 AM,  four.harris...@googlemail.com wrote:
 Sorry for top posting - I'm stuck on my phone.

 Shouldn't that be:

 use perl;


That is correct sir! ;-)

 ;-)

 Peter Harrison
 www.4harrisons.blogspot.com

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Re: Netbooks BSD

2010-10-21 Thread Antonio Olivares
On Thu, Oct 21, 2010 at 7:33 AM, Polytropon free...@edvax.de wrote:
 On Wed, 20 Oct 2010 14:54:21 -0700, David Brodbeck g...@gull.us wrote:
 Fortunately, USB mass storage devices are highly standardized.  One of
 the things they got right.

 Highly, but not fully. In some cases, manufacturers know better
 and produce memory sticks that don't work on FreeBSD as they do
 require some driver (no idea what is meant) to be accessible.
 They seem to vialote the standards for USB direct access, so the
 system gets into trouble (because it has to work with an obviously
 defective storage media).

 Here's an example of a stick I returned to the shop the same day,
 said It's broken, money back. with a dmesg + fdisk printout on
 tractor paper (always looks impressive). :-)

 umass0: SanDisk Cruzer Micro, class 0/0, rev 2.00/2.00, addr 2 on uhub2
 da0 at umass-sim0 bus 0 target 0 lun 0
 da0: SanDisk Cruzer Micro 8.02 Removable Direct Access SCSI-0 device
 da0: 40.000MB/s transfers
 da0: Attempt to query device size failed: UNIT ATTENTION, Medium not present
 umass0: at uhub2 port 2 (addr 2) disconnected
 (da0:umass-sim0:0:0:0): lost device
 (da0:umass-sim0:0:0:0): removing device entry
 umass0: detached

 I couldn't not format it (it was some FAT format on it) as it
 detached from the system by itself as soon as accessed.


I had such a Usb stick, Went to get u3 removal tool and then removed
it and the usb becomes good again :)

Those Cruzer Mini's with the U3 software give lots of trouble.  First
remove the U3 crap from them and then they should work well :)



 Now, the USB keyboard protocol...ugh, they really dropped the ball on
 that one.  It's standardized, which is good, but it's a polling
 interface and tends to occasionally lose events under high CPU load,
 which is bad.  Especially if it's a key-up event that gets lost.

 USB mice suffer from the same problem - the polling. In the past,
 I never had problems with interrupt-driven (serial and PS/2)
 equipment, even on lowest-end (!) hardware. Today, some load can
 render the system nearly inresponsive for several seconds (no
 keyboard input, mouse stopped).



This is true.  I had some problems making a usb mouse work, but I had
to manually plug it in to different usb slots till it worked from the
start.  The keyboard(usb) sometimes takes a while longer to respond
than the PS2 one, but as long as I can get some work done.

Regards,

Antonio


 --
 Polytropon
 Magdeburg, Germany
 Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0
 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ...
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Re: Netbooks BSD

2010-10-21 Thread Polytropon
On Thu, 21 Oct 2010 09:01:56 -0500, Antonio Olivares olivares14...@gmail.com 
wrote:
 This is true.  I had some problems making a usb mouse work, but I had
 to manually plug it in to different usb slots till it worked from the
 start.  The keyboard(usb) sometimes takes a while longer to respond
 than the PS2 one, but as long as I can get some work done.

Yes - an observation I had starting with FreeBSD 7 (still 
on my home desktop): The keyboard is sometimes detected during
boot, and sometimes some time AFTER the login prompt is
presented (which implies that I cannot log in to the
system as the keyboard is logically not present); and in
some few cases, I need to re-plugin the keyboard. The
strange thing: I didn't have that behaviour on FreeBSD 5
(my home system until crash). It might have something to
do with the work done at the USB subsystem. On FreeBSD
5, the mouse and keyboard resulted in this message:

% dmesg | grep ^u[km]
ums0: Sun Microsystems Type 6 USB mouse, 
rev 1.00/1.02, addr 2, iclass 3/1
ums0: 3 buttons
ukbd0: Sun Microsystems Type 6 USB keyboard, 
rev 1.00/1.02, addr 3, iclass 3/1

Since I moved to FreeBSD 7 (didn't use 6 at home), I
just get this - on the SAME system:

% dmesg | grep ^u[km]
ums0: vendor 0x0430 product 0x0100, class 0/0, 
rev 1.00/1.02, addr 2 on uhub1
ums0: 3 buttons.
ukbd0: vendor 0x0430 product 0x0005, class 0/0, 
rev 1.00/1.02, addr 3 on uhub1

Still everything works as before. Strange...




