Bismillah [IslamCity] Pop Culture penetrating Shia Islam!!!!!

2009-01-27 Thread Mustafa Mawjee

Pop Culture in the Name of Islam
By - YVONNE RIDLEY



I FEEL very uncomfortable about the pop culture which is growing around some 
so-called Nasheed artists. Of course I use the term ''Nasheed artists'' very 
lightly. Islamic ''boy bands'' and Muslim ''popstars'' would probably be more 
appropriate.

Eminent scholars throughout history have often opined that music is haram, and 
I don't recall reading anything about the companions whooping it up to the 
sound of music. Don't get me wrong. I''m all for people letting off steam, but 
in a dignified manner and one which is appropriate to their surroundings.

The reason I am expressing concern is that just a few days ago at a venue in 
Central London, sisters went wild in the aisles as some form of pop-mania swept 
through the concert venue. And I'm not just talking about silly, little girls 
who don't know any better; I am talking about sisters in their 20's, 30's and 
40's, who squealed, shouted, swayed and danced.

Even the security guys who looked more like pipe cleaners than bulldozers were 
left looking dazed and confused as they tried to stop hijabi sisters from 
standing on their chairs. Of course the stage groupies did not help at all as 
they waved and encouraged the largely female Muslim crowd to 'get up and sing 
along.' (They're called ''Fluffers'' in lap-dancing circles!)

The source of all this adulation was British-born Sami Yusuf, who is so proud 
of his claret-colored passport that he wants us all to wave the Union Jacks. 
I'm amazed he didn't encourage his fans to sing 'Land of Hope and Glory.' 
Brother Sami asked his audience to cheer if they were proud to be British, and 
when they responded loudly, he said he couldn't hear them and asked them to 
cheer again.

How can anyone be proud to be British? Britain is the third most hated country 
in the world. The Union Jack is drenched in the blood of our brothers and 
sisters across Iraq, Afghanistan, and Palestine. Our history is steeped in the 
blood of colonialism, rooted in slavery, brutality, torture, and oppression. 
And we haven't had a decent game of soccer since we lifted the World Cup in 
1966.

Apparently Sami also said one of the selling points of Brand UK was having 
Muslims in the Metropolitan Police Force! Astaghfur'Allah! Dude, these are the 
same cops who have a shoot-to-kill policy and would have gunned down a Muslim 
last year if they could tell the difference between a Bangladeshi and a 
Brazilian. This is the same police force that has raided more than 3000 Muslim 
homes in Britain since 9/11.  What sort of life is there on Planet Sami, I 
wonder? If he is so proud to be British, why is he living in the great Middle 
Eastern democracy of Egypt?

Apparently the sort of hysteria Sami helped encourage is also in America, and 
if it is happening on both sides of the Atlantic, then it must be creeping 
around the globe and poisoning the masses. Islamic boy bands like 786 and Mecca 
2 Medina are also the subject of the sort of female adulation you expect to see 
on American Pop Idol or the X-Factor. Surely Islamic events should be promoting 
restrained and more sedate behaviour.

Do we blame the out-of-control sisters? Or do we blame the organizers for 
allowing this sort of excessive behaviour which demeans Islam? Or do we blame 
the artists themselves?  If those Nasheeds had sisters running in the streets 
whooping and dancing, however, the Nasheeds may be encouraged because of haram 
activity surrounding them.

Quite frankly, I really don't know how anyone in the Ummah can really let go 
and scream and shout with joy at pleasure domes when there is so much brutality 
and suffering going on in the world today.







Bismillah [IslamCity] Iran - 7 - Last in the series

2008-07-28 Thread Mustafa Mawjee

 Iran Makes the Sciences A Part of Its Revolution


 By Thomas Erdbrink

 Washington Post Foreign Service

 Friday, June 6, 2008; A01



 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/05/AR2008





TEHRAN -- As Burton Richter, an American Nobel laureate in physics, entered the 
main auditorium of Tehran's prestigious Sharif University, hundreds of students 
rose to give him a loud and lengthy ovation. But Richter, wearing a white suit 
and leaning on a cane, said he was the one who should be awed.  "The students 
here are very impressive," Richter said, lauding the high level of education at 
Sharif. "I expect to hear a lot more from you all in the future."



