Re: advice on compiling a new kernel upgrading to the latest sources

2007-01-16 Thread RW
On Sun, 14 Jan 2007 23:24:56 +0200
Giorgos Keramidas [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 On 2007-01-14 15:35, Bill Moran [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 wrote:
  Giorgos Keramidas [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
  [copious snippage]
2. Cd /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf which contains the file MYKERNEL
  
   No it doesn't.  CVSup will delete the files it doesn't know
   about, so you should *SAVE a copy* of your favorite kernel config
   file outside of the source tree and *copy* it into
   `/usr/src/sys/amd64/conf' after CVSup finishes updates the
   sources.
 
  Really?  What have I been doing wrong?  I've been keeping custom
  kernel configs for years and cvsup has never deleted any of them.
 
 That's what the ``*default delete use-rel-suffix'' option does, AFAIK.
 
 The default supfile examples in `/usr/share/examples/cvsup' have this
 option enabled, and cvsup(1) says about it:
 
   delete  The presence of this keyword gives cvsup permission to
   delete files.  If it is missing, no files will be deleted.
 
 The presence of the delete keyword puts cvsup into
 so-called exact mode.  In exact mode, CVSup does its
 best to make the client's files correspond to those on
 the server.  This includes deleting individual deltas
 and symbolic tags from RCS files, as well as deleting
 entire files.  In exact mode, CVSup verifies every
 edited file with a checksum, to ensure that the edits
 have produced a file identical to the master copy on
 the server.  If the checksum test fails for a file,
 then CVSup falls back upon transferring the entire
 file.
 
 In general, CVSup deletes only files which are known to
 the server.  Extra files present in the client's tree
 are left alone, even in exact mode.  More precisely,
 CVSup is willing to delete two classes of files:
   o   Files that were previously created or updated by CVSup
   itself.
   o   Checked-out versions of files which are marked as dead
 on the server.
 
 If the option doesn't work this way, then I stand corrected.


Note the sentence: 

Extra files present in the client's tree are left alone, even in exact
mode

If a file has *never* been under CVS it's left alone. 

Having said that I still prefer to symlink because I like to be able to
delete directories maintained by cvsup without losing anything.
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advice on compiling a new kernel upgrading to the latest sources

2007-01-14 Thread Dino Vliet
Hi folks,
from different sources I have written my steps to
compile a new kernel  upgrade to the latest sources.
Can anyone have a look into them and tell me if I
won't run into troubles or if there are better ways to
achieve the same?

Upgrade procedure to the newest freebsd kernel and
userland.

1.Make sure that the cvsup file (src-supfile) is
adjusted in the right way.
2.Cd /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf which contains the file
MYKERNEL
3.MYKERNEL is then adjusted, if necessary and copied
to root/kernels/MYKERNEL
4.Copy everything under /etc to /root/etc
5.cvsup -g -L 2  src-supfile 
6.cd /usr/src
7.make cleanworld 
8.make buildworld
9.make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL
10.Go into single user mode
11.If the new kernel doesn't boot reboot and hit the
space bar at the boot prompt and boot kernel.old If
the new kernel boots OK mount -a 
12.cd /usr/src

13.make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL
14.Go into single user mode
15.cd /usr/src
16.mergemaster -p
17.make installworld
18.mergemaster -i
19.exit and reboot

Is this ok? Or have I forgot about something?
I'm running a freebsd 6.1 machine on a amd64 system
with an adjusted kernel called MYKERNEL.

Thanks inadvanced,
Dino


 

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Re: advice on compiling a new kernel upgrading to the latest sources

2007-01-14 Thread Reko Turja

From: Dino Vliet [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
Sent: Sunday, January 14, 2007 9:56 PM
Subject: advice on compiling a new kernel  upgrading to the latest 
sources




Hi folks,
from different sources I have written my steps to
compile a new kernel  upgrade to the latest sources.
Can anyone have a look into them and tell me if I
won't run into troubles or if there are better ways to
achieve the same?


//snip

The order how things are done is slightly different, I kept the 
numbers original though,but the sequence is:



12.cd /usr/src
13.make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL


Reboot after installing the new kernel. New kernel isn't there just 
after droppping to singleuser, but you need to boot.



