Re: Locale problem updating 10.3 to 11.1

[Brandon Allbery]

A locale mapping is basically a lookup table (with complications for things
like ß). A single-byte lookup table will be 256 entries, each holding one
or more (because of combining characters) Unicode codepoints representing
the mapping from the locale character set to the underlying common
character set (Unicode). (There may also be a reverse lookup table for
mapping Unicode codepoints to locale codepoints.)

Without this, every program would have to deal directly with every possible
character set. With it, code can use Unicode internally and let the locale
system map to what to display, or in the other direction from what it has
read to the common representation.

(Complications include things like: depending on encoding/locale details,
German lowercase ß will uppercase to either SS or ẞ. And that's one of the
simpler ones; for some locales, things can get *really* weird. Not to
mention fun stuff like Arabic having 4 representations of every character:
initial, medial, final, standalone.)

Locale handling is seriously *nasty*. Unicode is also pretty nasty... but
it mostly manages the superset of individual locale nastinesses in about as
logical a way as possible given that locales are fundamentally illogical:
very few of them were designed, most grew organically and without regard
for rules or logic. (Esperanto locales being an exception... but even
Esperanto has developed some organic extensions with actual usage. It's how
humans work.)

On Wed, Feb 21, 2018 at 7:08 AM, Eivind Nicolay Evensen <
eivi...@terraplane.org> wrote:

> On Wed, Feb 21, 2018 at 01:03:01AM -0500, Brandon Allbery wrote:
> > On Tue, Feb 20, 2018 at 6:08 PM, Eivind Nicolay Evensen <
> > eivi...@terraplane.org> wrote:
> >
> > > However, since it was mentioned in a note starting with
> > > "Add support for unicode collation" I most likely didn't even read it
> > > since I'll never touch unicode.
> > >
> >
> > If you ever use anything other than LANG=C, you *are* touching Unicode.
>
> Well, I don't see multibyte characters with 8859-1, and
> multibyte is what I don't tolerate. I didn't even know
> that unicode could be single-byte character only sets.
>
>
>
>
> --
> Eivind
>



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Re: Locale problem updating 10.3 to 11.1

[Brandon Allbery]

Sorry, it's a bit trickier than that. I said "touching", not "using" as in
"UTF-8 locale".

Any locale system needs a common base to build locale descriptions from.
Unicode, or something functionally equivalent to it -- but given that we
need to support Unicode locales anyway, it makes the most sense ---
provides that common base.

So anything that affects Unicode handling implicitly affects the entire
locale system. LANG=C is the exception, because by the locale specification
it is the null mapping / what you would get if there were no locale system
at all.

On Wed, Feb 21, 2018 at 3:14 AM,  wrote:

> > > However, since it was mentioned in a note starting with
> > > "Add support for unicode collation" I most likely didn't even read it
> > > since I'll never touch unicode.
> > >
> >
> > If you ever use anything other than LANG=C, you *are* touching Unicode.
>
> % echo $LANG
> LANG: Undefined variable.
>
> % echo $LC_CTYPE
> nb_NO.ISO8859-1
>
> Works for me.
>
> But I did use a while to figure out what had happened between 10.3 and
> 11.1, since my Norwegian æøå suddenly stopped working (before changing
> LC_CTYPE to nb_NO.ISO8859-1).
>
> Steinar Haug, Nethelp consulting, sth...@nethelp.no
>



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Re: Locale problem updating 10.3 to 11.1

[Brandon Allbery]

On Tue, Feb 20, 2018 at 6:08 PM, Eivind Nicolay Evensen <
eivi...@terraplane.org> wrote:

> However, since it was mentioned in a note starting with
> "Add support for unicode collation" I most likely didn't even read it
> since I'll never touch unicode.
>

If you ever use anything other than LANG=C, you *are* touching Unicode.

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Re: 50 percent swap used, but "ps auxww" output shows no processes swapped out

[Brandon Allbery]

Also worth noting is that likely candidates for such pageouts include
long-lived daemons that are only needed, or which only need certain pages,
during startup/shutdown. So evicting only those pages to swap allows
optimal use of memory that would otherwise be wasted unnecessarily.

Studying demand paging and unified page management is worth the effort.
Modern OSes, including Windows, make heavy use of this to optimize memory
usage --- but it means that old-style notions of process memory usage will
leave you wondering how the numbers make any sense. (I see this quite a
lot; most people still seem to think the basic unit of memory management is
a process, not a memory page, despite unified page management being over a
decade old and basic demand paging going back to 4BSD days.)

On Sat, Feb 3, 2018 at 5:09 PM, Mark Millard via freebsd-stable <
freebsd-stable@freebsd.org> wrote:

> Brandon Allbery allbery.b at gmail.com wrote on
> Sat Feb 3 21:18:53 UTC 2018 :
>
> > Swapping whole processes out is not really a thing any more. Individual
> > pages are paged to/from memory; if a memory page has no backing file, it
> > will be allocated a block in swap space as its backing storage.
> >
> > (I'm not sure "W" status even means swap; I thought whole-process
> swapping
> > wasn't even supported any more.)
>
> From what I've seen on the lists there is a technical distinction
> made between "kernel stacks for the process no longer memory resident"
> (swapped out) and other pages for the process having paged to disk and
> not being resident.
>
> But many tools do not seem to present that point of view and still
> reflect an older view in the terminology used, including in
> documentation. One has to interpret what one is shown as I understand.
>
> As an example, top can show RES being zero despite the kernel stacks
> for the process not having been moved to disk. RES zero might not
> mean what one might expect about "swapped out".
>
> I do not know if a W after the first letter in state (STAT) for
> "ps auxww" track the kernel-stacks' resident-vs-not status for the
> process or not. (Matching your not sure status.)
>
>
> > On Sat, Feb 3, 2018 at 4:14 PM, Michael Voorhis 
> wrote:
> >
> > > Hi all,
> > >
> > > I've got an amd64 system running 11.1-STABLE r325027, with something
> > > like 20G of swap. "swapinfo" shows that half the swap is used.
> > >
> > > So of course I'm curious to know which processes have been swapped
> > > out. I'm not using any "tmpfs" filesystems; no ZFS, no huge amounts of
> > > wired-down memory. The system's got 16 processors and 128G of RAM. "ps
> > > auxww" output shows *no* processes that are swapped out (2nd character
> > > in "STAT" field is "W"). Not a single one. The only process with a W in
> > > the stat field at all is the "[intr]" kernel thread.
> > >
> > > What is using the swapspace
>
> The so-called swapspace is really the paging/swap-space with
> most of the use being paging typically. (As Brandon indicated.)
>
> Once a page is paged out, if the process sticks around but
> does not use or free the page, the page likely stays
> paged-out. (I'm guessing some at the intended results for
> default tuning --and that you probably are using default
> tuning.) So the in-use swapspace is likely from one or
> more existing processes that did page-outs earlier.
>
> (Expect my descriptions to be over simplified, but hopefully
> pointing in the right general direction.)
>
> > > Please educate me.
> > >
>
>
> ===
> Mark Millard
> marklmi at yahoo.com
> ( markmi at dsl-only.net is
> going away in 2018-Feb, late)
>
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Re: 50 percent swap used, but "ps auxww" output shows no processes swapped out

[Brandon Allbery]

Swapping whole processes out is not really a thing any more. Individual
pages are paged to/from memory; if a memory page has no backing file, it
will be allocated a block in swap space as its backing storage.

(I'm not sure "W" status even means swap; I thought whole-process swapping
wasn't even supported any more.)

On Sat, Feb 3, 2018 at 4:14 PM, Michael Voorhis  wrote:

> Hi all,
>
> I've got an amd64 system running 11.1-STABLE r325027, with something
> like 20G of swap. "swapinfo" shows that half the swap is used.
>
> So of course I'm curious to know which processes have been swapped
> out. I'm not using any "tmpfs" filesystems; no ZFS, no huge amounts of
> wired-down memory. The system's got 16 processors and 128G of RAM. "ps
> auxww" output shows *no* processes that are swapped out (2nd character
> in "STAT" field is "W"). Not a single one. The only process with a W in
> the stat field at all is the "[intr]" kernel thread.
>
> What is using the swapspace?
>
> Please educate me.
>
> Thanks,
>
> --MCV.
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Re: Error in 'make buildworld' on 10.3

[Brandon Allbery]

On Wed, Aug 16, 2017 at 1:46 AM, Aijaz Baig  wrote:

> ===> share/zoneinfo (all)
> cp -fp /usr/src/share/zoneinfo/../../contrib/tzdata//yearistype.sh
> yearistype
> cp: chflags: yearistype: Operation not supported
> *** Error code 1
>
> (...)
> Looks like it failed while building zoneinfo since apparently
> [file]yearistype[/file] is not supported (*on what? this processor i.e.
> CPUTYPE*??). Is there a way to skip certain packages (like related to
> regional localisations since US-EN is fine with me)??


Nothing to do with yearistype /per se/. Most likely you are booted into a
securelevel that forbids whatever chflags operation was attempted on that
filesystem.

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Re: 11.1-RELEASE: new line containing garbage added to "top"

[Brandon Allbery]

On Fri, Jul 28, 2017 at 10:17 AM, Glen Barber  wrote:

> > > ARC: 324M Total, 54M MFU, 129M MRU, 2970K Anon, 13M Header, 125M Other
> > >  136¿176M Compress185 194M Uncompressed361.94:1 Ratio
> > > Swap: 2441M Total, 277M Used, 2164M Free, 11% Inuse
> >
> > >   PID USERNAME   PRI NICE   SIZERES STATE   C   TIMEWCPU
> COMMAND
>
> Do you mean the blank line between the 'Swap:' line and 'PID'?
>

I assumed it meant the second line of the ARC summary, which has some
missing and/or wrong separators? ("¿"?)
(Presumably the (missing, there) ARC summary is also the source of the
extraneous blank line reported later.)

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Re: Trouble with SM961 in SuperMicro X11

[Brandon Allbery]

On Sun, Jul 23, 2017 at 10:47 PM, Terry Kennedy  wrote:

>   My offer of a test system with the card is still open, if someone wants
> to pick this up again. I will note that in my case, it only happens in my
> Supermicro systems (but again, Linux works well with it on those boxes).
> The SM961 in the same adapter works fine in a Dell system, and an Optane
> card also works fine in the Supermicro system.


Sounds like the bad old days when I had fun stuff like a video card
incompatible with a HD controller.

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Re: zpool imported twice with different names (was Re: Fwd: ZFS)

[Brandon Allbery]

On Wed, May 17, 2017 at 2:04 PM, Nikos Vassiliadis  wrote:

> If you boot from another system, there is no other way to
> import a pool than using "import -f". So, I guess it is
> part of normal administrative tasks. You can read more here:
>
> http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19253-01/819-5461/gazuf/index.html
>>
>
> This works and always have worked as documented.
> Renaming a pool also works as documented, that is,
> doing "zpool import oldnamepool newnamepool". Except
> for this corner-case. IMHO this is a very serious bug.
>

Sorry, no, that's not a bug. The bug is that, if importing on another
system is a common administrative operation, it should not require you to
disable *all* checking. I'd rather prefer specific support for that, e.g.
"import -F expectedhostname" to import a zpool on a different host from
expectedhostname --- now you have sanity checking for a potentially
dangerous operation as well as not turning off *all* error/sanity checking.