The students, young men and women with laptops and smart briefcases, giggled in 
their seats. A woman took pictures of the Stanford professor emeritus, whose 
visit last month was part of a privately funded academic program run by the 
National Academies of the United States and universities in Iran.  "Mr. Richter 
is an example for us," explained Ismael Hosseini, a 23-year-old electrical 
engineering student who had managed to get a seat near the stage.   "But soon I 
will be able to listen to an Iranian scientist who has received a Nobel Prize 
for his or her work," he said. "We are all studying and researching hard to 
receive this honour."



Iran's determination to develop what it says is a nuclear energy program is 
part of a broader effort to promote technological self-sufficiency and to see 
Iran recognized as one of the world's most advanced nations. The country's 
leaders, who three decades ago wrested the government away from a ruler they 
saw as overly dependent on the West, invest heavily in scientific and 
industrial achievement, but critics say government backing is sometimes 
erratic, leaving Iran's technological promise unfulfilled.  Still, Iranian 
scientists claim breakthroughs in nanotechnology, biological researchers are 
pushing the boundaries of stem cell research and the country's car industry 
produces more cars than anywhere else in the region.



"Iran wants to join the group of countries that want to know about the biggest 
things, like space," Richter said to the students during his speech at Sharif 
University, which draws many of the country's best students. Every year, 1.5 
million young Iranians take a national university entrance exam, or 
"concourse." Of the 500,000 who pass and are entitled to free higher education, 
only the top 800 can attend Sharif, considered Iran's MIT.  At Sharif, students 
work in fields including aerospace and nanotechnology. While some end up 
advancing Iran's nuclear program or finding work in other technological fields 
in Iran, many, especially PhD candidates, are lured by employers or 
universities in Australia, Canada and the United States.



"Our visitors are flabbergasted when they come to our modern laboratories and 
see women PhD students. Often they had a completely different image of Iran, 
not as an academic country," said Abdolhassan Vafai, a professor at Sharif. 
"Here, we educate our students to solve problems that affect all humanity, like 
hunger, global warming and water shortages."  But in Iran, scientists are also 
expected to serve ideological goals. Iran's leaders hold up their inventions as 
proof that the country's 1979 revolution has made it independent and 
self-sufficient.



When President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad opened Iran's first space centre in 
February, he issued a launch order sending a test missile into space  and 
proclaimed that "no power can overcome Iran's will."  Iran hopes to launch its 
second satellite -- the first was launched commercially by a Russian company -- 
within weeks, using a locally made rocket. Iran's advances in this field cannot 
be independently verified.



Iran's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, has encouraged scientific 
breakthroughs for geopolitical reasons. "If you are in pursuit of a science, 
you bring dissatisfaction and displeasure to the enemy of the revolution's 
aspirations," Khamenei said during a visit to Iran's stem cell research centre 
in 2006.



In 1979, revolutionaries accused Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the country's 
U.S.-backed autocrat, of having made Iran dependent on other states for 
technology, military equipment and industrial hardware.  During the Iran-Iraq 
war of the 1980s, the country faced an enemy supported by superpowers that 
isolated Iran. Squadrons of U.S.-made F-4 fighter jets were grounded because of 
U.S. sanctions that barred Iran's access to spare parts.



"In the war, the whole world was against us. We learned that we had to stand on 
our own two feet," said Manoucher Manteqi, chief executive of  Iran's largest 
carmaker, Iran Khodro. The state-run company produced more than 600,000 cars in 
2007 and has no equivalent in the Middle East. India's Tata Motors produced 
just over 400,000 vehicles in 2007; French automaker Peugeot Citroen -- with 
which Iran Khodro ha

Bismillah [IslamCity] Iran - 1

2008-07-21 Thread Mustafa Mawjee

  Iran successfully tests HIV medication
  Sun, 29 Jun 2008 19:46:48


  http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=61959§ionid=3510210







  An Iran-made herbal drug for AIDS has been tested on over 200 patients 
and has shown promising results in improving the condition.

  Reported to be more efficient when used in HIV positive patients with CD4 
below 350, Immuno-Modulator Drug (IMOD) prevents entry into advanced stages of 
AIDS and can be taken along with other anti-retroviral drugs.