11.If the new kernel doesn't boot reboot and hit the
space bar at the boot prompt and boot kernel.old If
the new kernel boots OK mount -a


Check that new kernel acts somewhat sane (some programs might fail 
though due changed kernel interfaces, like top or ps for example - I 
do go full multiuser to check this)



14.Go into single user mode
15.cd /usr/src
16.mergemaster -p
17.make installworld
18.mergemaster -i
19.exit and reboot


Shouldn't be need for reboot after this, just hit ctrl-D and enjoy the 
updated system. Updated scripts are executed only after machine goes 
into full multiuser.


-Reko 


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Re: advice on compiling a new kernel upgrading to the latest sources

2007-01-14 Thread Giorgos Keramidas
On 2007-01-14 11:56, Dino Vliet [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 Hi folks,
 from different sources I have written my steps to compile a new kernel
  upgrade to the latest sources.

Your instructions, however, are different from what /usr/src/UPDATING
contains.

Please, make *sure* you read `/usr/src/UPDATING' very carefully.
Especially the commands of the section ``To upgrade in-place ...''
and *all* the footnotes they reference.

 Can anyone have a look into them and tell me if I won't run into
 troubles or if there are better ways to achieve the same?

 Upgrade procedure to the newest freebsd kernel and userland.

 1.Make sure that the cvsup file (src-supfile) is adjusted in the right
 way.

That's ok.

 2. Cd /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf which contains the file MYKERNEL

No it doesn't.  CVSup will delete the files it doesn't know about, so
you should *SAVE a copy* of your favorite kernel config file outside of
the source tree and *copy* it into `/usr/src/sys/amd64/conf' after CVSup
finishes updates the sources.

 3.MYKERNEL is then adjusted, if necessary and copied to
 root/kernels/MYKERNEL

Nice :)

 4.Copy everything under /etc to /root/etc

Why?  This isn't mentioned in `/usr/src/UPDATING' and it doesn't really
help much if you manage to trash your /lib and /usr/lib trees.  A better
suggestion is to ``make sure you have good level 0 dumps'', as suggested
by ``/usr/src/UPDATING''.

 5.cvsup -g -L 2  src-supfile

You've deleted MYKERNEL here.

 6. cd /usr/src
 7. make cleanworld

The ``make cleanworld'' command is unnecessary if you haven't been
building stuff manually inside the tree.

 8. make buildworld
 9. make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL

You can do both at the same time, with:

# cd /usr/src
# make KERNCONF=MYKERNEL buildworld buildkernel

 10. Go into single user mode

You forgot to install the new kernel *before* rebooting here.  This
should be done with:

# cd /usr/src
# make KERNCONF=MYKERNEL installkernel

 11. If the new kernel doesn't boot reboot and hit the space bar at the
 boot prompt and boot kernel.old If the new kernel boots OK mount -a 

No, mount -a is not enough.  Please read the `UPDATING' file.  The
full sequence of commands would be something like:

(escape to loader prompt)
(at the OK prompt of the boot loader, type):

boot -s

Then, when the system starts a /bin/sh shell instance, type:

# adjkerntz -i
# fsck -p
# mount -u /
# mount -a

 12. cd /usr/src
 13. make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL

It is too late to install a new kernel here, if you didn't do it
*before* rebooting into single user mode.  The whole 'exercise' of
installing the new kernel and booting into single user mode is meant to
provide a level of testing for the new kernel.

If you haven't installed it and booted into the old kernel, some things
may fail to install later on, you don't know if the new kernel actually
works, etc.

 14. Go into single user mode

You *ARE* in single-user mode already.

 15. cd /usr/src
 16. mergemaster -p
 17. make installworld
 18. mergemaster -i
 19. exit and reboot

These look fine.

 Is this ok? Or have I forgot about something?  I'm running a freebsd
 6.1 machine on a amd64 system with an adjusted kernel called MYKERNEL.

Please read ``/usr/src/UPDATING''.  Then read it again.  Let the text
and all its footnotes sink in, and if you don't understand *why* a
particular step exists, or what a specific step is supposed to do, feel
free to ask.