Sadly, this seems to not have occurred to either Sun or Oracle, despite
having documented it.

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Re: slow machine, swap in use, but more than 5GB of RAM inactive

[Brandon Allbery]

On Tue, Mar 7, 2017 at 2:02 AM, Slawa Olhovchenkov  wrote:

> inactive is not 'not used' memory.
> this is just pages don't touched in last 10(?) seconds, but all of
> this allocated (such as malloc, mmap, sendfile) to application
> (userland programs).
>

Or otherwise phrased: they're candidates to be paged out if something
requires that much memory soon. Meanwhile, stuff currently paged out will
stay there unless actively needed; why bother pulling it back in if nothing
actually needs it right now, especially since it got paged out because
nothing had used it recently (i.e. it was marked inactive)?

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Re: CARP forcing failover

[Brandon Allbery]

On Tue, Feb 28, 2017 at 7:58 PM, Aristedes Maniatis  wrote:

> Now, what command can I type that I could run remotely (SSH over the em0
> link)


The first thing you might want to look at is screen / tmux.

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Re: reset not working like 70% of the time

[Brandon Allbery]

On Wed, Jan 25, 2017 at 1:25 PM, Martin S. Weber  wrote:

> OP, try and create a minimal file with script that doesn't clean up your
> terminal
> on reset(1). Make sure it doesn't contain confidential information.
> Publish your
> environment (env | grep TERM) and this script file somewhere. Let others
> know the
>

Also include output of "stty -a" ideally both before and after the terminal
ends up in a weird state.

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Re: reset not working like 70% of the time

[Brandon Allbery]

On Wed, Jan 25, 2017 at 4:52 AM, Eugene M. Zheganin 
wrote:

> does anyone suffer from this too ? Right now (and for several last
> years) a 100% decent way to reset a terminal session (for instance,
> after a connection reset, after acidentally displaying a binary file
> with symbols that are treated as terminal control sequence, after
> breaking a cu session, etc) is to launch midnight commander and then
> quit from it. And the reset is working like in 30% of cases only. Unlike
> in Linux, where it's 100% functional.
>

Using an application like that to reset the terminal is dubious at best.
You are at the mercy of how exactly it does terminal conditioning, and
nobody makes any promises about its actual behavior. In fact it could be
argued that, if it does not put the terminal back exactly the way it found
it, the application is broken. But this is actually impossible to do
correctly as the application can't know the terminal's full ANSI X3.64
state. Additionally there's a bit of a "religious issue" around whether
full screen applications use xterm's alternate screen (and whether xterm
even has that enabled) which will save and restore more of the X3.64 state
around the application.

"tput reset; stty sane" (or just "reset") should usually put the terminal
into a sensible state. If it doesn't, figure out whether the part that
isn't happening is a termios or a terminfo setting and focus on that part.
Check if xterm has "Enable alternate screen switching" checked on the
control-middle button menu.

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Re: Does building linux packages under poudriere require linux compatibility emulation?

[Brandon Allbery]

On Sat, Jan 14, 2017 at 9:38 AM, Konstantin Tokarev 
wrote:

> 14.01.2017, 12:18, "René Ladan" :
> > Op 14 jan. 2017 01:07 schreef "Mark Martinec" <
> mark.martinec+free...@ijs.si
> >> :
> > When building packages under poudriere on 11.0-RELEASE-p7 (from a command
> > line in a terminal window) I'm noticing occasional streams of diagnostic:
> >
> >   ELF binary type "3" not known.
> >
> > which seem to be related to building some linux packages (example below,
> > parallel builds). Poudriere still reports success for these builds.
> >
> > The host where poudriere is running does not have linux.ko loaded.
> >
> > Does building such packages really require linuxilator configured
> > on the build host ???
>
> For example, your log includes building qdoc3. It is likely to be used in
> build process of other Qt packages.


qmake, moc, various utilities for maintaining Qt object registries... there
will be a lot of build tools, and you would need to force them to build
native instead of linux if you wanted to get away with not having the
linuxulator installed. (This will be hard if they are part of another build
that needs to be linux.) Same applies to gtk and dependents. And their
respective upstreams likely have no interest in what amounts to a
cross-compilation setup: too much difficult (and difficult for them to
test) work, very little demand.

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Re: suspend/resume on Skylake (Lenovo T460s) with FreeBSD11 stable

[Brandon Allbery]

On Mon, Dec 19, 2016 at 10:09 AM, Andreas Nilsson 
wrote:

> my Lenovo X1 yoga exhibits the same traits, it does suspend, but graphics
> are corrupted after resume. Machine usually is reachable over the network
> though.
>

Isn't that related to sc vs. vt? Various video cards, notably many NVidia
based, don't recover from suspend. sc can't reinitialize them. vt can, and
knows how to reinit some cards but needs to be taught how to reinit others.

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Re: [ZFS] files in a weird situtation

[Brandon Allbery]

On Sat, Dec 17, 2016 at 10:25 PM, David Marec 
wrote:

> In this case, what should be the best solution to clean this up ?
>
> As I said, as far scrubbing the pool didn't show any error, it didn't
> solve the issue.
>

That I don't know. With a nore Unix-like filesystem I'd run fsck; if
scrubbing the zpool didn't fix it, you may need a zfs expert :/


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Re: [ZFS] files in a weird situtation

[Brandon Allbery]

On Sat, Dec 17, 2016 at 9:01 PM, David Marec 
wrote:

>
> david:~>ls /lib/libjail.so.1
> ls: /lib/libjail.so.1: No such file or directory
> david:~>find /lib -name "libjail.so.1" -print
> /lib/libjail.so.1
> david:~>find /lib -name "libjail.so.1" -ls
> find: /lib/libjail.so.1: No such file or directory
>

You have a directory entry pointing at a freed inode (or zfs equivalent).