  The herbal medication has shown to effectively control the multiplication 
of the HIV virus in a 90-day treatment course by increasing the number of CD4 
cells, the deficiency of which leads to the appearance of AIDS symptoms and 
related infections.

  According to Minoo Mohraz, Head of the Iranian AIDS Research Center, the 
new medicine has been tested in a 21-month period and has helped boost the 
immune system of 65 percent of the over 200 patients. The medication has had no 
noticeable side effects.

  IMOD is produced using plants native to Iran; small dosages of the drug 
have reportedly shown to be as effective as anti-retroviral medications.

  PKH/AA



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Bismillah [IslamCity] Taj Mahal - 360 degree view

2008-07-20 Thread Mustafa Mawjee

TAJ MAHAL
Beautiful 360 degree view
Image controlled by your mouse



  http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6065351


Bismillah [IslamCity] Study Islam & the Language of the Qur'an from the comfort of your home

2008-05-24 Thread Mustafa Mawjee

- Original Message -
From: Admin
To: 'Mustafa Mawjee'
Sent: Saturday, May 24, 2008 12:02 PM
Subject: Study Islam & the Language of the Qur'an from the comfort of your home


Salaamun alaykum dear Mustafa-bhai please broadcast this for the benefit of 
Mu’mineen on your list



The Academy for Learning Islam (A.L.I.) has begun three courses online for 
those who would like to study Islam from the comfort of their homes.

Interactive and engaging, these courses are a great way to enhance Islamic 
knowledge and interact with participants from around the world.

Experienced and resourceful Instructors make the experience fully worthwhile.



Classes began on the week of May the 19th, but you can still register as we 
have spaces to fit more students in the virtual room.

The courses will run for 8 weeks.



Details of the courses are as follows:



ALI 137: Three Du'as from Sahifa Sajjadiyyah

Taught by Hasnain Kassamali, the course includes a comprehensive introduction 
to the Sahifa and a detailed discussion of Du'as nos. 15, 30, and 33.



ALI 138: Tafseer of Sura Saba (for ladies only)

Tahera Kassamali teaches how to reflect over the verses of Sura Saba, and 
understand what great commentators have to say about the Surah.



ALI 139: Arabic Grammar - Level 1

Study Arabic with Khalil Jaffer and learn the basics of the grammar of this 
rich language. Enhance your learning through lessons from the text, and 
homework for practice.



For more details about the courses, and to register, visit our website 
www.academyofislam.com





Bismillah [IslamCity] Iranian women top in Science

2008-05-22 Thread Mustafa Mawjee
  Iranian women top on inventor list
  Sat, 10 May 2008 10:13:45

  http://www.presstv.com/Detail.aspx?id=55009§ionid=3510208




Iranian female inventors shine among 25 countries

  Iran's women inventors have received 23 medals at the Korea International 
Women's Invention Exposition, coming at the top of the list.   Bagging 12 gold 
medals, 5 silver and 6 bronze, Iranian women inventors gained the first place 
among 25 countries participating at the international event.

  Mehrnaz Golchinfar, has invented an electricity generator system for 
Third World countries. Her power station, free of environmental pollution, was 
selected as the best invention and received the special jury award.  Sonia 
Saberi's nano-composite earned her the World Intellectual Property Organization 
(WIPO) Award.

  Maryam Eslami's implement for reparation and surgery of osseous diseases 
in olecranon grabbed the International Federation of Inventors' Associations 
(IFIA) Award.   Some of twenty women inventors from Iran competed with 
participants from 25 other countries across the world at the prestigious 
festival held in the South Korean capital of Seoul.








Iranian Woman scientist takes physics prize
Sat, 17 May 2008 06:07:16

http://www.presstv.com/Detail.aspx?id=56088§ionid=3510208



An Iranian scientist has won the Young Scientist Prize in Particle 
Physics at an international contest on pure and applied physics.

The International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) has 
chosen Dr Yasaman Farzan as this year's top scientist, ISNA reported.  The 
prize has been established recently and is awarded every two years to a young 
scientist who has made greatest achievements in the field of practical or 
theoretical physics, ISNA reported on Friday.  The nominees for the prize must 
not have more than eight years experience of research work after their PhD.

Farzan, educated in Tehran's Sharif University, is to receive the 
award at the 34th International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP2008) 
which is to be held in Philadelphia, USA on July 30th-August 5th 2008.