We are here to help you update the system, but we are *also* here to
help you understand the why, when, how and what for of each step of the
process :-)

- Giorgos

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Re: advice on compiling a new kernel upgrading to the latest sources

2007-01-14 Thread Frank Staals

Dino Vliet wrote:

Hi folks,
from different sources I have written my steps to
compile a new kernel  upgrade to the latest sources.
Can anyone have a look into them and tell me if I
won't run into troubles or if there are better ways to
achieve the same?

Upgrade procedure to the newest freebsd kernel and
userland.

1.Make sure that the cvsup file (src-supfile) is
adjusted in the right way.
2.Cd /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf which contains the file
MYKERNEL
3.MYKERNEL is then adjusted, if necessary and copied
to root/kernels/MYKERNEL
4.Copy everything under /etc to /root/etc
5.cvsup -g -L 2  src-supfile 
6.cd /usr/src
  

so far so good

7.make cleanworld
The handbook suggest: rm -rf /usr/obj/* , the cleanworld might do the 
same you might check that
 
8.make buildworld

9.make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL
10.Go into single user mode
  

OK

11.If the new kernel doesn't boot reboot and hit the
space bar at the boot prompt and boot kernel.old If
the new kernel boots OK mount -a 
  
You have to install your kernel first, step 13 is next now. Also when 
allready running in the 'multi'-user mode a 'shutdown now' will bring 
you in single user mode

12.cd /usr/src

13.make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL
  
asuming you still are in single user mode you now have to do 'make 
installworld' ( your step 17 ), after you've done that run a 
'mergemaster' and you are finished.


Basically everything you have to do is documented perfectly in the 
FreeBSD Handbook: 
http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html


I suggest reading it (again?) and if possible open the page on a 2nd 
computer or something so you can read whatever step is next when 
rebuilding world.


Also you might want to run 'script /path/to/logfile/'  as also 
described in the handbook .

14.Go into single user mode
15.cd /usr/src
16.mergemaster -p
17.make installworld
18.mergemaster -i
19.exit and reboot

Is this ok? Or have I forgot about something?
I'm running a freebsd 6.1 machine on a amd64 system
with an adjusted kernel called MYKERNEL.

Thanks inadvanced,
Dino


 


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--
-Frank Staals


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Re: advice on compiling a new kernel upgrading to the latest sources

2007-01-14 Thread Bill Moran
Giorgos Keramidas [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

[copious snippage]

  2. Cd /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf which contains the file MYKERNEL
 
 No it doesn't.  CVSup will delete the files it doesn't know about, so
 you should *SAVE a copy* of your favorite kernel config file outside of
 the source tree and *copy* it into `/usr/src/sys/amd64/conf' after CVSup
 finishes updates the sources.

Really?  What have I been doing wrong?  I've been keeping custom kernel
configs for years and cvsup has never deleted any of them.

  4.Copy everything under /etc to /root/etc
 
 Why?  This isn't mentioned in `/usr/src/UPDATING' and it doesn't really
 help much if you manage to trash your /lib and /usr/lib trees.  A better
 suggestion is to ``make sure you have good level 0 dumps'', as suggested
 by ``/usr/src/UPDATING''.

While not mentioned in /usr/src/UPDATING, this is good practice in my
opinion.  mergemaster can be a tedious task, and making a local backup
of /etc has allowed me to undo some careless keystrokes a number of times.
I don't disagree with the dump advice, but an additional copy of /etc
around doesn't hurt anything and occasionally makes fixing a mistake
much faster an easier.

-Bill
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Re: advice on compiling a new kernel upgrading to the latest sources

2007-01-14 Thread kbtrace



Giorgos Keramidas wrote:

On 2007-01-14 11:56, Dino Vliet [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
  

Hi folks,
from different sources I have written my steps to compile a new kernel
 upgrade to the latest sources.



Your instructions, however, are different from what /usr/src/UPDATING
contains.

Please, make *sure* you read `/usr/src/UPDATING' very carefully.
Especially the commands of the section ``To upgrade in-place ...''
and *all* the footnotes they reference.