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Re: Upgrading boot from GPT(BIOS) to GPT(UEFI)

[Brandon Allbery]

On Sat, Dec 17, 2016 at 9:29 AM, Fernando Herrero Carrón 
wrote:

> * While getting to FreeBSD's loader seems a bit faster (or maybe that's
> just confirmation bias), bringing up the system does not seem much faster.
>

Aside from working around some buggy boot BIOSes, the main speedup would be
not having to do a staged load in 16 bit mode with only 1MB RAM accessible.
I don't think this will be that noticeable.

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Re: Upgrading boot from GPT(BIOS) to GPT(UEFI)

[Brandon Allbery]

On Sat, Dec 17, 2016 at 8:21 AM, Fernando Herrero Carrón 
wrote:

> Just out of curiosity, what other functionality will UEFI provide that
> takes up 50M?
>

Multiple UEFI programs for diagnostics and such, possibly including
standalone repair images.

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Re: Upgrading boot from GPT(BIOS) to GPT(UEFI)

[Brandon Allbery]

On Sat, Dec 17, 2016 at 8:25 AM, Fernando Herrero Carrón 
wrote:

>
> My understanding is that BIOSes still boot through kind of a legacy 32-bit
> path and UEFI boots straight 64-bit with all the bells and whistles. In
> fact:


Actually, they boot through a legacy 16 bit path, with access to only the
first 1MB of RAM until they can initialize native mode.

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Re: zfs, a directory that used to hold lot of files and listing pause

[Brandon Allbery]

On Fri, Oct 21, 2016 at 10:04 AM, Pete French 
wrote:

> Not forgotten, just under the impression that ZFS shrinks directories
> unlike good old UFS. Apparenrly not,
>

Someone offhandedly mentioned this earlier (it's apparently intended for
the future sometime). I at least hope they do something smarter than double
indirect blocks these days

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Re: sshd whines & dies after releng/10 "freebsd-update" run

[Brandon Allbery]

On Sun, Oct 16, 2016 at 12:26 PM, David Wolfskill 
wrote:

> This weekend, though, I was planning to update my other systems tfrom
> stable/10 to stable/11, so I figured I'd try freebsd-update on this
> machine first.
>

Wait, you used freebsd-update on a machine running stable? It only supports
releases. IOW you may well have *downgraded* the machine in some sense.
(Although really it should have just failed in that case.)

Also make sure you are not using an sshd from ports; even if such a
down/sidegrade works for base, I'd expect it to screw up installed ports.

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Re: Benchmarks results for FreeBSD 11

[Brandon Allbery]

On Sun, Aug 28, 2016 at 1:57 PM, K. Macy  wrote:

> Can you point to other platforms where the default system compiler has
> disabled functionality?
>

You have to install LLVM from elsewhere to get full functionality on OS X:
Apple only ships the parts that Xcode cares about. OTOH, this pretty much
only impacts things that want to use LLVM IR. (On the gripping hand, for
some people that is about as relevant as OpenMP.)

There were some late SunOS 4 releases where you had (p)cc in the base, with
various tools that people expect missing, and had to install SunSoft C to
get a decent compiler and all the tools. (They removed almost all of it
from Solaris 2, of course.)

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Re: FreeBSD 11.0-BETA2 Now Available

[Brandon Allbery]

On Sun, Jul 24, 2016 at 10:59 PM, Ask Bjørn Hansen 
wrote:

> freebsd-update gives me the “The update metadata is correctly signed, but
> failed an integrity check.” error, is that expected or is there something
> wrong with my system?


Quoting the announcement (although this should really have been earlier
than it was):

Note to freebsd-update(8) consumers: An EN for earlier FreeBSD releases
> is required before upgrading to 11.0-BETA2 will work properly, so it is
> advised to wait until the ENs are published before attempting an upgrade
> via freebsd-update(8).
>

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Re: FreeBSD 10.3 slow boot on Supermicro X11SSW-F

[Brandon Allbery]

On Thu, Jul 14, 2016 at 2:36 PM, Kurt Jaeger  wrote:

> Before: ca. 660 seconds to reboot, now 77 seconds to reboot.
> Now, if someone could explain, why...
>

https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2016-June/084865.html

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Re: Not-so stable if you take a CAM error....

[Brandon Allbery]

On Mon, Jul 11, 2016 at 9:46 AM, Karl Denninger  wrote:

> Here's the backtrace ... sounds like expected behavior, which is not-so
> good all-in for a situation like this.  I guess the strategy is to turn
> off softupdates before attempting such an update so as not to crash the
> host machine if there's a problem with the card.
>

I would tend to assume that removable media should not have softupdates
enabled. Even with properly working media, it's practically begging for
corruption.

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Re: unbound and ntp issuse

[Brandon Allbery]

On Fri, Jun 10, 2016 at 3:10 PM, Lowell Gilbert <
freebsd-stable-lo...@be-well.ilk.org> wrote:

> Well, we know that is not the case, because in that case nearly everyone
> would be having the problem.
>

That would be the point... maybe not "nearly everyone" although it is hard
to be certain, but I ran headlong into this when I tried to install --- and
thought I'd done something wrong until this thread, where I learned that it
doesn't work -out of the box-.

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Re: FreeBSD Quarterly Status Report - First Quarter 2016 (fwd)

[Brandon Allbery]

On Sun, May 1, 2016 at 10:25 PM, Kurt Buff  wrote:
>
> That's just good old fun with words, and driving people to the
> thesaurus


So what's it say about those of us who didn't need one?