The IUPAP prize includes an IUPAP medal, a certificate citing the 
recipient's scientific achievements and a honorary cash award which will be 
presented at the 34th International Conference on High Energy Physics 
(ICHEP2008) Philadelphia, USA, July 30th-August 5th, 2008.







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Bismillah [IslamCity] Prophet Mohammad by Dr K S Ramakrishna Rao - Part 3

2008-05-08 Thread Mustafa Mawjee
Dr K. S. RAMAKRISHNA RAO, an Indian Professor of Philosophy in his  booklet,
"Muhammad, The Prophet of Islam"
calls him the "PERFECT MODEL  FOR HUMAN LIFE."
Prof. Ramakrishna Rao explains his point by saying:

PART 3 (of 3)

"The personality of Muhammad, it is most difficult to get into the whole  truth 
of it. Only a glimpse of it I can catch. What a dramatic  succession of 
picturesque scenes! There is Muhammad, the Prophet.  There is Muhammad, the 
Warrior; Muhammad, the Businessman; Muhammad, the  Statesman; Muhammad, the 
Orator; Muhammad, the Reformer; Muhammad, the  Refuge of Orphans; Muhammad, the 
Protector of Slaves; Muhammad, the  Emancipator of Women; Muhammad, the Judge; 
Muhammad, the Saint. All in  all these magnificent roles, in all these 
departments of human  activities, he is alike a hero."

Prof. Rao writes:...

Prophet's Medicine for Health
"Circumcision is one of them. (scientists admit that  the  loose fold of the 
skin at the end of the male sex organ is exposed and  susceptible to infections 
and even to cancer. Therefore, millions  of  people are circumcised in Europe 
and America .)"
"A house without dates has no food - also to be eaten at the time of  
childbirth."
"Fig is a fruit from paradise and a cure for piles."
"None of your women who are pregnant and eat of water melon will fail  to 
produce off spring who are good in countenance and good in  character."
"Pomegranate cleanses you of Satan and evil aspirations for 40 days."

"The best drink in this world and the hereafter is water, when you are  thirsty 
drink it by sips and not gulps,gulping produces sickness of the liver. "
"Have regular use of honey for keeping fit."
"Black Cumin (Hadith; Habb al-Sauda) is a remedy for every disease  except 
death."
"milk wipes away heat from the heart just as the finger wipes away  sweat from 
the brow. It strengthens the back, improved the brain, renews vision and drives 
away forgetfulness."
"For loss of appetite he frequently advised to take Talbina, a  preparation of 
Barley. For constipation he used to recommend the use of Senna.
Similarly, for different ailments he would advise for taking  herbal  drugs 
like Olive, Black Cumin, Chicory, Fenugreek, Ginger, Marjorum, Saffron, 
Vinegar, Water-Cress etc."
"Treat your eyes with kohl, for it nourishes eyes and eyelashes."

"It is not permissible to eat any unslaughtered chicken. Such  chicken  will be 
Harmful" (Its the Scientific fact that (Blood Clotted Meat) is  harmful for 
Human beings and more painful for the animals (SPINAL  CORD  disaster before 
death."
"I command every woman to have Clothing such as to cover the whole  body with 
the exception of the face and the hands. & that clothing  should not be fitting 
that reveal the shape of the body. (not exposing  the skin, is an advice given 
by the US Department of Health And Human  Services (HHS) and the Centers for 
Disease Control and prevention. They  have sponsored a campaign called "Choose 
Your Cover for skin",  encouraging people to protect themselves from sun's UV 
rays and  skin  cancer. The campaign's section on clothing notes that "a 
long-sleeved shirt and long pants with a thick weave provide the best  
protection.)"

A man asked the Messenger :-'I used to suffer from an illness, and I  took 
alcohol for a remedy. When alcohol was banned, I went to God's  Messenger, and 
asked him whether I would be allowed to continue taking alcohol. No, for 
it(alcohol ) is not a remedy, rather it is the disease  itself, God's Messenger 
declared.'
A woman asked the Messenger :-'O God's  Messenger, my blood does not stop; 
shall I abandon the prescribed prayers?' No, you must not, for it is not the 
menstrual blood, it  is a  haemorrhage, God's Messenger replied.'