-- 
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Magdeburg, Germany
Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0
Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ...
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Re: Netbooks BSD

2010-10-21 Thread Lowell Gilbert
David Brodbeck g...@gull.us writes:

 On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 2:42 PM, Lowell Gilbert
 freebsd-questions-lo...@be-well.ilk.org wrote:
 The plug isn't the issue.  Drivers are.

 Fortunately, USB mass storage devices are highly standardized.  One of
 the things they got right.

ATAPI devices passed through a converter to USB often don't work as
nicely.  The context wasn't related to umass.
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Re: Greybeards (Re: Netbooks BSD)

2010-10-21 Thread RW
On Thu, 21 Oct 2010 14:32:23 +0100
Arthur Chance free...@qeng-ho.org wrote:

 On 10/21/10 13:38, RW wrote:
  On Wed, 20 Oct 2010 21:10:28 +0100
  Arthur Chancefree...@qeng-ho.org  wrote:
 
 
  50s) had the experience of programming microcode on a machine by
  inserting brass slugs for 0s and ferrite slugs for 1s on a pin
  board.
 
  I wonder why it was brass/ferrite rather than brass/empty or
  ferrite/empty.
 
 Dredging up physics unused for 30+ years, ferrite is ferromagnetic
 and intensifies magnetic fields so a coil of wire with ferrite inside
 is a massively bigger inductor then an empty coil. I vaguely remember
 that brass is slightly diamagnetic, but could be mistaken. If it is,
 then it would have the opposite effect and reduce the inductance, so
 you'd get a better difference in signal between brass/ferrite than
 air/ferrite. 

Possibly. I'm wondering if there might be three states, where the third
state is writable.

 Air/brass would give very small differences in signal,

I was thinking in that case it would be open/short circuit.
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Re: Greybeards (Re: Netbooks BSD)

2010-10-21 Thread Henry Olyer
My first machine was an IBM 1620, but hey, at least we had an actual disk.
 A couple of 2311's.

To quote a fellow I used to consult for, two days' I had solved a
particularly nasty programming problem for his company, But what have you
done for us lately?



On Thu, Oct 21, 2010 at 10:57 AM, RW rwmailli...@googlemail.com wrote:

 On Thu, 21 Oct 2010 14:32:23 +0100
 Arthur Chance free...@qeng-ho.org wrote:

  On 10/21/10 13:38, RW wrote:
   On Wed, 20 Oct 2010 21:10:28 +0100
   Arthur Chancefree...@qeng-ho.org  wrote:
  
  
   50s) had the experience of programming microcode on a machine by
   inserting brass slugs for 0s and ferrite slugs for 1s on a pin
   board.
  
   I wonder why it was brass/ferrite rather than brass/empty or
   ferrite/empty.
 
  Dredging up physics unused for 30+ years, ferrite is ferromagnetic
  and intensifies magnetic fields so a coil of wire with ferrite inside
  is a massively bigger inductor then an empty coil. I vaguely remember
  that brass is slightly diamagnetic, but could be mistaken. If it is,
  then it would have the opposite effect and reduce the inductance, so
  you'd get a better difference in signal between brass/ferrite than
  air/ferrite.

 Possibly. I'm wondering if there might be three states, where the third
 state is writable.

  Air/brass would give very small differences in signal,

 I was thinking in that case it would be open/short circuit.
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/usr/local/lib/compat and /usr/local/lib/compat/pkg

2010-10-21 Thread Joe Auty
The other night I spent some frustrating time discovering that after
updating from 7.2 to 8.1, for some reason some of the libraries in
/usr/local/lib/compat/pkg were 32 bit on my 64 bit system which was
causing several of my binaries to generate unsupported filesystem
layout errors. I ended up copying the ones from /usr/local/lib/compat
into /usr/local/lib/compat/pkg which seemed to fix the problem.