  

Can anyone have a look into them and tell me if I won't run into
troubles or if there are better ways to achieve the same?

Upgrade procedure to the newest freebsd kernel and userland.

1.Make sure that the cvsup file (src-supfile) is adjusted in the right
way.



That's ok.

  

2. Cd /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf which contains the file MYKERNEL



No it doesn't.  CVSup will delete the files it doesn't know about, so
you should *SAVE a copy* of your favorite kernel config file outside of
the source tree and *copy* it into `/usr/src/sys/amd64/conf' after CVSup
finishes updates the sources.
  

But in my practice, CVSup did nothing with my own kernel config file.
In my memory, cvs did nothing with the files not in the source tree.

3.MYKERNEL is then adjusted, if necessary and copied to
root/kernels/MYKERNEL



Nice :)

  

4.Copy everything under /etc to /root/etc



Why?  This isn't mentioned in `/usr/src/UPDATING' and it doesn't really
help much if you manage to trash your /lib and /usr/lib trees.  A better
suggestion is to ``make sure you have good level 0 dumps'', as suggested
by ``/usr/src/UPDATING''.

  

5.cvsup -g -L 2  src-supfile



You've deleted MYKERNEL here.

  

6. cd /usr/src
7. make cleanworld



The ``make cleanworld'' command is unnecessary if you haven't been
building stuff manually inside the tree.

  

8. make buildworld
9. make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL



You can do both at the same time, with:

# cd /usr/src
# make KERNCONF=MYKERNEL buildworld buildkernel

  

10. Go into single user mode



You forgot to install the new kernel *before* rebooting here.  This
should be done with:

# cd /usr/src
# make KERNCONF=MYKERNEL installkernel

  

11. If the new kernel doesn't boot reboot and hit the space bar at the
boot prompt and boot kernel.old If the new kernel boots OK mount -a 



No, mount -a is not enough.  Please read the `UPDATING' file.  The
full sequence of commands would be something like:

(escape to loader prompt)
(at the OK prompt of the boot loader, type):

boot -s

Then, when the system starts a /bin/sh shell instance, type:

# adjkerntz -i
# fsck -p
# mount -u /
# mount -a

  

12. cd /usr/src
13. make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL



It is too late to install a new kernel here, if you didn't do it
*before* rebooting into single user mode.  The whole 'exercise' of
installing the new kernel and booting into single user mode is meant to
provide a level of testing for the new kernel.

If you haven't installed it and booted into the old kernel, some things
may fail to install later on, you don't know if the new kernel actually
works, etc.

  

14. Go into single user mode



You *ARE* in single-user mode already.

  

15. cd /usr/src
16. mergemaster -p
17. make installworld
18. mergemaster -i
19. exit and reboot



These look fine.

  

Is this ok? Or have I forgot about something?  I'm running a freebsd
6.1 machine on a amd64 system with an adjusted kernel called MYKERNEL.



Please read ``/usr/src/UPDATING''.  Then read it again.  Let the text
and all its footnotes sink in, and if you don't understand *why* a
particular step exists, or what a specific step is supposed to do, feel
free to ask.

We are here to help you update the system, but we are *also* here to
help you understand the why, when, how and what for of each step of the
process :-)

- Giorgos

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Re: advice on compiling a new kernel upgrading to the latest sources

2007-01-14 Thread John Nielsen
On Sunday 14 January 2007 15:44, kbtrace wrote:
 Giorgos Keramidas wrote:
  On 2007-01-14 11:56, Dino Vliet [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
  2. Cd /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf which contains the file MYKERNEL
 
  No it doesn't.  CVSup will delete the files it doesn't know about, so
  you should *SAVE a copy* of your favorite kernel config file outside of
  the source tree and *copy* it into `/usr/src/sys/amd64/conf' after
  CVSup finishes updates the sources.

 But in my practice, CVSup did nothing with my own kernel config file.
 In my memory, cvs did nothing with the files not in the source tree.

Generally speaking, CVSup will delete files it doesn't know about. However, 
all of the src/sys/arch/conf directories have .cvsignore files in them 
which prevents this behavior.