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Re: output to file different than console. (ssh and zfs )

[Brandon Allbery]

On Thu, Mar 10, 2016 at 4:08 PM, Johan Hendriks <joh.hendr...@gmail.com>
wrote:
>
> Op 10/03/16 om 19:43 schreef Brandon Allbery:
>
> On Thu, Mar 10, 2016 at 1:41 PM, Johan Hendriks < <joh.hendr...@gmail.com>
> joh.hendr...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>> mytitle
>
>
> if ($?prompt) mytitle
>
> If I change mytitle to if ($?prompt) mytitle I get the following error.
> mytitle: command not found.
>
> This is how I have set it.
> alias mytitle 'printf "\033]0;$HOST\a"'
> if ($?prompt) mytitle
>

gah, csh! The one-line if form won't work with aliases. You need to use the
long form. :( This should work, then:

if ($?prompt) then
mytitle
endif

(if not then I'll have to dig up whether aliases are any weirder in csh,
like in ksh/bash they don't take effect in the file in which they're
defined --- although that clearly is not the case here)

I actually do title setting as part of prompt setup, so it automatically
behaves nicely with non-interactive use, but that's a bit too much for csh
to handle (I use zsh).

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Re: output to file different than console. (ssh and zfs )

[Brandon Allbery]

On Thu, Mar 10, 2016 at 1:41 PM, Johan Hendriks 
wrote:

> mytitle


if ($?prompt) mytitle


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Re: output to file different than console. (ssh and zfs )

[Brandon Allbery]

On Thu, Mar 10, 2016 at 1:12 PM, Johan Hendriks 
wrote:

> ^[]0;storage2.server.mydomain.com
>
> ^Gstorage/home/datadir1@15min_2016-03-09_22.20.00--1h
> storage/home/datadir2@15min_2016-03-09_22.20.00--1h
> storage/home/datadir3@15min_2016-03-09_22.20.00--1h
> storage/home/datadir4@15min_2016-03-09_22.20.00--1h
>

The ^[ .. ^G stuff is trying to write the hostname to a terminal emulator's
status bar. Check for the shell on that machine having some kind of precmd
(zsh) / $PROMPT_FUNCTION (bash) or just an echo like that in its dotfiles.

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Re: Why must X open TCP by default?

[Brandon Allbery]

On Wed, Mar 2, 2016 at 3:56 PM, Chris H  wrote:

> Good catch, by both you, and Brandon. I just tried it. But
> sockstat(1) still reports 6000 being open. Closing the X
> server, and session, reveal that 6000 is no longer open.
> Bummer.
>

Check `man 7 Xserver` to verify the option needed. You might also have to
check the xserverrc file (I don't recall where it is offhand and can't
really check right now, but startx is a shell script and the default
xserverrc will be set near the top) to see if it is overriding the option.
In that case you could copy the xserverrc to ~/.xserverrc (make sure it's
chmod +x) and edit that copy to force nolisten tcp, or for multiple users
you'd edit the master xserverrc but may need to remember to re-edit after
system updates.

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Re: Why must X open TCP by default?

[Brandon Allbery]

On Wed, Mar 2, 2016 at 3:40 PM, Chris H  wrote:

> startx -nolisten tcp


That would pass it to the session, not the server.

startx -- -nolisten tcp

(startx [[/path/to/session/start] session parameters] [-- [/path/to/server]
[:display] server parameters], see xinit manpage)

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Re: Problem with /usr/lib/libcrypt.a when building perl/python with libressl

[Brandon Allbery]

On Mon, Feb 29, 2016 at 4:05 AM, Dewayne Geraghty  wrote:

> I understand the value of fPIC for shareable libraries but I'm a little
> confused as to why libcrypt.a requires -fPIC; which BTW does enable both
> python, perl and others to build cleanly.
>

Both perl and python load crypto support as shared objects associated with
their respective loadable modules. As such, you can't link non-PIC static
objects into those shared objects on amd64 (although it works, pretty much
by accident, on i386 32-bit).

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Re: intr using Swap

[Brandon Allbery]

On Wed, Feb 17, 2016 at 6:01 PM, hiren panchasara <
hi...@strugglingcoder.info> wrote:

> Yes, I've seen this too. Inact end up accumulating a very large chunk of
> memory leaving Free to very low.
>
> What VM/pagedaemon seems to care about is Free+Cache and not just Free.
> I kind of get that Free mem is wasted mem but putting everything in Inact
> to the point that machine has to go into swap when a sudden need arises
> also doesn't seem right.
>

If the file cache is "hot" but some working storage that was used at boot
and will never be touched again is lying around (or, perhaps, that getty
listening on a virtual console you never use), it makes perfect sense to
push that out to swap.

"Swap in use" does not mean "memory management problems".

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Re: su on 10.2: TERM: Undefined variable

[Brandon Allbery]

On Sun, Nov 22, 2015 at 6:31 PM, Erich Dollansky <
erichsfreebsdl...@alogt.com> wrote:

> this is a bit strange. TERM should be always define to tell the
> applications the capabilities of your terminal.
>

Things run from crontab don't have a terminal.

I note the error message looks like csh; check the target user's .cshrc.

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Re: fat32 question

[Brandon Allbery]

On Sun, Sep 20, 2015 at 12:55 AM, Zoran Kolic  wrote:

> I have a device to which I'd like to connect otg cable
> and insert 16gb usb stick. Tried "newfs_msdos -F32 /dev/da0".
>

This was probably a mistake; USB sticks are partitioned, and you wiped out
the partition table by using da0 instead of e.g. da0s1. Most other systems
--- and automount utilities even for FreeBSD --- won't understand it any
more.