Will this solution end up hurting me? Was there an official pathname
change to phase out the pkg directory at some point that might warrant
updating all of my packages (which I forgot to do)?


-- 
Joe Auty, NetMusician
NetMusician helps musicians, bands and artists create beautiful,
professional, custom designed, career-essential websites that are easy
to maintain and to integrate with popular social networks.
www.netmusician.org http://www.netmusician.org
j...@netmusician.org mailto:j...@netmusician.org

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Re: /usr/local/lib/compat and /usr/local/lib/compat/pkg

2010-10-21 Thread Dan Nelson
In the last episode (Oct 21), Joe Auty said:
 The other night I spent some frustrating time discovering that after
 updating from 7.2 to 8.1, for some reason some of the libraries in
 /usr/local/lib/compat/pkg were 32 bit on my 64 bit system which was
 causing several of my binaries to generate unsupported filesystem
 layout errors. I ended up copying the ones from /usr/local/lib/compat
 into /usr/local/lib/compat/pkg which seemed to fix the problem.

Did you also do a 32- 64-bit migration at some point?  You probably should
have moved everything in /usr/local/lib/compat to /usr/local/lib32 then to
avoid problems.  32-bit apps shouldn't look for their shlibs in
/usr/local/lib on a 64-bit system.  You can manually move any remaining ones
by using the file command to identify 32-bit files, then moving them (or
removing them if you have no 32-bit apps anymore).

-- 
Dan Nelson
dnel...@allantgroup.com
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Re: Netbooks BSD

2010-10-21 Thread Jerry
On Thu, 21 Oct 2010 14:33:46 +0200
Polytropon free...@edvax.de articulated:

 umass0: SanDisk Cruzer Micro, class 0/0, rev 2.00/2.00, addr 2 on
 uhub2 da0 at umass-sim0 bus 0 target 0 lun 0
 da0: SanDisk Cruzer Micro 8.02 Removable Direct Access SCSI-0
 device da0: 40.000MB/s transfers
 da0: Attempt to query device size failed: UNIT ATTENTION, Medium not
 present umass0: at uhub2 port 2 (addr 2) disconnected
 (da0:umass-sim0:0:0:0): lost device
 (da0:umass-sim0:0:0:0): removing device entry
 umass0: detached
 
 I couldn't not format it (it was some FAT format on it) as it
 detached from the system by itself as soon as accessed.

I suppose it was possible that it was an exFAT format
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExFAT; although, unlikely. Using a
similar stick, I am getting this output:

root: Unknown USB device: vendor 0x0781 product 0x5530 bus uhub1
kernel: ugen1.2: SanDisk at usbus1
kernel: umass1: SanDisk Cruzer, class 0/0, rev 2.00/2.00, addr 2 on usbus1
kernel: umass1:  SCSI over Bulk-Only; quirks = 0x
kernel: umass1:3:1:-1: Attached to scbus3
kernel: da4 at umass-sim1 bus 1 scbus3 target 0 lun 0
kernel: da4: SanDisk Cruzer 8.02 Removable Direct Access SCSI-0 device 
kernel: da4: 40.000MB/s transfers
kernel: da4: 3835MB (7856127 512 byte sectors: 255H 63S/T 489C)

Maybe yours was really just broken. There are suppose to be a flood of
counterfeit ones being pushed through various markets. Mislabeling being
the most common problem. Apparently, it is more prevalent in Europe
than the USA at present.

-- 
Jerry ✌
freebsd.u...@seibercom.net

Disclaimer: off-list followups get on-list replies or get ignored.
Please do not ignore the Reply-To header.
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Re: /usr/local/lib/compat and /usr/local/lib/compat/pkg

2010-10-21 Thread Joe Auty
Dan Nelson wrote:
 In the last episode (Oct 21), Joe Auty said:
 The other night I spent some frustrating time discovering that after
 updating from 7.2 to 8.1, for some reason some of the libraries in
 /usr/local/lib/compat/pkg were 32 bit on my 64 bit system which was
 causing several of my binaries to generate unsupported filesystem
 layout errors. I ended up copying the ones from /usr/local/lib/compat
 into /usr/local/lib/compat/pkg which seemed to fix the problem.