JN
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Re: advice on compiling a new kernel upgrading to the latest sources

2007-01-14 Thread Garrett Cooper

John Nielsen wrote:

On Sunday 14 January 2007 15:44, kbtrace wrote:
  

Giorgos Keramidas wrote:


On 2007-01-14 11:56, Dino Vliet [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
  

2. Cd /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf which contains the file MYKERNEL


No it doesn't.  CVSup will delete the files it doesn't know about, so
you should *SAVE a copy* of your favorite kernel config file outside of
the source tree and *copy* it into `/usr/src/sys/amd64/conf' after
CVSup finishes updates the sources.
  

But in my practice, CVSup did nothing with my own kernel config file.
In my memory, cvs did nothing with the files not in the source tree.



Generally speaking, CVSup will delete files it doesn't know about. However, 
all of the src/sys/arch/conf directories have .cvsignore files in them 
which prevents this behavior.


JN
This line in the cvsup file changes that behavior (from 
http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cvsup.html):


*default release=cvs delete use-rel-suffix compress

Don't want stuff deleted when cvsup runs (not wise, but you can do it)?, 
remove the delete keyword in your cvsup file.


-Garrett
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Re: advice on compiling a new kernel upgrading to the latest sources

2007-01-14 Thread Dino Vliet

--- Giorgos Keramidas [EMAIL PROTECTED]
wrote:

 On:56, Dino Vliet
 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
  Hi folks,
  from different sources I have written my steps to
 compile a new kernel
   upgrade to the latest sources.
 
 Your instructions, however, are different from what
 /usr/src/UPDATING
 contains.
 
 Please, make *sure* you read `/usr/src/UPDATING'
 very carefully.
 Especially the commands of the section ``To upgrade
 in-place ...''
 and *all* the footnotes they reference.
 
  Can anyone have a look into them and tell me if I
 won't run into
  troubles or if there are better ways to achieve
 the same?
 
  Upgrade procedure to the newest freebsd kernel and
 userland.
 
  1.Make sure that the cvsup file (src-supfile) is
 adjusted in the right
  way.
 
 That's ok.
 
  2. Cd /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf which contains the
 file MYKERNEL
 
 No it doesn't.  CVSup will delete the files it
 doesn't know about, so
 you should *SAVE a copy* of your favorite kernel
 config file outside of
 the source tree and *copy* it into
 `/usr/src/sys/amd64/conf' after CVSup
 finishes updates the sources.
 
  3.MYKERNEL is then adjusted, if necessary and
 copied to
  root/kernels/MYKERNEL
 
 Nice :)
 
  4.Copy everything under /etc to /root/etc
 
 Why?  This isn't mentioned in `/usr/src/UPDATING'
 and it doesn't really
 help much if you manage to trash your /lib and
 /usr/lib trees.  A better
 suggestion is to ``make sure you have good level 0
 dumps'', as suggested
 by ``/usr/src/UPDATING''.
 
  5.cvsup -g -L 2  src-supfile
 
 You've deleted MYKERNEL here.
 
  6. cd /usr/src
  7. make cleanworld
 
 The ``make cleanworld'' command is unnecessary if
 you haven't been
 building stuff manually inside the tree.
 
  8. make buildworld
  9. make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL
 
 You can do both at the same time, with:
 
   # cd /usr/src
   # make KERNCONF=MYKERNEL buildworld buildkernel
 
  10. Go into single user mode
 
 You forgot to install the new kernel *before*
 rebooting here.  This
 should be done with:
 
   # cd /usr/src
   # make KERNCONF=MYKERNEL installkernel
 
  11. If the new kernel doesn't boot reboot and hit
 the space bar at the
  boot prompt and boot kernel.old If the new kernel
 boots OK mount -a 
 
 No, mount -a is not enough.  Please read the
 `UPDATING' file.  The
 full sequence of commands would be something like:
 
 (escape to loader prompt)
 (at the OK prompt of the boot loader, type):
 
   boot -s
 
 Then, when the system starts a /bin/sh shell
 instance, type:
 
   # adjkerntz -i
   # fsck -p
   # mount -u /
   # mount -a
 
  12. cd /usr/src
  13. make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL
 
 It is too late to install a new kernel here, if you
 didn't do it
 *before* rebooting into single user mode.  The whole
 'exercise' of
 installing the new kernel and booting into single
 user mode is meant to
 provide a level of testing for the new kernel.
 