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Re: pkg does bad things after upgrade from 8.4 to 9.3

[Brandon Allbery]

On Wed, Sep 9, 2015 at 11:45 AM, Michael R. Wayne 
wrote:

> Note that NONE of this explains why pkg would delete ANYTHING


Because it can't keep track of multiple versions of (say) gettext for
different packages? If you upgrade something that requires a newer gettext,
you must either upgrade everything else that uses gettext or remove the
things that can only use the old one.

This same pain is visible in other package systems --- for example, ask
someone on debian unstable (or, occasionally, testing) who tries to
install/upgrade something and watches it ask to remove their entire system
because it was built against a newer libc.

If you use packages, you need to upgrade the entire package set as a unit,
not piecemeal.

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Re: SSH Chroot FreeBSD 10.1 and 10.2

[Brandon Allbery]

On Sat, Aug 22, 2015 at 9:32 AM, Johan Hendriks joh.hendr...@gmail.com
wrote:

 Last login: Sat Aug 22 17:05:52 2015 from 192.168.1.13
 Could not chdir to home directory /restricted/testuser1: No such file or
 directory
 Cannot read termcap database;
 using dumb terminal settings.
 %
 From here I can do ls and so on if I copy ls, mkdir and other programs
 from /rescue to /restricted/username/bin , and can not escape my home,
 this is what I want but the error messages are frustrating.


You have the chroot directory both as a chroot directory and a home
directory. This means that the *actual* home directory, as seen from
outside the chroot, is /restricted/testuser1/restricted/testuser1. (Home
directory is *inside* the chroot directory and therefore relative to it.)

The termcap message should be self-explanatory; you're missing /etc/termcap
inside the chroot.

chroot is what it says on the tin: once set, the specified directory is
/. Every file accessed from that point on MUST be available from a tree
in which the specified chroot directory is /. This includes symlinks ---
symlink resolution doesn't get to see outside the specified / any more
than anything else running in the chroot does, so you cannot simply symlink
to a file outside the chroot. (Hard links are fine, since they are actually
by inode number; they just have to be on the same partition.)

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Re: SSH Chroot FreeBSD 10.1 and 10.2

[Brandon Allbery]

On Sat, Aug 22, 2015 at 10:54 AM, Rainer Duffner rai...@ultra-secure.de
wrote:

 I found it’s much easier to have actual chroot’ed ssh users once the users
 themselves are in an LDAP-directory.
 Also, for doing anything useful on that shell, it turned out you need a
 some more devices in /dev than the usual chroot (like a chroot’ed PHP-FPM,
 that just needs the dev-set of jail(4)).
 And a couple of symlinks.


Yep; chroots are always a pain to deal with. I have seen utilities to
manage them, but only for Linux.

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Re: 10.2-Beta i386..what's wrong..?

[Brandon Allbery]

On Fri, Jul 24, 2015 at 3:02 AM, Holm Tiffe h...@freibergnet.de wrote:

 ...more RAM? Always more RAM?


For ZFS, yes. Stick to UFS otherwise.

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Re: table with bug in ipfw

[Brandon Allbery]

On Fri, Jul 24, 2015 at 11:07 AM, Marcelo Gondim gon...@bsdinfo.com.br
wrote:

 On 24-07-2015 11:31, Kurt Jaeger wrote:

 Hi!

  This one was fixed in r266310 (based on bin/189471) but I haven't
 merged it to -stable.

 Because it changes ip_fw.h, would it break KABI or ABI ?
 Would that prevent a merge to 10.2 ?

  I do not know if it affects the rule or whether it is merely visual. But
 this bug has since version 10.0.
 I thought it would be corrected to version 10.2.


Looks to me like it's just applying an IPv6 output format (incorrectly even
for IPv6, arguably) to an IPv4 address?

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Re: 10.2-Beta i386..what's wrong..?

[Brandon Allbery]

On Thu, Jul 23, 2015 at 8:40 PM, Mark Linimon lini...@lonesome.com wrote:

 zfs is a resource hog.  i386 is not able to handle the demand as well
 as amd64.


Even amd64 is no guarantee. I installed one of the Illumos spinoffs on a
2GB amd64 netbook (they mostly force zfs). I think it lasted 2 days before
the kernel panics started.

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Re: 10.2-Beta i386..what's wrong..?

[Brandon Allbery]

On Thu, Jul 23, 2015 at 8:43 PM, Glen Barber g...@freebsd.org wrote:

  Even amd64 is no guarantee. I installed one of the Illumos spinoffs on a
  2GB amd64 netbook (they mostly force zfs). I think it lasted 2 days
 before
  the kernel panics started.
 

 Even on amd64, you need to tune the system with less than 4GB RAM.


I knew it wasn't going to fly, in fact I looked for ways to get the
installer to do ufs instead because I couldn't imagine zfs being able to
work in 2GB. Somehow I don't think old netbooks are in Illumos's plans. :)

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Re: struct timehands: th_generation field

[Brandon Allbery]

On Thu, Jul 23, 2015 at 9:43 AM, deco33...@yandex.com wrote:

 I am struggling on one field of a struct :
 http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/source/kern/kern_tc.c?v=FREEBSD10#L63
 I would like to understand what th_generation means please.