 Did you also do a 32- 64-bit migration at some point?  You probably should
 have moved everything in /usr/local/lib/compat to /usr/local/lib32 then to
 avoid problems.  32-bit apps shouldn't look for their shlibs in
 /usr/local/lib on a 64-bit system.  You can manually move any remaining ones
 by using the file command to identify 32-bit files, then moving them (or
 removing them if you have no 32-bit apps anymore).

Nope, there was never a 32 - 64 bit migration or vice versa. However,
doing a:

file /usr/local/lib/compat/pkg/libcrypt.so.4

indicated that several of these libraries in compat/pkg were i386 rather
than amd64.



-- 
Joe Auty, NetMusician
NetMusician helps musicians, bands and artists create beautiful,
professional, custom designed, career-essential websites that are easy
to maintain and to integrate with popular social networks.
www.netmusician.org http://www.netmusician.org
j...@netmusician.org mailto:j...@netmusician.org

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Re: Netbooks BSD

2010-10-21 Thread Gary Kline
On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 02:26:36PM -0700, Kevin Oberman wrote:
  Date: Wed, 20 Oct 2010 14:15:46 -0700
  From: Gary Kline kl...@thought.org
  Sender: owner-freebsd-mob...@freebsd.org
  
  On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 11:32:01AM -0700, David Brodbeck wrote:
   On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 10:32 AM, Gary Kline kl...@thought.org wrote:
       Sure, the optical uses [I think] a USB connector.  Pretty sure
       that all these tiny toys are made at one factory! and then
       labeled by the vendor.  If all the opticals are essentially
       the same, then great.
   
   I think they all pretty much follow the same standard. I've even had
   success using an IDE CD-ROM drive plugged into a USB-to-IDE adapter
   cable, before.
  
  
  That kinda makes me laugh, because isn't the idea of USB to 
  have *one* standard plug that fits into one jack?  --Seriously, 
  my favorite clicky keyboard is a PS/2 and I have a USB adaptor 
  that saved me.
  
  The thing about the memsticks is that on my tower cases, you
  have to get down and crawl around and find the jack...  Is there
  such a thing as a USB extender cable, say, a meter or two long?  
 
 Sure. My SmartCard token is plugged into one on my desk. Not knowing
 where you are I an only suggest Radio Shack or, if there is one near you,
 Frys. You can easily order one on-line for a LARGE number of
 vendors. Just remember that the maximum length of 5 meters.
 
 I see prices for brand-name cables at about $8.


Oustanding; thanks for the datapoint.  There is a Frys a few
miles from me, but I usually buy online.  Five meters ... hm,
that would almost reach to the kitchen table:-)

My wife and daughter bought some of the memsticks last spring
to bup a DOS/Win and for daughter's MacBook: xfer files to and
from school.  Since it's a lot cheaper than buying an optical
drive, the flash memory is the way to go.

gary

PS: Seattle.


 -- 
 R. Kevin Oberman, Network Engineer
 Energy Sciences Network (ESnet)
 Ernest O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab)
 E-mail: ober...@es.netPhone: +1 510 486-8634
 Key fingerprint:059B 2DDF 031C 9BA3 14A4  EADA 927D EBB3 987B 3751

-- 
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The 7.90a release of Jottings: http://jottings.thought.org/index.php
   http://journey.thought.org

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Anybody know what causes movie player to return ERR?

2010-10-21 Thread Gary Kline

I don't think this is OS-specific, but this morning I *wasted* a few
hours trying to watch a DVD of Dr. Strangelove.  I tried to dd the
iso into /usr/tmp, but that errored out too.  No, I have 0.0 intent
of wasting the diskspace on movies, but just wonder if why /dev/dvd
and /media fail.  Ubuntu.  To use my FBSD server I would have to
crawl down and mess with the tray, etc.  --Things usually just-work
with linux. 

Yeah, I am hip to this being a BSD list, and if no clues I will ry
my server before I return the movie to the library.  ...I would have
been a dollar that I could watch here at my desk.  Nope.