 If you haven't installed it and booted into the old
 kernel, some things
 may fail to install later on, you don't know if the
 new kernel actually
 works, etc.
 
  14. Go into single user mode
 
 You *ARE* in single-user mode already.
 
  15. cd /usr/src
  16. mergemaster -p
  17. make installworld
  18. mergemaster -i
  19. exit and reboot
 
 These look fine.
 
  Is this ok? Or have I forgot about something?  I'm
 running a freebsd
  6.1 machine on a amd64 system with an adjusted
 kernel called MYKERNEL.
 
 Please read ``/usr/src/UPDATING''.  Then read it
 again.  Let the text
 and all its footnotes sink in, and if you don't
 understand *why* a
 particular step exists, or what a specific step is
 supposed to do, feel
 free to ask.
 
 We are here to help you update the system, but we
 are *also* here to
 help you understand the why, when, how and what for
 of each step of the
 process :-)
 
 - Giorgos
 
 

Thanks for your help!
I am glad I asked before doing it, so now I can check
out the resources given and try to learn why things
are they way they are.

Your post gave me a lit of valuable insights and I
will have to print everything out and read it
carefully.

I really like the FreeBSD way though (have just
donated  to the foundation because of the nice way
people like you treat this cry for help:-)

Thanks again!
Dino


 

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Re: advice on compiling a new kernel upgrading to the latest sources

2007-01-14 Thread Giorgos Keramidas
On 2007-01-14 15:35, Bill Moran [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 Giorgos Keramidas [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 [copious snippage]
   2. Cd /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf which contains the file MYKERNEL
 
  No it doesn't.  CVSup will delete the files it doesn't know about, so
  you should *SAVE a copy* of your favorite kernel config file outside of
  the source tree and *copy* it into `/usr/src/sys/amd64/conf' after CVSup
  finishes updates the sources.

 Really?  What have I been doing wrong?  I've been keeping custom kernel
 configs for years and cvsup has never deleted any of them.

That's what the ``*default delete use-rel-suffix'' option does, AFAIK.

The default supfile examples in `/usr/share/examples/cvsup' have this
option enabled, and cvsup(1) says about it:

  delete  The presence of this keyword gives cvsup permission to
  delete files.  If it is missing, no files will be deleted.

  The presence of the delete keyword puts cvsup into
  so-called exact mode.  In exact mode, CVSup does its
  best to make the client's files correspond to those on
  the server.  This includes deleting individual deltas
  and symbolic tags from RCS files, as well as deleting
  entire files.  In exact mode, CVSup verifies every
  edited file with a checksum, to ensure that the edits
  have produced a file identical to the master copy on
  the server.  If the checksum test fails for a file,
  then CVSup falls back upon transferring the entire
  file.

  In general, CVSup deletes only files which are known to
  the server.  Extra files present in the client's tree
  are left alone, even in exact mode.  More precisely,
  CVSup is willing to delete two classes of files:
  o   Files that were previously created or updated by CVSup
  itself.
  o   Checked-out versions of files which are marked as dead on
  the server.

If the option doesn't work this way, then I stand corrected.

 4.Copy everything under /etc to /root/etc

 Why?  This isn't mentioned in `/usr/src/UPDATING' and it doesn't really
 help much if you manage to trash your /lib and /usr/lib trees.  A better
 suggestion is to ``make sure you have good level 0 dumps'', as suggested
 by ``/usr/src/UPDATING''.

 While not mentioned in /usr/src/UPDATING, this is good practice in my
 opinion.  mergemaster can be a tedious task, and making a local backup
 of /etc has allowed me to undo some careless keystrokes a number of times.
 I don't disagree with the dump advice, but an additional copy of /etc
 around doesn't hurt anything and occasionally makes fixing a mistake
 much faster an easier.

Heh, true :)

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