Seems to me you get a clue from: (
http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/source/kern/kern_tc.c?v=FREEBSD10#L192)

*/*** * Functions for reading the time.  We have to loop until we are
sure that** * the timehands that we operated on was not updated under
our feet.  See** * the comment in sys/time.h for a description of
these 12 functions.** */*

 #ifdef FFCLOCK
 voidfbclock_binuptime 
 http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/ident?v=FREEBSD10;i=fbclock_binuptime(struct 
 bintime http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/ident?v=FREEBSD10;i=bintime *bt 
 http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/ident?v=FREEBSD10;i=bt)
 {
 struct timehands 
 http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/ident?v=FREEBSD10;i=timehands *th;
 unsigned int gen http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/ident?v=FREEBSD10;i=gen;

 do {
 th = timehands 
 http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/ident?v=FREEBSD10;i=timehands;
 gen http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/ident?v=FREEBSD10;i=gen = 
 th-th_generation;
 *bt http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/ident?v=FREEBSD10;i=bt = 
 th-th_offset;
 bintime_addx 
 http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/ident?v=FREEBSD10;i=bintime_addx(bt 
 http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/ident?v=FREEBSD10;i=bt, th-th_scale * tc_delta 
 http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/ident?v=FREEBSD10;i=tc_delta(th));
 } while (gen http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/ident?v=FREEBSD10;i=gen == 0 
 || gen http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/ident?v=FREEBSD10;i=gen != 
 th-th_generation);
 }

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Re: struct timehands: th_generation field

[Brandon Allbery]

On Thu, Jul 23, 2015 at 10:38 AM, deco33...@yandex.com wrote:

 Is the maximum value for th_generation equal to 10 ?
 http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/source/kern/kern_tc.c?v=FREEBSD10#L77


I don't think those relate to generations. Generations change on every
clock tick; the multiple timehands structs relate to forcibly setting the
time, as opposed to the clock moving forward normally. It does appear serve
a similar purpose, since forcibly setting the time is even more violent
(to anything currently reading the clock) than advancing the clock on a
clock tick, since that's when other adjustments including possibly
switching the clock source will be applied.

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Re: WITHOUT_OPENSSL and make delete-old

[Brandon Allbery]

On Mon, Jul 13, 2015 at 3:14 PM, Matt Smith f...@xtaz.co.uk wrote:

 See now I assumed that the only things in the base that used it were
 Kerberos, GSSAPI, and OpenSSH. If you read the man page for src.conf it
 says that setting WITHOUT_OPENSSL also sets WITHOUT_KERBEROS,
 WITHOUT_GSSAPI, and WITHOUT_OPENSSH. This makes me think these are the only
 things in the base that do actually use OpenSSL?


OpenSSL has two components, one of which is a general crypto library. I'd
imagine that a lot of stuff could make use of that part of OpenSSL.

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Re: WITHOUT_OPENSSL and make delete-old

[Brandon Allbery]

On Mon, Jul 13, 2015 at 6:58 PM, Kevin Oberman rkober...@gmail.com wrote:

 Annoying! ssh has explicitly never used of OpenSSL. I just confirmed that
 it still does not. It does use gssapi and kerberos, so even though it makes
 no use of OpenSSL, it does use those two things which are not actually part
 of OpenSSL. If you check /usr/src/crypto/openssl, there is no gssapi or
 kerberos there. Both of these are in the heimdal sources. Looks to me like 
 WITHOUT_OPENSSL
 is really without a few other things but NOT OpenSSL. Very weird.


Um? On most platforms OpenSSH uses OpenSSL's libcrypto. This was a FAQ
nearly everywhere when there was a bug in the SSL/TLS part of OpenSSL and
OpenSSH was updated as part of it (no, OpenSSH is not vulnerable, but it
depends on OpenSSL's libcrypto; while that part was not buggy, it had to be
updated at the same time as the buggy TLS part).

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Re: pkgng cannot fetch from PACKAGESITE with nanobsd.sh in FreeBSD 10.1

[Brandon Allbery]

On Sat, Apr 4, 2015 at 8:26 PM, Zenny garbytr...@gmail.com wrote:

 + cust_NANOBSD_packages
 + env SSL_NO_VERIFY_HOSTNAME=true env SSL_NO_VERIFY_PPER=true pkg -c
 install -fy nano
 pkg: illegal option -- f
 pkg: illegal option -- y
 pkg: chroot failed!

 When I install with -y flag on the host node, it works fine, but
 causing problem only in the chrooted environment. Where did I get
 wrong? Thanks in advance.


Notice that ${NANO_WORLDDIR} didn't substitute anything; it used install
as the chroot (which is why it failed) and -fy as global options instead of
options to the install command it didn't see because -c ate it.

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Re: savecore problem

[Brandon Allbery]

On Mon, Mar 16, 2015 at 9:40 AM, Michael BlackHeart amdm...@gmail.com
wrote:

 Hello there. I've got a problem. Recently my personal server issued a
 kernel panic. Then there's a dump and so on. But there's no dump
 information after reboot. I do not know what was really the panic cause but
 assume that savecore failed because of RAID.

 Problem - minidump was done (I saw it was) but was not recovered by
 savecore after reboot into /var/vrash

(...)

 /dev/ufs/varfs  /varufs rw,noatime
  2   2


Last I checked, savecore had to happen very early --- before filesystems
other than / are mounted.

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Re: 9.1-RC2 - could it be that the installer does not write the MBR?

[Brandon Allbery]

On Thu, Oct 18, 2012 at 5:31 AM, Kimmo Paasiala kpaas...@gmail.com wrote:

 Such question does not make sense if the disk is GPT partitioned which
 is the default now. The boot loader is installed on a separate
 freebsd-boot partition and the MBR of the disk contains a special
 protective MBR.


And what is supposed to happen if the disk has an existing MBR and existing
partitions?

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Re: 9.1-RC2 - could it be that the installer does not write the MBR?