-- 
 Gary Kline  kl...@thought.org  http://www.thought.org  Public Service Unix
The 7.90a release of Jottings: http://jottings.thought.org/index.php
   http://journey.thought.org

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Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode

2010-10-21 Thread Michael Stellar
Hi,
   I have got these after running Freebsd 8.1 Release p1 Amd64 for a couple
hours, i have done kernel debugging it seems has anything to do with
sched_ule? :

admin# kgdb kernel.debug /var/crash/vmcore.0
GNU gdb 6.1.1 [FreeBSD]
Copyright 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain
conditions.
Type show copying to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB.  Type show warranty for details.
This GDB was configured as amd64-marcel-freebsd...

Unread portion of the kernel message buffer:
kernel trap 12 with interrupts disabled


Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode
cpuid = 2; apic id = 02
fault virtual address   = 0x210
fault code  = supervisor read data, page not present
instruction pointer = 0x20:0x80392403
stack pointer   = 0x28:0xff869b30
frame pointer   = 0x28:0xff869ba0
code segment= base 0x0, limit 0xf, type 0x1b
= DPL 0, pres 1, long 1, def32 0, gran 1
processor eflags= resume, IOPL = 0
current process = 12 (swi4: clock)
trap number = 12
panic: page fault
cpuid = 2
Uptime: 3h43m34s
Physical memory: 4073 MB
Dumping 2401 MB: 2386

Fatal trap 1: privileged instruction fault while in kernel mode
cpuid = 1; apic id = 01
instruction pointer = 0x20:0xff8695a0
stack pointer   = 0x28:0xff80ae41bb30
frame pointer   = 0x28:0xff80ae41bb60
code segment= base 0x0, limit 0xf, type 0x1b
= DPL 0, pres 1, long 1, def32 0, gran 1
processor eflags= interrupt enabled, resume, IOPL = 0
current process = 12 (irq15: ata1)
trap number = 1
 2370 2354 2338 2322 2306 2290 2274 2258 2242 2226 2210 2194 2178 2162 2146
2130 2114 2098 2082 2066 2050 2034 2018 2002 1986 1970 1954 1938 1922 1906
1890 1874 1858 1842 1826 1810 1794 1778 1762 1746 1730 1714 1698 1682 1666
1650 1634 1618 1602 1586 1570 1554 1538 1522 1506 1490 1474 1458 1442 1426
1410 1394 1378 1362 1346 1330 1314 1298 1282 1266 1250 1234 1218 1202 1186
1170 1154 1138 1122 1106 1090 1074 1058 1042 1026 1010 994 978 962 946 930
914 898 882 866 850 834 818 802 786 770 754 738 722 706 690 674 658 642 626
610 594 578 562 546 530 514 498 482 466 450 434 418 402 386 370 354 338 322
306 290 274 258 242 226 210 194 178 162 146 130 114 98 82 66 50 34 18 2