Muhammad (pbuh) was nothing more or less than a human being.
But he was  a man with a noble mission, which was to unite humanity on the 
worship  of ONE and ONLY ONE GOD
and to teach them the way to honest and  upright  living based on the commands 
of God.
He always described himself  as, 'A  Servant and Messenger of God,'
and so indeed every action of his  proclaimed to be.
(EDWARD GIBBON and SIMON OCKLEY in HISTORY OF THE  SARACEN EMPIRES, London, 
1870, p. 54)

**
**








 

Bismillah [IslamCity] Prophet Mohammad by Dr K S Ramakrishna Rao - Part 2

2008-05-07 Thread Mustafa Mawjee


"Muhammad, The Prophet of Islam"
calls him the "PERFECT MODEL  FOR HUMAN LIFE."
Prof. Ramakrishna Rao explains his point by saying:

PART 2 (of 3)

"The personality of Muhammad, it is most difficult to get into the whole  truth 
of it. Only a glimpse of it I can catch. What a dramatic  succession of 
picturesque scenes! There is Muhammad, the Prophet.  There is Muhammad, the 
Warrior; Muhammad, the Businessman; Muhammad, the  Statesman; Muhammad, the 
Orator; Muhammad, the Reformer; Muhammad, the  Refuge of Orphans; Muhammad, the 
Protector of Slaves; Muhammad, the  Emancipator of Women; Muhammad, the Judge; 
Muhammad, the Saint. All in  all these magnificent roles, in all these 
departments of human  activities, he is alike a hero."

Prof. Rao writes:...

Prophet's advice for health
"O Servant of God, use medicine, because God hath not created a  pain  without 
a remedy for it".
"Use of Medicine is the Decree of God"
"Do not neglect having your diseases treated, for God does not send  a  disease 
for which He will not send a cure except for old age."
"When you hear about a break of plague in any area, do not enter there  and 
when it has broken in a land where you are, then do not run way from  it (and 
spread elsewhere).' (Principle of quarantine).
"Keep away from the leper as you do from a lion. (To prevent the  spread  of 
leprosy.)"
"When a dog has licked a bowl of yours, clean it seven times, first  time with 
earth, the other six with water. (Dogs carry microbes of  certain diseases)"



Prophet's advice on Before going to sleep
1. One should change into some other clothes (e.g.pyjamas) .
2. Apply surmah in both the eyes.,
3. To brush the teeth with a miswaak,
4. sleep on the right hand side.
5. Sleep with the right palm under the right cheek.
6. Keep the knees slightly bent when sleeping.




General Advice
"One must cut one's nails & hairs of the pubic region within every forty  days 
."
"Males must wear the pants above the ankles. Females should ensure that  their 
lower garment covers their ankles"
"To announce ones arrival by coughing, greeting, etc. even though it may  be 
your own house"(A means for avoiding any fear.)"
"If it did not place an excessive burden upon my community, I would  command 
them to clean their teeth with miswak [a tooth stick] before  each of the five 
daily prayers."  'Disease' he said, 'is not the wrath of God, because Prophets 
also  suffered great pains, much greater than ordinary people."
"Victims of  epidemics like Cholera and Plague are martyrs.'
"Resort to Medicine first and then pray to God to get rid of the  diseases."



 

Bismillah [IslamCity] Prophet Mohammad by Dr K S Ramakrishna Rao - Part 1

2008-05-06 Thread Mustafa Mawjee


Dr K. S. RAMAKRISHNA RAO, an Indian Professor of Philosophy in his  booklet,
"Muhammad, The Prophet of Islam"
calls him the "PERFECT MODEL  FOR HUMAN LIFE."
Prof. Ramakrishna Rao explains his point by saying:

PART l (of 3)

"The personality of Muhammad, it is most difficult to get into the whole  truth 
of it. Only a glimpse of it I can catch. What a dramatic  succession of 
picturesque scenes! There is Muhammad, the Prophet.  There is Muhammad, the 
Warrior; Muhammad, the Businessman; Muhammad, the  Statesman; Muhammad, the 
Orator; Muhammad, the Reformer; Muhammad, the  Refuge of Orphans; Muhammad, the 
Protector of Slaves; Muhammad, the  Emancipator of Women; Muhammad, the Judge; 
Muhammad, the Saint. All in  all these magnificent roles, in all these 
departments of human  activities, he is alike a hero."