[Brandon Allbery]

On Wed, Oct 17, 2012 at 4:56 PM, Rainer Duffner rai...@ultra-secure.dewrote:

 I tried to install 9.1-RC2 amd64 on two disks that previously had some
 version of Solaris installed (with grub as boot-manager).
 The installation would always be successful, but it would just boot to
 grub and then sit there.


RC1 wasn't very good at it either.

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Re: FreeBSD 10-CURRENT and 9-STABLE snapshots

[Brandon Allbery]

On Wed, Oct 10, 2012 at 8:21 PM, Claude Buisson clbuis...@orange.fr wrote:

 I can easily understand that developpers are happy to switch to new tools,
 but
 the question is: do FreeBSD developpers care a bit about non developpers,
 and


FreeBSD developers are required to keep their development systems and tools
with the needs of non-developers as the primary requirement?

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Re: battery state - hw.acpi.battery.life goes only down

[Brandon Allbery]

On Tue, Sep 25, 2012 at 7:43 PM, Michael Schuh michael.sc...@gmail.comwrote:

 this wrong number seems persistent during a reboot.
 i tested this, shortly.
 the battery life after reboot was 97% with power supply plugged in all the
 times.

 after a clean boot the system camed up with a battery.life of 97% ( power
 supply plugged in :O ).


Sounds like normal lithium ion charger behavior to me; typically they won't
kick in the charger until it reaches somewhere between 90-95% (depends on
the device).  This extends the useful life of the battery; raw lithium ion
is just as (actually, more) prone to destruction via overcharging as other
battery technologies.

http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/charging_lithium_ion_batteriesdiscusses
this.  Note in particular:  A continuous trickle charge would
cause plating of metallic lithium, and this could compromise safety.

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Re: battery state - hw.acpi.battery.life goes only down

[Brandon Allbery]

On Tue, Sep 25, 2012 at 8:10 PM, Michael Schuh michael.sc...@gmail.comwrote:

 hmm, may be.
 i didn't thinked about that lithium charging feature.
 you may right with that.


I have watched batteries cycle like that on OS X, Linux, and FreeBSD, and
some versions of Windows; possibly more recent versions try to hide it.
 It's also possible the ACPI BIOS normally hides it but needs some
recalibration step (on Macs, for example, you need to fully charge then
fully discharge then fully charge again to recalibrate it; I think that's
common).


 but one point, this behaviour is new.
 i made some tests to check if my conkyrc is right and there i haven't wait
 that the battery is gone under 90%
 for checking this. after i could confirm that the conkyrc is syntactically
 correct, the battery reached 100% again.


That sounds like it is normal cycling then.

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Re: /bin/sh arithmetic doesn't seem to like leading 0 now

[Brandon Allbery]

On Fri, Sep 21, 2012 at 1:09 PM, David Wolfskill da...@catwhisker.orgwrote:

 $ echo $(( 09 + 0 ))


Unable to get to fbsd box now but suspicious mind wants to know what
happens with 07 in place of 09.

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Re: PF Configuration - FreeBSD Release 9.0 x64

[Brandon Allbery]

On Tue, Sep 11, 2012 at 4:26 AM, Damien Fleuriot m...@my.gd wrote:

 On 11 Sep 2012, at 10:15, Shiv. Nath prabh...@digital-infotech.net
 wrote:
  It is FreeBSD Release 9.0 x64 and i see this log very frequent almost
 every second, And i want to block this IP from reaching my server. i
 configured the PF as following but still see the same logs, it is like it
 did not work.
 
  Sep 11 07:49:56 titan avahi-daemon[1567]: Received response from host
 41.211.2.239 with invalid source port 4331 on interface 'em0.0'

 It says it received a *response* so my understanding is *you* are trying
 to connect.


But it's avahi (a zeroconf implementation) so the response is to a
broadcast; the remote machine in question may also be broadcasting.

I would actually question why avahi is even enabled on a server; perhaps
the correct answer is simply to disable it in rc.conf.

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Re: PF Configuration - FreeBSD Release 9.0 x64

[Brandon Allbery]

On Tue, Sep 11, 2012 at 11:12 AM, Kimmo Paasiala kpaas...@gmail.com wrote:

 On Tue, Sep 11, 2012 at 6:05 PM, Brandon Allbery allber...@gmail.com
 wrote:
  On Tue, Sep 11, 2012 at 4:26 AM, Damien Fleuriot m...@my.gd wrote:
  On 11 Sep 2012, at 10:15, Shiv. Nath prabh...@digital-infotech.net
  wrote:
  It says it received a *response* so my understanding is *you* are trying
  to connect.
 
  But it's avahi (a zeroconf implementation) so the response is to a
  broadcast; the remote machine in question may also be broadcasting.
 
  I would actually question why avahi is even enabled on a server; perhaps
  the correct answer is simply to disable it in rc.conf.

 You do know that avahi-daemon's main use is to advertise _services_
 running on a host?


Yes, but zeroconf-style services are often more of a peer-to-peer nature
instead of fixed (which don't *need* zeroconf).  It's also a larger attack
surface.

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Re: 9.1-RC1 installer [was: FreeBSD 9.1-RC1 Available...]

[Brandon Allbery]

On Fri, Aug 31, 2012 at 2:26 PM, David Wolfskill da...@catwhisker.orgwrote:

 While the exercise was ultimately successful, I needed to make use of
 additional hardware (including a second FreeBSD machine -- my laptop) to
 complete it.  Had I been trying to install with just the target machine
 and the USB drive (memstick), as far as I can tell, I would have ended
 up with a brick.


I can confirm this, and I *did* end up with a brick (went back and did it
again with the 9.0-R installer to get a working system).  Worse, it managed
to damage the EFI partition and I'm still getting fallout from that I think.

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