Reading symbols from /boot/kernel/zfs.ko...Reading symbols from
/boot/kernel/zfs.ko.symbols...done.
done.
Loaded symbols for /boot/kernel/zfs.ko
Reading symbols from /boot/kernel/opensolaris.ko...Reading symbols from
/boot/kernel/opensolaris.ko.symbols...done.
done.
Loaded symbols for /boot/kernel/opensolaris.ko
Reading symbols from /boot/kernel/krpc.ko...Reading symbols from
/boot/kernel/krpc.ko.symbols...done.
done.
Loaded symbols for /boot/kernel/krpc.ko
Reading symbols from /boot/kernel/geom_mirror.ko...Reading symbols from
/boot/kernel/geom_mirror.ko.symbols...done.
done.
Loaded symbols for /boot/kernel/geom_mirror.ko
#0  doadump () at pcpu.h:223
223
(kgdb) list *0x80392403
0x80392403 is in softclock (/usr/src/sys/kern/kern_timeout.c:356).
351 cc-cc_softticks++;
352 bucket = cc-cc_callwheel[curticks 
callwheelmask];
353 c = TAILQ_FIRST(bucket);
354 while (c) {
355 depth++;
356 if (c-c_time != curticks) {
357 c = TAILQ_NEXT(c, c_links.tqe);
358 ++steps;
359 if (steps = MAX_SOFTCLOCK_STEPS) {
360 cc-cc_next = c;
(kgdb) list *0xff8695a0
No source file for address 0xff8695a0.
(kgdb) list *0xff8695a0
No source file for address 0xff8695a0.
(kgdb) backtrace
#0  doadump () at pcpu.h:223
#1  0x8037cf6a in boot (howto=260) at
/usr/src/sys/kern/kern_shutdown.c:416
#2  0x8037d399 in panic (fmt=0x80632a5c %s) at
/usr/src/sys/kern/kern_shutdown.c:590
#3  0x805ae847 in trap_fatal (frame=0xff869a80,
eva=33554448) at /usr/src/sys/amd64/amd64/trap.c:777
#4  0x805af693 in trap (frame=0xff869a80) at
/usr/src/sys/amd64/amd64/trap.c:300
#5  0x80592674 in calltrap () at
/usr/src/sys/amd64/amd64/exception.S:223
#6  0x80392403 in softclock (arg=Variable arg is not available.
) at /usr/src/sys/kern/kern_timeout.c:355
#7  0x8035224d in intr_event_execute_handlers (p=Variable p is not
available.
) at /usr/src/sys/kern/kern_intr.c:1220
#8  0x80353962 in ithread_loop (arg=0xff000168b460) at
/usr/src/sys/kern/kern_intr.c:1233
#9  0x8034fb29 in fork_exit (callout=0x803538d0
ithread_loop, arg=0xff000168b460, 

Re: Netbooks BSD

2010-10-21 Thread Ian Smith
On Thu, 21 Oct 2010, Gary Kline wrote:
  On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 02:26:36PM -0700, Kevin Oberman wrote:
Date: Wed, 20 Oct 2010 14:15:46 -0700
From: Gary Kline kl...@thought.org
[..]
 The thing about the memsticks is that on my tower cases, you
 have to get down and crawl around and find the jack...  Is there
 such a thing as a USB extender cable, say, a meter or two long?  
   
   Sure. My SmartCard token is plugged into one on my desk. Not knowing
   where you are I an only suggest Radio Shack or, if there is one near you,
   Frys. You can easily order one on-line for a LARGE number of
   vendors. Just remember that the maximum length of 5 meters.
   
   I see prices for brand-name cables at about $8.
  
  
   Oustanding; thanks for the datapoint.  There is a Frys a few
   miles from me, but I usually buy online.  Five meters ... hm,
   that would almost reach to the kitchen table:-)

I've seen recommendations of not exceeding 2m for USB 2.0, for video 
cams anyway, so suggest using a cable only as long as you need.

   My wife and daughter bought some of the memsticks last spring
   to bup a DOS/Win and for daughter's MacBook: xfer files to and
   from school.  Since it's a lot cheaper than buying an optical
   drive, the flash memory is the way to go.

I recall paying nearly AU$100 for my first 1GB stick some years ago, but 
recently picked up two 'Kingston DataTraveller G2' brand 8GB sticks (on 
sale, superceded model) for $30 each.  There are reports of troubles - 
eg for booting FreeBSD - with some of the cheaper no-name brands, and 
for example Soekris recommend only SanDisk flash, so don't scrimp.

If only using it to boot/install/fixit FreeBSD, there's currently no 
point buying larger than a 1GB stick; any more will be wasted, as so far 
sysinstall can only use 'dangerously dedicated' sticks (da0a rather than 
da0sXa), presumably because it detects sliced da devices as 'real' SCSI 
disks, but I'm really hoping to work around that someday, somehow :)

I want to be able to boot from a properly sliced stick with a normal 
boot0 menu to be able to install or run fixit for eg 8.1-R (amd64 or 
i386) of a full -RELEASE a la DVD with packages, a small R/W slice for 
saving dmesg output etc of a tested machine _and_ a small DOS-formatted 
slice (s1) to exchange stuff with windows/mac users, on the one stick.

But the latter is probably better another topic, for another time ..

cheers, Ian
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