God's Messenger said, "If anyone among you is secure in mind in the morning, 
healthy in body, and   has food for the day,
it is as though the whole world has been brought into his possession."


Prophet's advice for Eating
"In eating, apportion a third of your stomach to food, another third to  water, 
and leave the last third empty. The bowl most distasteful to God  is a full 
stomach."
"What I fear concerning my community is a large paunch, oversleep,   idleness 
and the lack of certainty.
'Cleanliness is half of faith  (Iman)".
"Do not lean and eat."
"Wash both hands up to the wrists before eating"
"Do not find fault with the food."
"Remove your shoes before eating."
"When eating, sit with either both knees on the ground or one knee  raised or 
both knees raised."
"Eat with the right hand."
"Whilst eating one should not remain completely silent"
"Drink water in 3 breaths removing the utensil from the mouth after each sip . 
Do not drink directly from the jug or bottle. One should pour the  contents 
into a glass first and then drink"
"The best drink in this  world and the hereafter is water, when you  are 
thirsty drink it by sips  and not gulps, gulping produces sickness of the 
liver."
"Don't eat until you are hungry."
"The blessings of food lie in washing hands before and after eating."



Bismillah [IslamCity] This world is for all to share

2008-04-22 Thread Mustafa Mawjee

Islam and the West
http://www.islamfortoday.com/karenarmstrong02.htm

click here to read the whole artilce

A former Catholic nun and author of books on many of the world's religions 
including Islam,

English writer Karen Armstrong speaks about Western views of Islam,

the mood after 11 September and her hopes for better relations between Islam 
and the West.


Karen Armstrong



"The West has got to learn that it shares the planet with equals & not with 
inferiors. This means giving equal space in a conflict such as that between 
Israel & Palestine. It doesn't mean just using governments to get oil: you 
promote Saddam Hussein one day, & the next day he becomes public enemy number 
one. The West promoted people like the Shah of Iran simply because of its greed 
for oil, even though he had committed atrocities against his own people. There 
should be no more double standards, because double standards are colonialism in 
a new form. Western people have also got to disassociate themselves from 
inherited prejudices about Islam." - Karen Armstrong <>

Bismillah [IslamCity] Mind over Matter

2008-04-16 Thread Mustafa Mawjee



IT IS NOT WHAT YOU HAVE BUT IT IS HOW YOU THINK
HAS A PROFOUND EFFECT ON YOUR LIFE

  A business executive was deep in debt and could see no way out. Creditors 
were closing in on him. Suppliers were demanding payment. He sat on the park 
bench , head in hands, wondering if anything could save his company from 
bankruptcy.

  Suddenly an old man appeared before him.   "I can see that something is 
troubling you," he said.  After listening to the executive's woes, the old man 
said, "I believe I can help you."  He asked the man his name, wrote out a 
check, and pushed it into his hand saying, "Take this money. Meet me here 
exactly one year from today, and you can pay me back at that time." Then he 
turned and disappeared as quickly as he had come.

  The business executive saw in his hand a check for $500,000, signed by 
John D. Rockefeller, then one of the richest men in the world!  "I can erase my 
money worries in an instant!" he realized. But instead, the executive decided 
to put the un-cashed check in his safe. Just knowing it was there might give 
him the strength to work out a way to save his business, he thought.

  With renewed optimism, he negotiated better deals and extended terms of 
payment. He closed several big sales. Within a few months, he was out of debt 
and making money once again. Exactly one year later, he returned to the park 
with the un- cashed check. At the agreed-upon time, the old man appeared. But 
just as the executive was about to hand back the check and share his success 
story, a nurse came running up and grabbed the old man.

  "I'm so glad I caught him!" she cried. "I hope he hasn't been bothering 
you. He's always escaping from the rest home and telling people he's John D. 
Rockefeller. " And she led the old man away by the arm. The astonished 
executive just stood there, stunned. All year long he'd been wheeling and 
dealing, buying and selling, convinced he had half a million dollars behind him.

  Suddenly, he realized that it wasn't the money, real or imagined, that 
had turned his life around. It was his newfound self-confidence that gave him 
the power to achieve anything he went after.